West Visayas State University

Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Employability of BCM Graduates: A Tracer Study

A Research Paper

Presented to the

Faculty of the School of Healthcare Services

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree

Bachelor in Caregiving Management

JOSEPH B. TERCO

ARNEL G. MADERSE

KRISTY JANE D. JAMON

FEBRALYN V. TACAN

March 2019
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Table of Contents

Page

Title Page --------------------------------------------------------------- i

Approval Sheet -------------------------------------------------------------- ii

Acknowledgment -------------------------------------------------------------- iii

Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------- iv

Table of Contents ------------------------------------------------------------- v

List of Tables ------------------------------------------------------------- vi

List of Figures -------------------------------------------------------------- vii

CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE 1

Statement of The Problem 2

Significance of the Study 3

Definition of Terms 4

Scope and Limitation of the Study 5

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Respondents of the Study

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Statistical Data Analysis

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Presentation of Results, Analysis and Interpretations

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

Findings

Conclusions

Recommendations

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

A. Instrument

B. Letter to the Respondents

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

APPROVAL SHEET

The research paper entitled “EMPLOYABILITY OF BCM GRADUATES: A TRACER

STUDY” prepared by Joseph B. Terco, Arnel G. Maderse, Kristy Jane D. Jamon, and Febralyn

V. Tacan is here by recommended for approval and acceptance as partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Bachelor in Caregiving Management.

ROFA B. ESPITON, MAN

Adviser

Approved by the Research Committee:

VERNA LYNN H. DUEÑAS, MAEd EXALTACION B. MONJE, MAEd

Panelist Panelist/ Statistician

ROFA B. ESPITON, MAN

School Director

GUILLER P. PENDON, Ed. D

Dean of Instruction
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, the researchers would like to thank God who guided us throughout this journey,

The success of this research paper is attributed to my adviser Rofa B. Espiton for giving us

excellent suggestions, impressive knowledge and truthfulness on the view of the study. You

have been a tremendous mentor. Without your supervision and constant help, this research paper

would not have been possible.

t
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study problem and objectives, its
significance and scope and limitation of the study

Background and Rationale

For the employability and productivity phenomenon of the graduates would not only

mean identification of program strengths and weaknesses. The university would have

empirically based data that could be used in improving the market relevance of its higher

education programs, and in addressing the education and skills mismatch in the labor market.

Most graduates of medical and allied courses aim to work abroad. They usually stay for a

few years just enough to gain experience and boost their chances of overseas employment. Thus,

even if there are more graduates than new jobs available, the country experiences an extreme

shortage of health professionals, especially in the provinces.

Employability is the acquisition of attributes such as knowledge, skills, and abilities that

make graduates more likely to be successful in their chosen occupations. It refers to the

employment of graduates but this includes self-employment. A broader definition includes any
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
lifestyle choice, or refers to employability as the development of abilities to ensure graduates are

critical life-long learners.

Nowadays, graduates are facing the challenges acquiring employment right after

graduation. It is important that they should have gained the best knowledge and skills in their

specialization in order for them to be employed.

Employability of graduates is one of the good barometers of successful academic

curricular offered by the school. As a graduate of caregiving management, they must be

employed, and the nature of their job must be in line in their area of specialization.

Despite of the availability of work as a caregiver still there are graduates who are not

employed and some are underemployed for the reasons of they do not like to be a caregiver,

getting married after graduation and also their own choice.

Moreover, the researchers conducted this study on employability of caregiver graduates

of West Visayas State University – Janiuay Campus in order to identify the percentage of

employed, unemployed and underemployed and with corresponding reasons of their choices.
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Paradigm of the Study

Independent Variables Dependent Variable

Gender Employability of BCM

graduates
Year of graduation

Program they graduated

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine the employability of Ladderized and Bachelor’s

Degree Programs of Caregiving Management School Year 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-

2017.

Specifically, this answered the following questions:

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of gender, year of graduation and program they

graduated?

2. What is the nature of the present employment of the graduates as an entire group and when

grouped according to gender, year of graduation and program graduated?

3. What is the employment profile of the employed graduates in terms of a) present

employment status b) job sector and c) monthly salary?

4. What is the employment profile of the underemployed in terms of a) present employment

status b) job sector and c) monthly salary

5. What are the reasons why some graduates are not employed?

Significance of the Study

This study will benefit the following:

Students - the results of the study will provide information to the students to determine the

effectiveness of work in the field of caregiving.

