28

Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the discussion on the research design and methodology. This provides

a sufficient discussion on the research methodology, sources of data, the respondents of the study,

research instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Method

The researcher used a descriptive method of research. The descriptive research method

describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied1. According to

Aquino2 it is something more and beyond data gathering. It also involved the interpretation and

analysis of data from gathered information in the investigation that is conducted by the researcher.

The descriptive method of research was used to describe the school profile in terms of type, school

size, number of grade 10 students from school year 2015-2016 to 2017-2018, class size and NAT

performance of the schools in the core subjects. Moreover, the descriptive research method was

also employed to present the interpretation and analysis of the significant difference among the

National Achievement Test performance of the schools in the core subjects for the last three (3)

school years.

Furthermore, the descriptive research method was used to present descriptive data on the

factors affecting the performance of the schools as identified by the school heads, department

heads and the teachers.

The researcher utilized a survey questionnaire in order to gather data on the school profile

and on the factors affecting the grade 10 NAT performance of the public secondary schools in the
 29

division of Legazpi City. Frequency counts and weighted mean were the statistical tools used to

analyze the data gathered from the respondents through the questionnaire.

Sources of Data

The primary sources of data were the thirteen secondary school heads, department heads

and the selected grade 10 teachers. The grade 10 NAT results in the core subjects, the respondents’

responses on the research instrument and the solicited factors affecting the performance of the

schools were also sources of data.

Respondents

This study assessed the significant difference among the National Achievement Test

performance of the schools in the core subjects for the last three school years. The respondents of

this study were the school heads of thirteen (13) public secondary schools in the division of

Legazpi City and the department heads of each core subjects in each secondary schools. This would

also include the selected grade 10 teachers in public secondary schools in the division of Legazpi

City who were teaching English, Filipino, Science, Mathematics and Araling Panlipunan subjects.

Instrumentation

The researcher utilized the questionnaire as the primary instrument in terms of evaluating

the profile of the school, the background information of the school heads and the selected grade

10 teachers as well. Moreover, in identifying the factors affecting the performance of the schools.

The questionnaires were divided into three sets. One for the school heads, another one for

the department heads, and one for the selected grade 10 teacher-respondents. The first set was for

the school head, the first part was the school profile including type, school size, number of grade
 30

10 students from school year 2015-2016 to 2017-2018, class size and NAT performance of the

schools in the core subjects for the last three school years. The second part included the factors

affecting the grade 10 NAT performance of the secondary schools for the last three years. The

school head would identify and rank the enumerated factors in the questionnaires. The second set

was for the department heads. The first part of the questionnaire included teachers’ profile in terms

of name (optional), name of school, position, designation, highest educational attainment, number

of years teaching the subject and teaching loads. The second part included the factors affecting the

grade 10 NAT performance of the secondary schools for the last three years. The department head

also would identify and rank the enumerated factors in the questionnaires. The third set was for

the selected grade 10 teachers, the first part contained the teachers’ profile in terms of name

(optional), name of school, position, major, subject taught, number of years teaching the subject

and teaching loads. The second part included the factors affecting the grade 10 NAT performance

of the secondary schools for the last three years. The teacher respondents also would identify and

rank the enumerated factors in the questionnaires.

Based on the findings of the study, the researcher proposed policies and recommendations

that would help the schools improve their academic performances.

Data gathering Procedure

Before undertaking the research, the researcher had conducted informal interview to the

selected teachers relative to the factors affecting the grade 10 NAT performance of public

secondary schools. Immediately after the interview, the researcher had consolidated the results and

was able to identified the factors affecting the grade 10 NAT performance of public secondary

schools that would be included in the survey questionnaires. The instruments to be used were

prepared.
 31

The researcher sought permission from the Schools Division Superintendent of the

Division of Legazpi City to conduct the study. After getting the approval, the researcher

approached the division planning officer to ask for the list of public secondary schools in the

division of Legazpi City. Then, the researcher personally administered and retrieved the

questionnaires to the respondents.

Analysis of data gathered was done. Based on the finding, the researcher proposed policies

and recommendations that would help the schools improve their academic performances.

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered by the researcher was analyzed using the following statistical tools,

namely: Percentile Rank, used to determine the rank of each public secondary schools National

Achievement Test performance for the last three (3) years and the factors affecting the performance

of Grade 10 National Achievement Test performance of public secondary schools; Frequency

Count, used to determine the factors affecting the performance of Grade 10 National Achievement

Test performance of public secondary schools, the number of grade 10 teachers teaching his/her

major subject or mismatch grade 10 teachers and Mean to compute for the average number of

grade 10 students from school year 2015 – 2016 to 2017 - 2018 and the average class size for three

consecutive years. Analysis of variance or ANOVA was used to assess the difference among the

grade 10 National Achievement Test performance in the core subjects of public secondary schools

for the last three school years.

Formula3:

Where,
F = Anova Coefficient
 32

MST = Mean sum of squares due to treatment

MSE = Mean sum of squares due to error.
Formula for MST is given below:

Where,
SST = Sum of squares due to treatment
p = Total number of populations
n = The total number of samples in a population.
Formula for MSE is given below:

Where,
SSE = Sum of squares due to error
S = Standard deviation of the samples
N = Total number of observations.
 33

NOTES
1
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/descriptive-research/
2
https://www.coursehero.com/file/7233733/Descriptive-research/
3
https://byjus.com/anova-formula/
 34

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