C.

Neraca Massa Aktual

Pada Tanggal 20 Agustus 2018

A. Neraca Massa Seputar Primary Reformer 101-B

2 Steam = H₂O = 100 %

Flowrate = 151.91 ton/jam

Flowrate = 41.77 ton/jam

P = 36.50 kg/cm²
T = 480.76 °C

1 Primary Reformer
3
Mixed
Feed Output Primary
Gas
Gambar LB.2. Blok Diagram Primary Reformer

Komposisi Mixed Feed: Komposisi:

CH4 = 85.79 % CH4 = 23.14 %
C2H6 = 4.72 % CO = 5.81 %
C3H8 = 1.51 % CO2 = 13.36 %
i-C4H10 = 0.27 % H2 = 57.27 %
n-C4H10 = 0.34 % N2 = 0.41 %
i-C5H12 = 0.14 % Ar = 0.01 %
n-C5H12 = 0.08 % Total = 100.00 %
C6H14 = 0.22 %
CO2 = 5.32 %
N2 = 1.15 %
H2 = 0.44 %
Ar = 0.02 %
Total = 100.00 %
1. Input Primary Reformer
Stream 1 (Feed Gas)

Tabel.LB.12.Komposisi gas (hasil analisa data pada tanggal 25-06-2018)

Inlet
BM
Komponen Komposisi Gas BM rata-rata
kg/kmol % volume Fraksi (Yi) kg/kmol
CH4 16 85.79 0.8579 13.7264
C2 H 6 30 4.72 0.0472 1.4160
C3 H 8 44 1.51 0.0151 0.6644
n-C4H10 58 0.34 0.0034 0.1972
i-C4H10 58 0.27 0.0027 0.1566
n-C5H12 72 0.08 0.0008 0.0576
i-C5H12 72 0.14 0.0014 0.1008
C6H14 86 0.22 0.0022 0.1892
CO2 44 5.32 0.0532 2.3408
CO 28 0.00 0.0000 0.0000
H2 2 0.44 0.0044 0.0088
N2 28 1.15 0.0115 0.3220
Ar 40 0.02 0.0002 0.0080
Total 100.00 1.00 19.1878

a. Menghitung Mol Total Gas Masuk dari Feed Gas

Berdasarkan Log Sheet Reforming Control Room Ammonia Pusri IIB
Basis : 1 Jam Operasi
Flowrate = 41.77 ton/jam x 1000 kg
1 ton
= 41774.00 kg/jam

Flowrate
Mol Total Masuk =
BM Rata-rata
41774.00 kg/jam
=
19.1878 kg/kmol
= 2177.1125 kmol/jam

b. Menghitung Fraksi Mol Komponen Gas Masuk dari Feed Gas

Mol Komponen
Fraksi = (Hougen, hal 36)
Mol Total
85.79
CH4 =
100
 = 0.8579

c. Menghitung Mol Komponen Gas Masuk dari Feed gas

%n = % vol
n
= %vol
nt
n = % vol x nt
n CH₄ = 85.79 % x ###
= 1867.7448 kmol

d. Menghitung Massa Komponen Gas Masuk dari Feed gas

Massa = Mol Komponen x BM
CH4 = 1867.74 kmol x 16 kg/kmol
= 29883.92 kg

Tabel.LB.13. Komposisi Feed Gas Inlet Primary Reformer

Komponen % volume Fraksi Mol Mol BM Massa

(Yi) (kmol) (kg/kmol) (kg)
CH4 85.79 0.8579 1867.7448 16 29883.9176
C2 H 6 4.72 0.0472 102.7597 30 3082.7914
C3 H 8 1.51 0.0151 32.8744 44 1446.4736
n-C4H10 0.34 0.0034 7.4022 58 429.3266
i-C4H10 0.27 0.0027 5.8782 58 340.9358
n-C5H12 0.08 0.0008 1.7417 72 125.4017
i-C5H12 0.14 0.0014 3.0480 72 219.4529
C6H14 0.22 0.0022 4.7896 86 411.9097
CO2 5.32 0.0532 115.8224 44 5096.1850
CO 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 28 0.0000
H2 0.44 0.0044 9.5793 2 19.1586
N2 1.15 0.0115 25.0368 28 701.0302
Ar 0.02 0.0002 0.4354 40 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.0000 2177.1125 41774.0000

Stream 2 (Steam)
a. Menghitung Steam Masuk
Flowrate = 151.91 ton/jam x 1000 kg
1 ton
= 151913.00 kg/jam
 Flowrate
Steam Total =
BM
151913.00 kg/jam
=
18.0000 kg/kmol
= 8439.6111 kmol/jam

b. Menghitung Fraksi Mol Steam

Mol Komponen (Hougen, hal 36)
Fraksi Mol Komponen =
Mol Total
100.00
H₂O =
100
= 1

c. Menghitung Mol Komponen Steam

%n = % vol
n = %vol
nt
n = % vol x nt
n H₂O = 100.00 % x 8439.6111 kmol/jam
= 8439.6111 kmol

d. Menghitung Massa Steam

Massa = Mol Komponen x BM
H₂O = 8439.61 kmol x 18 kg/kmol
= 151913.00 kg

Tabel LB.14. Komposisi Steam

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
H2 O 18 100.00 1.00 8439.61 151913.00
Total 100.00 1.00 8439.61 151913.00
 Tabel LB.15. Komposisi Total Input (stream 1+2) Primary Reformer
BM Fraksi Mol Massa
Komponen % volume
(kg/kmol) (Yi) (kmol) (kg)
CH4 16 17.5925 0.1759 1867.7448 29883.9176
C2 H 6 30 0.9679 0.0097 102.7597 3082.7914
C3 H 8 44 0.3096 0.0031 32.8744 1446.4736
n-C4H10 58 0.0697 0.0007 7.4022 429.3266
i-C4H10 58 0.0554 0.0006 5.8782 340.9358
n-C5H12 72 0.0164 0.0002 1.7417 125.4017
i-C5H12 72 0.0287 0.0003 3.0480 219.4529
C6H14 86 0.0451 0.0005 4.7896 411.9097
CO2 44 1.0909 0.0109 115.8224 5096.1850
CO 28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H2 2 0.0902 0.0009 9.5793 19.1586
N2 28 0.2358 0.0024 25.0368 701.0302
Ar 40 0.0041 0.0000 0.4354 17.4169
H₂O 18 79.4936 0.7949 8439.61 151913.0000
Total 100.0000 1.0000 10616.7237 193687.0000