Parents - the results can inspire the parents, thus they will motivate their children to enroll in

caregiving and receive financial assistance for the family.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
WVSU-JC - this will help the institution to determine the percentage of employed, unemployed,

and underemployed graduates of caregiving management from 2015- 2017. Moreover, can

provides programs for the course to develop and enhance the skills of students.

Future Researchers - they can use the results of the study or future researches.

Definition of Terms

For clarification and precision, the following are the conceptual and operational

meanings:

Employability - refers to a person’s capability for gaining and maintaing employment.

To engage or make use of the services of an individual in return for money. For individuals,

employability depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities they possess, the way they present

those assets to employers. As such employability is affected by both supply-side and demand-

side factors which are often outside of an individual’s control. (educalingo.com/en/dic-

en/employability)

In this study, employability refers to the status of the employment if you are employed,

underemployed, or unemployed.
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
Ladderized - refers to a new system of education in the Philippines that allows the

learners to progress between Technical Vocational Education and Training and College and vice

versa. Ladderized Education opens opportunities for career and educational advancement to

students and workers. (https://www.scribd.com/doc/61911101/Ladderized-Education-Program)

In this study, ladderized refers to the 2-year program in an accredited institution.

Bachelor’s Degree - refers to a degree that is given to a student by a college or

university usually after 4 years of study. (https://www.merriam webster.com/dictionary/

bachelor’s%20degree)

In this study, bachelor’s degree refers to the 4-year program where the institution was

accredited.

BCM - refers to the Bachelor in Caregiving Management course acquired by the students

enrolled in this institution.

In this study, it refers to the Ladderized and Bachelor’s degree program.

Scope and Limitation

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the tracer study of the employability

of BCM graduates for the school year 2015- 2017.

Respondents of the study are limited only to the graduate students of Ladderized and

Bachelor’s degree of Bachelor in Caregiving Management in WVSU- JC.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Chapter 2

Review of the Related Literature

This chapter presents related literature for clearer understanding of the readers.

Unemployment and its causes

In a couple months, ten thousands of college graduates will, once more, join the

workforce. The unemployment rate in the Philippines is projected to be 6.2 percent by the end of

this quarter. From 1994 to 2015 the average unemployment rate has been 8.78 percent, way

higher than our neighbors in the asia pacific region . In Malaysia, the average unemployment

rate is 3.4 percent; in thailand, 2.3 pecent; in Singapore, 3.4 percent; in Vietnam, 5.6, China, 3.9
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
percent; and Taiwan, 4.3 percent. Only Indonesia has an unemployment rate close to ours, that is

, 8.9 percent.

The Philippine Institute for development Studies said that in the philippines,

unemployment is a time bomb. Between 2005 and 2030, the labor force will increase from 32

million to about 52 million.

Yet it is befuddling why, in some sectors, there are many available jobs, but few qualify

to fill up the vacancies. In the food sector, for instance, there is a dearth of workers with skills in

cooking, food preservation, etc. Generally drivers, among others. In the medical sector while

there is a glut of nurses, there has been a hostage of CT scan operators, cardio technicians,

occupational therapists, respiratory therapists, etc.

Studies reveal that 22 percent of the unemployed have attended college while 19 percent

have graduated from college. What does this indicate? That there is a serious disconnect

between what school teach and the demand of jobs market. Students are not acquiring the skills

they need to fill up available job when they graduate. Schools still offer, and student still enroll

in, traditional courses without so much as examining the demand of industries.

The quality of graduates has also steadily declined such that professions requiring

qualifying examination such as medicine, accountancy, library science, and others suffer high

failing rates. In nursing, for example, the passing rate in 1998 was 55.8 percent. In 2006, it went

down to 45 percent and in 2010, it was a low of 39 percent. Thus, those who desperately need

jobs but do not qualify in their desire professions settle for work as domestic helpers or nannies
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
and blue-collar workers, either here or abroad. Still, there is a greater number of the unemployed

who are unable to take on available jobs because they are not connected with what they learned.

However, more than the disconnect between education and the need of industries, the

real cause of massive unemployment in the philippines can be blamed on government. It has

failed to create the needed climate to attract investors and; on its own, to create jobs.

