Steps to Determine Wind Loads on MWFRS Rooftop Equipment and Other Structures
(Solid Freestanding Signs and Walls)
(NSCP 2015,Table 207D.1-1, page 2-120)
STEP 1: (NSCP 2015, section 103, p 1-6)
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY: III ( special occupancy structures)
STEP 2:
V =230 kPh (NSCP 2015,Figure 207A.5-1A, p 2-38)
𝑘𝑚 1000𝑚 1ℎ𝑟
𝑉 = 230 𝑥 𝑥
ℎ𝑟 1𝑘𝑚 3600𝑠
𝑽 = 𝟔𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟗 𝒎/𝒔
STEP 3:
Kd= 0.85 (NSCP 2015, section 207A.6, p 2-35)
(Table 207A.6-1, p 2-42)
Exposure category B : height > 9m ; roughness distance = 790m OR 20 x h of the building, which is
greater (NSCP 2015, see section 207A.7)
Topographic Factor ( NSCP 2015, section 207A.8.2, equation 207A.8-1, p 2-47 )
𝐾𝑧𝑡 = ( 1 + 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 )2
𝑲𝒛𝒕 = 𝟏
Gust Effect Factor (section 207A.9.1, p. 2-55)
Gf = 0.85
1+1.7𝑔𝑄 𝐼𝑧̅ 𝑄
G = 0.925( 1+1.7𝑔𝑣 𝐼𝑧̅
) (NSCP 2015, section 207A.9.4, Equation 207A.9-6, p. 2-56)
10 1
𝐼𝑧̅ = 𝑐( 𝑧̅ )6 (NSCP 2015, section 207A.9.4, Equation 207A.9-7, p. 2-56)
𝑧̅ = 0.6ℎ ≮ 𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 9.14m (NSCP 2015, Table 207A.9-1, p. 2-58)
0.6ℎ = 0.6(15𝑚) = 9𝑚
𝑧̅ = 9 < 𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝒛̅ = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟒𝒎 (NSCP 2015, Table 207A.9-1, p. 2-58)
𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 (NSCP 2015, Table 207A.9-1, p. 2-58)
10 1
𝐼𝑧̅ = 𝑐( )6
𝑧̅
10 1
= (0.30)( )6
9.14𝑚
𝑰𝒛̅ = 0.3045
𝒈𝑸 = 𝟑. 𝟒 (NSCP 2015, section 207A.9.4, p. 2-56)
𝒈𝒗 = 𝟑. 𝟒 (NSCP 2015, section 207A.9.4, p. 2-56)
1
𝑄= √ 𝐵+ℎ 0.63 (NSCP 2015, section 207A.9.4, Equation 207A.9-8, p. 2-56)
1+0.63( )
𝐿𝑧̅
B = 10m (NSCP 2015, section 207A.3, p. 2-30)
h = 15m (NSCP 2015, section 207A.3, p. 2-30)
𝑧̅
𝐿𝑧̅ = ℓ(10)∈̅ (NSCP 2015, section 207A.9-9, p. 2-56)
𝓵 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟓𝟒𝒎
𝟏
̅=
∈
𝟑.𝟎
𝒛̅ = 𝟗𝒎
1
9
𝐿𝑧̅ = 97.54(10)3.0
𝑳𝒛̅ = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟖
1
𝑄= √ 10+15 0.63
1+0.63( )
94.1738
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟔𝟐
1+1.7𝑔𝑄 𝐼𝑧̅ 𝑄
G = 0.925( 1+1.7𝑔𝑣 𝐼𝑧̅
)
1+1.7(3.4)(0.3045)(0.8862)
G = 0.925( 1+1.7(3.4)(0.3045)
)
G = 0.8579
STEP 4: (NSCP 2015, Table 207D.2-1 p 2-126)
(NSCP 2015, Table 207D.3-1 p 2-126)
Height above ground level, z (m) = 15m
Exposure B: 0.807
1. For 4.57m <= z <= zg; Kz = 2.01(z/zg)2/alpha
2. Alpha = 7.0, zg = 365.76 (NSCP 2015, Table 207A.9-1 p 2-58)
3. Kz = 0.807
STEP 5:
qz = 0.613KzKztKdV2 velocity pressure, (N/m2) (NSCP 2015, section 207D.3-1 p 2-120)
Kz= velocity pressure exposure coefficient (section 207D.3.1, p 2-119)
Kzt = topographic factor (section 207A.8.2, p 2-47)