2. Output Primary Reformer

(Stream 3)
a. Menghitung Neraca Atom Input

Tabel LB.16. Neraca Atom Input Primary Reformer

Mol C H O
Komponen
kmol kmol kmol kmol
CH4 1867.7448 1867.7448 7470.9794 0.0000
C2 H 6 102.7597 205.5194 616.5583 0.0000
C3 H 8 32.8744 98.6232 262.9952 0.0000
n-C4H10 7.4022 29.6087 74.0218 0.0000
i-C4H10 5.8782 23.5128 58.7820 0.0000
n-C5H12 1.7417 8.7085 20.9003 0.0000
i-C5H12 3.0480 15.2398 36.5755 0.0000
C6H14 4.7896 28.7379 67.0551 0.0000
CO2 115.8224 115.8224 0.0000 231.6448
 CO 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H2 9.5793 0.0000 19.1586 0.0000
N2 25.0368 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.4354 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H₂O 8439.6111 0.0000 16879.2222 8439.6111
Total 10616.7237 2393.5175 25506.2484 8671.2559

b. Menghitung Output Primary Reformer

% Total atom C output = 23.14% + 5.81% + 13.36%
= ###

Neraca Karbon
Mol CH4 %CH4 Output
= x Total atom C input
Output %Total atom C output
23.14 %
= x 2393.5175
42.31 %
= 1309.0521 kmol

Mol CO₂ %CO₂ Output

= x Total atom C input
Output %Total atom C output
= 13.36 %
x 2393.5175
42.31 %
= 755.7881 kmol

Mol CO %CO Output

= x Total atom C input
Output %Total atom C output
= 5.81 %
x 2393.5175
42.31 %
= 328.6773 kmol

Atom O masuk = Atom O keluar

8671.2559 = Atom O pada CO + Atom O pada CO₂+
Atom O Pada H₂O
8671.2559 = 328,6773 kmol + (2 x 755,7881) kmol +
Atom O Pada H₂O
Atom O Pada H2O = 8671.2559 kmol - 1840.2535 kmol
= 6831.0024 kmol

Maka,
H₂O Keluar = Atom O Pada H₂O
= 6831.0024 kmol
Atom H Keluar = Atom H input + (Atom H pada CH4 output +
atom H pada H₂O output
= 25506.248 kmol - ((4 x 1309,0521 kmol) +
(2 x 6831,0024 kmol))
= 25506.2484 kmol - 18898.2133 kmol
= 6608.0351 kmol

H₂ Keluar = 6608.0351 kmol

2
= 3304.0175 kmol

Tabel LB.17. Komposisi Total Output Primary Reformer

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Massa
Komponen
(kg/kmol) % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 10.43 0.1043 1309.0521 20944.8341
CO 28 2.62 0.0262 328.6773 9202.9646
CO2 44 6.02 0.0602 755.7881 33254.6760
H2O 18 54.41 0.5441 6831.0024 122958.0431
H2 2 26.32 0.2632 3304.0175 6608.0351
N2 28 0.20 0.0020 25.0368 701.0302
Ar 40 0.00 0.0000 0.4354 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.0000 12554.0097 193687.0000

Tabel.LB.18.Neraca Massa Primary Reformer

Inlet Outlet
Komponen
mol (kmol) massa (kg) mol (kmol) massa (kg)

CH4 1867.7448 29883.9176 1309.0521 20944.8341

C2 H 6 102.7597 3082.7914 0.0000 0.0000
C3 H 8 32.8744 1446.4736 0.0000 0.0000
n-C4H10 7.4022 429.3266 0.0000 0.0000
i-C4H10 5.8782 340.9358 0.0000 0.0000
n-C5H12 1.7417 125.4017 0.0000 0.0000
i-C5H12 3.0480 219.4529 0.0000 0.0000
C6H14 4.7896 411.9097 0.0000 0.0000
CO2 115.8224 5096.1850 755.7881 33254.6760
CO 0.0000 0.0000 328.6773 9202.9646
H2 9.5793 19.1586 3304.0175 6608.0351
N2 25.0368 701.0302 25.0368 701.0302
Ar 0.4354 17.4169 0.4354 17.4169
H₂O 8439.6111 151913.0000 12554.0097 122958.0431
Total 10616.7237 193687.0000 18277.0170 193687.0000
Reaksi :
CH4 H2 O CO + 3H2
m : 1867.7448 + 8439.6111
r : 558.6927 558.6927 558.6927 1676.0782
s : 1309.0521 7880.9184 558.6927 1676.0782

CO + H2 O CO2 + H2
m : 558.6927 7880.9184
r : 230.0154 230.0154 230.0154 230.0154
s : 328.6773 7650.9030 230.0154 230.0154

C₂H₆ + 4H2O 2CO2 + 7H2

m : 102.7597 7650.9030
r : 102.7597 411.0388 205.5194 719.3180
s : 0.0000 7239.8641 205.5194 719.3180