Graduate Underemployment: a systematic literature review

The diversity of graduate careers is widely recognised, and the present paper seek to

draw attention to an increasingly important phenomenon - the careers of graduates in non

graduate occupation. The phenomenon of individuals being employed in roles for which their

education would appear to make them overqualified has been studied by researchers from an

exceptionally wide range of disciplines, including economists, educationalists, sociologists,

psychologists and management scholars.

The phenomenon is variously referred to as underutilisation, over- education, or

underemployment, but we use the latter term within the present paper as it is the term most

commonly used within the management field. Though there has been some interdisciplinary

research examining underemployment, it remains the case that much of our knowledge remains

locked within the boundaries of individual disciplines.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
In this paper we therefore offer a systematic literature review of research on

underemployment drawing upon all of the fields in wich this phenomenon has been

investigated. The review examines the diversity of disciplinary perspectives, whilst highlighting

the limited diversityof methodological approaches adopted.

The paper is structured in three parts. Firstly, we examines the broader literature on

underemployment generally, identifying key concepts and themes have been applied to the

specific study of graduate underemployment. Finally, we conclude by identifying key areas for

future research, and considering the implications of this growing phenomenon for HRM.

Jobless rate eased to 5.3% in 2018; underemployment up at 16.4%

The rate of jobless Filipino in the labor force declined to 5.3 percent in 2018 from 5.7

percent last year even as underemployment inched up, according to the Philippine Statistics

Autority (PSA).

Citing the pleminary results of its annual labor and employment estimates for 2018.

Wich were based on the average of the four rounds of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) during the

months of January, April, July and October, the PSA said in a report last Friday that the

employment rate was estimated to have had improved to have had improved to 94.7 pecent this

year from 94.3 percent in 2017.

Underemployment hits 6-year high at 22.7% in July,

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
Philippines underemployment rate worsens to 6-years high of 22.7% in july, largely due to

weather disturbances. Manila ,Philippiness -the country’s underemployment rate- or the growth

in the number of emplyed Filipino looking for additional or higher -paying work -shot up to a 6-

years high in july, according to the national statistic office (NSO).

In its labor Force survey (LFS) released on Tuesday, Septempber 18, the NSO said

underemployment shot up to 22.7% in july.

This was the highest since July 2006 when underemployment was at 23.4%.The NSO said a

large percentage of the underemployed were working in the services sector at 42.5% and

agriculture sector at 41.5% . The underemployed in the industry sector acounted for 16%.

Employed person who express the desire to have additional hours of work in thier present job, or

to have (an) additional job or to have a new job, with longer working hours are considered

underemployed. The the number of underempolyed persons in july 2012 was estamated at 8.5

million. The NSO examplained.

Underemployment Persists Throughout College Graduates’ Careers

A recent report issued by Burning Glass and the Strada Institution finds that 43% of

recent college graduates are underemployment in their first job out of college. Of those, two-

thirds are still underemployed after five years, and just over half remain so after ten years. By

contrast, just one in ten graduates who land a first job appropriate to their skill level slip into

underemployment after five years.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
Avoiding the underemployment trap is easier for some students than others. Over half

(54%) of psychology majors have first job that does not require college degree, and over two-

third of those remain underemployed after five years. First job underemployment rates are

similarly high for biology and biomedecine majors (51%) and education majors(50%).

Even highly regarded STEM majors are not immune to under employment. Three in ten

engineering majors have a first job does not require a college degree.Eighteen percent are

underemployed both in their first job and the job they have years after leaving school.

The persistence of underemployment throughout a graduate’s career is unsurprising.

Jobs that require college-level skills help graduates develop and expand those skills, leading to

even better jobs later on.

However, graduates who dont’n apply the skillsthey learned in college may see those

skills atrophy, making it even harder to land a college appropriate jab further down the road.

Underemployment is distinct from the related phenomenom of degree inflation. Degreee.

Degree inflation occurs when employers demand callege-level skill. According to a harvard

business school report issued last year, more than six million jobs are at risk of degree inflation ,

and the phenomenon has only accelerated since the great recession.

It is difficult to determine precisely whether a partecular job requires a college degree

,and censequently measuring underemployment is a thorny process. The burning glass report
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
considersa college graduate to be appropriately employed if a majority of job posting for her

occupation requested a college degree, and underemployed if that is not the case.

