SPE GCS Annual Drilling

Symposium

Evaluating Barriers to Manage Drilling

Costs and Risks

Prosper Aideyan, P.E., Prozzane LLC

14 April 2016
Houston, Texas
Evaluating Barriers to Manage
Drilling Costs and Risks

Prosper Aideyan, P.E.

© Prozzane , LLC 2016

Contents
 Risk Management
 Barriers and Types
 Barrier Evaluation
 Barrier Effectiveness
 Bow-ties and Example Risks and Barriers
 Impact of Barriers on Drilling Optimization
 Barrier Generation
 Barrier Design and Selection
 Inherently Safer Design/Practices
 Other Example Bow-ties and Barriers to Risks

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Risk Management
 Risk Management: forecasting and evaluation of risks
together with the development of barriers to avoid or
minimize their impact

 Identification
 Assessment
 Barriers generation
 Barriers monitoring and review

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Risk Management Process

A- Risk Identification B- Risk Assessment

• Review effect of deviation in B • Assign probability and Impact
measurable parameters • Determine acceptable risk
• Review possible change in
A • Cancel operations where
energy in the system risks cannot be accepted
• Energy – mechanical,
hydraulic, heat, chemical etc.
Risk
Management

D-Monitoring and Review

• Review risks and barriers at
pre-defined frequency D C C-Barriers Generation
• Evaluate effectiveness and
reliability of barriers
• Testing and validation of
• Preventative,
barriers
detection/control, mitigation
• Consider upgrading
barriers
procedural barriers to
• People, Process, Equipment
passive/active barriers
• Passive, Active, Procedural
• Source new barriers due to
better technology or
government regulation
• Establishing KPIs
Barriers
 Barriers are simply “obstacle” to transfer/flow of energy
 Energy release “hazard” are contained by multiple
barriers

Source: Process Safety – Recommended Practice on Key Performance

Indicators. Report No. 456, 2011
Types of Barriers
 Preventative Barriers: Reduce likelihood of occurrence
 Elimination
 Prevention
 Control/Detection Barriers: detection of risk events/control
(indicators)
 Parameters trending such as ROP, WOB, d-exponent, MSE,Vibration,
Power etc.
 Alarms
 Can be use to determine the effectiveness of an action implemented
to address a risk
 It can be used to validate/update design (design vs. Actual)
 Mitigation Barriers: Minimize impact
 Mitigations
 Contingency plans

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 Barriers
 Control/Detection
Elimination “Listening” Barriers: This
Reduces the
chance of
involves operational
occurrence parameters trending or
Prevention testing such as:
Decreasing
Effectiveness  Torque and Drag
Detection/Control  WOB, RPM, MW
 Vibration/shocks
 Mud properties
Mitigation  D-exponent
Reduces
the impact  Positive and in-flow testing
Contingency Plan  Operation limits should be
defined with high and low
alarms
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Comparison of Preventative and Mitigation
Barriers

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Detection/Control Barriers
Power Graph
200
180
160 Desired region: Low MSE, High ROP
140
120

ROP, ft/hr
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
MSE, kpsi

Actual Data 100 HP 200 HP 400 HP 800 HP 1000 HP

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Evaluation of Barriers (1)
 Passive Barriers:
 No human action or control logic required e.g. Blast walls,
casing, cement, mechanical plugs, etc.
 Active Barriers:
 Requires some form of human intervention or control logic
e.g. BOP activation, alarms etc.
 Administrative/Procedural Barriers:
 Full human action required – someone has to take action e.g.
Procedure to pump sweeps at defined intervals, procedure to
ensure pipe movement etc.
 In most cases this should not form a basis of long term risk
reduction plan. It should be a temporary solution until an
active or passive barrier can be implemented

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 Evaluation of Barriers (2)
 People:
 Competency
 Behavior (speak up, STOP)
 Follow approved procedure or MOC to
change
 Process/Procedures:
 Company/industry standards
 Procedures for interpreting and
responding to upsets e.g. Ballooning
 Adequate procedure for tasks
 Equipment:
 Fit for purpose design/reliability
 Inspection, testing, maintenance
Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Barriers Effectiveness
 Barriers are more effective if they require less human
action and/or communication interface because of the
reduce probability of error and/or communication failure

Passive Active Barriers Administrative/Procedural

Barriers Barriers

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Bow-ties and Example Risk Barriers
 Bow-tie is a useful tool for building a framework of
barriers for any particular identified risk
 It is a diagrammatic representation of barriers to a risk
event with preventative barriers on one end and
mitigation barriers on the opposite end of the risk event
 Bow-tie makes it easier to spot barriers that need to be
strengthened for example presence of too many
procedural barriers

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Example Risks and Barriers - Vibration

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Example Risks and Barriers – Vibration

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Example Risks and Barriers – Differential
Stuck Pipe

