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KPK Mathematics

The document discusses algebraic manipulation involving finding the highest common factor (HCF) and least common factor (LCF) of polynomials. It provides examples of finding the HCF of polynomials by finding their common factors. The document also discusses finding the lowest common multiple (LCM) of polynomials by finding their common and non-common factors. It demonstrates this through examples and proves a theorem relating the HCF, LCM, and the product of the original polynomials.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
854 views15 pages

KPK Mathematics

The document discusses algebraic manipulation involving finding the highest common factor (HCF) and least common factor (LCF) of polynomials. It provides examples of finding the HCF of polynomials by finding their common factors. The document also discusses finding the lowest common multiple (LCM) of polynomials by finding their common and non-common factors. It demonstrates this through examples and proves a theorem relating the HCF, LCM, and the product of the original polynomials.

Uploaded by

Ali Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 6.

1
88
Chapter 6
2x

Chapter 6 x  2 2x  7x  6
2

2 x 2  4 x
3x  6
HCF = x  2
Algebraic Manipulation  3x  6
Highest Common Factor: Highest common Example 4: Find HCF of x3  6x2  11x  6 ,
factor of two or more polynomials is the highest 3x3  5x2  6x  4 and 3x3  5x2  6 x  2
degree polynomial that can divide these Sol: Given P= x3  6x2  11x  6 ,
polynomials exactly.
Q= 3x3  5x2  6x  4 & R = 3x3  5x2  6 x  2
Least Common Factor: Least common factor of
1
two or more polynomials is the lowest degree
polynomial which is exactly divisible by these
3x  5 x  6 x  4 3x  5 x  6 x  2
3 2 3 2

polynomials. 3x3 5 x 2  6 x 4
Example 1: Find HCF of x2  y 2 & x2  xy 2 10 x 2  12 x  2
Sol: Given x  y & x  xy
2 2 2

5x2  6 x  1
Take x 2  y 2   x  y  x  y  3x  7
Now x 2  xy  x  x  y  5 x  6 x  1 3x  5 x  6 x  4
2 3 2

HCF = x  y 5
Example 2: Find HCF of ax2  5ax  6a , 15 x3  25 x 2  30 x  20
ax3  9ax2  14ax & 15a  x 2  4  15 x3 18 x 2  3x
Sol: Given ax2  5ax  6a , ax3  9ax2  14ax  7 x 2  27 x  20
& 15a  x 2  4  Take 5
ax 2  5ax  6a  a  x 2  5 x  6  35 x 2  135 x  100
 a  x 2  3x  2 x  6 35 x 2  42 x 7
 a  x  x  3  2  x  3 93 93x  93
 a  x  2  x  3 x 1
ax  9ax  14ax  ax  x  9 x  14
3 2 2
5x  1
 ax  x 2  7 x  2 x  14
x  1 5x  6 x  1
2

5 x 2 5 x
 ax  x  x  7   2  x  7 
 x 1
 ax  x  2  x  7 
x 1
15a  x 2  4   15a  x 2  22 
HCF of Q And R is x  1
 15a  x  2  x  2 
Now to check x  1 is also HCF of P
HCF = a  x  2  x2  5x  6
Example: Find HCF of 2 x3  7 x2  4 x  4 x  1 x 3  6 x 2  11x  6
and 2x3  9x2  11x  2 x3 x2
Sol: Given 2 x3  7 x2  4 x  4 and  5 x 2  11x
2x3  9x2  11x  2 using division method 5x2  5x
1
2 x  7 x  4 x  4 2 x  9 x  11x  2
3 2 3 2 6x  6
 HCF of P,Q &R is x  1
2 x3  7 x 2  4 x 4 6 x 6
2 x2  7 x  6 Exp 5: Find LCM of x2  4 x  4 & x 2  5x  6
x Sol: Given x2  4 x  4 and x 2  5x  6
2x  7x  6 2x  7 x  4x  4
2 3 2
Take x2  4 x  4  x2  2.x.2  22
2 x3  7 x 2  6 x   x  2    x  2  x  2 
2

2 2 x  4
and x 2  5x  6  x2  3x  2 x  6
x2

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.1
89
Chapter 6
 x  x  3  2 x  x  3  2x  6
  x  2  x  3 x 1 2 x  5x  3
2

LCM = common x non common 2 x2 2x


  x  2    x  2  x  3  3x  3
  x  2  x  3 3x  3
2

Exp 6: Find LCM of x 2  4 x  3 , x 2  3x  2 HCF = x  1


and x 2  5x  6 A B
L
Sol: Given P= x 2  4 x  3 , Q= x 2  3x  2 & H
R= x 2  5x  6
L
 x  6 x  11x  6  x3  4 x  3
3 2

Take P= x2  4x  3  x2  3x 1x  3 x 1
 x  x  3   1 x  3  Divide any polynomial by HCF
  x  1 x  3 x2  x  3
x  1 x3  4x  3
Now Q = x2  3x  2  x2  2x  1x  2
 x  x  2   1 x  2  x3 x2
  x  1 x  2  x2  4 x  3
And R = x2  5x  6  x2  2 x  3x  6 x2 x
 x  x  3  2  x  3  3x  3
  x  3 x  2  3x  3
Common factor of P & Q = x  1  L   x3  6 x 2  11x  6  x 2  x  3
Common factor of Q & R = x  2
Common factor of R & P = x  3 Example 8: Find HCF and LCM of
LCM = common x non common 3x3  2x2  3x  2 and 6 x3  7 x2  x  2
  x  1 x  2  x  3 Sol: 3x3  2x2  3x  2 & 6 x3  7 x2  x  2
Theorem: if A and B are two given polynomials 2
and their HCF and LCM are represented by H 3x  2 x  3x  2 6 x  7 x  x  2
3 2 3 2

and L respectively then A B  H  L


6 x3 4 x 2 6 x  4
Proof: H is a common factors of A and B,
Let A
a and B
b clearly 1 3x 2  5 x  2
H H
A  H  a ………(1) and B  H  b ………(2) 3x 2  5 x  2
Since LCM= common x non-common factors x 1
i.e. L  H  a  b Multiply both sides by H 3x  5 x  2 3x  2 x  3x  2
2 3 2

H  L  H  H  ab 3x3 5 x 2  2 x
H  L  H  a  H  b multiplication commutes
H  L  A B From eq (1) and eq (2) 3x 2  5 x  2
Exp7: Find LCM of x  6 x  11x  6 & x  4 x  3
3 2 3 3x 2 5 x  2
Sol: Given x  6 x  11x  6 and x  4 x  3 HCF = 3x2  5x  2
3 2 3