C₃H₈ + 6H2O 3CO2 + 10H2

m : 32.8744 7239.8641
r : 32.8744 197.2464 98.6232 328.7440
s : 0.0000 7042.6177 98.6232 328.7440

nC₄H₁₀ + 8H2O 4CO2 + 13H2

m : 7.4022 7042.6177
r : 7.4022 59.2175 29.6087 96.2284
s : 0.0000 6983.4003 29.6087 96.2284

iC₄H₁₀ + 8H2O 4CO2 + 13H2

m : 5.8782 6983.4003
r : 5.8782 47.0256 23.5128 76.4167
s : 0.0000 6936.3746 23.5128 76.4167
 nC₅H₁₂ + 10H2O 5CO2 + 16H2
m : 1.7417 6936.3746
r : 1.7417 17.4169 8.7085 27.8670
s : 0.0000 6918.9577 8.7085 27.8670

iC₅H₁₂ + 10H2O 5CO2 + 16H2

m : 3.0480 6918.9577
r : 3.0480 30.4796 15.2398 48.7673
s : 0.0000 6888.4782 15.2398 48.7673

C₆H₁₄ + 12H2O 6CO2 + 19H2

m : 4.7896 6888.4782
r : 4.7896 57.4758 28.7379 91.0033
s : 0.0000 6831.0024 28.7379 91.0033

% konversi = ( CH₄ masuk - CH₄ keluar) x 100

CH₄ masuk
= ( 1867.7448 - 1309.0521 )kmx 100
1867.7448 kmol
= 95.62 %
B. Neraca Massa Seputar Secondary Reformer

5 Udara
Flowrate = 12788 Nm³/jam
Steam (H2O) = 100 % 4
Komposisi:
Flowrate = 6.9530 ton/jam N₂ = 76.60 %
P = 34.50 kg/cm² O₂ = 23.40 %
T = 722.00 °C Total = 100.00 %

3
Secondary Reformer
Gas Input Gas Output 6
Secondary Secondary

Gambar LB.3. Blok Diagram Secondary Reformer

Komposisi: Komposisi:
CH4 = 10.4274 % CH4 = 1.05 %
CO = 2.6181 % CO = 11.57 %
CO2 = 6.0203 % CO2 = 9.17 %
H2 O = 54.4129 % H2 = 49.79 %
H2 = 26.3184 % N2 = 28.08 %
N2 = 0.1994 % Ar = 0.34 %
Ar = 0.0035 % Total = 100.00 %
Total = 100.00 %

1. Input Secondary Reformer

a. Stream 3
(output primary reformer = input secondary reformer)

Tabel LB.19. Komposisi Input Secondary Reformer

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 10.427 0.10427 1309.0521 20944.83
CO 28 2.618 0.02618 328.6773 9202.96
CO2 44 6.020 0.06020 755.7881 33254.68
H2 O 18 54.413 0.54413 6831.0024 122958.04
H2 2 26.318 0.26318 3304.0175 6608.04
N2 28 0.199 0.00199 25.0368 701.03
 Ar 40 0.003 0.00003 0.4354 17.42
Total 100.00 1.000 12554.010 193687.000
b. Stream 4 (Steam)
Basis : 1 Jam Operasi
Berdasarkan Control Room Ammonia Pusri IIB:
a. Menghitung Steam Masuk
Flowrate = 1000 kg
6.95 ton/jam x
1 ton
= 6953.00 kg/jam

Steam Total Flowrate

=
Masuk BM
6953.00 kg/jam
=
18.0000 kg/kmol
= 386.2778 kmol/jam

b. Menghitung Massa Steam

Massa H₂O = Mol Komponen x BM
= 386.28 kmol x 18 kg/kmol
= 6953.00 kg

Tabel LB.20. Komposisi Steam

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
H2 O 18 100.00 1.00 386.28 6953.00
Total 100.00 1.00 386.28 6953.00

c. Stream 5 (Udara)
Berdasarkan Control Room Ammonia Pusri IIB:
1 m³ = 1 Nm³
Flowrate = 12788 Nm³/jam x 1 jam
22.415 m³/jam
= 570.5210 kmol

a. Menghitung Fraksi Mol Komponen Gas Masuk dari Udara

Fraksi Mol Mol Komponen (Hougen, hal 36)
=
Komponen Mol Total
23.40
O2 =
100
= 0.234

b. Menghitung Mol Komponen Udara

 Mol Komponen = Mol Total x Fraksi Mol
O2 = 570.52 kmol x 0.234
= 133.50 kmol
c. Menghitung Massa Masing-Masing Komponen Udara
Massa = Mol Komponen x BM
O2 = 133.50 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 4272.06 kg

Untuk komponen udara yang lain dapat di lihat pada Tabel.LB.7.

Tabel LB.21. Komposisi Udara
BM Mol Fraksi Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
O2 32 23.40 0.23 133.5019 4272.0612
N2 28 76.60 0.77 437.0191 12236.5344
Total 100.00 1.00 570.5210 16508.5956

Tabel LB.22. Total Input Secondary Reformer

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 9.69 0.0969 1309.0521 20944.8341
O₂ 32 0.99 0.0099 133.5019 4272.0612
CO 28 2.43 0.0243 328.6773 9202.9646
CO2 44 5.59 0.0559 755.7881 33254.6760
H2 O 18 53.42 0.5342 7217.2802 129911.0431
H2 2 24.45 0.2445 3304.0175 6608.0351
N2 28 3.42 0.0342 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 40 0.00 0.0000 0.4354 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.000 13510.8085 217148.5956
2. Output Secondary Reformer
d. (Stream 6)
a. Menghitung Neraca Atom Input Secondary Reformer
Tabel LB.23. Neraca Atom Input Secondary Reformer
Mol C H O
Komponen
kmol/jam kmol kmol kmol
CH4 1309.0521 1309.0521 5236.2085 0.0000
O₂ 133.5019 0.0000 0.0000 267.0038
CO 328.6773 328.6773 0.0000 328.6773
CO2 755.7881 755.7881 0.0000 1511.5762
H2O 7217.2802 0.0000 14434.5603 7217.2802
H2 3304.0175 0.0000 6608.0351 0.0000
N2 462.0559 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.4354 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 13510.8085 2393.5175 26278.8039 9324.5375

b. Menghitung Output Secondary Reformer

% Total atom C output = 1.05% + 11.57% + 9.17%
= 21.79 %
Neraca Karbon
%CH4 Output
Mol CH₄ Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
1.05 %
= x 2393.5175 kmol
21.79 %
= 115.3370 kmol