But degree inflation means some graduates do not put their college degrees to work on

the job, even if employers request such credentials in job postings. Due to degree inflation, some

jobs classified as college- level might not in fact require college- level skills. Therefore, true

underemployment rates could be even higher than those estimated by Burning Glass.\

Working in a job below the college level often carries an earnings penalty. The Burning

Glass report estimates that underemployed workers can expect a typical salary of $37,330 in

their early careers, while appropriately employed college graduates will earn $47,470. Previous

evedince from the New York Fed suggests that the underemployment earnings penalty has

increased over time. (Of course, average are not deatiny, and some underemployed college

graduates go on to excellent careers with high salaries.)

Quality of Higher Education and Employability of Graduates

Employability is regarded as an aspect of quality of higher education, or more precisely,

the benefit and usefulness of the study programme for career and work tasks. The analyses are

based on a comparative survey among graduates in 13 countries, five to six years after

graduation. The information about employability, or the usefulness of the study programme
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
related to work is based on the graduate’s own perceptions. The extent to which employability is

related to characteristics of the study programme is investigated, in addition to country

differences and to what extent the differences are affected by the graduates’ labour market

experiences. The analyses show that study programme characteristics have great impact on the

value of the programme in the world of work. These characteristics also have impact on the

initial country differences with regard to employability. The quality indicators have minor

influence on the chance of obtaining a job but significant effect on doing the job.

The student perspective on employability

Despite ongoing debate about whether they can and should, most higher education

institutions include the development of employability skills within their curricula. However, the

employers continue to report that graduates are not ready for the world of work, and lack some

of the most basic skills needed for successful employment. Research into why this might be

abounds from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, including government, employers,

higher education institutions and graduates. Interestingly though, the views of undergraduates,

the recipients of this employability development, are not well known. This could be important,

because learning theory tells us that motivation and commitment of learners is an essential

prerequisite for effective outcomes. So the question is raised as to whether undergraduate

students are engaged with employability skills development.

Practice in supporting employability development

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
The review found a substancial literature that looked at the practice and impact

associated with employability. There is a range of diverse approaches and practices through

which employability is delivered with in higher education. Disperate activities are taking place

across the sector, underpinned by arrange of pedagogic and ideological perspectives. The Higher

Education Academy’s Framework for embedding employability provides a summary of good

practice within the area. This framework emerged from a tradition of research and inquiry lead

by the HEA over the previous decade and beyond. The research that was published between

2012 and 2016 explores some of the key concepts articulaed in the framework and provides

further evidence, which can inform the development and implementation of the framework.

However, many of the studies from this period are small-small scale or confine to a partticular

disciplinary context. There is a clear need for systematic work to further define and evidence

what work in this place.

There are some pattern in the findings reported within the literature published between

2012 and 2016 that might be useful in guiding the development of HEP’s approaches to

employability. Many of this pattern echo key points made in HEA’s framework, and include

emphasising the importance of :

 Embedding employability in the curriculum and ensuring that students are able to make a

connection between employability outcomes and their discipline;

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
 Providing arranged of co-curricular and extra-curricula opportunities for students to

enhance their employability;

 Building links with the labour market and encouraging students to do the same. The

literature finds value in a wide range of connection between HEP’s and employers. In

particular, there is evidence of the impact of providing students with real connections to

employers and actual experience of the labour market;

 Supporting students to increase their confidence, self- belief and self-efficacy through their

studies;

 Encouraging reflection and increasing students capacity to articulate and communicate their

learning to employers;

 Encouraging student mobility and fostering a global pespective;

 Using institutional career guidance services as organizing and coordinating structures for

HEP’s employability strategies. However, in order to achieve this, the rule of the services

needs to be broadly conceived.

Chapter 3

Methodology
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
This chapter presents the research design used, the research instrument, the validity of

the instrument, the data gathering procedure, the data processing, and statistical data analysis.

Table 1. Profile of Respondents in terms of Gender, Year of Graduation and Program they

graduated

Categories Frequency Percent ( % )

Gender
Male 9 10.2
Female 79 89.8
Year of Graduation
2015 21 23.9
2016 25 28.4
2017 42 47.7
Program Graduated
Ladderized 77 87.5
Bachelor’s Degree 11 12.5
Total 88 100

Research Design
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
The researcher utilized a descriptive research study to describe the employability of

Ladderized and Bachelor’s Degree graduates.