1 A B
x 3  4 x  3 x 3  6 x 2  11x  6 L
x3 4x  3 H
3 6 x 2  15 x  9
L
 3x  2 x 2  3 x  2  6 x3  7 x 2  x  2 
3

2 x2  5x  3 3x 2  5 x  2
x5 Already HCF is divided by one of polynomial
2 x 2  5 x  3 x3  4x  3
L   x  1  6 x3  7 x 2  x  2 
2
2 x3  8x  6 Example 9: if HCF and LCM of two
2 x 5 x  3x polynomials are x  3 & x3  9 x2  26 x  24
3 2

5 x 2  11x  6 respectively. Find polynomial when one


2
polynomial is x 2  5x  6
10 x 2  22 x  12
Sol: Given HCF = x  3 & P = x 2  5x  6
10 x 2 25 x  15
3 3x  3 And LCM x3  9x2  26x  24
x 1 Since H x L = P x Q
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics
Exercise 6.1
90
Chapter 6
H L Either numbers P and Q take pair (1,9)
Q putting the values
P P = 12 1  12 Q = 12  9  108
 x  3  x3  9 x 2  26 x  24  or numbers P and Q take pair (3,7)
Q
x2  5x  6 P = 12  3  36 Q = 12  7  84
x4 Rule 1: Highest Common Factor:
x  5 x  6 x  9 x  26 x  24
2 3 2
4  22
6  23 Only common factors
x 3
5x  6 x
2

HCF  2
 4 x 2  20 x  24
Rule2: Least Common Factor:
4 x 2  20 x 24 4  22
 Q   x  3 x  4   x  7 x  12
2 6  23
LCM  2  2  3  12
Hence second polynomial = x2  7 x  12
LCM = common factors x non-common factors
Example 10: If HCF and LCM of two AB  H L
polynomials are x  1 and x3  4 x2  x  6 4  6  2  12
respectively. Find polynomials of 24  24 Satisfied
degree 2.
Exercise 6.1
Sol: HCF = x  1 & LCM = x3  4 x2  x  6
Q1. Find H.C.F of following by factorization method.
Since L  H  non-common factors so,
 
2

x2  5x  6 i). x  6 and x2  36
x  1 x3  4 x 2  x  6  
2
Solution: given x  6 and x2  36
 x3 x2 First of all factorize polynomials,
5x  x  6  x  6   x  6 x  6
2 2

 5x2 5x Now x2  36
6x  6 x2  62   x  6 x  6
6 x 6 So HCF of the given polynomials x  6
Then L  H  non-common factors, putting
ii). x4  y 4 and x4  2x2 y2  y 4
x  4 x 2  x  6   x  1  x 2  5 x  6 
3
Solution: First we have to factorize
  x  1  x  3x  2 x  6 
   y 
2 2 2
x 4  y 4  x2 2

  x  1  x  x  3  2  x  3 Take   x  y  x  y 
2 2 2 2

  x  1 x  2  x  3   x  y   x  y  x  y 
2 2

P   x  1 x  3 Q   x  1 x  2 
Now
 x  3x  x  3
2
 x  2 x  1x  2
2
x 4  2x2 y2  y 4  x2  
2
 2 x2   y    y 2 2
2

 x2  2x  3  x2  x  2
 
2
 x2  y 2
Which are the required polynomial of degree 2
 x 2
 y2  x 2
 y2 
Example 11: the sum of numbers is 120
and their HCF is 12 find the numbers. So the HCF of given polynomials x  y  2 2

Sol; Given that HCF = 12, So iii). x  3, x 2  9,  x  3
2

Two number are P = 12x & Q = 12y with


Solution: factorize the given polynomials
x & y are non-common prime fraters First x  3  x  3
From the 1st set of fact P + Q =120 Second x2  9  x2  32
Putting the values of P and Q   x  3 x  3
12 x  12 y  120
Third  x  3   x  3 x  3
2

x  y  12
HCF = x  3
Now we find two non-common factors
iv): 2332  x  y   x  2 y  ,
3 2
whose sum is 10, all the possibilities are
(1,9) , (2,8), (3,7), (4,6), (5,5) 2332  x  y   x  2 y  & 32  x  y   x  2 y 
2 3 2

There are (1,9) and (3,7) non-common factors

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.1
91
Chapter 6
Sol: Given 2332  x  y   x  2 y  , Solution: 2x5  4x4  6x and
3 2

x5  x4  3x3  3x2
2332  x  y   x  2 y  & 32  x  y   x  2 y 
2 3 2

x5  x 4  3x3  3x 2 2 x5  4 x 4  0 x3  0 x 2  6 x  2
When the given polynomial having factors
with powers so HCF will be common factors 2 x5  2 x 4 6 x3 6x2
with least powers so, 6   6 x 4  6 x3  6 x 2  6 x
HCF  32  x  y   x  2 y 
2

x 4  x3  x 2  x
v). 2 x  2 y , 6 x  12 xy  12 xy  6 y
4 4 2 2
and
9 x3  9 y 3 x 4  x3  x 2  x x 5  x 4  3x 3  3x 2 x  2
Sol: Given 2 x  2 y , 6 x  12 xy  12 xy  6 y
4 4 2 2
 x5 x4 x3  x 2
and 9 x3  9 y3 2 x 4  2 x3  4 x 2
Take 2 x 4  2 y 4  2  x 4  y 4   2 x4 2 x3 2x2  2x
2  2 x 2  2 x
 2  x 2    y 2  
2 2

 
x2  x
 2 x  y   x   y 
2 
2 2 2
  x 2  x x 4  x3  x 2  x x 2  2 x
 2  x 2  y 2   x  y  x  y   x 4  x3
Now
2 x 3  x 2  x
6 x 2  12 xy  12 xy  6 y 2  6 x  x  2 y   6 y  2 x  y 
2 x3 2x2
Now 9 x  9 y  9  x  y 
3 3 3 3
x2  x
 9  x    y    x2  x
3 3
 
Therefore HCF = x 2  x  x  x  1
 9  x  y   x  xy  y 2 2

iv). 2x3  10x2  5x  25 & x3  5x2  x  5
HCF = x  y
Solution: Let P(x) = 2x3  10x2  5x  25
Q2. Find the H.C.F by division method
and Q(x) = x3  5x2  x  5
i). x  x  6 and x  2x  3
2 2

x3  5x2  x  5 2x3  10x2  5x  25 2


Sol: Let P(x)= x  x  6 & Q(x)= x2  2x  3
2
then
2x3  10x2 2x 10
x2  2x  3 x2  x  6 1
7 7x  35
 x2 2x 3
x  5  x3  5x2  x  5 x2  1 
x  3 x  2x  3  x  1
2
x  5x
3 2

 x2 3x x  5
x 3 x 5
x 3 
 Hence HCF = x + 5
Hence HCF = x - 3 Q3. Find LCM by factorization
ii). y  3y  2 and y  5y  7y  3
3 3 2
i). x  y, x2  y 2
Sol: Let P(x)= y  3y  2 & Q(x)= y  5y  7y  3
3 3 2
Sol: given x  y, x  y
2 2

y3  5y2  7y  3 y3  0.y2  3y  2 1 First x  y  x  y


Second x  y   x  y  x  y 
2 2
 y3 5y2  7y 3
5 5y2  10y  5 HCF = x  y

y2  2y  1 y3  5y2  7y  3  y  3 LCM =  x  y  x  y   x  y
2 2

 y3 2y2  y ii). x3  y 3 , x  y
3y2  6y  3
Sol: given x  y , x  y
3 3

3y2  6y 3

3 2

First x  y   x  y  x  xy  y
3 2

y2  2y  1 Second x  y  x  y
Hence HCF =
HCF = x  y
iii). 2x5  4x4  6x and x5  x4  3x3  3x2 2

