TUTORIAL REPORT
PHYSIOLOGY AND WORK MEASUREMENT
WORK PHYSIOLOGY
Group : IP4 Tutorial Date : 13 September
2018
Name / NIM : Fahrul Tutorial Day : Thursday
Asshiddiqi Submission :
(17522169) Day
M. Rizki
Hafidzarahma
n (17522183)
Class : IP
Assistant : Oktavira Revi Yogyakarta,.............................2018
Pertiwi
Scoring Criteria (filled by assistant)
Report Format :
Assistant
Tutorial Objectives & :
Task
Literature Review :
Input : ( )
Output :
Conclusion, Attachment, :
& Bibliography
TOTAL :
WORK SYSTEM DESIGN AND ERGONOMIC LABORATORY
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITAS
ISLAM INDONESIA
2018
CHAPTER I
WORK PHYSIOLOGY
1.1 Tutorial Objectives
1. Students able to understand the concept of physical workload measurement
using pulse method and %CVL.
2. Students able to calculate the energy expenditure at based on up and down stairs
with load 5 kilograms to know the intensity of the heart rate.
3. Students able to decide ideal resting time based on the amount of energy released
when working.
4. Students able to determine the necessary energy consumption using equations
based on heart rate.
5. Students doing observation activity using spirometer used 2 object with different
characteristic.
1.2 Tutorial Task
1. Measure the physical workload with 10 pulse method,% CVL, and Brouha.
2. Measure the energy that released from the body and the ideal resting time.
3. Know and analyze the output results of the Spirometer tool.
1.3 Literature Review
Table 1. Literature Review
No Title Method Result Conclusion
.
1. Physical A community- (Participation This study
Workload, based Rate and indicates that
Work epidemiological Characteristic hotel room
Intensification study of health s of the Study cleaners are
, and working Population) a highrisk
and conditions was Out of the group for
Prevalence of conducted in eligible study painful and
Pain in Low 2002 in Las population of disabling
Vegas, 1,276 room
Wage as a cleaners, 941 work-related
Workers: collaborative completed the MSDs.
Results From effort of the survey Rates of
a Participatory CulinaryWorker (response rate occupational
Research s Union Local 74%). All injury may
Project With 226 (Hotel but 10 far exceed
Hotel Room Employees and respondents national rates
Cleaners in Restaurant were women, for
Las Vegas Employees and most were hospitality
Union) in middle-aged workers and
Las Vegas, the (mean age 41.7 service
Labor years, SD workers in
Occupational 9.59), racial- general, and
Health Program ethnic there
(LOHP) minorities is a pressing
at the University (76% Latina, need for
of California, 6% African worksite
Berkeley, and American, 5% prevention.
the Department Filipino, 5% Our
of Medicine at Asian/ analyses
the University of Pacific demonstrate
California, San Islander), and that these
Francisco. immigrants measures
The study was (85%), with have high
initiated by the less than a high face and
union, which school predictive
was concerned education validity, and
that increasing (65%). The they also
injury rates and vast majority point to
health plan costs had at least one specific
reflected child (95%), worksite
and 59% had at
changes in the least one child changes that
work or elder who can be
environment of needed care. proposed,
hotel workers. Years of implemented
The union working as a , and
asked university room cleaner monitored
researchers to ranged from by labor and
find out if there 6 months to 46 management.
could be a link years (average
between 7.7 years, SD
working 5.6, median
conditions, work 6.6 years).
intensification,
and workrelated
pain and injury.
2. Effects of A list of pairs of Performance, Subjective
different numbers was specifically the workload
physical created for each number of assessment
workload operation correct techniques
parameters on using a random arithmetic are appealing
mental number responses, was since they
workload and generator. dependent on are easy to
performance Random the difficulty of use and
ordering of the involve
these lists was mental task minimal
used for all (Fig. 1), and interference
conditions significantly with the task
involving the decreased for being
same each performed.
operation. increase in Existing
Learning or difficulty.