According to (Manuel and Medel, 2016 ), descriptive study describes what is. It involves

the description, recording, analysis, and interpretation of the present nature, composition or

processes of the phenomena. The focus is on prevailing conditions, or how a person, group, or

thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves some type of comparison or contrast.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the graduates of WVSU-JC Ladederized and

Bachelor’s Degree Programs from the year 2015- 2017. The researchers used purposive

sampling to collect data.

Data Gathering Instruments

An adopted questionnaire from Monje and Retiraciom (2014) will be used to gather data

needed in the study. First part of the questionnaire is the profile of the respondents and second

part is the employability questions.

In the light of foregoing questions for its validity, it will be submitted for the review and

revision. After the correction, the questionnaire was submitted to the panel of experts for

validation.

Statistical Data Analysis

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
Frequency counts and percentages will be used to determine the employablity of

Ladderized and Bachelor’s Degree Programs graduates. Frequency counts and ranking will be

utilized to determine the reasons why some of the graduates were not employed.

CHAPTER 4
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
Results

Table 1 shows the profile of respondents. Out of 88 respondents, majority ( 79 or 89.8

percent ) were females and only 9 ( 10.2 percent ) were males.

In terms of year of graduation, the biggest number ( 42 or 47.7 percent ) graduated in

2017, 25 ( 28.4 percent ) were the 2016 graduates and the least numbers, 21 ( 23.9 percent )

graduated in 2015.

Furthermore, there were 77 ( 87.5 percent ) were the graduates of ladderized program

and only 11 ( 12.5 percent ) graduated as bachelor’s degree.

Table 1. Profile of Respondents in terms of Gender, Year of Graduation and Program they
graduated
Categories Frequency Percent ( % )
Gender
Male 9 10.2
Female 79 89.8
Year of Graduation
2015 21 23.9
2016 25 28.4
2017 42 47.7
Program Graduated
Ladderized 77 87.5
Bachelor’s Degree 11 12.5
Total 88 100
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
To determine the nature of graduate’s present employment, the proportion of employed,

underemployed and unemployed graduates was computed.

As an entire group, 48 ( 54.5 percent ) were employed ( related to the course), 19 ( 21.6

percent ) were underemployed ( not related to the course ) and 21 ( 23.9 percent ) were

unemployed.

When the respondents were grouped as to year of graduation, the biggest employment

percentage came from the 2016 graduates ( 64 percent ), followed by 2017 graduates and the

smallest percentage of employed came from the 2015 graduates. For the underemployed, the

biggest percentage was from 2015 graduates ( 23.8 percent ). Moreover, the biggest percentage

of unemployed came from the 2015 graduates ( 28.6 percent ).

Table 2- a Nature of Present Employment of Graduates as Entire Group and When Grouped as

to year of Graduation

Categories N Nature of Employment

Employed Underemployed Unemployed
Year of Graduation
f % f % f %
2015 21 10 47.6 5 23.8 6 28.6
2016 25 16 64.0 5 20.0 4 16.0
2017 42 22 52.4 9 21.4 11 26.2
Entire Group 88 48 54.5 19 21.6 21 23.9
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

The nature of present employment of graduates were also determined when grouped as

to program graduated. The results revealed that the higher percentage of employed and

underemployed were from the bachelor’s degree with 63.6 percent and 36.4 percent

respectively.

In terms of underemployed graduates, none from the bachelor’s degree while 21 ( 27.3

percent ) were from the ladderized program.

Table 2- b Nature of Present Employment of Graduates as Entire Group and When Grouped as

to Program Graduated

Categories N Nature of Employment

Employed Underemployed Unemployed
Program Graduated
f % f % f %
Ladderized 77 41 53.2 15 19.5 21 27.3
Bachelor’s Degree 11 7 63.6 4 36.4 0 0.0
Entire Group 88 88 54.5 19 21.6 21 23.9

Table 2 - C Presents the percentage of employed, underemployed and unemployed when

the respondents were grouped as to gender. It was revelead that the bigger proportion of

employed and underemployed were the male graduates as indicated by 55.6 percent and 33.3

percent respectively. Only 1 ( 11.1 percent ) male graduates were unemployed. Among the
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
female graduates, 43 ( 54.5 percent ) were employed, 16 ( 20.2 percent ) were enderemployed

and 20 ( 25.3 percent ) were unemployed.

As entire group, 48 ( 54.5 percent ) were employed, 19 ( 21.6 percent ) were

underemployed and 21 23.9 percent were unemployed.