LCM =  x  y  x  xy  y  x  y
2 3 3

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.1
92
Chapter 6
iii). x  x , x  x & x5  x3
5 5 2
ii). 2x4  2x3  x2  3x  6 &
Sol: Given x  x , x  x & x5  x3
5 5 2 4x4  2x3  3x  9
x 5  x  x  x 4  1 Sol: Given 2x4  2x3  x2  3x  6 &
4x4  2x3  3x  9 Now
 x  x 2   12 
2

  2x 4  2x3  x2  3x  6 4x 4  2x3  0.x2  3x  9 2


 x  x  1  x  1
2 2
4x 4 4x3  2x2  6x 12
 x  x 2  1  x 2  12  2x3  2x2  3x  3
 x  x 2  1  x  1 x  1 2x3  2x2  3x  3 2x 4  2x3  x2  3x  6  x

And x  x  x x  1
5 2 2 3
  2x 4 2x3 3x2  3x
2 4x2  6
 x 2  x3  13 
2x2  3
 x  x  1  x  x  1
2 2

2x2  3 2x3  2x2  3x  3 x  1


Now x  x  x
5 3 3
x 2
 1
2x3 3x
 x  x 1
3 2 2
  2x2 3
 x  x  1 x  1 2x 3
3 2

HCF = x  x  1 HCF = 2x2  3


 
LCM  x x  1  x  1 x  1 x  x  1
3 2 2
  2x2  x  3
2x2  3 4x 4  2x3  0.x2  3x  9
iv): 2 3  x  y   x  2 y  ,
3 2 3 2

4x 4 6x2
2 3  x  y  x  2y & 3  x  y  x  2y
3 2 2 3 2 2
 2x3  6x2  3x  9
Sol: Given 2332  x  y   x  2 y  , 2x3  3x
3 2

2332  x  y   x  2 y  & 32  x  y   x  2 y 
2 3 2 6x 2
9
 6x 2
9
When the given polynomial having factors with
powers so LCM will be common factors with AB
L
highest powers so, H
HCF  23.32.  x  y  .  x  2 y 
3 3
L

2x 4  2x3  x2  3x  6 4x 4  2x3  3x  9 
2x  3 2

Q4. Find L.C.M and H.C.F of following


expressions
 
L  2x2  x  3 2x 4  2x3  x2  3x  6 
i). x3  2x2  13x  10 and x3  x2  10x  8 iii). a4  a3  a  1 and a4  a2  1
Sol: Given x  2x  13x  10 &
3 2 Solution:
x3  x2  10x  8 a 4  a3  a  1 a 4  0.a3  a2  0.a  1 1
x3  2x2  13x  10 x3  x2  10x  8 1 a4 a3 a 1
x 3
2x 2
13x 10 a a a a
3 2

x2  3x  2 x3  2x2  13x  10  x  5 a2  a  1 a 4  a3  0.a2  a  1 a2  2a  1


x  3x  2x
3 2
 a 4  a3  a2
5x  15x  10
2
 2a3  a2  a  1
5x2 15x 10
2a3 2a2 2a
HCF  x  3x  2
2
a2  a  1
x4  a2  a  1
x2  3x  2 x  x  10x  8
3 2
HCF= a2  a  1
 x  3x  2x
3 2
AB
L
4x  12x  8 2 H

4x2 12x 8 L
 a 4  a3  a  1  a 4
 a2  1 
a2  a  1

AB

L  a  a  1 a2  2a  1
4 2
 
L
H iv). 1  x2  x4  x5 and 1  2x  x2  x4  x5
L

x3  2x2  13x  10 x3  x2  10x  8   Sol: Given 1  x2  x4  x5 and
x2  3x  2

L   x  4  x  2x2  13x  10
3
 1  2x  x2  x4  x5
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics
Exercise 6.1
93
Chapter 6
first arranging into descending order L
AB
1  x  x  x  x  x  x 1
2 4 5 5 4 2 H
x  5x3  6x2  2x  28
4

1  2x  x2  x4  x5  x5  x4  x2  2x  1 L
x 2
x5  x 4  x2  1 x5  x 4  x2  2x  1   1 L  x  7x  8x  14
3 2

x 5  x 4  x2 1 Q7. H.C.F and L.C.M of two polynomials


2 2x 4  2x  2 are x  5 and 2x3  11x2  2x  15
respectively. Find polynomials of
x 4  x  1 x 5  x 4  x2  1 x  1 degree 2
x 5
x 2
x Sol: Given H.C.F = x  5
L.C.M = 2x  11x  2x  15
3 2
 x4  x  1
x4  x  1 2x2  x  3
x  5 2x3  11x2  2x  15
So H.C.F = x  x  1
4

2x3  10x2
AB
L x2  2x
H

L

1  2x  x2  x 4  x5 1  x2  x 4  x5   x2  5x
3x  15
x4  x  1
3x 15

L  1  2x  x  x 4  x5  x  1 
2


2x3  11x2  2x  15   x  5  2x2  x  3 
Q5. H.C.F and L.C.M of two polynomials are
x  2 and x3  3x2  6x  8 respectively. If

L   x  5  2x  3x  2x  3
2

L   x  5  x 2x  3  1 2x  3
one of polynomial is x  2x  8 , find second
2

polynomial. L   x  5  x  1 2x  3

Sol: Given H.C.F = x  2 And H = x5


L.C.M = x  3x  6x  8
3 2
A   x  5  x  1 
So
A = x  2x  8 We have to find B B   x  5 2x  3
2

x 1 Q8. If the product of two polynomials is


x  2x  8 x  3x  6x  8
2 3 2

x4  6x3  3x2  56x  48 and their L.C.M is


x3  2x2 8x x3  2x2  11x  12 . Find their H.C.F
x  2x  8
2
Solution: A x B = x4  6x3  3x2  56x  48
x2  2x 8
LCM = x3  2x2  11x  12
L H x4
B
A
x3  2x2  11x  12 x 4  6x3  3x2  56x  48
L
 x3  3x2  6x  8   x  2
x2  2x  8 x 4  2x3 11x2 12x
L   x  1  x  2  4x  8x  44x  48
3 2