%CO₂ Output
Mol CO₂ Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
9.17 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
21.79 %
= 1007.28 kmol

%CO Output
Mol CO Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
11.57 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
21.79 %
 = 1270.9040 kmol

Atom O masuk = Atom O keluar

9324.54 kmol = Atom O pada CO + Atom O pada CO2 +
Atom O Pada H₂O
9324.54 kmol = 1270,9040 kmol + (2 x 1007,28) kmol +
Atom O Pada H₂O
= 9324.5375 kmol - 3285.46 kmol
Atom O Pada H₂O = 6039.0804 kmol

Maka,
H2O Keluar = Atom O Pada H2O
= 6039.0804 kmol

Atom H Keluar = Atom H input + (Atom H pada CH4 output +

atom H pada H₂O output)
= 26278.80 kmol - ((4 x 115,3370 kmol) +
(2 x 6039,0804 kmol))
= 26278.80 kmol - 12539.51 kmol
= 13739.2950 kmol
13739.2950 kmol
H2 Keluar =
2
= 6869.6475 kmol

Tabel. LB.24. Total Komposisi Output Secondary Reformer

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 0.732 0.0073 115.3370 1845.3921
CO 28 8.062 0.0806 1270.9040 35585.3115
CO2 44 6.389 0.0639 1007.2765 44320.1676
H2 O 18 38.308 0.3831 6039.0804 108703.4479
H2 2 43.576 0.4358 6869.6475 13739.2950
N2 28 2.931 0.0293 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 40 0.003 0.0000 0.4354 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.000 15764.737 217148.5956
 Tabel.LB.25.Neraca Massa Secondary Reformer Reformer
Inlet Outlet
Komponen
mol (kmol) massa (kg) mol (kmol) massa (kg)
CH4 1309.0521 20944.8341 115.3370 1845.3921
O₂ 116.4589 4272.0612 0.0000 0.0000
CO 328.6773 9202.9646 1270.9040 35585.3115
CO2 755.7881 33254.6760 1007.2765 44320.1676
H2 O 7217.2802 129911.0431 6039.0804 108703.4479
H2 3304.0175 6608.0351 6869.6475 13739.2950
N2 462.0559 12937.5646 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 0.4354 17.4169 0.4354 17.4169
Total 13493.7654 217148.5956 15764.7368 217148.5956
Reaksi :
CH4 + H2 O CO + 3H2
m : 1309.05 7217.28
r: 1193.7 1193.72 1193.7 3581.1
s: 115.34 6023.57 1193.7 3581.1

CO + H2 O CO2 + H2
m : 1522.39 6023.57
r : 251.49 251.49 251.49 251.49
s : 1270.90 5772.08 251.49 251.49
3 Neraca Massa Seputar High Temperature Shift Converter
(HTSC) 104-D1

Basis: 1 Jam Operasi

P = 33.76 kg/cm² P = 33.49 kg/cm²
Tin = 340.00 °C Tout = 405.70 °C
HTSC
6 7
Gas Dari Gas Keluar
Secondary HTSC
Gambar LB.4. Blok Diagram High Temperature Shift Converter

Komposisi: Komposisi:
CH4 = 0.73 % CH4 = 0.92 %
CO = 8.06 % CO = 2.91 %
CO2 = 6.39 % CO2 = 15.88 %
H2 O = 38.31 % H2 = 54.50 %
H2 = 43.58 % N2 = 25.49 %
N2 = 2.93 % Ar = 0.30 %
Ar = 0.00 % Total 100 %
Total 100 %

1. Input HTSC 104-D1

a. (Stream 6)
Output Secondary Reformer = Input HTSC 104-D

Tabel LB.26. Komposisi Input High Temperature Shift Converter

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 0.732 0.00732 115.3370 1845.3921
CO 28 8.062 0.08062 1270.9040 35585.3115
CO2 44 6.389 0.06389 1007.2765 44320.1676
H2 O 18 38.308 0.38308 6039.0804 108703.4479
H2 2 43.576 0.43576 6869.6475 13739.2950
N2 28 2.931 0.02931 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 40 0.003 0.00003 0.4354 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.000 15764.7368 217148.5956
2. Output HTSC 104-D1
b. (Stream 7)
a. Menghitung Neraca Atom Input HTSC 104-D1
Tabel LB.27. Neraca Atom Input HTSC 104-D1
Mol C H O
Komponen
kmol/jam kmol kmol kmol
CH4 115.3370 115.3370 461.3480 0.0000
CO 1270.9040 1270.9040 0.0000 1270.9040
CO2 1007.2765 1007.2765 0.0000 2014.5531
H2O 6039.0804 0.0000 12078.1609 6039.0804
H2 6869.6475 0.0000 13739.2950 0.0000
N2 462.0559 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.4354 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 15764.7368 2393.5175 26278.8039 9324.5375

b. Menghitung Input High Temperature Shift Converter

% Total atom C output = 0.92% + 2.91% + 15.88%
= 19.71 %

Neraca Karbon
%CH₄ Output
Mol CH₄ Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
0.92 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
19.71 %
= 111.7218 kmol

%CO₂ Output
Mol CO₂ Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
15.88 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
19.71 %
= 1928.41 kmol

%CO Output
Mol CO Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
2.91 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
19.71 %
= 353.38 kmol
Atom O masuk = Atom O keluar
9324.54 kmol = Atom O pada CO + Atom O pada CO2 +
Atom O Pada H₂O
9324.54 kmol = 353,38 kmol + (2 x 1928,41) kmol +
Atom O Pada H₂O
= 9324.54 kmol - 4210.21 kmol
Atom O Pada H₂O = 5114.3268 kmol

