English for Mechanical Engineering Semester 3

Lesson 1

MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY

Get Ready

A. List 10 vocabulary related to magnetism and electricity and define them!

B. Discuss these question with your partner!
1. What do you know about magnet?
2. What do you know about electricity?
3. How can you relate magnet and electricity?

Reading

MAGNETISMAND ELECTRICITY

Magnetism and electricity are closely related phenomena. Electric charge is a fundamental property of

matter. Matter is made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons. Electrons have a negative electric

charge, while protons have a positive electric charge; neutrons have no electric charge. These tiny

particles are the building blocks of atoms. An atom has a net positive electric charge when it loses one

of its electrons, and a net negative electric charge when it gains an extra electron. On the other hand,

magnetic charges do not exist - Magnetic fields are generated solely by moving electric charges.

An example of the relationship between electricity and magnetism is the motor. In a motor, a voltage is

applied across the terminals of a coil of wire. The voltage causes the electrons in the wire to move,

which in turn generates a current. This current results in a magnetic field, which interacts with

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permanent magnets attached to the core of the motor, causing it to move.

Perhaps the most significant relationship between electricity and magnetism is light, which is known to

physicists as an electromagnetic wave. Light waves are oscillating patterns of electric and magnetic

fields, propagating through space at the speed of light (3x108meters/second).

Electric and Magnetic phenomena are intricately described by a collection of physical laws, known as

Maxwell's equations. Fully understanding these complex equations require a thorough knowledge of

calculus and differential equations. For more information, take a course in electromagnetic theory from

your local university.

After you read the passage,

A. Answer the following questions based on the reading!

1. What is an atom made up of?
2. What is a magnetic field?
3. In most cases, does electricity create magnets or do magnets create electricity? Explain!
4. When someone says "The Speed of Light", what are they referring to?
B. Write the application of magnetism and electricity in our daily life!

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Lesson 2

COMPUTERS IN ENGINEERING

Vocabulary buildings

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Look at some abbreviation above!

1. What do the abbreviations stand for?

2. Please define each abbreviations!
Example: CAD is a computer program which is used to design thigs.

Grammar focus
Relative Clauses

We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another
sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can
avoid repeating certain words. When we make relative clauses we use relative pronouns. Look at the
sentence: CAD is a computer program which is used to design things.

It actually derives from two sentences:

- CAD is a computer program

- It is used to design things

Relative Pronouns

relative
Use example
pronoun

who subject or object pronoun for people I told you about the
woman who lives next door.

Which subject or object pronoun for animals and things Do you see the cat which is lying
on the roof?

Which referring to a whole sentence He couldn’t read which surprised

me.

Whose possession for people animals and things Do you know the
boy whose mother is a nurse?

Whom object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining I was invited by the
relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we professor whom I met at the
colloquially prefer who) conference.

That subject or object pronoun for people, animals and I don’t like the table that stands in
things in defining relative clauses (who or which are the kitchen.
also possible)

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Relative Adverbs

A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often makes the
sentence easier to understand.

This is the shop in which I bought my bike.

→ This is the shop where I bought my bike.

Relative
meaning use example
adverb

when in/on which refers to a time expression the day when we met him

where in/at which refers to a place the place where we met him

why for which refers to a reason the reason why we met him

EXERCISES

A. Fill the blanks with relative pronouns if necessary.

1. Can you remember the girl_____________showed you the way?

2. The dog____________we heard last night is a bulldog.
3. The friends____________you are living with phoned you yesterday.
4. The money_____________we spend on magazines should be spent on books.
5. The doctor_____________visited your mother is very famous.
6. Where is the library____________you borrowed those books from?
7. People_____________live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
8. The street_____________leads to the school is being repaired.
9. Here is the man___________dog bit you.
10. I know somebody____________lives in the town where you were born.
11. The key____________you were looking for was behind the cupboard.
12. The town_____________we’ve just passed through was completely destroyed during the war.
13. That’s the poet____________poems are so successful.
14. The plane____________has just landed comes from Paris.
15. I had my passport in the case___________I lost.
16. The chair____________you are sitting on belonged to my grandmother.
17. The oranges____________I bought yesterday aren’t very good.
18. That’s the toy____________my son enjoys playing with

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B. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using a relative clause.

1. They found the money (I dropped the money).

2. I broke the plate (the plate was a wedding present).
3. The police arrested the man (I saw the man steal a handbag).
4. The Queen fired the chef (we had met the chef).
5. She wrote to her friend (her friend lives in Vietnam).
6. Jill ate the sandwich (the sandwich had tomato and cheese inside).
7. His friend lives in Scotland (his friend is a lawyer).
8. We called the secretary (I went to school with the secretary).
9. The CD is in my bag (the CD has Spanish music).
10. The book is very interesting (the book is about Japanese culture).
11. The bag was stolen (I bought the bag yesterday).
12. He likes films (the films come from Asia).
13. My nephew broke the plate (I received the plate as a present).
14. The chocolate was very old (we bought the chocolate last week).
15. The TV program was very funny (Lucy recommended the TV program).

Reading

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Read the passage and do the activity below!

1. Find out the topic sentence for each paragraph!

2. Answer the following question:
a. What exactly is CIM?
b. How are CIM and CAM different?
c. Why don’t all manufacturing companies use CIM?
3. By using your own word please explain Figure I (for student with odd numbers)and Figure II (for
students with even numbers)

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Lesson 3

RENEWABLE ENERGY

2019-04-08

How renewable and fossil fuels can work together to

power the future
By Johnny Wood

From chicken manure to kites, there are many innovative ways to create energy rather than traditional

fossil fuels such as oil and gas.

But despite the very real need to reduce carbon emissions in order to protect the environment, the era of

fossil fuels - and natural gas in particular – is far from over.

A recent McKinsey report predicts that fossil fuels will continue to dominate energy use through to 2050.

But clean technologies - like wind and solar – will also grow four-to-five times faster than other power

sources over the same period.

This means that, by the middle of this century, power generation is set to look very different to today.

During the transition period, traditional fossil fuels and new renewable technologies will work in

harmony, forming a unique interplay.

Much of the answer can be found in new technologies that allow fossil fuels and renewables to work in

tandem, meeting increased demand at the same time as reducing emissions.

Fuelling the future

Power-to-gas technologies are a good example of this complementary partnership in action. There is

often surplus capacity in the power grid especially on windy days, but this excess wind power can be

harnessed to power electrolysis. This in turn is used to divide water molecules into separate hydrogen and

oxygen elements. And once a ready supply of hydrogen is available, it can be fed into gas-fired power

plants to help lower their carbon dioxide emissions.

Companies like Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems (MHPS) are exploring ways of using hydrogen in

natural gas turbines for power generation. The company recently conducted successful tests using a stable

blend of 30% hydrogen and natural gas to drive large-scale gas turbines. The tests reduced CO2emissions

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by 10% and represent a positive first step towards realizing future hydrogen-only combustion, which

would cut emissions to zero.

There are also many ongoing innovations within the wind power generation business itself. Shell, for

example, has taken the idea of wind power to new heights by investing in a prototype kite that hovers 300

meters or so above ground level.

The kite is tethered to land and kept aloft by prevailing winds which generate movement and produce

electricity. Once the concept is fully developed, Shell’s offshore oil & gas presence has the potential to

carry the idea out to sea where winds are strongest.

This new method of capturing the wind’s energy could be ideal to feed into increased demand for

electrolysis as the use of hydrogen also increases.

Re-using and recycling

Capturing residual heat from existing power plants or other industrial processes is another way of making

the energy supply chain renewable, making efficient use of existing resources.

Waste-to-energy technology is one example of this. MHI Group company Turboden has invested in

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system turbines in order to capture residual heat and use that heat to

produce power.

For example, ORC turbines installed in a chicken farm in Turkey generate electricity from combusting

the manure of 14 million birds. The process removes the unwanted biowaste – which is plentiful and in

continual supply - and generates electricity to sell on to power companies.

Such technologies can also be fuelled from natural sources like geothermal energy, where steam is

harnessed from thermal springs to drive turbogenerators. The end product, once again is power to feed

into the grid.

Capturing CO2

And even in plants which continue to rely almost exclusively on fossil fuels, there are ways to make them

less harmful to the environment.

Technologies like carbon capture and storage can reduce or remove the harmful exhaust emissions.

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The Petra Nova project in Texas is the world’s largest carbon capture facility operating at an existing

coal-fired plant. More than 90% of carbon dioxide emissions are captured from the site’s 240MW

slipstream of flue gas, which would otherwise reach the atmosphere.

Once captured, carbon can be securely stored below ground, used in industrial processes such as

manufacturing concrete, and even used in enhanced oil recovery techniques that push hard-to-reach oil to

the surface.

Such innovations will continue to transform the power generation sector as well as the oil and gas

industry.

And some of the most effective solutions will see renewable energy sources and fossil fuels working

together, ensuring a supply for tomorrow’s power needs while respecting the environment.

Understanding The article

What is renewable energy?

1. What is fosil fuel?

2. Do think renewable and fosil fuel can work togather?
3. Find an article of one type of renewable energy !

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Lesson 4

BACK TO THE FUTURE

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Lesson 5

WHAT WOULD YO DO

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Lesson 6

PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

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Lesson 7

THE WORLD WE LIVE IN

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