Q6. If product of two polynomial is 4x3  8x2 44x 48


AB
x4  5x3  6x2  2x  28 and their H.C.F is H
L
x  2 Find L.C.M x 4  6x3  3x2  56x  48
H
Sol: Given PxQ= x4  5x3  6x2  2x  28 & x3  2x2  11x  12
H.C.F = x  2 Hx4
x3  7x2  8x  14 Q9. Waqar wishes to distribute 128 bananas and
also 176 apples equally among a certain number
x  2 x 4  5x3  6x2  2x  28
of children. Find the highest number of children
x 4 2x3 who can get the fruit in this way.
7x3  6x2 Sol: Given number of Bananas = 128
7x3 14x2 128  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2
8x  2x
2
 28
8x 2
16x
Number of apples = 176
14x  28
176  2  2  2  2 11
14x 28
 24 11
HCF = 24  16 children

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.1
94
Chapter 6
x y x y y 1 2
Example 12: Simplify    2  2
3x  2 y 3x  2 y y  2 y  y  2 y  7 y  2 y  14 y  7 y  y  7
2

x y x y 
y

1

2
Sol: given  y  y  2   1 y  2  y  y  7   2  y  7  y  y  7   1  y  7 
3x  2 y 3x  2 y
y 1 2
x yx y   

3x  2 y
 y  1 y  2  y  2 y  7   y  1 y  7 
xx y  y  7   1 y  1  2  y  2 
 
3x  2 y  y  1 y  2  y  7 
2x y2  7 y  y 1 2 y  4
 
3x  2 y  y  1 y  2  y  7 
x  y x2  2 y 2 y2  4 y  3
Example 13: Simplify  
x  y x2  y 2  y  1 y  2  y  7 
x  y x2  2 y 2 y2  3y  y  3
Sol: Given  
x  y x2  y 2  y  1 y  2  y  7 
x y x2  2 y 2
  y  y  3  1 y  3 
x  y  x  y  x  y  
 y  1 y  2  y  7 
x y x y x2  2 y 2
    y  1 y  3
x  y x  y  x  y  x  y  
 y  1 y  2  y  7 
 x  y   x2  2 y 2
2

 y3

 x  y  x  y   y  2  y  7 
x 2  y 2  2 xy  x 2  2 y 2 x4 x2  9
 Example 16: Simplify 
x2  y 2 x  3 x2  x  2
y 2  2 y 2  2 xy x4 x2  9
 Sol: Given  2
x2  y 2 x 3 x  x 2
3 y 2  2 xy x4 x 2  32
   2
x2  y 2 x  3 x  2 x  1x  2
x 2  xy  y 2 x 2  xy  y 2 x4 x 2  32
 3 3  2 2
1  
Exp 14: Simplify
x y
3 3
x y x y x  3 x  x  2   1 x  2 
x  xy  y x  xy  y
2 2 2 2
1 x  4  x  3 x  3
Sol: Given   2  
x y
3 3
x y
3 3
x  y2 x  3  x  1 x  2 


x 2  xy  y 2

x 2  xy  y 2
 2
1

 x  4  x  3
 x  y   x  xy  y   x  y   x  xy  y  x  y 2
2 2 2 2
 x  1 x  2 
1 1 1
   2 2 Example 17: Multiply
x2  2 x
by
x y x y x  y 2 x2  5x  3
x y 1 1 x y 1 2 x 2  3x  9
     2 and write the answer in simplified
x  y x  y x  y x  y x  y2 x2  9
x y x y 1 x2  2 x 2 x 2  3x  9
  2  2 Sol: Multiply by
x y
2 2
x y 2
x  y2 2 x2  5x  3 x2  9
x  y  x  y 1 x2  2x 2 x 2  3x  9
 
x2  y 2 2 x  5x  3
2
x2  9
x  x  2 2 x 2  6 x  3x  9
2x 1  
 2 x 2  3x  2 x  3 x 2  32
x2  y 2
x  x  2 2 x  x  3  3  x  3
Example 15: Simplify  
y 1 2
x  2 x  3  1 2 x  3  x 2  32
 
y 2  y  2 y 2  5 y  14 y 2  8 y  7 x  x  2  2 x  3 x  3
 
y 1 2  x  1 2 x  3   x  3 x  3
Sol: Given  2  2
y  y  2 y  5 y  14 y  8 y  7
2
x  x  2

  1 x  3
x

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.2
95
Chapter 6
 x3  y 3 y  x 2  xy  y 2 y  10 y
Example 18:      2
 y
3
x y y2 y 4 y 4
2

 x3  y 3 y  x 2  xy  y 2 y  10  y 10
   2
Sol: Given   y 4
2
y 4
 y
3
x y y2
 x  y   x 2  xy  y 2  x  y x2  2 y 2
y y2 iv). 
   2 x  y x2  y 2
y3 x  y x  xy  y 2
1 x  y x2  2 y 2
Sol: Given 
 3 1  x4 x  y x2  y 2
Example 19:    x y x2  2 y 2
 x  2 x 1  x  2  
x  y  x  y  x  y 
 3 1  x4
Sol: Given    x y x y x2  2 y 2
 x  2 x 1  x  2   
1  x2 x  y x  y  x  y  x  y 
 3
    x  y   x2  2 y 2
2
 x  2 x 1  x  4 
 x 1 3 1 x2 x2  x  y  x  y 
    
 x 1 x  2 x 1 x  2  x  4 x 2  y 2  2 xy  x 2  2 y 2

 3  x  1 x2  x2 x2  y 2
   
  x  1 x  2   x  1 x  2   x  4 
y 2  2 y 2  2 xy
x2  y 2
 3  x  1   x  2   x  2
   3 y 2  2 xy
  x  1 x  2   x  4 
x2  y 2
3x  3  x  2 x  2
  x x y y
 x  1 x  2  x  4 v).  2  2
2x  5
2 x  3xy  y
2 2
y  4 x 2 x  xy  y 2
2

 x x y y
 x  1 x  4  Sol: Given
2 x  3xy  y 2
2
 2  2
y  4 x 2 x  xy  y 2
2

Exercise 6.2 x x y y
 2   2
2 x  2 xy  xy  y 4 x  y 2 x  2 xy  xy  y 2
2 2 2

Q1. Simplify x x y y
  
i). x 2y 2 x  x  y   y  x  y    2 x    y   2 x  x  y   y  x  y 
2 2
  
xy xy
x x y y
Sol: Given x 2y x  2y   

xy xy

xy
 2 x  y  x  y   2 x  y  2 x  y   2 x  y  x  y 
x y x y x  2 x  y    x  y  x  y   y  2 x  y 
 
ii).
3x  2 y 3x  2 y  2 x  y  x  y  2 x  y 
x y x y 2 x 2  xy   x 2  y 2   2 xy  y 2
Sol: Given  
3x  2 y 3x  2 y  2 x  y  2 x  y  x  y 
x yx y 2 x 2  xy  x 2  y 2  2 xy  y 2
 