practice effects Within each subjective
within the mental assessment
experiment, workload level, tools created
due to lack of the number of for one
familiarity with correct domain
performing responses appear
mental significantly to be useful
arithmetic, were decreased when
reduced by with increasing evaluating
providing levels of multi-task
participants an physical situations
opportunity to workload. Post requiring
familiarize hoc substantial
themselves with analyses, mental and
the mental tasks however, physical
by completing indicated a activity,
sample non-significant although
problems. A difference further
practice session between the research is
was low and needed to
also provided to medium verify these
allow the physical results for
participants to workload other age
familiarize levels. The groups and
themselves with effect of the types of
the lifting tasks. interaction mental and
Participants between physical
were not physical and activity. In
instructed to use mental general,
any specific workload was simple scales
lifting technique, not significant used to
although (p ¼ 0.99). assess
they were physical and
instructed to Perceived mental
grasp the physical workloads,
handles of the workload, as the Borg
boxes with assessed by the CR10 Scale
both hands. The Borg and the
subjective CR10 Scale, mental
workload significantly demand
assessment increased with dimension of
scales physical the NASA-
were explained workload TLX,
following the level (Fig. 2). respectively,
practice session Furthermore, were
and prior to differences sensitive
the execution of between the to changes in
the experimental means demands
conditions. at each level of within their
When instructed physical respective
to begin, the workload were domains
participant lifted significant. No without
a box effect was being
from the floor evident with substantially
and placed it in a changes in influenced
target zone mental by
(700mm_440 workload concurrent
mm) on a table. (p ¼ 0.91) and tasks.
The participant the interaction
then effect was not
lowered a significant
second box from (p ¼ 0.51).
the table and
placed it in a
similar target
zone on the floor
left vacant by
the first box.
3. Ergonomics in The The luggage The results
justified the
Practice: measurements of handling tasks
following
Physical the work load encompassed main
conclusions:
Workload and factors were the loading and
1. In
Heat Stress in carried out unloading of Thailand,
physiological
Thailand during habitual luggage of
strain during
work tasks and various weights auxiliary
type jobs is
environmental and sizes both
high and
conditions and to and from may result in
negative
were not containers
consequence
affected by the (19% of s for health,
safety, well-
research team. work time), the
being, and
Heat stress was sorting of productivity.
2.
evaluated by the luggage (38%
Physiologica
Wet Bulb Globe of working l strain is due
to both
Temperature time). The
heavy
(WBGT) remaining dynamic
muscular
index (Standard work time was
work and
No. ISO 7243; spent on high heat
stress.
ISO, 1982). official breaks
3. In many
Heart rate (HR) or in waiting jobs
immediate
was measured (standing,
measures for
by a BHL6000 sitting, reducing
excessive
system (Bauman walking) for
strain are
& Haldi, 1992), arriving and needed.
4.
which consists departing
Physiologica
of three flights. The l strain can
be reduced
disposable cleaning of by using
more
electrodes aircrafts and
technical
connected to a the aids,
improving
data logger with handling of
the thermal
a registration pillows, environment,
and
capacity blankets, and
introducing
of 24 hrs. The bins amounted efficient
work-rest
HR data were to 9 and 18%,
regimens.
collected in an respectively,
8-pulse mode of all work
(averaging HR time.
over 8 beats)
and expressed in
beats/min.