Maka,
H2O Keluar = Atom O Pada H2O
= 5114.33 kmol

Atom H Keluar = Atom H input + (Atom H pada CH4 output +

atom H pada H₂O output)
= 26278.80 kmol - ((4 x 111,7218 kmol) +
(2 x 5114,3268 kmol))
= 26278.80 kmol - 10675.54 kmol
= 15603.2632 kmol
15603.2632 kmol
H2 Keluar =
2
= 7801.6316 kmol

Reaksi pada High Temperature Shift Converter

CO + H2 O CO2 + H2
1270.90 6039.08
917.52 917.52 917.52 917.52
353.38 5114.33 917.52 917.52

Tabel LB.28. Komposisi Output HTSC 104 D1

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 0.708 0.0071 111.7218 1787.5484
CO 28 2.241 0.0224 353.3808 9894.6630
CO2 44 12.227 0.1223 1928.4149 84850.2570
H2 O 18 32.427 0.3243 5114.3268 92057.8825
H2 2 49.465 0.4947 7801.6316 15603.2632
N2 28 2.930 0.0293 462.0559 12937.5646
 Ar 40 0.003 0.0000 0.4354 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.000 15771.967 217148.5956

Tabel.LB.29.Neraca Massa HTSC

Inlet Outlet
Komponen
mol (kmol) massa (kg) mol (kmol) massa (kg)

CH4 115.3370 1845.3921 111.7218 1787.5484

CO 1270.9040 35585.3115 353.3808 9894.6630
CO2 1007.2765 44320.1676 1928.4149 84850.2570
H2 O 6039.0804 108703.4479 5114.3268 92057.8825
H2 6869.6475 13739.2950 7801.6316 15603.2632
N2 462.0559 12937.5646 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 0.4354 17.4169 0.4354 17.4169
Total 15764.7368 217148.5956 15771.9673 217148.5956
4 Neraca Massa Seputar Low Temperature Shift Converter
(LTSC) 104-D2

Basis = 1 Jam Operasi

P = 33.42 kg/cm² P = 33.38 kg/cm²

Tin = 205 °C LTSC Tout = 226 °C
7
8
Gas Masuk Gas Keluar 7
LTSC LTSC
Gambar LB.5. Blok Diagram Low Temperature Shift Converter

Komposisi: Komposisi:
CH4 = 0.71 % CH4 = 0.80 %
CO = 2.24 % CO = 0.22 %
CO2 = 12.23 % CO2 = 18.28 %
H2 O = 32.43 % H2 = 54.10 %
H2 = 49.47 % N2 = 26.28 %
N2 = 2.93 % Ar = 0.32 %
Ar = 0.00 % Total 100.00 %
Total 100.00 %

1. Input LTSC 104-D2

a. (Stream 7)
Output HTSC 104-D1 = Input LTSC 104-D2

Tabel LB.30. Komposisi Input Low Temperature Shift Converter

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 0.708 0.00708 111.7218 1787.5484
CO 28 2.241 0.02241 353.3808 9894.6630
CO2 44 12.227 0.12227 1928.4149 84850.2570
H2 O 18 32.427 0.32427 5114.3268 92057.8825
H2 2 49.465 0.49465 7801.6316 15603.2632
N2 28 2.930 0.02930 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 40 0.003 0.00003 0.4354 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.000 15771.9673 217148.5956
2. Output LTSC 104-D2
b. (Stream 8)
a. Menghitung Neraca Atom Input LTSC 104-D2
Tabel LB.31. Neraca Atom Input LTSC 104-D2
Mol C H O
Komponen
kmol/jam kmol kmol kmol
CH4 111.7218 111.7218 446.8871 0.0000
CO 353.3808 353.3808 0.0000 353.3808
CO2 1928.4149 1928.4149 0.0000 3856.8299
H2O 5114.3268 0.0000 10228.6536 5114.3268
H2 7801.6316 0.0000 15603.2632 0.0000
N2 462.0559 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.4354 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 15771.9673 2393.5175 26278.8039 9324.5375

b. Menghitung Output LTSC

% Total atom C output = 0.92% + 2.91% + 15.88%
= 19.30 %

Neraca Karbon
%CH₄ Output
Mol CH₄ Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
0.80 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
19.30 %
= 99.2132 kmol

%CO₂ Output
Mol CO₂ Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
18.28 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
19.30 %
= 2267.02 kmol

%CO Output
Mol CO Output = x Total atom C input
%Total atom C output
0.22 %
= x 2393.52 kmol
19.30 %
= 27.28 kmol
Atom O masuk = Atom O keluar
9324.54 kmol = Atom O pada CO + Atom O pada CO2 +
Atom O Pada H₂O
9324.54 kmol = 27,28 kmol + (2 x 2267,02) kmol +
Atom O Pada H₂O
= 9324.54 kmol - 4561.33 kmol
Atom O Pada H₂O = 4763.2124 kmol

Maka,
H2O Keluar = Atom O Pada H2O
= 4763.21 kmol

Atom H Keluar = Atom H input + (Atom H pada CH4 output +

atom H pada H₂O output)
= 26278.80 kmol - ((4 x 99,2132 kmol) +
(2 x 4763,2124 kmol))
= 26278.80 kmol - 9923.28 kmol
= 16355.5265 kmol
16355.5265 kmol
H2 Keluar =
2
= 8177.7633 kmol

Reaksi pada Low Temperature Shift Converter

CO + H2 O CO2 + H2
353.38 5114.33
326.10 326.10 326.10 326.10
27.28 4763.21 326.10 326.10

Tabel LB.32. Komposisi Output LTSC 104 D2

BM Mol Fraksi Mol Mol Massa
Komponen
kg/kmol % Yi kmol kg
CH4 16 0.628 0.0063 99.2132 1587.4106
CO 28 0.173 0.0017 27.2836 763.9413
CO2 44 14.351 0.1435 2267.0207 99748.9128
H2 O 18 30.153 0.3015 4763.2124 85737.8228
H2 2 51.768 0.5177 8177.7633 16355.5265
 N2 28 2.925 0.0292 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 40 0.003 0.0000 0.4354 17.4169
Total 100.00 1.000 15796.984 217148.5956