Table 2 - C. Nature of Present Employment of Graduates When Grouped as to Gender

Categories N Nature of Employment

Employed Underemployed Unemployed
Gender
f % f % f %
Male 9 5 55.6 3 33.3 1 11.1
Female 79 43 54.5 16 20.2 20 25.3
Entire Group 88 48 54.5 19 21.6 21 23.9

Table 3. presents the employment profile of the employed graduates in terms of present

employment status, job sector and monthly salary. The data showed that out of 48 employed

graduates, 9 ( 18.8 percent ) were self-employed, 20 ( 41.7 percent ) were permanent and 19 (

39.5 percent ) were contractual.

As to job sector, majority ( 44 or 91.7 percent ) worked in private and only 4 ( 8.3

percent ) worked in public.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
Furthermore, as to monthly salary, most of them ( 39 or 81.2 percent ) were earning

above P5,000 to P10,000, 8 or 16.7 percent earned P10,000 and only 1 or 2.1 percent earned

P5,000 and above.

Table 3. Employment Profile of Employed Graduates

Employment Profile Frequency Percent( % )
Present Employment Status
Self-Employed 9 18.8
Regular /Permanent 20 41.7
Contractual /Temporary 19 39.5
Job Sector
Public 4 8.3
Private 44 91.7
Monthly Salary
Above P10,000 8 16.7
Above P5,000 to 10,000 39 81.2
P5,000 to below 1 2.1
Total 48 100

Table 4 shows the employment profile of the underemployed graduates in terms of

present employment status, job sector and monthly salary.

Out of 19 underemployed graduates, there were 2 or 10.5 percent Self- employed 6 or

31.6 percent Permanent and 11 or 57.9 percent Contractual.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
As to job sector, most of them ( 11 or 57.9 percent ) worked in the public and 8 or 42.1

percent worked in the private.

Moreover, as to monthly salary, there are 6 or 31.6 percent were earning above P10,000,

10 or 52.6 percent received an income of above P5,000 to P10,000 and 3 or 15.8 percent were

earning P5,000 and below.

Table 4. Employment Profile and Underemployed Graduates

Employment Profile Frequency Percent ( % )

Present Employment Status
Self- employed 2 10.5
Regular/ Permanent 6 31.6
Contractual/ Temporary 11 57.9
Job Sector
Public 11 57.9
Private 8 42.1
Monthly Salary
Above P10,000 6 31.6

Above P5,000 to P10,000 10 52.6

P5,000 and below 3 15.8
Total 19 100
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Reasons Why the Graduates Are Not Employed

Table 5 presents the reasons why the graduates were unemployed. The top three reasons

were, First was “ Family Responsibility” second “ They were not interested to work” and third

was “ Job offered was not suitable.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study aimed to determine the significant difference in the tracer study of

employability of BCM graduates as an entire grouped according to gender, year of graduation

and program they graduated.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Findings

1. When grouped as to employed ( related to the course), underemployed ( not related to

the course ) and unemployed, the biggest employment percentage came from the 2016

graduates, followed by 2017 graduates and the smallest percentage of employed came from the

2015 graduates. For the underemployed, the biggest percentage was from 2015 graduates.

Moreover, the biggest percentage of unemployed came from the 2015 graduates.

2. The nature of present employment of graduates were also determined when grouped as

to program they graduated. The results revealed that the higher percentage of employed and

underemployed were from the bachelor’s degree. In terms of unemployed graduates, none from

the bachelor’s degree while 21 were from the ladderized program.

3. The percentage of employed, underemployed and unemployed when the respondents

were grouped as to gender. It was revelead that the bigger proportion of employed and

underemployed were the male graduates. Only 1 male graduates were unemployed. Among the

female graduates, 43 were employed, 16 were underemployed and 20 were unemployed. As

entire group, 48 were employed, 19 were underemployed and 21 percent were unemployed.
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
4. The employment profile of the employed graduates in terms of present employment

status, job sector and monthly salary. The data showed that out of 48 employed graduates, 9

were self-employed, 20 were permanent and 19 were contractual. As to job sector, majority

worked in private and only 4 worked in public. Furthermore, as to monthly salary, most of them

39 were earning above P5,000 to P10,000, 8 earned P10,000 and only 1 earned P5,000 and

above.