Kd = wind directionality factor (section 207A.6, p 2-35)
V = basic wind speed (section 207A.5.1, p 2-32)
qz = velocity pressure (calculated using eq. 207D.3-1 @ mean roof height h)
values:
Kz = 0.807 STEP 4
Kzt = ( 1+ K1 + K2 + K3)3 = 1.0
Kd= 0.85
𝑽 = 𝟐𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒉
qz = 0.613(0.807)(1)(0.85)(230𝑘𝑃ℎ)2
𝒒𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟖 𝐍/𝒎𝟐
𝒒𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟖 𝐤𝐍/𝒎𝟐
STEP 6:
Force Coefficient, 𝐶𝑓 (NSCP 2015, Figure 207D.4-1, p 2-127)
𝐵 10
= = 1.1111
𝑠 9
𝑠 9
= = 0.6
ℎ 15
By Interpolation:
x (s/h) y (B/s)
0.7 1.65
0.6 Cf
0.5 1.75
0.7 − 0.6 1.65 − 𝐶𝑓
=
0.7 − 0.5 1.65 − 1.75
𝑪𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟕
STEP 7: SOLVING FOR WINDLOAD, F
𝐹 = qℎ 𝐺𝐶𝑓 𝐴𝑠 (N) (NSCP 2015, Equation 207D.5-1, p 2-122)
qh = velocity pressure (NSCP 2015, section 207D.3.2, Equation 207D.3-1, p 2-120)
G = gust-effect factor (NSCP 2015section 207A.9.1, p. 2-55)
Cf = force coefficients (NSCP 2015, Figure 207D.4-1, p 2-127)
As = projected area normal to the wind
𝐹 = (22243.7808 N/𝑚2 )(0.8579)(1.7)(9𝑚𝑥10𝑚)
𝑭 = 2919689.753 N
𝑭 = 2919.69 kN
SOLVING FOR WIND PRESSURE, P:
𝐹 2919.69 kN
𝑃= =
𝐴 9𝑚(10𝑚)
𝑷 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟏 𝒌𝑷𝒂
(a) (b)
Figure 1. (a) Tributary Area (b) Distribution of Forces
Tributary Area, 𝐴𝑇 Force , F
𝐴𝑇 = (2𝑚)(0.75𝑚) 𝐹 = 𝑃𝐴𝑇
𝒌𝑵
𝐴𝑇 = 1.5𝑚2 𝐹 = 32.441 (1.5𝑚2 )
𝒎𝟐
𝑭 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵
Figure 2. Frame
WEIGHT OF TARPAULIN, 𝑾𝑻𝒂𝒓𝒑 :
Unit weight of tarpaulin = 0.25 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2
Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑊𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑝 = (0.25 ) ( 9.81 𝑠2 ) (9𝑚)(4𝑚)
𝑚2
𝑊𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑝 = 88.29 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 0.088 𝑘𝑁
WEIGHT OF FRAME, 𝑾𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆 :
Theoretical mass of L 65x65x10 = 9.42 𝑘𝑔/𝑚
Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
5
𝐿𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 = 𝑚 (12) + 9𝑚(3) + 2𝑚(14) = 85𝑚
2
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑊𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 = (9.42
𝑚
) (9.81 𝑠2 ) (85𝑚)
𝑊𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 = 7854.867 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 7.855 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 + 𝑊𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑝 = 7.855 + 0.088 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟒𝟑 𝒌𝑵
Figure 3. Loadings