3x  2 y
 4 x2  y 2   x  y 
2x
 3x 2  xy
3x  2 y 
iii). 3 2 y  4 x2  y 2   x  y 
 
y  2 y  2 y2  4 vi). a a 6ax
 
3 2 y 3x  y 3x  y 9x2  y2
Solution: Given  
y  2 y  2 y2  4 Sol: Given a

a

6ax
3x  y 3x  y 9x2  y2
y2 3 2 y2 y
   2 a  3x  y   a  3x  y  6ax
y2 y2 y2 y2 y 4   2
 3x  y  3x  y  9x  y2
3 y  2  2  y  2 y 3ax  ay  3ax  ay
  2  
6ax
 y  2  y  2  y 4  3x    y 
2 2
9 x2  y2
3y  6  2 y  4 y 
6ax
 2
6ax
0
  2 9x  y
2 2
9x  y2
y 2
2 2
y 4

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.2
96
Chapter 6
vii), y y 2xy 4x3 y x 2  xy  y 2 x 2  xy  y 2 1
  2  4
xy xy x y 2
x  y4 Sol: Given   2
x y
3 3
x y
3 3
x  y2
Sol: Given y

y 2xy
 2
4x3 y
 4 x 2  xy  y 2 x 2  xy  y 2 1
xy xy x y 2
x  y4    2
xy y y xy 2xy 4x3 y  x  y   x  xy  y   x  y   x  xy  y  x  y 2
2 2 2 2

   2  4
xy xy xy xy x y 2
x  y4 1 1 1
xy  y2  xy  y2 2xy 4x3 y    2 2

x2  y 2

x2  y 2

x4  y4
x y x y x  y
2xy 2xy 4x y3 x y 1 1 x y 1
        2
x2  y 2 x2  y 2 x4  y4 x  y x  y x  y x  y x  y2
x2  y 2 2xy 2xy x2  y 2 4x3 y

x y2 2
x y2 2

x y2 2
x y2 2

x4  y4
x y x y 1
  2  2

2x y  2xy  2x y  2xy
3 3 3 3

4x y 3
x y
2 2
x y 2
x  y2
x 2
 y2  x 2
 y2  x4  y4
x  y  x  y 1
4x3 y 4x3 y 
  x2  y 2
x    x y
2 2 4 4
2
 y2
2x 1

x 4
y 4
4x y 3

4x3 y x4  y4 
x 4
y 4
x 4
y 4
x 4
y 4
x4  y4 x2  y 2
4x 7 y  4x3 y 5  4x 7 y  4x3 y 5 Q2. Simplify

   
2 2
x4  y4 i). x  25
2

8x 7 y 5x

Solution: We have x  25
2
x y8 8

5x
1 1
viii).  2 
x2  52
a  7a  10 a  10a  16
2
x  5
1 1  x  5  x  5 
Sol: Given  2 
a  7a  10 a  10a  16
2 1  x  5 
1 1    x  5
 2  2
a  5a  2a  10 a  8a  2a  16
1 1 x2  5x  4 2 y2
  ii).  2
a  a  5  2  a  5 a  a  8  2  a  8 4 y3 x  3x  2
1 1
  x  5x  4
2
2 y2
 a  2 a  5   a  2 a  8 Sol: Given 
4 y3 x 2  3x  2

 a  8 1

1  a  5
 a  8  a  2  a  5   a  2  a  8   a  5 x 2  4 x  1x  4 2 y2
  2

a8a5 4 y2.y x  2 x  1x  2
 a  2 a  5  a  8 x  x  4   1 x  4 
2a  13 

 a  2 a  5  a  8 2 y  x  x  2   1 x  2  
ix). 1

1
 2
2a 4a3
 4

 x  1 x  4 
a b a b a b 2
a  b4
2 y  x  1 x  2 
Sol: Given 1

1
 2
2a 4a3
 4
a b a b a b a  b4 x4
2

a b 1 1 a b 2a 4a3 

a b a b

a b a b
 2
a  b2
 4
a  b4 2 y  x  2
a b  a b 2a 4a3

a b
2 2
 2
a b 2
 4
a  b4 x 2  5 x  4 x3  4 x 2  x  4
2a 2a 4a3
iii). 
 2
a  b2
 2
a  b2
 4
a  b4
x 2  3x  4 2x 1
a b
2 2
2a 2a a2  b2 4a3 x  5x  4 x  4 x2  x  4
2 3
 2
a b a b
2 2 2
 2
a b a b
2 2 2
 4
a  b4 Sol: Given 2 
2a3  2ab2  2a3  2ab2 4a3 x  3x  4 2x 1
  4
    x  4 x  1x  4 x  x  4   1 x  4 
2
a2
2
 b2
2
a  b4 2
 2 
 4
4a3
 4
4a3 x  4 x  1x  4 2x 1
x  x  4   1 x  4   x  1  x  4 
a b 4
a  b4 2
a 4  b4 4a3 4a3 a 4  b4
 4
a  b4 a 4  b4
 4
a  b4 a 4  b4  
4a 7  4a3b 4  4a 7  4a3b 4 x  x  4   1 x  4  2x 1

     x  1 x  4   2 x  1
2 2
a4  b4

8a 7
 8
a  b8
 x  1 x  4   x 2  1  x  4 
x).
x 2  xy  y 2 x 2  xy  y 2
  2
1

 x  1 2 x  1
x y x y x  y2  x  1  x 2  1  x  4 
3 3 3 3

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.2
97
Chapter 6
a  a  b  a 2  ab  b2 
a a3  8  2a  1 a  a  2
iv).  
2a  6a  a  3
2

a  2a  4
2

a3
a 3  b3 a 2  b2 a a3  23   2a  1 a 3
a  a  b  a 2  ab  b2 
2a  a  3  1  a  3
 
a2  2a  4 a  a  2 
Sol: Given 3 
a  b3 a 2  b2 
a  a  2  a2  2a  4  2a  1 a 3
a a  b a 2  ab  b 2