Tabel.LB.33.Neraca Massa LTSC

Inlet Outlet
Komponen
mol (kmol) massa (kg) mol (kmol) massa (kg)
CH4 111.7218 1787.5484 99.2132 1587.4106
CO 353.3808 9894.6630 27.2836 763.9413
CO2 1928.4149 84850.2570 2267.0207 99748.9128
H2 O 5114.3268 92057.8825 4763.2124 85737.8228
H2 7801.6316 15603.2632 8177.7633 16355.5265
N2 462.0559 12937.5646 462.0559 12937.5646
Ar 0.4354 17.4169 0.4354 17.4169
Total 15771.9673 217148.5956 15796.9845 217148.5956

% konversi = ( CO masuk - CO keluar) x 100

CO masuk
= ( 353.4061 -27.2856 )kmol x 100
353.4061 kmol
= 92.28 %
5 Neraca Energi Aktual LTSC

Tin = 205 °C LTS Tout = 226 °C

C
Q2.1 Panas Pembentukan Standar
Q2.2 Panas Reaksi Aktual
Gas Masuk LTSC Gas Keluar
Q2 Total Panas Reaksi LTSC
Q1 Panas Sensibel Gas masuk LTSC Q3 Panas Sensibel Gas Keluar LTSC
Q4 Loss

Gambar LB.6. Blok Diagram LTSC

Komposisi: kmol Komposisi: kmol

CH4 = 111.7218 CH4 = 99.2132
CO = 353.3808 CO = 27.2836
CO2 = 1928.4149 CO2 = 2267.0207
H2 = 7801.6316 H2 = 8177.7633
H2 O = 5114.3268 H2 O = 4763.2124
N2 = 462.0559 N2 = 462.0559
Ar = 0.4354 Ar = 0.4354
Total = 15771.9673 Total = 15796.9845

1. Input LTSC 104-D2

Diketahui:
Tin = 204.90 °C + 273 K = 478 K
Tout = 225.53 °C + 273 K = 499 K
Tref = 25.00 °C + 273 K = 298 K

1. Menghitung Nilai Kapasitas Panas (Cp)

Tabel LB.34. Heat Capacity
Cp
Komponen
a b c d
 CH4 19.251 0.052 1.1974E-05 -1.132E-08
CO 30.869 -0.01285 2.7892E-05 -1.272E-08
CO2 19.795 0.073436 -5.602E-05 1.7153E-08
H2 O 32.243 1.92E-03 1.0555E-05 -3.596E-09
N2 31.15 -0.01357 2.6796E-05 -1.168E-08
H2 27.143 7.3457E-07 -1.381E-05 7.6451E-09
Ar 20.804 -3.211E-05 5.1665E-08 0
Sumber: Coulson hal 948-951

CP = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 (Coulson, hal 78)

CP CH4 = 19.251 + (0.052 (478 K)) + (1.2E-05 (478 K)2) +
(-1.13E-08 (478 K)3)
= 45.661 kJ/kmol K

Tabel LB.35. Nilai CP Input LTSC

Cp
Komponen
kj/kmol K
CH4 45.661
CO 29.710
CO2 43.968
H2 O 35.181
N2 29.510
H2 24.824
Ar 20.800

2. Q1 Panas Sensibel Gas dari HTSC

Q1 CH4 = n Cp dT
= 111.73 kmol x 45.661 kj/kmol K x (478 - 298) K
= 917732.820 kJ ###
1 kJ
= 219343.650 kkal

Tabel.LB.36. Panas Sensibel Input LTSC

Mol dT Cp Q1
Komponen
kmol K kj/kmol K kkal
CH4 111.7218 45.661 219343.650
CO 353.3808 29.710 451422.663
CO2 1928.4149 43.968 3645663.515
H2 O 5114.3268 179.90 35.181 7736256.166
 179.90
N2 462.0559 29.510 586277.273
H2 7801.6316 24.824 8327079.601
Ar 0.4354 20.800 389.425
Total 15771.9673 20966432.293

2. Output LTSC 104-D2

1. Menghitung Nilai Kapasitas Panas (Cp)

CP = a + bT + cT2 + dT3
CP CH4 = 19.251 + (0.052 (499 K)) + (1.2E-05 (499 K)2) +
(-1.13E-08 (499 K)3)
= 46.811 kJ/kmol K

Tabel LB.37. Nilai CP Output LTSC

Cp
Komponen
kj/kmol K
CH4 46.811
CO 29.819
CO2 44.608
H2 O 35.380
N2 29.597
H2 24.658
Ar 20.801

2. Q2 Panas Sensibel Gas keluar LTSC

Q CH4 = n Cp dT
= 99.22 kmol x 46.811 kj/kmol K x (499 - 298) K
= 931309.802 kJ ###
1 kJ
= 222588.630 kkal

Tabel LB.38. Panas Sensibel Komponen Output LTSC

Mol dT Cp Q1
Komponen
kmol K kj/kmol K kkal
 CH4 99.2132 46.811 222588.630
CO 27.2836 29.819 38992.602
CO2 2267.0207 44.608 4846765.317
H2 O 4763.2124 200.53 35.380 8076873.018
N2 462.0559 29.597 655446.168
H2 8177.7633 24.658 9664670.827
Ar 0.4354 20.801 434.090
Total 15796.9845 23505770.652

3. Q3 Panas Reaksi
Reaksi LTSC:
CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g)
m : 353.38 5114.33
b : 326.10 326.10 326.10 326.10
s : 27.28 4788.23 326.10 326.10

a. Q3.1 Panas Pembentukan Standar

Tabel LB.39. Nilai ΔH°f 298 K

ΔH°f
Komponen
kj/kmol
CO -110620
H2 O -242000
CO2 -393770
H2 0
Sumber: Coulson hal 948-949