1.4 Input
1.4.1 Subject Description
Name : Muhammad Rizki Hafidzarahman
Age : 20 y.o
Gender : Male
Weight : 76 Kg
Height : 174 Cm
BMI Category : Overweight
Disease History : -
1.4.2 Object Description
Table 2. CVL Method
Working Time for 10 pulse (second) Pulse (bits per
Time(minute) minute)
Resting Pulse Working Pulse Rest Work
3 8 5 75 120
4 8 4 75 150
6 8 4 75 150
Table 3. Brouha Method
Resting Working Brouha Calculation Brouha Calculation
Time Time (in 30 second) P1,P2,P3 (second per
(minute) (minute) minute)
1 2 3 1 2 3
4 40 37 35 80 74 70
3
4 4 43 35 33 86 70 68
4 6 45 35 27 90 74 54
1.5 Output
1.5.1 Cardiovascular Load (% CVL) Calculation
100 𝑥 (𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒
%CVL for the load lifting in 3 minutes
100 𝑥 (120 − 75)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
200 − 75
= 36%
%CVL for the load lifting in 4 minutes
100 𝑥 (150 − 75)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
200 − 75
= 60%
%CVL for the load lifting in 6 minutes
100 𝑥 (150 − 75)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
200 − 75
= 60%
1.5.2 Energy Expenditure Calculation
Energy expenditure of lifting in 3 minutes
130 − 120 7.5 − 𝑥
=
130 − 110 7.5 − 5.0
X = 6. 25
Energy expenditure of lifting in 4 minutes
150 − 150 10 − 𝑥
=
150 − 130 10 − 7.5
X = 8. 875
Energy expenditure of lifting in 6 minutes
150 − 150 10 − 𝑥
=
150 − 130 10 − 7.5
X = 8. 875
1.5.3 Rest Time Calculation
Resting time of lifting in 3 minutes
Ts = 3, M = 6. 25
6.25 − 5
𝑇𝑟 = 2 | |
6.25 − 1.5
1.25
𝑇𝑟 = 2 | |
4.75
= 0.526 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
Resting time of lifting in 4 minutes
Ts = 4, M = 8.875
8.875 − 5
𝑇𝑟 = 4 | |
8.875 − 1.5
3.875
𝑇𝑟 = 4 | |
7.375
= 2.102 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
Resting time of lifting in 6 minutes
Ts = 6, M = 8.875
8.875 − 5
𝑇𝑟 = 6 | |
7.375 − 1.5
3.875
𝑇𝑟 = 6 | |
7.375
= 3.152 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
1.5.4 Brouha Calculation
3 minutes
P1 - P3 = 80- 70
= 10
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
4 minutes
P1 - P3 = 86 - 68
= 18
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
6 minutes
P1 - P3 = 90-54
= 36
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
1.5.5 Cardiovascular Load ( % CVL) Analysis
Table 4. CVL Classification
%CVL Treatment
X≤ 30% No fatigue
30 < X ≤ 60% Need to be improve
60 < X ≤ 80% Work in short time
80 < X ≤ 100% Action immediately
X> 100% Not allowed to do activity
The percentage of cardiovascular load when the work duration is at 3 minutes is
36%, it means that it is need to be improved. The percentage of CVL when the work
duration is at 4 minutes is 60% so, it means that it is not really good and the operator
could treat this situation with working in short time. The percentage of
cardiovascular when the work duration is at 6 minutes is 60% so, it means that it is
not really good and the operator could treat this situation with working in short time.
Individual performance and production output depend on being able to sustain
workload over a period of time, which depends on both individual capacity and type
of tasks performed (Markus, 2016). Thus, we conclude when the load heavier and
time longer it will be effected to the operator.
1.5.6 Energy Expenditure and Rest Time Analysis
Table 5. Classification of Workload and Physiological Reactions
Oxygen
Workload Energy Expenditure Pulse Rate
Consumption
Classification
Kcal/minute Pulse/minute Litre/minute
Light <2.5 <90 <0.5
Moderate 2.5 - 5.0 90 - 110 0.5 - 1.0
Heavy 5.0 – 7.5 110 – 130 1.0 – 1.5
Very Heavy 7.5 – 10.00 130 – 150 1.5 – 2.0
Extremely >10.00 150 – 170 >2.0
Heavy
After we analyzed the expenditure energy, the results are when the time at 3
minutes, working pulse is 120, we got the energy expenditure is 6.25 Kkal/seconds
then the level of work classified as heavy, at 4 minutes, when the working pulse
shows 150 and it shows the energy expenditure is 8.875 Kkal/seconds means that
the level of work is light, and at 6 minutes, when the working pulse shows 150, so
the energy expenditure is 8.875 Kkal/seconds the level of work is classified as
moderate. Related to the practice in the tutorial last week, resting time when the
operator did the tutorial is enough because it was more that the ideal time for the
work.
1.5.7 Brouha Analysis
Table 6. Workload Classification Table with Brouha Method
Criteria Workload Classification
P1 – P3≥ 10 ppm and P1, P2, and P3≤90 ppm Normal
P1 – P3≥10 ppm and P1≤110 ppm Not excessive
P1 – P3< 10 ppm and P3> 90 ppm Heavy (need to design work system)
In this tutorial, we also did analyzing using Brouha Method. That one is, when
at 3 minutes the result of P1-P3 is 10 and P1, P2, P3 below 90 bpm, it means that
that the condition of the subject are normal. For the other condition at 4 minutes the
result of P1-P3 is 18 and P1,P2,P3 are below 90 bpm, it shows that the classification
of workload is in normal curves. The last result when the operator did lifting in 6
minutes, P1-P3 is 36 and P1,P2,P3 are below 90 bpm, it means that the classification
of the workload is also in normal curves.