2a  1 a  3

a2  2a  4 a  a  2 
 
 a  b   a 2  ab  b 2  a 2  b2 1

9  x2 x 3  2 x 2  3x
a a  b ix).  2
 x 4  6 x3 x  7x  6
 a  b   a 2  b2  9 x 2
x 3  2 x 2  3x
7 xy Sol: Given 4 
v).  x  6 x3 x 2  7 x  6
x 4 x2 2
 x2  9 x2  7 x  6
7 xy  .
Sol: Given 2  x 4  6 x3 x3  2 x 2  3x
x 4 x2   x 2  9  x 2  6 x  1x  6
7 x2  3 .
 2 2 x  x  6  x  x 2  2 x  3
x 2 xy
7 x2   x 2  32  x  x  6   1 x  6 
   .
 x  2  x  2  xy x3  x  6  x  x 2  3 x  1x  3
7   x  3 x  3  x  1 x  6 
  .
xy  x  2  x  x  6
3
x  x  x  3   1 x  3  
a3  b3 a2  ab  b2   x  3 x  3  x  1 x  6 
vi).   .
a 4  b4 a2  b2 x3  x  6  x  x  1 x  3
Given a4  b4  a 2 ab 2 b
3 3 2 2
Sol:   x  3
a b a b 
 a  b  a x4

2
 ab  b2  a2  b2
ax  ab  cx  bc x 2  2ax  a 2
 a   b  a  ab  b2
2 2 2
 2
2 2
x).
a2  x2 x   b  a  x  ab
 a  b  a  b  2 2


 a  b  a  b 
2 2 2 2
Sol: Given
ax  ab  cx  bc
 2
x 2  2ax  a 2
 a  b a2  x2 x   b  a  x  ab

a 2
 b2  a  x  b  c  x  b  x  a
2

a b   2

 a  b  a  b   a  x  a  x  x  bx  ax  ab
1  a  c  x  b    x  a
2

a b 
 a  x   x  a  x  x  b   a  x  b 
2x x2  2x
vii).  2  a  c  x  b    x  a  x  a 
3x  12 x  6 x  8 
2x x2  2x   a  x  x  a   x  a  x  b 

  a  c  x  a 
Sol: Given
3x  12 x 2  6 x  8 
x2  6x  8 a  x
2
2x
  2
3 x  12 x  2x Example 20: Find the square root by factorization.
2x x2  4x  2x  8 a2
  x 2  ax 
3 x  4 x  x  2 4
2

2x x  x  4  2  x  4 Sol: Given x 2  ax  a
  4
3 x  4 x  x  2 2
a a
  x  2 x    
2


2x

 x  2  x  4  2 2
3 x  4 x  x  2  a
2

x 
2  2
 Taking square root on both sides
3
2
viii). a4  8a 2a  1 a2  2a a2  a
 2  x 2  ax   x 
2a  5a  3 a  2a  4
2
a 3 4  2

Sol: Given a4  8a 2a  1 a2  2a a2  a
 2  x 2  ax    x  
2a  5a  3 a  2a  4
2
a 3 4  2

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.3
98
Chapter 6
Example 21: x  1  1
2

x2
 10  x    27
x
9 x4 12 x3  10 x2  3x  3
 3x 2

Sol: Given 1  1 9x4


x  2  10  x    27
2

x  x 
6 x2  2 x 12 x3  10 x2
1  1
 x  2  2  10  x    27  2
2

x x
12 x3  4 x 2

1 1  1
 x2  2  2.x.  10  x    25
6 x 2  3x  3
x x x 6 x2  4 x  1
2
 6 x 2 4 x  1
 1  1
  x    2  x    5   52 x4
 x   x 
2 To make given expression a perfect square,
 1 
 x   5 remainder should be zero. Hence
 x 
i).  x  4 should be added
Taking square root on both sides, we have
2
ii). x  4 should be subtracted
1  1  1 
For value x  4  0
x2   10  x    27    x   5  iii).  x4
x2  x  x 
 a  2  a b   b   a  b
2 2 2

x2 
1  1  1 
 10  x    27    x   5  Rule 4: 
x2  x  x 
 a  2  a b   b     a  b 
2 2 2

Example 22: Find the square root by division method


16 x4  24 x3  25x2 12 x  4 Rule 5: Square root by division method
Sol: 4x2 3x 2 a b R.Work
16 x4  24 x3  25x2 12 x  4 a2  2ab  b2 a  a  a2
4x 2
a 2  a  2a
16x 4 a2
24x3  25x2 2ab  b2 2ab
8 x 2  3x 2a  b  b
24 x3  9 x 2 2ab  b2 2a
16 x2 12 x  4 0 b 2a  b  2ab  b2
8x2  6 x  2
16 x 2 12 x  4
16 x 4  24 x3  25 x 2  12 x  4    4 x 2  3x  2 
Exercise 6.3
Q1. Find square root by factorization method
Example 23: Find the square root by division method
x4 ax 2 a 2 4ax
i). x2  4 x  4
 4 x2    2 x3  Sol: Given x2  4 x  4  x2  2.x.2  22
4 3 9 3
  x  2
2
Sol: Rearranging
x4 ax 2 4ax a 2
 2 x3  4 x 2    Taking square root on both sides
4 3 3 9
x2 a
x2  4 x  4    x  2
2x 
ii). x  y  6 x  y   9
2
2 3
x 4
ax 2 4ax a 2 Sol; Given
 2 x3  4 x 2   
x  y  6  x  y   9   x  y   2  x  y 3  32
2 2
2
x 4 3 3 9
x  y  6  x  y   9   x  y  3
4 2 2
2 x

4 Taking square root on both sides, we get
x  y  6 x  y  9    x  y  3
2 2
x  2x
2
2 x  4 x
3 2

2 x3  4 x 2 x  y
2
 6  x  y   9    x  y  3

ax 2 4ax a 2 x2 y 2  8xy  16
  iii).
a 3 3 9
x2  4x  Sol: x y  8xy  16   xy   2  xy  4   4
2 2 22
3 2
ax 4ax a 2
    xy  4 
2
3 3 9
x4 ax 2 4ax a 2  x2 a Taking square root on both sides
  2 x3  4 x 2       2x  
4 3 3 9  2 3 x2 y 2  8xy  16   xy  4  
Example 24: i). What should be added to
1  1
ii). What should be subtracted from iv). x2 
 8  x    18
 x
2
iii). For what value of x x
the expression 9 x4 12 x3  10 x2  3x  3 to 1  1
Sol: Given x  2  8  x    18
2
make the perfect square x  x
3x 2 2x 1 Which is not a perfect square

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.3
99
Chapter 6
1  1 2
 x 2  2  2  8  x    18  2  2 1  1 9  2 1 5
x  x  x  2   5 x       x  2  
2  x   x 4  x 2
 1  1 
  x    8  x2  2   16 2 2
 x  x   2 1   1
vii).  x  2   4  x    12
 1 
2
1   x   x
  x    2  x2  2   4   4
2
2 2
 x   x   1   1
Sol: given  x 2  2 
 4  x    12
 x   x
2
 1 
  x   4
 