ΔH°r 298 K = ∑ ΔH°f produk - ∑ ΔH°f reaktan Coulson, hal 79

= (ΔH°f CO2 + ΔH°f H2) - (ΔH°f CO + ΔH°f H2O)
= (-393770 + 0) - (-110620 + (-242000))
= -41150 kJ/kmol

Q2\3.1 = n CO2 bereaksi x -(ΔH°r 298 K) Coulson, hal 79

= 326.10 kmol x 41150 kJ/kmol
= 13418899.886 kJ ###
1 kJ
 = 3207197.586 kkal

b. Q2.2 Panas Reaksi Aktual

ΔH = ∑ ΔH produk - ∑ ΔH reaktan Hougen, hal 347
= ∑ (n Cp dT) produk - ∑ (n Cp dT) reaktan
= 4529455.712 kJ - 3806786.716 kJ
= 722668.996 kJ ###
1 kJ
= 172722.226 kkal

c. Q2 Total Panas Reaksi

Q2 = Q2.1 + Q2.2
= 3207197.586 kkal + 172722.226 kkal
= 3379919.812 kkal

Tabel LB.40. Neraca Energi LTSC

Input Output
Komponen
kkal % kkal %
Q1 Panas Sensibel
20966432.293 86.12
Gas keluar HTSC
Q2 Panas Reaksi
3379919.812 13.88
Total
Q3 Panas Sensibel
23505770.652 96.55
Gas keluar LTSC
Q4 Loss 840581.454 3.45
Total 24346352.106 100 24346352.106 100

3. Menghitung Efisiensi Termal LTSC

Panas Termanfaatkan (Hougen,
% Efisiensi = x 100 %
Panas Input hal 439)
23505770.652 kkal
= x 100 %
24346352.106 kkal
= 96.55 %
 LAMPIRAN B
PERHITUNGAN DESAIN DAN AKTUAL

A. Neraca Massa Desain LTSC

Flowrate = Flowrate =
19584.02 kmol/jam 19584.02 kmol/jam
Tin = 205.00 °C LTSC Tout = 231.94 °C

Input Output
LTSC LTSC

Gambar LB.1. Blok Diagram LTSC

Komposisi: Komposisi:
CH4 = 1.08 % CH4 = 1.08 %
CO2 = 11.57 % CO2 = 13.91 %
CO = 2.52 % CO = 0.13 %
H2 O = 26.16 % H2 O = 23.88 %
N2 = 19.92 % N2 = 19.92 %
H2 = 38.51 % H2 = 40.83 %
Ar = 0.24 % Ar = 0.24 %
Total = 100.00 % Total = 100.00 %

1. Menghitung Mol Input Tiap Komponen

Mol komponen masing-masing komposisi gas
Basis 1 Jam Operasi
n total = 19584.02 kmol/jam x 1 jam
= ###
n = % mol x n total (Hougen, hal 36)
n CH4 = 1.083 % x 19584.02 kmol
= 212.17 kmol

2. Menghitung Massa Input Tiap Komponen

massa = mol x BM (Hougen, hal 30)
massa CH4 = 212.17 kmol x 16 kg/kmol
= 3394.77 kg
 Untuk komponen gas yang lain dapat di lihat pada Tabel.LB.1.
Tabel LB.1. Komposisi Input LTSC 104 D2
Mol Mol BM Massa
Komponen
% kmol kg/kmol kg
CH4 1.08 212.1733 16 3394.7724
CO2 11.57 2265.0486 44 99662.1377
CO 2.52 493.0865 28 13806.4208
H2 O 26.16 5123.7280 18 92227.1037
N2 19.92 3902.0181 28 109256.5058
H2 38.51 7541.3557 2 15082.7113
Ar 0.24 46.6100 40 1864.3987
Total 100.00 19584.0200 335294.0504

2. Output LTSC 104-D

1. Menghitung Mol Input Tiap Komponen
Mol komponen masing-masing komposisi gas dapat dihitung dengan
persamaan:
n total = 19584.02 kmol/jam x 1 jam
= ###
n = % mol x n total
n CH4 = 1.083 % x 19584.02 kmol
= 212.17 kmol

2. Menghitung Massa Input Tiap Komponen

massa = mol x BM
massa CH4 = 212.17 kmol x 16 kg/kmol
= 3394.75 kg

Komponen gas yang lain dapat dilihat pada Tabel.LB.2. dibawah ini :
Tabel LB.2. Komposisi Output LTSC 104 D
Mol Mol BM Massa
Komponen
% kmol kg/kmol kg
CH4 1.08 212.1720 16 3394.7520
CO2 13.91 2725.0732 44 119903.2221
CO 0.13 24.8500 28 695.8000
H2 O 23.88 4676.9530 18 84185.1538
N2 19.92 3902.0770 28 109258.1558
H2 40.83 7996.2830 2 15992.5660
 Ar 0.24 46.6100 40 1864.4000
Total 100.00 19584.0182 335294.0497

Tabel LB.3. Neraca Massa LTSC 104 D2

Input Output
Komponen
kmol kg kmol kg
CH4 212.17 3394.77 212.17 3394.75
CO2 2265.05 99662.14 2725.07 119903.22
CO 493.09 13806.42 24.85 695.80
H2 O 5123.73 92227.10 4676.95 84185.15
N2 3902.02 109256.51 3902.08 109258.16
H2 7541.36 15082.71 7996.28 15992.57
Ar 46.61 1864.40 46.61 1864.40
Total 19584.02 335294.05 19584.02 335294.05

3. Menghitung Konversi CO Pada LTSC 104-D

mol CO input - mol CO output (Coulson,
Konversi CO = x100%
mol CO input hal 47)
493.09 kmol - 24.85 kmol
= x 100 %
493.09 kmol
= 95.0 %
B. Neraca Energi Desain LTSC

1. Input LTSC 104-D2

Basis : 1 Jam Operasi
Diketahui:
Tin = 205.00 °C + 273 K = 478 K
Tout = 231.94 °C + 273 K = 505 K
Tref = 25.00 °C + 273 K = 298 K

Tabel LB.4. Komposisi Input LTSC

mol
Komponen
kmol
CH4 212.173
CO 493.086
CO2 2265.049
H2 O 5123.728
N2 3902.018
H2 7541.356
Ar 46.610

1. Menghitung Nilai Kapasitas Panas (Cp)

Tabel LB.5. Heat Capacity
Cp
Komponen
a b c d
CH4 19.251 0.052 1.1974E-05 -1.132E-08
CO 30.869 -0.01285 2.7892E-05 -1.272E-08
CO2 19.795 0.073436 -5.602E-05 1.7153E-08
H2 O 32.243 1.92E-03 1.0555E-05 -3.596E-09
N2 31.15 -0.01357 2.6796E-05 -1.168E-08
H2 27.143 7.3457E-07 -1.381E-05 7.6451E-09
Ar 20.804 -3.211E-05 5.1665E-08 0
Sumber: Coulson hal 948-951

CP = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 (Coulson, hal 78)

CP CH4 = 19.251 + (0.052 (478 K)) + (1.2E-05 (478 K)2) +
 (-1.13E-08 (478 K)3)
= 45.667 kJ/kmol K

Tabel LB.6. Nilai CP Input LTSC

Cp
Komponen
kj/kmol K
CH4 45.667
CO 29.710
CO2 43.971
H2 O 35.181
N2 29.510
H2 24.823
Ar 20.800

2. Q1 Panas Sensibel Gas dari HTSC

Q1 CH4 = n Cp dT
= 212.173 kmol x 45.661 kj/kmol K x (478 - 298) K
= 1744068.539 kJ ###
1 kJ
= 416842.845 kkal

Tabel LB.7. Panas Sensibel Komponen Input LTSC

Mol dT Cp Q1
Komponen
kmol K kj/kmol K kkal
CH4 212.17 45.667 416842.845
CO 493.09 29.710 630249.115
CO2 2265.05 43.971 4284757.157
H2 O 5123.73 180.00 35.181 7754995.691
N2 3902.02 29.510 4953875.875
H2 7541.36 24.823 8053489.818
Ar 46.61 20.800 41709.306
Total 19584.02 26135919.808
2. Output LTSC 104-D2
1. Menghitung Nilai Kapasitas Panas (Cp)
CP = a + bT + cT2 + dT3
CP CH4 = 19.251 + (0.052 (505 K)) + (1.2E-05 (505 K)2) +
(-1.13E-08 (505 K)3)
= 47.167 kJ/kmol K

Tabel LB.8. Nilai CP Output LTSC

Cp
Komponen
kj/kmol K
CH4 47.167
CO 29.854
CO2 44.801
H2 O 35.443
N2 29.626
H2 24.607
Ar 20.801

2. Q2 Panas Sensibel Gas keluar LTSC

Q CH4 = n Cp dT
= 212.173 kmol x 47.167 kj/kmol K x (505 - 298) K
= 2070959.453 kJ ###
1 kJ
= 494971.735 kkal

Tabel LB.9. Panas Sensibel Komponen Output LTSC

Mol dT Cp Q1
Komponen
kmol K kj/kmol K kkal
CH4 212.17 47.167 494971.735
CO 24.85 29.854 36693.395
CO2 2725.07 44.801 6038358.438
H2 O 4676.95 206.94 35.443 8198639.625
 206.94
N2 3902.08 29.626 5717765.085
H2 7996.28 24.607 9731778.917
Ar 46.61 20.801 47952.992
Total 19584.02 30266160.187

3. Q3 Panas Reaksi
Reaksi LTSC:
CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g)
m : 493.09 5123.73
b : 468.24 468.24 468.24 468.24
s : 24.85 4655.49 468.24 468.24

a. Q3.1 Panas Pembentukan Standar

Tabel LB.10. Nilai ΔH°f 298 K
ΔH°f
Komponen
kj/kmol
CO -110620
H2 O -242000
CO2 -393770
H2 0
Sumber: Coulson hal 948-949

ΔH°r 298 K = ∑ ΔH°f produk - ∑ ΔH°f reaktan Coulson, hal 79

= (ΔH°f CO2 + ΔH°f H2) - (ΔH°f CO + ΔH°f H2O)
= (-393770 + 0) - (-110620 + (-242000))
= -41150 kJ/kmol

Q2\3.1 = n CO2 bereaksi x -(ΔH°r 298 K) Coulson, hal 79

= 468.24 kmol x 41150 kJ/kmol
= 19267930.148 kJ ###
1 kJ
= 4605150.913 kkal

b. Q2.2 Panas Reaksi Aktual

ΔH = ∑ ΔH produk - ∑ ΔH reaktan Hougen, hal 347
= ∑ (n Cp dT) produk - ∑ (n Cp dT) reaktan
 = 6725371.233 kJ - 5469250.787 kJ
= 1256120.446 kJ ###
1 kJ
= 300220.323 kkal

c. Q2 Total Panas Reaksi

Q2 = Q2.1 + Q2.2
= 4605150.913 kkal + 300220.323 kkal
= 4905371.236 kkal

Tabel LB.11. Neraca Energi LTSC

Input Output
Komponen
kkal % kkal %
Q1 Panas Sensibel
26135919.808 84.20
Gas keluar HTSC
Q2 Panas Reaksi
4905371.236 15.80
Total
Q3 Panas Sensibel
30266160.187 97.50
Gas keluar LTSC
Q4 Loss 775130.857 2.50
Total 31041291.044 100 31041291.044 100

3. Menghitung Efisiensi Termal LTSC

Panas Termanfaatkan (Hougen,
% Efisiensi = x 100 %
Panas Input hal 439)
30266160.187 kkal
= x 100 %
31041291.044 kkal
= 98 %