1.5.8 Overall Analysis
From the %CVL calculation, it shows that the heartbeat will affect the result of
CVL, the faster the heartbeat is it will make the %CVL higher. It also happened for
energy expenditure, when the heartbeat is faster, it makes the energy expenditure
higher. The resting time, calculate by the total time shift work and the energy
expenditure. The factors which may affect the calculation in this experiment mainly
in Brouha method is the weight of the operator and the load, the temperature of the
room, work time intensity, the health of operator who should be under 40 years old
with a fit condition and have good nutrition for his body, also not smoking. From
the experiment, the operator was in a good condition, no smoking, and has good
nutrition for his body, so it can be said that he is healthy (William, 1998).
1.5.9 Spirometer Output Analysis
From the spirometer analysis we can differentiate between two subjects which
is normal people and smoker people. In the picture 1 & 2 are the result from normal
people and picture 3 & 4 are the result from smoker people. Based on the result
prediction from spirometer and the real result from the subject both of them are not
appropriate with the prediction from spirometer. From the smoker subject, FVC 86%
from the prediction, FEV1 67% from the prediction, FEV1/FVC 79% from the
prediction, PEF 38% from prediction, and FEF25-75 49% from the prediction. In
this case the subject has asthma disease and the weight is too over. The loss of lung
volume plays a central role in determining the dysfunction of the asthmatic lung as
measured by FEV. (Charles, 2009)
From the smoker subject, FVC 96% from the prediction, FEV1 88% from the
prediction, FEV1/FVC 94% from the prediction, PEF 38% from prediction, and
FEF25-75 76% from the prediction. Smoking decreased pulmonary function
including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second
(FEV), FEV/FVC, and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (FEF25–75%). Cigarette
smoking causes deficits in both FEV1/FVC and FEF which indicate airway
obstruction and small airway disease in adult smoker (Tantisuwat. A, 2014). Thus,
smoking caused lungs can’t maximal to work.
1.6 Conclusion
a. %CVL for the load lifting in 3 minutes, with working pulse 120 is 36%,
means it need to be improve.
b. %CVL for the load lifting in 4 minutes, with working pulse 150 is 60%,
means it need to be improve.
c. %CVL for the load lifting in 6 minutes, with working pulse 150 is 60%,
means it need to be improve
a. Resting time of lifting in 3 minutes with energy expenditure 6.25 is 0.526
minutes.
b. Resting time of lifting in 4 minutes with energy expenditure 8.875 is 2.102
minutes or no need to take a rest.
c. Resting time of lifting in 6 minutes with energy expenditure 8.875 is 3.152
minutes.
Workload criteria in 3 minutes lifting
P1 - P3 = 80-70
= 10
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
Workload criteria in 4 minutes lifting
P1 - P3 = 86-68
= 18
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
Workload criteria in 6 minutes lifting
P1 - P3 = 90-54
= 36
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
Reference
Bashael, A. (2012). Effect of Physical and Mental Workload Interactions on
Human Attentional Resources and Performance. Brunel University
Charles, G. (2008). Physiologic Dysfunction of the Asthmatic Lung. ATS
Journal, 6 (3).
Koach, M. (2016). Heavy Physical Work: Cardiovascular Load in Male
Construction Workers. Environmental Research and Public Health, 26
(4), 356.
Krause, N. (2005). Physical Workload, Work Intensification, and Prevalence
of Pain in Low Wage Workers: Results From a Participatory Research
Project With Hotel Room Cleaners in Las Vegas. American Journal of
Industrial Medicine.
Tantisuwat, A. (2014). Effects of Smoking on Chest Expansion, Lung Function,
and Respiratory Muscle Strength of Youths. Physical Therapy Science, 26
(2), 167 – 170.
William, C. (1998). Advances in Prevention and Education in Lung Disease.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 157 (4).
Yoopat, P. (2015). Ergonomics in Practice: Physical Workload and Heat
Stress in Thailand. International Journal of Occupational Safety and
Ergonomics.
Attachment
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3
Picture 4 Picture 5