2
x  1   1 
  x 2  2   4  x 2  2  2   12
Taking square root on both sides  x   x 
1  1  1   1  
2
1 
x2   8  x    18    x   4    x 2  2   4  x 2  2   8  12
 x  
2
x x
 x   x 
v). x  x  1 x  2 x  3  1  1  
2
1 
  x2  2   4  x2  2   4
Sol: Given x  x  1 x  2 x  3  1  x   x 
2
Rearranging accordingly a + b = c + d  1   1 
  x2  2   2  x2  2   2   2
2

 x  x  3 x  1  x  2   1  x   x 

 x  x  3 x  x  2  1  x  2  1
2
 1 
  x2  2  2 
 x 2
 3xx  2x  1x  2  1
2  x 
 x  3x  x  3x  2   1
2 2 Taking square root on both sides
2 2

Assume that y  x  3x Then 2  2 1   1  2 1 


 x  2   4  x    12    x  2  2 
 x   x  x 
 y  y  2  1
 y2  2y  1
4 x6  12 x3 y 3  9 y 6
viii).
 y2  2.y.1  12 9 x 4  24 x 2 y 2  16 y 4
  y  1
2
 y  x2  3x
4 x6  12 x3 y 3  9 y 6
Sol: Given
9 x 4  24 x 2 y 2  16 y 4
 
2
 x2  3x  1
 2 x   2  2 x  3 y    3 y 
3 2 3 3 3 2


Taking square root on both sides  3x   2  3x  4 y    4 y 
2 2 2 2 2 2

x  x  1 x  2 x  3  1    x2  3x  1
 2x  3y 
3 3 2


 3x  4 y 
2 2
 2 1   1 9 2 2

vi).  x  2   5 x   
 x   x 4 Taking square root on both sides
 1  
2
1 9 4 x 6  12 x3 y 3  9 y 6 2 x3  3 y 3
Sol: Given  x 2  2   5  x     
 x   x 4 9 x 4  24 x 2 y 2  16 y 4 3x 2  4 y 2
1  1 9 Q2. Find square root of following by division method
 x4  4  2  5  x    i). 4 x4  4 x3  13x2  6 x  9
x  x 4
Sol: Given 4 x4  4 x3  13x2  6 x  9 , now
1  1 9
 x4   2  5 x     2  2 2x2  x 3
 x 4
4
x
2 4 x4  4 x3  13x2  6 x  9
 1   1 9 2x 2
  x2  2   5  x     4 4x4
 x   x 4
4x 2  x 4 x3  13x2
1  9  16
2
 1  
  x2  2   5  x    4x3  x 2
 x   x 4
2
12 x2  6 x  9
 1   1  25 4 x2  2 x  3
  x2  2   5  x    12 x 2 6 x  9
 x   x 4
2 2
 4 x 4  4 x3  13x 2  6 x  9    2 x 2  x  3
 1  1  5   5 
  x 2  2   2  x       ii). x4  x3 
31 2
x  4x  16
 x   x  2   2  4

 1 5
2 Sol: given x4  x3 
31 2
x  4x  16
  x2  2   4
 x 2
Taking square root on both sides

Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics


Exercise 6.3
100
Chapter 6
x2  x 4 32 
128 64
 4
2 x2 x
31 2
x 4  x3  x  4x  16 k 64
x 2 4  4 0
x4 x
x 4
k 64
x3 
31 2
x  4x  16
  4
x 4 x4 x
2x2  1 2  k  64
2 x3  x
4 Q3. 4x  12x  17x  13x  6 will become
4 3 2

8x  4x  16
2
perfect square
2x2  x  4
8x2 4x  16 i). What should be added to
Required square root  ii). What should be subtracted to
iii). For what value of x the expression
31 2  x 
x4  x3  x  4x  16    x2   4  Solution: 2x2  3x  2
4  2 

iii). x2  2x  1  2xy  2 y  y 2 2x2 4x4  12x3  17x2  13x  6


Sol: Given x  2 x  1  2 xy  2 y  y
2 2
4x 4
x 1  y 12x3  17x2  13x  6
4x2  3x
x2  2x  1  2xy  2 y  y 2 12x3  9x2
x
 x2 8x2  13x  6
4x  6x  2
2
8x2 12x  4
2x 1 2 x  1
2x 1 x  2  0
To make the given expression a perfect
2 xy  2 y  y 2
2x  2  y square, remainder should be zero.
2 xy 2 y  y 2
Hence
i). x  2 should be added
 x2  2 x  1  2 xy  2 y  y 2    x  1  y  ii). x  2 should be subtracted
iii). For value  x  2  0
2
iv).  2 1   2 1 
 x  2   12  x  2   36
x  x 
 
2
 x  2
Sol: Given  2 1   2 1 
 x  2   12  x  2   36
x  x 
x2
 
Q4. What should be subtracted and added to the
1
x2  6 expression 4 x3  10 x  7 so that the
x2
 2 1   2
2
1 
expression is made perfect square.
 x  2   12  x  2   36
1  x   x 
x2  2 Q5: i). Find the values of l and m for which
x2  1 
  x2  2 
 x  expression will become perfect square
 1 
12  x2  2   36
x4  4x3  16x2  lx  m
 1  x 
2  x2  2   6  Sol: Given x4  4 x3  16 x2  lx  m
 x   1 
12  x2  2   36
 x  x 2 2x 6
Required square root  2
x4  4x3  16x2  lx  m
x
 x4
2
 2 1   2 1   2 1 
 x  2   12  x  2   36    x  2  6 
 x   x   x 
2 x2  2 x 4 x3  16 x2
Q3. For what value of k the expression
128 k will become perfect square. 4 x3  4 x 2
4x 4  32x2  96   4
x2 x 12x2  lx  m
Sol: Given 4x 4  32x2  96  128  k 2 x2  4 x  6
x2 x4 12x2  24x  36
8
2x2  8  2
x
 l  24  x  m  36  0
128 k For perfect square remainder should be zero
4x 4  32x2  96   4 Therefore coefficient of x must be zero
2x2 x2 x
4x4
l  24  0  l  24
128 k And the constant term also be zero
32x2  96   4 m  36  0  m  36
4x  8
2 x2
x
32x2  64 Q5: ii). Find the values of l and m for which
expression will become perfect square
8 32 
128 k
 4
4x2  16  x2 x 49 x4  70 x3  109 x2  lx  m
x2
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics
Review Exercise 6
101
Chapter 6
Sol: Given 49 x4  70 x3  109 x2  lx  m x2  2 x  3
viii).
7x2 5x 6 3x 2  x  2
49 x4  70 x3  109 x2  lx  m x 3 2 x  3
2 a). b).
7x
49x 4 3x  2 3x  2
2 x  2 x 3
14 x2  5x 70 x3  109 x2 c). d).
x 1 3x  2
70 x3  25 x 2 ix). LCM 
84x2  lx  m a). HCF
A B
b). A B
14 x2 10 x  6 HCF
84 x 2 60 x  36 c). A
d). B

 l  60  x  m  36  0
HCF HCF

x). LCM of a2  a  1 and a3  1


For perfect square remainder should be zero a). a 1 b). a2  a  1
Therefore coefficient of x must be zero
c). a3  1 d). a2  a  1
l  60  0  l  60
5 3 s
And the constant term also be zero Q2: i). Simplify  
2s  4 s 2  3s  2 s 2  s  2
m  36  0  m  36 5 3 s
Sol: Given  2  2
Review Exercise 6 2s  4 s  3s  2 s  s  2
5 3 s
  2  2
Q1. Select the correct answer. 2s  4 s  2s  1s  2 s  2 s  1s  2
i). HCF of a3  8b3 and a2  4ab  b2 is 
5