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Example Risks and Barriers – Low ROP
 Prevention: Bit & BHA design, mud motor selection/RSS,
mud design, drilling parameters, drilling practices such as
hole cleaning
 Detection/Control: WOB, RPM, ROP, MSE, power graph &
vibration measurement and trending
 Mitigation: Design BHA with anti-vibration tools, ROP
enhancer
 Contingency: Plan to pull bit after wear, availability of
different bit types on location (PDC vs. rock bit), spares
on location

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Example Risks and Barriers – Hole Cleaning

19 Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

Impact of Barriers on Drilling Optimization
 Reduced well cost due to low
probability of NPT events
 Reduce cost of recovery from
NPT event due to available
mitigation and contingency
barriers
 Quick detection and control of
NPT events (parameters
monitoring & trending)
 Real time provides quick detection
and better control
 Effective barriers reduce the
chance of NPT events
 People,
process/procedures/equipment are
barriers to risk events

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Barriers Generation
 Barrier creation is a technical
challenge that can be addressed by:
 Using existing technology e.g. Use of
expandable liners
 Modifying of existing technology e.g.
Development of RSS for onshore
application, casing drilling
High Impact, Low Cost High Impact, High Cost
 Inventing new technologies where

Impact
appropriate and economical e.g. Ranging
etc.
 Cost and impact of barriers should be
evaluated
 Barrier options should be risk-
weighted to determine the most Low Impact, Low Cost Low Impact, High Cost

economical option
 Incremental cost of developing a
barrier should not outweigh its benefit
and reliability Cost
Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Barrier Design & Selection Concepts (ISD)
 Simplification: Avoid complex systems where possible, minimize number of weak links, select
barriers/designs that does not introduce other risks.
 Design cement jobs to limit the use of DV/stage cement tools
 Avoid foam cement in hydrocarbon zone
 Substitution: Use materials that are less “hazardous” or design well components to reduce
risk
 Use of heavy weight drill pipe instead of drill collars in horizontal wells
 Use spiral drill collars in high angle wells to minimize the probability of differential stuck
pipe
 Using rock bits to drill out cement plug
 Moderation: Avoid excess processes/procedures, people and equipment/tools
 Clear and concise procedures, well defined roles and responsibilities
 Limit downhole tools to what is absolutely necessary
 Optimize number of stabilizers and centralizers
 Modification: Modify well design, mud design, BHA design etc. to address identified risks
 Running PBL subs in BHA for lost circulation
 Adding stabilizers to BHA to control vibration
 Running intermediate casing/liner to isolate formation prone to wellbore instability
 Improve mud salinity to address wellbore instability

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 Inherently Safer Design/Practices (ISD)
When possible, select designs that eliminates and/or reduce hazards rather than
controlling them (designs with preventative barriers). If cost prohibitive , select designs
robust enough to minimize impact of a risk event (designs with mitigation barriers)
 Well Design:
 Drilling away from faults or intercepting faults at 90 degrees to minimize wellbore exposure
within faults, drilling away from shallow gas prone area
 Optimizing wellbore trajectory to minimize contacts force to reduce the chance of stuck pipe
 Mud Design: 3500

 Adequate mud weight, sufficient rheology for hole cleaning

3000

2500

Shear force (lbf)

 Mud properties to address wellbore stability 2000

1500

 Drilling procedures/practices: 1000

500

 Minimize swab and surge 0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

 Proper connection make-up

Distance from Bit (ft)

Vertical Transverse

 BHA Design:
Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P.
 Placing sensitive BHA components in section of BHA with low stress AIDEYAN

 Stabilized BHA to prevent vibration and differential stuck pipe

 Casing Design:
 Setting high integrity casing prior to penetrating hydrocarbon zone
 Using connections adequate for possible loads
 Long string vs. Liner + tieback

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Risk Management/Barriers – Other
Considerations
 Risks/barrier generation can be transferred to third party
contractors through contracts and legal agreement. (barriers
are generated by people with more expertise)
 for example the transfer of BOP NPT to rig contractors or BOP
manufacturers which forces them to perform rigorous testing,
inspection and maintenance
 Barriers to identified common risk can be jointly developed by
companies that share same risk by forming a consortium
 for example the development of capping stack by Marine Well
Containment Company (MWCC) or by participating in joint industry
project

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Reference
 Drilling Operations – Cost and Risk Management
 www.sigmaquadrant.com
 www.amazon.com

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 THANK YOU

QUESTIONS & COMMENTS

Evaluating Barriers to Manage Drilling Costs and Risks

Title
Presenter 26
Back-up

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Others Example Bow-ties and Risk Barriers
 Tagging Casing Early
 Well Collision
 Casing Wear
 Cementing

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Tagging Casing Early while RIH

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Well Collision Barriers

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Casing Wear

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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Cementing

Source: Drilling Operations: Cost and Risk Management by P. AIDEYAN

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