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Flash and Fire Point

The document discusses flash point and fire point testing of petroleum fractions. Flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors will ignite briefly when exposed to an open flame. Fire point is the temperature at which the vapors continue burning after the flame source is removed. The objective is to determine the flash and fire points of asphalt materials using a Cleveland Open Cup apparatus. The procedure involves heating the sample and passing a test flame across the cup at 5 degree intervals. The flash point is the temperature when a flash is observed, and the fire point is when the sample ignites and continues burning. The results found the flash point to be 256 degrees C and fire point to be 270 degrees C, indicating the asphalt

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1K views

Flash and Fire Point

The document discusses flash point and fire point testing of petroleum fractions. Flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors will ignite briefly when exposed to an open flame. Fire point is the temperature at which the vapors continue burning after the flame source is removed. The objective is to determine the flash and fire points of asphalt materials using a Cleveland Open Cup apparatus. The procedure involves heating the sample and passing a test flame across the cup at 5 degree intervals. The flash point is the temperature when a flash is observed, and the fire point is when the sample ignites and continues burning. The results found the flash point to be 256 degrees C and fire point to be 270 degrees C, indicating the asphalt

Uploaded by

Nur Syahida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flash and Fire Point

Theory/Background
Flash point :
Flash point of petroleum fractions is the lowest temperature at which vapours arising from the
oil will ignite , flash , when exposed to a spark or flame under specific conditions. Therefore,
the flash point of fuel indicate the maximum temperature that it can be stored without serious
fire hazard.
Fire point :
Fire point of petroleum fractions is the lowest temperature at which vapors arising from oil
will ignite, i.e ,fire ,when exposed to a spark or flame under specific conditions. Therefore ,
the fire point of a fuel indicate the maximum temperature that its must not arrival to it to
prevent the combustion of the petroleum fractions.

Introduction
This experiment cover the determination of the flash and fire of all petroleum except fuel oils
and those having an open cup flash below 79 C . This test is significant to its purpose .
Usually , the results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes
into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a
particular end use.

Objective
This experiment is to obtain the temperature level of the asphalt materials for flash and fire
point. This is to know its optimum temperature level. The flash point of cutback asphalt is
generally determined by the use of a Tagliabue Open Cup apparatus , whereas the Cleveland
Open Cup is used for flash point determination on other asphaltic materials.

Apparatus
1. Cleveland Open Cup Apparatus
-This apparatus consists of the cup , heating plate, test flame applicator, heater and
support .

2. Shield
-A shield 460mm (18inc) square and 610mm (24inc) high and having an open front is
recommended.
3. Thermometer
-A thermometer having a range -6 to +400 °C and conforming to the requirements
prescribed in specification.

Procedure
1) First , fill the cup at any convenient temperature so that the top of the meniscus is
exactly at the filling line.

2) Then light the test flame and adjust it to a diameter of 3.2 to 4.8 mm (1/8 to 3/16in),
the size of the comprasion bead if one is mounted on apparatus.

3) Apply heat initially , the rate of temperature rise of sample is 25 to 30 °F (14 °C to


17 °C) /min. When the sample temperature is approximately 100 °F (56 °C) below
the anticipated flash point, decrease the heat so that the rate of temperature rise for the
last 50 °F (28 °C) before the flash point is 9 to 11 °F (5 to 6 °C)/min.

4) Starting at least 50 °F (28 °C ) below the flash point, apply the test flame when the
temperature read on the thermometer reaches each successive 5 °F (2 °C) mark. Pass
the test flame across the center of the cup, at right angles to the diameter, which
passes through the thermometer. With a smooth, continuous motion apply the flame
either in a straight line or along the circumference of a circle having a radius of at
least 150mm (6m). The center of test flame must move in horizontal plane not more
than 2mm (5/64in). above the plane of the upper edge of the cup and passing in one
direction only. At the time of the next test flame application , pass the flame in the
opposite direction. The time consumed in passing the test flame across the cup in each
case shall be about 1 s.

5) Record as the observed flash point the temperature read on the thermometer when a
flash appears at any point on the surface of the surface of the bluish halo that
sometimes surround the test flame.
6) To determine the fire point, continue heating so that the sample temperature increase
at a rate of 9 to 11 °F (5 to 6 °C)/min. Continue the application of the test flame at 5
°F (2 °C) intervals until the oil ignites. This point is observed fire point of the oil.

Results

Flash point ( °C ) 256°

Fire point ( °C ) 270°

Discussion

1. What is possible source of error during test ?

- One people in group will take the wrong reading of the result.
- Not aware during the test

Conclusion

From the laboratory test we did on the bitumen in Flash and Fire Point, the result we
obtained is, Flash temperature is 256°C , and the Fire Point temperature is 270°C.
And comparing to recommended values is that the minimum value of flash point is
175°C for all grades of bitumen. So , we can conclude that the bitumen we tested is
suitable to be use for road contruction.

Reference

1) https://www.academia.edu/18788723/FLASH_AND_FIRE_POINT_TEST
2) http://cittumkur.org/manuals/mech/Energy.pdf
3) https://www.slideshare.net/tanyatanya378537/flash-and-fire-point-82054361
4) DCC3122 Geotechnical And Highway Laboratory Book

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