3

s
a). a  2b b). a 2  2ab  b 2 2 s  4 s  s  2   1 s  2  s  s  2   1 s  2 
c). d).  a  2b 
2
a  2b 
5

3

s
2  s  2   s  1 s  2   s  1 s  2 
ii). LCM of  2 x  3 y  and  2 x  3 y  is
5 3
5  s  1 s  2   6  s  2   2s  s  2 

a). 2x  3 y b).  2x  3y  2  s  2  s  1 s  2 
3

5  s 2  2s  1s  2   6 s  12  2 s 2  4 s
c).  2x  3y  d).  2x  3y 
2 5

2  s  2  s  1 s  2 
iii). HCF of a3  b3 and a 2  ab  b2 is
a). ab b). a 2  ab  b2
5s 2  10 s  5s  10  6 s  12  2 s 2  4 s
c). a b d). a  b
2

2  s  2  s  1 s  2 
iv). LCM of (a  b)4 and (a  b)3 is
7s2  7s  2
(a  b) (a  b) 4 
a). b).
2  s  2  s  1 s  2 
c). (a  b)3 d). (a  b)7 a b c
10  x  3 x  2 
Q2: ii).  
v). Reduce to lowest term  c  a  a  b   a  b b  c  b  c c  a 
15  x  2  a b c
Sol:  
2  x  3 10  x  3  c  a  a  b   a  b b  c  b  c c  a 
a). b).
3 15 a b  c   b c  a   c  a  b 

c). 2x d). 2  x  3  a  b  b  c  c  a 
vi). Simplified form of b
 5 a1b is ab  ac  bc  ab  ca  bc
25 a 2  b 2

a). 5a
25 a 2 b 2
b). 5 a
5 a b
 a  b  b  c  c  a 
c). 5 a
5 a b d). 5 a
25 a 2 b 2 
0
5 3  a  b  b  c  c  a 
vii).  2 
x  x  2 x  4x  3
2 0
8 x  21 x2  4 2 xy
a). Q2: iii). Simplify . 2
 x  1 x  2 x  3 xy x  4 x  4
2

8x  3 x 4
2
2 xy
b). Sol: Given . 2
 x  1 x  2 x  3 xy x  4 x  4
2

8x  6
c).
 x  1 x  2 x  3
8x  9
d).
 x  1 x  2 x  3
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics
Review Exercise 6
102
Chapter 6
x 2  22 2 xy Divide any polynomial by HCF
 . 2
xy 2
x  2.x.2  22 x2  x  3


 x  2  x  2  . 2 xy x  1 x3  4x  3
 x  2 x3 x2
2
xy. y
2  x  2 x2  4 x  3

y  x  2 x2 x

Q2: iv). a4  b4  a 2 ab 2 b
3 3 2 2
 3x  3
a b a b 3x  3
have a4  b4  a 2 ab 2 b
3 3 2 2
Solution: We  L   x3  6 x 2  11x  6  x 2  x  3
a b a b
 a  b  a 2
 ab  b2  a2  b2 Q4i): Find square root of 4 x2 12 x  9

 a   b  a  ab  b2
2 2 2
2 2
Sol: Given 4 x2 12 x  9
 a  b  a  b  2 2
  2 x   2  2 x  3   3
2 2

 a  b  a  b 
2 2 2 2

  2 x  3
2

 a  b
 Taking Square root on both sides
a 2
 b2 
a b 4 x2  12 x  9    2 x  3

  a  b 
a  b
Q4ii): Find square root of
1

a b
x 4  4 x3  6 x 2  4 x  1
Sol: Given x4  4 x3  6 x2  4 x  1 using
Q3: Find LCM of x3  6 x2  11x  6 & x3  4 x  3
Sol: Given x3  6x2  11x  6 and x3  4 x  3 division method
1 x 2 2x 1
x 3  4 x  3 x 3  6 x 2  11x  6
x 4  4 x3  6 x 2  4 x  1
x3 4x  3 x 2
 x4
3 6 x  15 x  9 2

4 x3  6 x 2
2 x2  5x  3
x 4 x3  4 x 2
2 x  5x  3 x
2 3
 4x  3 2 x2  4 x  1
2 x2  4 x  1
2 2 x2  4 x  1
 x 4  4 x3  6 x 2  4 x  1    x 2  2 x  1
2 x3  8x  6
2 x3 5 x 2  3x Q5: x3  y3

x2  xy  xz  yz

x3  y3
x z3 3
x x y y
4 2 2 4
x2  y2
5 x  11x  6
2
Sol: x
3
 y3

x2  xy  xz  yz

x3  y3
x z 3 3
x x y y
4 2 2 4
x2  y2
2
 x  y   x  xy  y  x  x  y   z  x  y   x  y   x  xy  y 
2 2 2 2

  
10 x  22 x  12
2
 x  z   x  xz  z  x  y  x y
2 2
 x  y  x  y 
4 4 2 2

10 x 2 25 x  15  x  y   x  xy  y 
2
 x  y  x  z    x  y   x  xy  y 
2 2 2

 
 x  z  x  xz 2
 z  x    y   x y
2
 x  y  x  y 
2
2
2
2
2 2

3 3x  3
 x  y   x  xy  y  x  xy  y 
2 2 2 2


x 1
 x  xz  z   x    y   2x y  2x y  x y 
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2x  6
x 1 2 x2  5x  3  x  y   x  xy  y  x  xy  y 
2 2 2 2


x   x  
2
2
 xz  z2 2
 y2  x2 y 2
2 x2 2x
 3x  3 x  y x 2
 xy  y 2
 x 2
 xy  y2 

x    xy     x
2 2
3x  3 2
 xz  z2 2
 y2

HCF = x  1  x  y   x  xy  y  x  xy  y 
2 2 2 2


L
A B  x  xz  z  x  y  xy  x  y  xy 
2 2 2 2 2 2

H

x  y
L
 x  6 x  11x  6  x3  4 x  3
3 2
x 2
 xz  z2 
x 1
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics

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