5. the employment profile of the underemployed graduates in terms of present

employment status, job sector and monthly salary.Out of 19 underemployed graduates, there

were 2 or 10.5 percent Self- employed 6 or 31.6 percent Permanent and 11 or 57.9 percent

Contractual. As to job sector, most of them ( 11 or 57.9 percent ) worked in the public and 8 or

42.1 percent worked in the private. Moreover, as to monthly salary, there are 6 or 31.6 percent

were earning above P10,000, 10 or 52.6 percent received an income of above P5,000 to P10,000

and 3 or 15.8 percent were earning P5,000 and below.

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Conclusions

1. We conclude in this study, probably at this year they are skillfull and well trained so therefore

there’s a lot of opportunities was opened. Moreover, they are dedicated to find a job.

2. Therefore, we conclude that the bachelor’s graduate is more qualified than the ladderized in

terms of employment. Moreover, bachelor’s graduates have more skills, theories, and hospital

experience than the ladderized.

3. The number of female caregiver are greater than male.Most of the employed caregivers are

female. Girls has a passioned to care than boys.

4.

5. The graduates probably used the course just to apply different from caregiving work. They

wants to work immediately to sustained the needs of their family. He/she chooses to work within

the locality or near where he/she resides.

6. Needs to prioritize their family and to take care his/her children. They realized that other

profession are highly recommended than the caregiver. The work given is complicated or not

suitable for caregivers and probably the most qualified person (e.g. Nurses) is suited for the

work.
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Recommendations:
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

References

Rita Linda V. Jimeno (2016) Unemployment and its causes: Retrieved from manilastandard.net

Blenkinsopp J, Scurry T (2009) Graduate underemployed: a systematic literature review:

Retrieved from http://www.hrm-network.nl/conference3.html

Philippine Daily Inquirer (2018) Jobless rate eased to 5.3% in 2018; underemployment up at

16.4%

Rappler.com (2012) Underemployment hits 6-year high at 22.7% in July

Preston Cooper (2018) Underemployment Persists Throughout College Graduates’ Careers:

Retrieved from www.forbes.com

Liv Anne Storen and Per Olaf Aamodt (2010) The Quality of Higher Education and

Employability of Graduates: Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com

Alex Tymon
 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Appendices

Appendix A

Questionnaire

Dear Graduates:
Please complete this survey questionnaire as accurately and honestly as possible by
checking (√) the box corresponding to your responses. Your answers will be used for research
purposes in order to assess graduate’s employability, track professional growth and career
patterns, and improve the skills and learners for the demand for ladderized and bachelor’s
degree of caregiving graduates of WVSU-JC. Your anwers to this survey will be treated with
strictest confidentiality.
GENERAL INFORMATION

Name : ______________________________________________________
Gender : [ ] Male [ ] Female
Permanent Address: ____________________________________________________
3. A Current Address: _____________________________________________________
Email Address: ________________________________________________________
Contact Number(s): _____________________________________

B. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
6. [ ] 2015 [ ] 2016 [ ] 2017
7. EMPLOYMENT RECORD ( For those who are employed only)

Status Inclusive Dates

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
Occupation/ Job Job Sector (Permanent/ Office or From To Monthly
Description Public / Contractual/ Company Salary
Private Self- employed)
1
2
3
4
5

(For those who are not yet employed)

8. Please state the reason (s) why you are NOT yet employed. You may check (√) more than
one answer.

[ ] Shifted course
[ ] Family Responsibilities
[ ] Job offered was not suitable
[ ] Lack of self confidence to face the working world
[ ] Lack of work experience
[ ] Choose not to work
[ ] No job opportunity
[ ] Not interested to work
[ ] Health Problem
[ ] Others, please specify: ________________________________________

PLEASE INDICATE

Date the questionnaire was received : mo. _____/ day _______/ yr ________
Date the questionnaire was mailed back : mo. _____/ day ______/ yr _______

THANK YOU For taking time to fill out this questionnaire. PLEASE RETURN or MAIL BACK
THESE SHEETS TO THE RETURN ADDRESS INDICATED IN THE ATTACHED ENVELOP
PROMPTLY. Being one of the alumni of your institution, may we request you to list down the names of
other graduates from WVSU- Janiuay Campus including their addresses and contact number. Their
participation will also be needed to make this study more meaningful and useful.

Name Full Address Contact Number

 West Visayas State University
Janiuay Campus
Janiuay, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES