17EC442

Lab Manual

Object Oriented Programming (EC-204)

Submitted to

Prof. Mayur Sevak

By

Samir Barot

Enrollment No: 170080111003

ID no: 17EC442

Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya

(An Autonomous Institution)

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Samir Barot of second year (3rd semester)
Enrollment No. 170080111003 and ID no. 17EC442 has completed the
practical work in the Subject Object Oriented Programming (EC- 204),
satisfactorily in the Department of Electronics and communication at the
end of month october– 2018.

lab In-charge Head of Department

(Prof. Mayur Sevak) (Dr. Bhargav Goradiya)

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Program 1: Write a program to print hello world

on screen.

Program:

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
cout<<”Hello world”<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

Output:

Hello world

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Program 2: Write a program to accept integers,

float and string.

Program:

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
int i;
char c[50];
string s;
cout<<”enter int ,char and string”<<endl;
cin>>i>>f>>s;
cout<<”your data is :”<<i<<f<<s<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter int, char and string.

50
Bvm
Engineering college

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Program 3: Write a program to find average of two

numbers.

Program:

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
cout<<”enter integer a, and b”<<endl;
cin>>a>>b;
c=(a+b)/2;
cout<<”your average is “<<c<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter integer a and b

a=10
b=20
your average is
c=15

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Program 4: Write a program to check whether number

is even or odd.

Program:

#include<iostream>
Int main()
{
Int a;
cout<<”enter value of a”<<endl;
cin>>a;
if (a%2==0)
{
cout<<”number is even”<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<”the number is odd”<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter value of a 10
the number is even

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Program 5: Write a program to make a simple

calculator.

Program:

#include<iostream>
Int main()
{
char operator;
double num1,num2;
cout<<”enter an operator”<<endl;
cin>>operator;
cout<<”enter two operands”<<endl;
cin>>num1>>num2;
switch(operator)
{
case ‘+’ : cout<<num1+num2;
break;
case ‘-‘ : cout<<num1-num2;
break;
case ‘*’ : cout<<num1*num2;
break;
case ‘/’: cout<<num1/num2;
break;
default :
cout<<”wrong choice”<<endl;
break;
}
return 0;
}

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Output:

enter operator either + or – or *

enter two opearands :
3.4
8.4
3.4-8.4 = -5.0

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Program 6: write a program that uses a structure

to store three parts of phone number
seperately.

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
struct student
{
int roll_no;
string name;
int phone_number;
};

struct student p1 = {1,"James",123443882};

struct student p2, p3, p4;
p2.roll_no = 2;
p2.name = "Sam";
p2.phone_number = 123;
p3.roll_no = 3;
p3.name = "Addy";
p3.phone_number = 443;
p4.roll_no = 4;
p4.name = "George";
p4.phone_number = 882;

cout << "First Student" << endl;

cout << "roll no : " << p1.roll_no << endl;

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cout << "name : " << p1.name << endl;

cout << "phone no : " << p1.phone_number << endl;
cout << "Second Student" << endl;
cout << "roll no : " << p2.roll_no << endl;
cout << "name : " << p2.name << endl;
cout << "phone no : " << p2.phone_number << endl;
cout << "Third Student" << endl;
cout << "roll no : " << p3.roll_no << endl;
cout << "name : " << p3.name << endl;
cout << "phone no : " << p3.phone_number << endl;
cout << "Forth Student" << endl;
cout << "roll no : " << p4.roll_no << endl;
cout << "name : " << p4.name << endl;
cout << "phone no : " << p4.phone_number << endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

First Student
roll no : 1
name : Brown
phone no : 123443882
Second Student
roll no : 2
name : Sam
phone no : 123
Third Student
roll no : 3
name : Addy
phone no : 443
Fouth Student

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Program 7: write a program in C++ to implement

concept of refrence variable.

Program:

#include <iostream>
usingnamespacestd;

intmain()
{
inta=10;

/*reference variable is alias of other variable,

It does not take space in memory*/

int&b = a;

cout << endl << "Value of a: "<< a;

cout << endl << "Value of b: "<< b << endl;

return0;
}

Output:

Value of a:10
Value of b:10

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Program 8: Write a program in C++ to find sum of

digits of a number

Program:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,no,sum=0;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter any num : ";
cin>>no;
while(no>0)
{
a=no%10;
no=no/10;
sum=sum+a;
}
cout<<"\nSum of digits: "<<sum;
getch();
return 0;
}

Output:
Enter any number : 584
Sum of digits : 17

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Program 9: Write a program for function with default

arguments to find area of circle.

Program:

#include<iostream.h>
int main()
{
float radius,area,pi;
void display(void);
display();

cout<<"\n function with default parameters";

cout<<"\n enter the radius:"
cin>>radius;

float area(float,const float pi);

area=area(radius,pi=3.14);
cout<<"area of circle="<<area;

float area(float radius,const float pi=3.14)

{
float a=pi*radius*radius;
return(a);
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<"\n This is sample program for function"<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

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Output:

This is sample program for function

Function with default parameters
Enter the radius: 4
Area of circle = 50.240002

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Program 10: Write a program to illustrate the

concept of call by value and call by
reference by swapping of two numbers.

Program:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>

int main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<"Enter the values of a and b:"<<endl;
cin>>a>>b;
void swap(int,int);
void swap1(int &,int &);
cout<<"original values are:"<<endl;
swap(a,b);
cout<<"a="<<a<<"b="<<b<<endl;
cout<<"After call by value a and b remains unchanged"<<endl;
swap1(a,b);
cout<<"a=:"<<a<<"b=:"<<b<<endl;
cout<<"after call by reference original a and b changed"<<endl;
getch();
}
void swap(int a,int b)
{
a=a+b;
b=a-b;
a=a-b;
}

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void swap1(int &x,int &y)

{
x=x+y;
y=x-y;
x=x-y;
}
Return 0;
}

Output:

Enter the values of a and b : 3 5

Original values are
a=3 b=5
After the call by value of a and b remains unchanged
a=: 3 b=:5

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Program 11: Write a program to perform the concept

of scope resolution operator when used
in a program.

Program:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

char c = 'a';

int main()
{
char c = 'b';

cout << "Local variable: " << c << "\n";

cout << "Global variable: " << ::c << "\n";
return 0;
}

Output:
Local variable: b
Global variable: a

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When used in a class:

Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class programming
{
public:
void output();
};

void programming::output()
{
cout << "Function defined outside the class.\n";
}

int main()
{
programming x;
x.output();

return 0;
}

Output:

Function defined outside the class.

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Program 12: Write a program to implement concept

of function overloading.
(To calculate area )

Program:

#include<iostream>
Using namespace std;
float area(float,float,float);
float area(int);
int main()
{
cout<<area(10,20,30);
cout<<area(30);
Return 0;
}
float area(float l,float b,float h)
{
return(l*b*h);
}
float area(int r)
{
return(3.14*r*r);
}

Output:

6000
2826

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Program 13: Write a program to implement function

overloading in order to compute
power(m,n)
1)m is int and n is double
2)m and n are int.

Program:

#include<iostream>
Using namespace std;
int power(int,int);
double power(double, int);
int main()
{cout<<power(10,2)<<endl;
cout<<power(2.5,2)<<endl;
return 0;
}
Int power(int n,int m)
{
return (m^n);
}
double power(double n,int m);
{
return (m^n);
}

Output:

10^2
2.5^2

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Program 14:Write a program to demonstrate

declaration and initialization of
class.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class item
{
int number;
float cost
public;
void getdata(int a, float b);
void putdata(void)
{
cout<<"number :"<<number<,endl;
cout<<"cost :"<<cost<endl;
}
void item :: getdata(int a, float b)
{
number = a;
cost = b;
}
int main()
{
Item x;
cout<<"\nobject x "<<endl;
x.getdata(100,299.95)
x.putdata();

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Item y;
cout<<"\nobject y"<<"\n";
y.getdata(200,175.50),
y.putdata();
return 0;
}

Output:

object x
number :100
cost 299.95

object y
number :200
cost :175.5

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Program 15:Write a program to demonstrate the

implementation of class and objects.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class add
{
int a,b,c;
public:
void enter(void);
void summation(void);
void display(void);
};
void add :: enter(void)
{
cout<<"enter a"<<endl;
cin>>a;
cout<<"enter b"<<endl;
cin>>b;
}
void add :: summation(void)
{
c=a+b;
}
void add :: display(void)
{
cout<<"the addition is :"<<c;
}

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int main()
{
add a;
a.enter();
a.summation();
a.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

enter a
1
enter b
2
the addition is :3

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Program 16: write a program to find smallest

number from the two number with the
help of object and class.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class set
{
int m,n;
public:
void input(void);
void display(void);
int samllest(void);
};
int set :: smallest(void)
{
if(m<=n)
return(m);
else
return(n);
}
void set :: input(void)
{
cout<<"input values of m and n"<<endl;
cin>>m>>n;
}
void set :: display(void)
{

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cout<<"samllest value ="<<smallest()<<"/n";

}
int main()
{
set A;
A.input();
A.display();
return();
}

Output:

input value of m and n

25 and 18
smallest value = 18

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Program 17: write a program to perform the

operation on string class.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class string
{
char *name;
int length;
public:
string()
{
length=0;
name = new char[length + 1];
}
string(char *s)
{
length = strlen(s);
name = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(name, s);
}
void display(void)
{
cout<<name<<"\n";
}
void join(string &a, string &b);
};

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void string :: join(string &a, string &b)

{
length = a.length + b.length;
delete name;
name = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(name, a.name);
strcat(name, b.name);
}
int main()
{
char *first = "Joseph";
string name1(first),name2("Louis"),name3("Lagrange"),s1,s2;
s1.join(name1,name2);
s2.join(s1,name3);
name1.display();
name2.display();
name3.display();
s1.display();
s2.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

Joseph
Louis
Lagrange
Joseph Louis
Joseph Louis Lagrange

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Program 18: write a program in C++ to find a

number is Armstrong or not.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<math>
class armstrong
{
double a,digit;
public:
void getdata(void);
void arm(void);
};
void armstrong :: getdata()
{
cout<<"enter your digit of number"<<engl;
cin>>digit;
cout<<"enter the number"<<endl;
cin>>a;
}
void armstrong :: arm()
{
int n,d,sum=0;
n=a;
while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
n=n/10;
sum=sum+pow(d,digit);

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}
if(sum==a)
{
cout<<"number is armstrong."<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"number is not armstrong."<<endl;
}
}
int main()
{
armstrong A;
A.getdata();
A.arm();
return 0;
}

Output:

enter your digit of number:

3
enter the number:
153
number is armstrong.

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Program 19: write a program to implement

concept of manipulator SETW.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<siomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int Basic = 950, Allowance = 95, Total = 1045;
cout<<setw(10)<<"Basic"<<setw(10)<<Basic<<endl<<setw(10)<<"Allow
ance"<<setw(10)<<Allowance<<endl<<setw(10)<<"Total"<<setw(10)<<T
otal<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Basic 950
Allowance 95
Total 1045

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Program 20: Write a program to implement concept

of explicit type casting.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int p=25;
float q=35.56;
cout<<”p=”<<p<<endl;
cout<<”q=”<<q<<endl;
cout<<”p=”<<float(p)<<endl;
cout<<”q=”<<int(q)<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

p=25
q=35.56
p=25
q=35

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Program 21: Write a program to find

multiplication, division and cubic
values using inline function.

Program:

#include<iostream>
Using namespace std;
class line
{
public:
inline float mul(float p,float q)
{
return(p*q);
}
inline float div(float p,float q)
{
return(p\q);
}
inline float cube(float p,float q)
{
return(p*p*p);
}
};
int main()
{
line A;
float v1,v2;
cout<<”Enter two values:”<<endl;
cin>>v1,v2;
cout<<”Multiplication is:”<<A.mul(v1,v2)<<endl;

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cout<<”Division is:”<<A.div(v1,v2)<<endl;
cout<<”Cube is:”<<A.cubr(v1)<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two values:

5
2
Multiplication is:10
Division is:2.5
Cube is:125

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Program 22: Write a program in C++ for calculating

the factorial of given number
( Funtion Recursion)

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
double factorial(int n)
{
if(n==0)
return 1;
else
return(n*factorial(n-1));
}
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<”Enter the value of n:”<<endl;
cin>>n;
cout<<”Factorial is:”<<factorial(n);
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter the value of n:

4
Factorial is:24

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Program 23: Write a program to implement concept

of math functions.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
Using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<”sin(100):”<<sin(100.00)<<endl;
cout<<”cos(100):<<cos(100.00)<<endl;
cout<<”tan(100):”<<tan(100.00)<<endl;
cout<<”7 to the power of 6:”<<pow(7.0,6.0)<<endl;
cout<<”log10(10):”<<log10(10.00)<<endl;
cout<<”Square root of 2:”<<sqrt(2.00)<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

sin(100):-0.506366
cos(100):0.862319
tan(100):-0.587214
7 to the power of 6:117649
Log10(10):1
Square root of 2:1.4142

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Program 24: Write a program to implement nesting

of member using class to find largest
value among the two numbers.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class set
{
int a,b;
public:
void getdata(void);
void display(void);
int largest(void);
};
void set :: getdata(void)
{
cout<<"Input values of a and b:" << "\n";
cin >> a >>b;
}
int set :: largest(void)
{
if(a>b)
return (a);
else
return(b);
}
void set :: display(void)
{

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cout<<"Largest value ="<< largest( ) << "\n";

}

int main( )
{
set A;
A.getdata( );
A.display( );
return 0;
}

Output:

input values of a and b:

3 4
Largest value=4

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Program 25: Write a program to implement nesting

of member function using class to
find 1’s complement of given number.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class binary
{
string s;
public:
void read(void)
{
cout<<”enter a binary number:”;
cin>>s;
}
void chk_bin(void)
{
for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
{
if(s.at(i)!=’0’ && s.at(i)!=’1’)
{
cout<<”\nincorrect binary number format…the program will
quit”;
getch();
exit(0);
}

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}
}
void ones(void)
{
chk_bin();
for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
{
if(s.at(i)==’0’)
s.at(i)=’1’;
else
s.at(i)=’0’;
}
}
void displayones(void)
{
ones();
cout<<”\n the 1‘s compliment of the above binary number
is:”<<s;
}
};
int main()
{
binary b;
b.read();
b.displayones();
getch();
return 0;
}

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Output:

Enter a binary number:110101

the 1’s compliment of the above binary number is:001010
Enter a binary number:1101210
Incorrect binary number format… the program will quit

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Program 26: WAP to implement the process of

shopping list.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const tint m=50;
class ITEMS
{
int itemcode[m];
float itemPrice[m];
int count;
public:
void CNT(void){count=0;}
void getitem(void);
void displaySum(void);
void remove(void);
void displayItems(void);
};
void ITEMS:: getitem(void)
{
cout<<”Enter item code :”;
cin>>item Code[count];
cout<<”Enter item cost :”;
cin>> itemPrice[count];
count++
}
void ITEMS:: displaySum(void)
{

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float sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
sum=sum+itemPrice[i];
cout<<”\nTotal value:”<<sum<<”\n”;
}
void ITEMS::remove(void)
{
int a;
cout<<”enter item code:”;
cin>>a;
for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
if(itemcode[i]==a)
itemPrice[i]=0;
}
void ITEMS:: displayItems(void)
{
cout<<”\ncode Price\n”;
for{int i=0;i<count;i++)
{
cout<<”\n”<<itemcode[i];
cout<<” “<<itemPrice[i];
}
cout<<”n”;
}
int main()
{
ITEM order;
order.CNT();
int x;
do
{

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cout<<”\nYou can do the following;”;

cout<<”enter appropriate number \n”;
cout<<”\n1 : add an item”;
cout<<”\n2 : display total value”;
cout<<”\n3 : delete an item”;
cout<<”\n4 : display all items”;
cout<<”\n5 : Quit”;
cout<<”\n\nwhat is your option?”;

cin>>x;
switch(x)
{
case 1: order.getitem(); break;
case 2: order.displaySum();break;
case 3: order.remove();break;
case 4: order.displayItems();break;
case 5:break;
default :cout<<”error in iput; try again\n”;
}
} while(x!=5);
return 0;
}

Output:

You can do the following Enter appropriate number

1 : add an item
2 : display total value
3 : delete an item
4 : display all items

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5 : Quit

What is your option?1

Enter item code :111
Enter item cost :100

You can do the following Enter appropriate number

1 : add an item
2 : display total value
3 : delete an item
4 : display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?1

Enter item code :222
Enter item cost :200

You can do the following Enter appropriate number

1 : add an item
2 : display total value
3 : delete an item
4 : display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?1

Enter item code :333
Enter item cost :300

You can do the following Enter appropriate number

1 : add an item
2 : display total value

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3 : delete an item
4 : display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?2

Total value :600

You can do the following Enter appropriate number

1 : add an item
2 : display total value
3 : delete an item
4 : display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?3

Enter item code :222

You can do the following Enter appropriate number

1 : add an item
2 : display total value
3 : delete an item
4 : display all items
5 : Quit

What is your option?4

Code Price
111 100
222 0
333 300

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Program 27: Write a program to implement the

concept of static class member.

Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class item
{
static int count;
int num;
public:
void getdata(int a)
{
num=a;
count++;
}
void getcount(void)
{
cout<<"read :";
cout<< count <<"\n";
}
};

int item::count;
int main()
{
item a,b,c;
a.getcount();
b.getcount();

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c.getcount();
a.getdata(100);
b.getdata(200);
c.getdata(300);
cout<<"After reading the data"<<"\n";
a.getcount();
b.getcount();
c.getcount();
return 0;
}

Output:

read :0
read :0
read :0
After reading the data
read :3
read :3
read :3

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Program 28: Write a program to implement the

concept of static member functions.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class test
{
int code;
static int count;
public:
void setcode(void)
{
code=++count;
}
void showcode(void)
{
cout<<"object number: "<<code<<"\n";
}

static void showcount(void)

{
cout<<"count:"<<count<<"\n";
}
};
int test::count;
int main()
{
test t1,t2;

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t1.setcode();
t2.setcode();
test::showcount();
test t3;
t3.setcode();
test::showcount();
t1.showcode();
t2.showcode();
t3.showcode();
return 0;
}

Output:

count:2
count:3
object number: 1
object number: 2
object number: 3

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Program 29: Write a program to implement the

concept of arrays of objects.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class employee
{
char name[30];
float age;
public:
void getdata(vid);
void putdata(void);
};
void employee::getdata(void)
{
cout<<"Enter name: ";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Enter age: ";
cin>>age;
}
void employee::putdata(void)
{
cout<<"Name: "<<name<<"\n";
cout<<"Age: "<<age<<"\n";
}
const int size=3;
int main()
{

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employee manager[size];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<"\nDetails of manager"<<i+1<<"\n";manager[i].getdata();
}
cout<<"\n";
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<"\nManager"<<i+1<<"\n";
manager[i].putdata();
}
return 0;
}

Output:

Details of manager1
Enter name: manager1
Enter age: 30
Details of manager2
Enter name: manager2
Enter age: 35
Details of manager3
Enter name: manger3
Enter age: 40

Manager1
Name: manager1
Age: 30

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Manager2
Name: manager2
Age: 35

Manager3
Name: manger3
Age: 40

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Program30: Write a program to perform the addition

of two time objects using objects as
arguments.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class time
{
int hours;
int minutes;
public:
void gettime(int h, int m)
{ hours=h; minutes=m; }
void puttime(void)
{ cout<<hours<< "hours and ";
cout<<minutes<< "minutes"<<"\n";
}
void sum(time,time);
};
void time::sum(time t1,time t2)
{
minutes=t1.minutes+t2.minutes;
hours=minutes/60;
minutes=minutes%60;
hours=hours+t1.hours+t2.hours;
}
int main()
{

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time k1,k2,k3;
k1.gettime(2,45);
k2.gettime(3,30);
k3.sum(k1,k2);
cout<<"K1="; k1.puttime();
cout<<"K2="; k2.puttime();
cout<<"K3="; k3.puttime();

return 0;
}

Output:

K1=2hours and 45minutes

K2=3hours and 30minutes
K3=6hours and 15minutes

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Program 31: Write a program to find mean value of

a given numbers using friends
functions.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class sample
{
int a;
int b;
public:
void setvalue() {a=40;b=25;}
friend float mean(sample a);
};
float mean(sample s)
{
return float(s.a+s.b)/2.0;
}
int main() {
sample x;
x.setvalue();
cout<<"Mean value"<<mean(x)<<"\n";
return 0;
}

Output:
Mean value = 32.5

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Program 32: Write a program to add data objects

of two different classes using friend
functions.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
class matrix
{
int m[3][3];
public:
void read(void)
{
cout<<"Enter the elements of matrix: \n";
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
cout<<"m["<<i<<"]["<<j<<"]=";
cin>>m[i][j];
}
}
void display(void)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
cout<<"\n";

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for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
cout<<m[i][j]<<"\t";
}
}
}
friend matrix trans(matrix);
};
matrix trans(matrix m1)
{
matrix m2;
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
m2.m[i][j]=m1.m[j][i];
return(m2);
}
int main()
{
matrix mat1,mat2;
mat1.read();
cout<<"\nYou have entered the following matrix: ";
mat1.display();
mat2=trans(mat1);
cout<<"\nTransposed matrix:";
mat2.display();
getch();
return 0;
}

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Output:

Enter the element of the matrix:

m[0][0] = 1
m[0][1] = 2
m[0][2] = 3
m[1][0] = 4
m[1][1] = 5
m[1][2] = 6
m[2][0] = 7
m[2][1] = 8
m[2][2] = 9

you entered the following mtrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Transposed matrix:
1 5 7
2 5 8
3 6 9

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Program 33: Write a program to add two complex

numbers by the concept of returning
object.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class complex
{
float x, y;
public:
complex(){}
complex(float a) {x=y=a;}
complex(float real, float imag)
{x=real;y=imag;}
friend complex sum(complex, complex);
friend void show(complex);
};
complex sum(complex c1, complex c2)
{
complex c3;
c3.x=c1.x+c2.x;
c3.y=c1.y+c2.y;
return(c3);
}
void show(complex c)
{
cout<<c.x<<"+j"<<c.y<<"\n";
}

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int main()
{
complex a(2.7,3.5);
complex b(1.6);
complex c;

c=sum(a,b);
cout<<"A="; show(a);
cout<<"B="; show(b);
cout<<"C="; show(c);

return 0;
}

Output:

A = 2.7 + j3.5
B = 1.6 + j1.6
C = 4.1 + j6.4

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Program 34: Write a program to implement friend

function to two classes.

Program:
#include<iostream.h>
Using namespace std;

class ABC;
class XYZ;
{
int x;
public:
void setvalue(int i) {x=i;}
friend void max(XYZ,ABC);
};
Class ABC
{
int a;
public:
void setvalue(int i) {a=i;)
friend void max(XYZ,ABC);
};
Void max(XYZ m,ABC n)
{
if m.x>=n.a)
cout<<m.x;
else
cout<<n.a;
}
int main()

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{
ABC abc;
abc.setvalue(10);
XYZ xyz;
xyz.setvalue(20);
max(xyz,abc);
return 0;
}

Output:

20

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Program 35: Write a program to swap private data

of two classes.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class class2;
class class1
{
int value1;
public:
void indata(int a) {value1=a;}
void display(void) {cout<<value1<<"\n";}
friend void exchange(class1&, class2&);
};
class class2
{
int value2;
public:
void indata(int a) {value2=a;}
void display(void) {cout<<value2<<"\n";}
friend void exchange(class1&, class2&);
};

void exchange(class1&x, class2&y)

{
int temp=x.value1;
x.value1=y.value2;
y.value2=temp;

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}
int main()
{
class1 c1;
class2 c2;
c1.indata(100);
c2.indata(200);

cout<<"Values before exchange" <<"\n";

c1.display();
c2.display();
exchange(c1,c2);
cout<<"Values after exchange"<<"\n";
c1.display();
c2.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

Values before exchange

100
200
Values after exchange
200
100

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Program 36: Write a program to transpose a 3x3

matrix by the concept of returning
objects.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class MATRIX
{
int a[5][5];
int row,col;
public:
MATRIX(int x,int y)
{
row=x;
col=y;
}
void read();
void display();
void transpose();
};
void MATRIX::read()
{
cout<<"\n\nEnter elements of matrix:\n";
for(int i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
void MATRIX::display()

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{
for(int i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<"\n";
}
}
void MATRIX::transpose()
{
for(int i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
cout<<a[j][i]<<" ";
cout<<"\n";333
}
}
int main()
{
int m,n;
cout<<"Enter order of matrix: ";
cin>>m>>n;
MATRIX obj1(m,n);
obj1.read();
cout<<"Matrix is…\n";
obj1.display();
cout<<"Transpose of matrix is…\n";
obj1.transpose();
return 0;
}

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Output:

Enter order of matrix : 3 3

Enter elements of matrix:

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Matrix is
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Transpose of matrix is:

1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9

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Program 37: Write a program in C++ to add two

numbers using dereferencing
operators.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class M
{
int x;
int y;
public:
void set_xy(int a, int b)
{
x=a;
y=b;
}
friend int sum(M m);
};
int sum(M m)
{
int M::*px = &M :: x;
int M::*py = &M :: y;
M *pm = &m;
int S = m.*px + pm->*py;
return S;
}
int main()
{
M n;
void (M :: *pf) (int,int) = &M :: set_xy;

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(n.*pf) (10,20);
cout<<"Sum = "<<sum(n) <<"\n";
M *op =&n;
(op->*pf) (30,40);
cout<<"\n\n Sum ="<<sum(n)<<"\n";
return 0;
}

Output:

Sum = 30
Sum = 70

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Program 38: Write a program in C++ to implement

banking system.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
class bank
{
int ac;
static int reset;
float balance, amount, shorta;
public:
void deposit();
void withdraw();
void chkbalance();
int menu();
};
int bank::reset=0;
void bank::deposit()
{
cout<<"\nEnter Account Number:";
cin>>ac;
if(ac==1001)
{
cout<<"\nEnter Amount you want to Deposit:";
cin>>amount;
balance=balance+amount;

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cout<<"\n\n Message: You have successfully deposited

Rs."<<amount<<" into your account.\n Your Current Balance
is:"<<balance<<"\n\n";
reset++;
}
else
{
cout<<"You have entered invalid account number";
}
}
void bank::withdraw()
{
cout<<"Enter Account Number:";
cin>>ac;
if(ac==1001)
{
cout<<"Enter Amount you want to Withdraw:";
cin>>amount;
if(amount>balance)
{
shorta=amount-balance;
cout<<"\n\nYou cannot withdraw Rs."<<amount<<" as
your account balance is Rs."<<balance<<"\n\nYou are short of
Rs."<<shorta;
}
else
{
balance=balance-amount;
cout<<"You have Withdrawn Rs."<<amount<<"
Successfully\n\n Your account balance is:"<<balance<<"\n\n";
}
}
else
{

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cout<<"You have entered invalid account number";

}
}
void bank::chkbalance()
{
cout<<"Enter Account Number:";
cin>>ac;
if(reset==0)
{
balance=0;
}
if(ac==1001)
{
cout<<"Your Account balance is Rs."<<balance<<"\n\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"Account Doesn't Exist!!";
}
}
int main()
{
bank ob;
int ch;
do {
cout<<"\n\n\n1.Deposit\n2.Withdraw\n3.Balance
Enquiry\n4.Exit\n\n";
ch=ob.menu();
switch(ch)
{
case 1:ob.deposit();
break;
case 2:ob.withdraw();

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break;
case 3:ob.chkbalance();
break;
case 4: exit(1);
default:cout<<"Invalid Choice!!";
}
}while(1);
return 0;
}
int bank::menu()
{int ch;
cout<<"\nEnter your Choice:";cin>>ch;
return ch;
}

Output:

1.deposit
2.withdraw
3.balance inquiry
4.exit

enter your choice: 2

enter account number: 1001
enter amount you want to deposit: 1500
message: you have successfully deposited rs.1500 into yours
account
your account balance is: 1000

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Program 39: write a program to implement the

concept of constructor and
destructor.
Program:
#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
class MyClass
{
public:
int x;
MyClass();
~MyClass();
};
MyClass::MyClass()
{
x = 10;
}
MyClass::~MyClass()
{
cout<< "Destructing ...\n";
}
int main()
{
MyClass ob1;
MyClass ob2;
cout <<ob1.x<< " " <<ob2.x<<"\n";
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
10 10

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Program 40: Write a program to check given

number is prime or not.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class prime
{
int n;
public:
prime()
{
cout<<"enter number"<<endl;
cin>>n;
}
void check()
{
int i,c=0;
for(i=2;i<n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
c++;
break;
}
}
if(c==0)
cout<<"prime";
else
cout<<"not prime";
}
};
int main()
{
prime p;
p.check();
return 0;7
}

Output:
enter number
11
Number is prime

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 17EC442

Program 41: write a program to calculate the

factorial of a given number.
Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class fact
{
int n;
public:
fact()
{
cout<<"enter num:"<<endl;
cin>>n;
}
fact(fact &f1)
{
n=f1.n;
}
void cal()
{
int i,ans=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
ans=ans*i;
}
cout<<"fact is"<<ans<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
fact f1;
fact f2(f1);
f2.cal();
return 0;
}

Output:
Enter number :4
Factorial is :24

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Program 42: Write a program to implement concept

of Overloaded constructor.
Program:

#include<iostream.h>
using namespace std;
class complex
{
float x,y;
public:
complex()
{}
complex(float a)
{
x=y=a
}
complex(float real , float imag)
{
x=real;
y=imag;
}
friend complex sum(complex , complex);
friemd void show(complex);
};
complex sum(complex c1 , complex c2)
{
complex c3;
c3.x= c1.x + c2.x;
c3.y= c3.y + c3.y;
return c3;
}
void show(complex c)
{
cout<<c.x<<”+j”<<c.y<<endl;
}
int main()
{
complex A(2.7 , 3.5);
complex B(1.6);
complex C;
C=sum(A,b);
Cout<<”A=”<<show(A)<<endl;
Cout<<”B=”<<show(B)<<endl;
Cout<<”C=”<<show(C)<<endl;
Return 0;
}

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Output:
A=2.7 + j3.5
B=1.6 + j1.6
C=4.3 + j5.1

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 17EC442

Program 43: Write a program to implement dynamic

initialization of constructors.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class fixed_deposit
{
long int p_amount;
int years;
float rate;
float R_value;
public:
fixed_deposit()
{}
fixed_deposit(long int p,int y,float r=0.22);
fixed_deposit(long int p,int y,int r);
void display(void);
};
fixed_deposit :: fixed_deposit(long int p,int y,int r)
{
p_amount =p;
years =y;
rate =r;
R_value = p_amount;
for(int i=0;i<=y;i++)
R_valur = R_value*(1.0+float(t)/100);
}
void fixed_deposit :: display(void)
{
cout<<”principal amount=”<<P_amount<<endl;
cout<<”return value=”<<R_value<<endl;
}
int main()
{
fixed_deposit fd1,fd2,fd3;
long int p;
int y;
float r;
int R;
cout<<”enter the amount,period,rate(%)”<<endl;
cin>>p>>y>>R;
fd1= fixed_deposit(p,y,R);
cout<<”enter the amount,period,rate”<<endl;
cin>>p>>y>>r;
fd2= fixed_deposit(p,y,r);
cout<<”enter the amount,period”<<endl;
cin>>p>>y;
fd3= fixed_deposit(p,y);

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cout<<”deposite 1”<<endl;
fd1.display();
cout<<”deposite 2”<<endl;
fd2.display();
cout<<”deposite 3”<<endl;
fd3.display();
return 0;
}

Output:
Enter the amount,period,rate(%)
1000 3 18
Enter the amount,period,rate
1000 3 0.18
Enter the amount,period
1000 3
Deposite 1
Principal amount : 10000
Return value : 16430.3
Deposite 2
Principal amount : 10000
Return value : 16430.3
Deposite 3
Principal amount : 10000
Return value : 14049.3

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Program 44: Write a program to implement concept

of copy constructor.

Program:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class code
{
int id;
public:
code()
{ }
code(int a)
{
id=a;
}
code(code & x)
{
cout<<id;
}
};
int main()
{
code A(100);
code B(A);
code C=A;
code D;
D=A;
cout<<endl<<”id of A:”;A.display();
cout<<endl<<”id of B:”;B.display();
cout<<endl<<”id of C:”;C.display();
cout<<endl<<”id of D:”;D.display();
return 0;
}

Output:
id of A:100
id of B:100
id of C:100
id of D:100

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Program 45: Write a program to construct strings

in objects using dynamic
constructor.

Program:

#include<string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class string
{
char *name;
int length;
public:
string()
{
length=0;
name=new char[length+1];
}
string(char *s)
{
length=strlen(S);
name=new char[length+1];
strcpy(name,s);
}
void display()
{
cout<<name<<endl;
}
void join(string &a, string &b);
};
void string::join(string &a, string &b)
{
length=a.length + b.length;
delete name;
name= new char[length+1];
strcpy(name,a.name);
strcat(name,b.name);
}
int main()

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{
char *first=”Joseph “;
string name1(first), name2(“Louis “), name3(“Lagrange
“), s1, s2;
s1.join(name1, name2);
s2.join(s1, name3);
name1.display();
name2.display();

name3.display();
s1.display();
s2.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

Joseph
Louis
Joseph Louis
Joseph Louis Lagrange

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 17EC442

Program 46: Write a program to implement concept

of unary operator overloading.

Program:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class space
{
int x, y, z;
public:
void getdata(int a, int b, int c);
void display();
void operator –();
};
void space: : getdata(int a, int b, int c)
{
x=a;
y=b;
z=c;
}
void space: : display()
{
cout<< x<<” “<<y<<” “<<z<<” “<<endl;
}

void space: :operator –()

{
x=-x;
y=-y;
z=-z;
}
int main()
{
space S;
S.getdata(10, -20, 30);
cout<<”S : “;
S.display();
-S;
cout<<”S : “;
S.display();

return 0;
}

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 17EC442

Output:
S : 10 -20 30
S : -10 20 -30

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 17EC442

Program 47: write a program to implement the

concept of unary operator using
friend function.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class space
{
int x;
int y;
int z;
public:
void getdata(int a,int b,int c);
void display(void);
friend void operator –(space &s);
};
void space::getdata(int a,int b,int c)
{
x=a;
y=b;
z=c;
}
void space::display(viod)
{
cout<<”x=”<<x<<” “;
cout<<”y=”<<y<<” “;
cout <<”z=”<<z<<endl;
}

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void operator-(space &s)

{
s.x=-s.x;
s.y=-s.y;
s.z=-s.z;
}
Int main();
{
space S;
S.getdata(10,-20,30);
cout<<”S:”;
S.display();
-S;
cout<<”-S:”;
S.diaplay();
return 0;
}

Output :

S:x=10 y=-20 z=30

-S:x=-10 y=20 z=-30

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Program 48: write a program to implement concept

of binary operator overloading.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class complex;
{
float x,y;
public:
complex(){}
complex(float real,float imag)
{
x=real;
y=imag;
}
complex operator+(complex);
void display(viod);
};
complex complex::operator+(complex c)
{
complex temp;
temp.x=x+c.x;
temp.y=y+c.y;
return(temp);
}
void complex::display(viod)
{
cout<<x<<”+j”<<y<<endl;

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}
int main()
{
complex c1,c2,c3;
c1=complex(2.5,3.5);
c2=complex(1.6,2.7);
c3=c1+c2;
cout<<”c1=”;c1.display();
cout<<”c2=”;c2.display();
cout<<”c3=”;c3.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

c1=2.5+j3.5
c2=1.6+j2.7
c3=4.1+j6.2

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Program 49: write a program to implement concept

of binary operator overloading using
friend function.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class complex;
{
float x,y;
public:
complex(){}
complex(float real,float imag)
{
x=real;
y=imag;
}
friend complex operator+(complex,complex);
void display(viod);
};
complex operator+(complex a,complex b)
{
return complex((a.x+b.x),(a.y+b.y));
}
void complex::display(viod)
{
cout<<x<<”+j”<<y<<endl;
}
int main()

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{
complex c1,c2,c3;
c1=complex(2.5,3.5);
c2=complex(1.6,2.7);
c3=operator+(c1+c2);
cout<<”c1=”;c1.display();
cout<<”c2=”;c2.display();
cout<<”c3=”;c3.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

c1=2.5+j3.5
c2=1.6+j2.7
c3=4.1+j6.2

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Program50: Write a program to for multiplication

of vector using operator
overloading with friend function.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const size=3;
class vector
{
int v[size];
public:
vector();
vector(int *x);
friend vector operator*(int a,vector b);
friend vector operator *(vector b,int a);
friend istream &operator >>(istream &,vector &);
friend ostream &operator <<(ostream &,vector &);
};
vector::vector()
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
v[i]=0;
}
vector::vector(int *x)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
v[i]=x[i];
}

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vector operator *(int a,vector b)

{
vector c;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
c.v[i]=a*b.v[i];
return c;
}
vector operator *(vector b,int a)
{
vector c;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
c.v[i]=a*b.v[i]*a;
return c;
}
istream & operator >>(istream &din,vector &b)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
din>>b.v[i];
return(din);
}
ostream & operator <<(ostream &dout,vector &b)
{
dout<<”(“<<b.v[0];
for(int i=1;i<size;i++)
dout<<”,”<<b.v[i];
dout<<”)”;
return(din);
}
int x[size]={2,4,5};
int main()
{

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vector m;
vector n=x;
cout<<”enter element of vector m:”<<endl;
cin>>m;
cout<<endl;
cout<<”m=”<<m<<endl;
vector p,q;
p=2*m;
q=n*2;
cout<<endl;
cout<<”p=”<<p<<endl;
cout<<”q=”<<q<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

enter element of vector m:

5 10 15
m=(5,10,15)
p=(10,20,30)
q=(4,8,12)

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Program 51: Write a program to perform

mathematical operations on strings.

Program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>

class string
{
char *p;
int len;
public:
string() {leb=0; p=0;}
string(const char*s);
string(const string &s);
~string(){delete p;}
};
string::string(const char *s)
{
len=strlen(s);
p=new char[len+1];
strcpy(p,s);
}
string::string(const string &s)
{
len=s.len;
p=new char[len+1];
strcpy(p,s.p);
}
string operator+(const string &s, const string &t)
{
string temp;
temp.len=s.len+t.len;
temp.p=new char[temp.len=1];
strcpy(temp.p,s.p);
strcat(temo.p,t.p);
return(temp);
}
int operator<+(const string &s. const string &t)
{
int m= strlen(s.p);
int n= strlen(t.p);
if(m<=n) return(1);
else return (0)l

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}
void show(const string s)
{
cout<<s.p;
}
int main()
{
string s1=”New”;
string s2=”York”;
string s3=”Delhi”;
t1=s1;
t2=s2;
t3=s1+s3;
cout<<”t1=”;show(t1);
cout<<”t2=”;show(t2);
cout<<endl;
cout<<t3=”;show(t3);
cout<<endl;
if(t1<=t3)
{
show(t1);
cout<<”Smaller than”;
show(t3);
cout<<endl;
}
else
{
show(t3);
cout<<”Smaller than”;
show(t1);
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
t1=New
t2=York
t3=New Delhi

New smaller than New Delhi

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Program 52: Write a program to add and multiply

two matrix objects by overloading of
“+“and “*“operators using friend
function.
Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class matrix
{
int **p;
d1;
public:
matrix() { };
matrix (int a);
void getdata();
void putdata();
friend matrix operator + (matrix A, matrix B);
friend matrix operator * (matrix A, matrix B);
};
matrix :: matrix (int a)
{
d1=a;
p=new int * [d1];
for(int i=0;I < d1; i++)
{
p[i]= new int [d1];
}
}
void matrix :: getdata()
{
for(int i=0 ;i< d1; i++)
{
for(int j=0 ;j< d1; j++)
{
cin>>p[i][j];
}}}
void matrix : : putdata()
{
for(int i=0 ;i< d1; i++)
{
for(int j=0 ;j< d1; j++)
{
cout<<p[i][j]<<” “;
}
cout<<endl;

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}
}
matrix operator + (matrix A, matrix B)
{
matrix C(A.d1);
for(int i=0 ;i< d1; i++)
{
for(int j=0 ;j< d1; j++)
{
C.p[i][j]=A.p[i][j]+B.p[i][j];
}
}
return C;
}
matrix operator * (matrix A, matrix B)
{
matrix C(A.d1);
for(int i=0 ;i< d1; i++)
{
for(int j=0 ;j< d1; j++)
{ C.p[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0 ;k< d1; k++)
{
C.p[i][j]= C.p[i][j]+(A.p[i][k]*B.p[k][j]);
}}}
return C;
}
int main()
{
int a;
cout<<”Enter the size of the matrix :”;
cin>>a;
matrix A(a), B(a), C(a);
cout<<”Enter the matrix 1”<<endl;
A.getdata();
cout<<”Enter the matrix 2”<<endl;
B.getdata();
C=A+B;
matrix D(a);
D=A*B;
cout<<”Addition : “<<endl;
C.putdata();
cout<<”Product :”<<endl;
D.putdata();
return 0;
}

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Output:
Enter the size of the matrix : 3
Enter the matrix 1
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Enter the matrix 2
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Addition :
2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 10
Product :
6 6 6
15 15 15
24 24 24

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Program 53: Write a program to convert data of

one type to another using two
classes.

Program:
include <iostream>
class example2;

class example1
{
int id;
int numbers;
int cost;
public:
example1(int a, int b, int c)
{
id = a;
numbers = b;
cost = c;
}

example1(const example2 & e)

{
*this = e;
}

example1& operator=(const example2 & e);

{
return id;
}
int getnumber() const
{
return numbers;
}
int getcost() const
{
return cost;
}
void display()
{
std::cout << "Example 1" << std::endl;
std::cout << "id " << id << std::endl;

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std::cout << "numbers " << numbers << std::endl;

std::cout << "cost " << cost << std::endl;
}

};

class example2
{
int id;
int value;
public:
example2(int x, int y)
{
id = x;
value = y;
}
example2(const example1 &e)
{
*this = e;
}
{
id = e.getid();
value = e.getnumber() * e.getcost();
return *this;
}

int getid() const

{
return id;
}
int getvalue()const
{
return value;
}
void display()
{
std::cout << "Example 2" << std::endl;
std::cout << "id " << id << std::endl;
std::cout << "value " << value << std::endl;
}
};
{
id = e.getid();
numbers = -1; //do real work to get cost and numbers from
e.getvalue()
cost = -1;
return *this;
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int main()
{
example1 s1(100, 5, 140.0);
example2 s2(1, 2);
s2 = s1;
s2.display();
example2 s3(314, 278);
s1 = s3;
s1.display();
return 0;
}
Output:
a = 5
a = 5
b = 10
c = 50

a = 5
b = 20
c = 100

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Program 54: Write a program to implement concept

of single inheritance using public
class

Program:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class B
{
int a;
public:
int b;
void get_ab();
int get_a();
void show_a();
};
class D :public B
{
int c;
public:
void mul ();
void display();
};
void B: : get_ab()
{
a=5; b=10;
}
int B: : get_a()
{
return a;
}
void B : : show_a()
{
cout<<”a = “<<a<<endl;
}
void D :: mul ()
{
c=b * get_a();
}
void D : : display()
{
cout<<”a = “<<get_a()<<endl;
cout<<”b = “<<b<<endl;

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cout<<”c = “<<c<<endl<<endl;
}
int main()
{
D d;
d.get_ab();
d.mul();
d.show_a();
d.display();

d.b=20;
d.mul();
d.display();
return 0;
}

Output:
a = 5
a = 5
b = 10
c = 50

a = 5
b = 20
c = 100

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Program 55: Write a program to implement concept

of single inheritance using private
class

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class B
{
int a;
public:
int b;
void get_ab();
int get_a();
void show_a();
};
class D :private B
{
int c;
public:
void mul ();
void display();
};
void B: : get_ab()
{
cout<<”Enter values of a and b: “;
}
int B: : get_a()
{
return a;
}
void B : : show_a()
{
cout<<”a = “<<a<<endl;
}
void D :: mul ()
{
get_ab();
c= b * get_a();
}
void D : : display()
{
show_a();

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cout<<”b = “<<b<<endl;
cout<<”c = “<<c<<endl<<endl;
}
int main()
{
D d;
d.mul();
d.display();

d.mul();
d.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

Enter values of a and b: 5 10

a = 5
b = 10
c = 50

Enter values of a and b: 12 20

a = 12
b = 20
c = 240

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Program 56: write a program to implement concept

of multiple inheritance.
Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class M
{
protected:
int m;
public:
void get_m (int x)
{
m=x;
}};
class N
{
protected:
int n;
public:
void get_n (int y)
{
n=y;
}
};
class P: public M, public N
{
public:
void display()
{
cout<<”m = “<<m<<endl;
cout<<”n = “<<n<<endl;
cout<<”m*n = “<<m*n<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
P p;
P. get_m (20);
P. get_n (10);
P.display();
return 0;

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Output:
m = 20
n = 10
m*n = 200

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Program 57: Write a program to implement the

concept of multilevel inheritance.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class subject
{
protected:
int roll_number:
public:
void get_number;
void put_number;
};
void student :: get_number(int a)
{
roll_number = a;
}
void student :: put_number()
{
cout<<"roll number:"<<roll_number<<"\n";
}
class test : public student
{
protected:
float sub1;

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float sub2;
public:
void get_marks(float, float);
void put_marks(void);
};
void test :: get_marks(float x, float y)
{
sub1 = x;
sub2 = y;
}
void test :: put_marks()
{
cout<<"marks in sub1 ="<<sub1<<"\n";
cout<<"marks in sub2 ="<<sub2<<"\n";
}
class result : public test
{
float total;
public:
void display(void);
};
void result :: display(void)
{
total = sub1 + sub2;
put_number();
put_marks();
cout<<"Total = "<<total<<"\n";

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}
int main()
{
result student1;
student1.get_marks(111);
student1.get_marks(75.0,59.5);
student1.display();
return 0;
}

Output:

roll number: 111

marks in sub1: 75
marks in sub2: 59.5
total=134.5

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Program 58: Write a program to implement the

concept of hybrid inheritance.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class stu
{
protected:
int rno;
public:
void get_no(int a)
{
rno=a;
}
void put_no(void)
{
out<<"Roll no"<<rno<<"\n";
}
};
class test:public stu
{
protected:
float part1,part2;
public:
void get_mark(float x,float y)

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{
part1=x;
part2=y;
}
void put_marks()
{
cout<<"Marks
obtained:"<<"part1="<<part1<<"\n"<<"part2="<<part2<<"\n";
}
};
class sports
{
protected:
float score;
public:
void getscore(float s)
{
score=s;
}
void putscore(void)
{
cout<<"sports:"<<score<<"\n";

}
};

class result: public test, public sports

{

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 17EC442

float total;
public:
void display(void);
};
void result::display(void)
{
total=part1+part2+score;
put_no();
put_marks();
putscore();
cout<<"Total Score="<<total<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
result stu;
stu.get_no(123);
stu.get_mark(27.5,33.0);
stu.getscore(6.0);
stu.display();
return 0;
}

Output:
Roll no: 38

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Marks obtained :
part1= 45
part2= 40
Sports: 46
Total score= 131

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 17EC442

Program 59: Write a program to implement the

concept of virtual base class.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class student
{
protected:
int roll_number;
public:
void get_number(int a)
{
roll_number = a;
}
}
void put_number(void)
{
cout<<"roll no:"<<roll_number<<"\n";
}
};
class test : virtual public student
{
protected:
float part1,part2;
public:

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void get_marks(float x,float y)

{
part1 = x; part2 = y;
}
void put_marks(void)
{
cout<<"marks obtained:"<<"\n";
cout<<"part1 = "<<part1<<"\n";
cout<<"part2 = "<<part2<<"\n";
}
};
class sports : public virtual student
{
protected:
float score;
public:
void get_score(float s)
{
score = s;
}
void put_score(void)
{
cout<<"sports wt:"<<score<<"\n\n";
}
};
class result : public test,public sports
{

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 17EC442

float total;
public:
void display(void);
};
void result :: display(void)

total = part1 + part2 + score;

put_number();

put_marks();

put_score();

cout<<"total score: "<<total<<"\n";

int main()

result student_1;

student_1.get_number(678);

student_1.get_marks(30.5,25.5);

student_1.get_score(7.0);

student_1.display();

return 0;

Output:
Roll no: 678
Marks obtained:
Part 1: 30.5
Part 2: 25.5
Sport wt = 7
Total score= 63

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 17EC442

Program 60: Write a program to implement the

concept of constructors in an
derived class.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class alpha
{
int x;
public:
alpha(int i)
{
x = 1;
cout<<"alpha initialized \n";
}
void show_x(void)
{cout<<"x = "<<x<<"\n";
};
class beta
{
float y;
public:
beta(float j)
{
y=j;

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cout<<"beta initialized \n";

}
void show_y(void)
{cout<<"y="<<y<<"\n";}
};
class gamma : public beta, public alpha
{
int m,n;
public:
gamma(int a, float b, int c, int d);
alpha(a), beta(b)
{
m=c;
n=d;
cout<<"gamma initialized \n";
}
void show_mn(void)
{
cout<<"m = "<<m<<"\n";
cout<<"n = "<<n<<"\n";
}
};
int main()
{
gamma g(5, 10.75, 20, 30);
cout<<"\n";
g.show_x();

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g.show_y();
g.show_mn();
return 0;
}

Output:

Beta initialized
Alpha initialized
Gamma initialized
X = 5
Y = 10.5
M = 20
N = 30

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 17EC442

Program 61: Write a program to implement concept

of manipulators of operators using
dereferencing operator.

Program:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class alpha
{
int x;
public:
alpha(int i)
{
x=I;
cout<<”Alpha Constructed”;
}
void show_alpha()
{
cout<<”x=”<<x<<endl;
}
};
class beta
{
float p,q;
public:
beta(float a, float b): p(a),q(b+p)
{
cout<<”Beta Constructed”;
}
};
class gamma: public beta, public alpha
{
int u,v;
public:
gamma(int a, int b, float c):
alpha(a*2), beta(c,c), u(a)
{v=b; cout<<”Gamma Constructed:”}

void show_gamma()
{
cout<<”u=”<<u<<”endl;
cout<<”v=”<<v<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{

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gamma g(2,4,2.5);
cout<<Display member values”<<endl;
g.show_alpha();
g.show_beta();
g.show_gamma();
return 0;
}

Output:
beta constructed
alpha constructed
gamma constructed

Display member values

x= 4
p= 2.5
q= 5
u= 2
v= 4

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 17EC442

Program 62: Write a program to implement concept

of manipulators of operators using
dereferencing operator.

Program:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int *pc, c;

c = 5;
cout << "Address of c (&c): " << &c << endl;
cout << "Value of c (c): " << c << endl << endl;

pc = &c;
cout << "Address that pointer pc holds (pc): "<< pc << endl;
cout << "Content of the address pointer pc holds (*pc): " <<
*pc << endl << endl;

c = 11;
cout << "Address pointer pc holds (pc): " << pc << endl;
cout << "Content of the address pointer pc holds (*pc): " <<
*pc << endl << endl;

*pc = 2;
cout << "Address of c (&c): " << &c << endl;
cout << "Value of c (c): " << c << endl << endl;

return 0;
}

Output:
Address of c (&c): 0x7fff5fbff80c
Value of c (c): 5

Address that pointer pc holds (pc): 0x7fff5fbff80c

Content of the address pointer pc holds (*pc): 5

Address pointer pc holds (pc): 0x7fff5fbff80c

Content of the address pointer pc holds (*pc): 11

Address of c (&c): 0x7fff5fbff80c

Value of c (c): 2

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 17EC442

Program 63: Write a program to perform

arithmetic operations on pointers.

Program:
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int num[]={56,75,22,18,90};
int *ptr;
int I;
clrscr();
cout<”The array values are:”;
for(i=0;I,5;i++)
cout<<num[i]<<endl;
ptr=num;
cout<<”Value of ptr:”*ptr;
cout<<endl;
ptr++;
cout<<”Value of ptr++:”*ptr;
cout<<endl;
ptr--;
cout<<”Value of ptr--:”*ptr;
cout<<endl;
ptr=ptr+2;
cout<<”Value of ptr+2:”*ptr;
cout<<endl;
ptr=ptr-1;
cout<<”Value of ptr-1:”*ptr;
cout<<endl;
ptr+=3;
cout<<”Value of ptr+3:”*ptr;
cout<<endl;
ptr-=2;
cout<<endl;
cout<<”Value of ptr-=2:”<<*ptr;
cout<<endl;
getch();
}

Output:
Enter the count
5
Enter the numbers one by one
10

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 17EC442

16
23
45
34
Sum of even Numbers: 60

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 17EC442

Program 64: Write a program to implement the

array with pointers.

Program:
void main()
{
int numbers[50],*ptr;
int n,I;
cout<<”Enter the count”;
cin>>n;
cout<<”Enter the numbers one by one”;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>numbers[i];
ptr=numbers;
int sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(*ptr%2==0)
sum=sum+*ptr;
ptr++;
}
cout<<”Sum of even Numbers:”<<sum;
}

Output:
Enter the count
5
Enter the numbers one by one
10
16
23
45
34
Sum of even Numbers: 60

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 17EC442

Program 65: Write a program to implement concept

of array of pointers.

Program:
#include <iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>

using namespace std;

void main()
{
int i=0;
char *ptr[10]={“books”,” Television”, ”computer”, ”sports”};
char str[25];
clrscr();
cout<<”Enter your favorite leisure pursuit:”
cin>>str;
for(i=0; i<4;i++)
{
if(lstrcmp(str, *ptr[i]))
{
cout<<Your Favorite pursuit”<<”is available here”<<endl;
break;
}
}
if(i==4)
cout<<”Your favorite”<<”not available here”<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}

Output:
Enter your favorite leisure pursuit: books
Your favorite pursuit is available here.

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Program 66: Write a program to implement concept

of pointers to functions.
Program:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef void (*FunPtr)(int , int );
void Add (int i, int j)
{
cout<<i<<” + “<<j<<” = “<<i+j;
}
void Subtract (int i, int j)
{
cout<<i<<” – “<<j<<” = “<<i-j;
}
int main()
{
FunPtr ptr;
ptr= & Add;
ptr(1,2);
cout<<endl;
ptr= & Subtract;
ptr(3,2);
return 0;
}

Output:
1 + 2 = 3
3 – 2 = 1

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Program 67: Write a program to implement the

concept of pointers to objects.

Program:
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
class item
{
int code;
float price;
public:
void getdata(int a,float b)
{
code=a;
price=b;
}
void show()
{
cout<<”Code:”<<code<<endl;
cout<<”Price:”<<price<<endl;
}
};
const int size=2;
int main()
{
item *p = newitem[size];
item *d=p;
int x,I;
float y;
for(i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<”Input code and price for item”<<i+1;
cin>>x>>y;
p->getdata(x,y);
p++;
}
for(i=o;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<”Item:”<<i+1<<endl;
d-show();
d++;
}
return 0;
}

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Output:
Input code and price for item1 40 500
Input code and price for item2 50 600
Item: 1
Code: 40
Price: 500
Item: 2
Code: 50
Price: 600

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Program 68: Write a program to implement the

concept of array of pointers to
objects.

Program:
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
class city
{
protected:
char *name;
int len;
public:
city()
{
len=0;
name=new char[len+1]
}
void getname()
{
char *s;
s=new char[30]
cout<<”Enter city name:”;
cin>>s;
len=strlen(s);
name=new char[len+1];
strcpy(name,s);
}
void printname()
{
cout<<name<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
city *cptr[10];
int n=1;
int option;
do{
cptr[n]=new city;
cptr[n]->getname();
n++;
out<<Do you want to enter one more name?;
cout<<”(Enter 1 for yes and 0 for no):”;
cin>>option;
}

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while(option);
cout<<endl;
for(int i=1;
I,+n;i++)
{
cptr[i]->printname();
}
return 0;
}

Output:
Enter city name: Hyderabad
Do you want to enter one more name?
(Enter 1 for yes and 0 for no);1
Enter city name: Ahemdabad
Do you want to enter one more name?
(Enter 1 for yes and 0 for no);1
Enter city name: Vadodara
Do you want to enter one more name?
(Enter 1 for yes and 0 for no);0

Hyderabad
Ahemdabad
Vadodara

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Program 69: Write a program to implement the use

of THIS pointer.

Program:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class person
{
char name[20];
float age;
public:
person(char *s, float a)
{
strcpy (name, s);
age=a ;
}
person & person : : greater(person & x)
{
if(x.age > = age)
return x;
else
return *this;
}

void display()
{
cout<<”Name : <<name<<endl<<”Age : “<<age<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
person P1(“John”, 37.50), P2(“Ahmed”, 29.0),
P3(“Hebber”,40.25);
person P = p1.greater(P3);
cout<<”Elder person is : “<<endl;
P.display();

P = p1.greater(P2);
cout<<”Elder person is : “<<endl;
P.display();
return 0;
}

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Output:
Elder person is :
Name : Hebber
Age : 40.25
Elder person is :
Name : John
Age : 37.50

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Program 70: Write a program to implement the usage

of pointers to derived object

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class BC
{
public:
int b;
void show()
{
cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
}
};
class DC:public BC
{
public:
int d;
void show()
{
cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n"
<<"d="<<d<<"\n";
}
};
int main()
{
BC *bptr;
BC base;

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bptr=&base;
bptr->b=100;
cout<<"bptr points to base object \n";
bptr->show();
DC derived;
bptr=&derived;
bptr->b=200;
cout<<"bptr now points to derived object \n";
bptr->show();
DC *dptr;
dptr=&derived;
dptr->d=300;
cout<<"dptr is derived type pointer\n";
dptr->show();
cout<<"using ((DC*)bptr)\n";
((DC*)bptr)->d=400;
((DC*)bptr)->show();
return 0;
}

Output:
bptr points to base object
b=100
bptr now points to derived object
b=200
dptr is derived type pointer
b=200
d=300
using ((DC*)bptr)
b=200d=400

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Program 71: Write a program to implement concept

of virtual Functions.
Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
void display() {cout<<”Display Base”;}
virtual void show() {cout<<”Show Base”;}
};
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
void display() {cout<<”Display Derived”;}
virtual void show() {cout<<”Show Derived”;}
};
int main()
{
Base B;
Derived D;
base *bptr;
cout<<”bptr points to Base;
bptr=&B;
bptr->display();
bptr->show();
cout<<”bptr points to Derived;
bptr=&D;

}
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Output:
bptr points to base
Display Base
Show base
bptr points to Derived
Display Base
Show derived

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Program 72: Write a program to implement concept

of run time polymorphism using
virtual Functions.
Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class media
{
Protected:
Char title[50];
Float price;
Public:
media(char *s,float a)
{
strcpy(title,s);
price=a;
}
virtual void display(){}
};
class book: public media
{
int pages;
public:
book
(char *s,float a,int p) : media(s,a)
{
pages=p;
}
void display();
};

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class tape :public media

{
float time;
public:
tape(char *s, float a,float t):media(s,a)
{
time=t;
}
void display();
};
void book:: display()
{
cout<<”Title:”<<title;
cout<<”Pages:”<<pages;
cout<<”Price:”<<price;
}
void tape::display()
{
cout<<”Title:”<<title;
cout<<”Play Time”<<time<<”mins”;
cout<<price:”<<price;
}
int main()
{
char*title=new char[30];
float price,time;
int pages;

cout<<”ENTER BOOK DETAILS”;

cout<<”Title:”; cin>>title;
cout<<”Price:”; cin>>price;

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cout<<”Pages:”; cin>>pages;

book book1(title,price,pages);

cout<<”ENTER TAPE DETAILS”;

cout<<”Title:”; cin>>title;
cout<<”Price:”; cin>>price;
cout<<”Play Time(mins):”; cin>>time;

tape tape1(title,price,time);
media*list[2];
list[0]=&book1;
list[1]=&tape1’

cout<<MEDIA DETAILS”;
cout<<”......BOOK......”;
list[0]->display();
cout<<”......TAPE......”;
list[1]->display();
return 0;
}

Output:
ENTER BOOK DETAILS
TITLE: EDC
PRICE: 88
PAGES: 400

ENTER TAPE DETAILS

TITLE: DCD
PRICE: 90
PLAY TIME : 55

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MEDIA DETAILS
......BOOK......
PRICE: 88
PAGES: 400

......TAPE......
TITLE: DCD
PLAY TIME: 55 mins
PRICE:90

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Program 73: Write a program that uses a single

file for both reading and writing the
data.

Program:

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
int main()
{
ofstream outf("ITEM");
cout<<"Enter item name:";
char name[30];
cin>>name;
outf<<name<<"\n";
cout<<"Enter item cost:";
float cost;
cin>>cost;
outf <<cost<<"\n";
outf .close();
ifstream inf("ITEM");
inf >>name;
inf >>cost;
cout<<"\n"
cout<<"Item name:"<<name<<"\n";
cout<<"item cost:"<<cost<<"\n";
inf.close();
return 0;
}

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Output:
Enter item name:CD-ROM
Enter item cost:250

Item name:CD-ROM
Item cost:250

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Program 74: Write a program for specifying field

size using width()

Program:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int items[4]={10,8,12,15};
int cost[4]={75,100,60,99};
cout.width(5);
cout<<”ITEMS”;
cout.width(8);
cout<<”COST”;
cout.width(15);
cout<<”TOTAL VALUE”;
int sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
cout.width(5);
cout<<items[i];
cout.width(8);
cout<<cost[i];
int value=items[i]*cost[i];
cout.width(15);
cout<<value<<endl;
sum=sum+value;
}
cout<<”Grand Total=”;
cout.width(2);

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cout<<sum<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output:
ITEMS COST TV
10 75 750
8 100 800
12 60 720
15 99 1485

Grand total= 3755

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Program 75: Write a program for precision using

precision()

Program:
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<”Precision set to 3 Digits”;
cout.precison(3);
cout.width(10);
cout<<”VALUE”;
cout.width(15);
cout<<DQRT_OF_VALUE”<<endl;
for(int n=1; n<+5;n++)
{
cout.width(8);
cout<<n;
cout.width(13);
cout<<sqrt(n)<<endl;
cout<<”Precsion set to 5 digits”;
cout.precision(5);
cout<<”sqrt(10)=”sqrt(10)<<endl;
cout.precison(0);
cout<<sqrt(10)=”<<sqrt(10)<<”(default setting”;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

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Precision set to 3 digits

VALUE SQRT_OF_VALUE
1 1
2 1.41
3 1.73
4 2
5 2.24

Precision set to 5 Digits

sqrt(10)=3.1623
sqrt(10)=3.162278(Default Setting)

Program 76: Write a program for padding with

fill()

Program:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout.fill(‘<’);
cout.precision(3);
for(int n=1; n<=6;n++)
{
cout.width(5);
cout<<n;
cout.width(5);
cout<<1.0/float(n)<<endl;

if(n==3)

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cout.fill(‘>’);
}
cout<<”Padding Changed”:
cout.fill(‘#’)
cout.width(15);
cout<<12.345678<<”endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
<<<<1<<<<<<<<<1
<<<<2<<<<<<<0.5
<<<<3<<<<<0.333
>>>>4>>>>>>0.25
>>>>5>>>>>>>0.2
>>>>6>>>>>0.167
Padding changed
######12.346

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Program 77: Write a program to design your own

manipulator to provide the following
output specifications for printing
money value.

Program:
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
ostream & currency(ostream &output)
{
output<<"&";
return output;
}
ostream &form(ostream &output)
{
output.self(ios::showpos);
output.self(ios::showpoint);
output.fill('*');
output.precision(2);
output<<setionsflags(ios::fixed)<<setw(10);
return output;
}
int main()
{
cout<<currency<<form<<99.92;
return 0;
}

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Output:
& ****99.92

Program 78: Write a program to create a database

regarding the introduction.

Program:

#include<iostream>
class patient
{
char name[10],doa[10],dod[10];
public:
int getdata()
{
cout<<"enter the name of patient:";
gets(name);
cout<<"\nenter the date of admit:";
gets(doa);
cout<<"\nenter the name of disease:";
gets(dis);
cout<<"\nenter the date of discharge:";
gets(dod);

}
int show()
{

cout<<"\n\nNAME";puts(name);
cout<<"\nDate of ADMIT:";puts(doa);

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cout<<"\nName of DISEASE:";puts(dis);
cout<<"\nDate of DISCHARGE:";puts(dod);

};
int main()
{
patient p[2];
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
{
p[i].getdata;
}
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
{
p[i].show;
}
return 0;
}

Output:

enter the name of patient:Archies

enter the date of admit:first of October
enter the name of disease: jaundice
enter the date of discharge: second of November

enter the name of patient:Angelo

enter the date of admit:Fourth of march
enter the name of disease: Asthma
enter the date of discharge:fifth of march
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Name:Archies
date of Admit:first of October
name of DISEASE: jaundice
date of DISCHARGE: second of November

Name:Angelo
date of ADMIT:Fourth of march
name of DISEASE: Asthma
date of DISCHARGE:fifth of march

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Program 79: Write a program to swap a number using

concept of function template.

Program:
#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

template <class T>

void swap(T &x, T &y)
{
T temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
}
void fun(int m,int n)
{
cout<<”m and n before swap:”<< m <<” ”<< n <<”\n”;
Swap(m,n);
cout<<”m and n after swap:”<< m <<” ”<< n <<”\n”;
}
int main()
{
fun(100,200);
return 0;
}

Output:

m and n before swap: 100 200

m and n after swap: 200 100

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Program 80: Write a program to create a class

template to find the greater of two
numbers.
Program:
#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
template <class t1,class t2>
class greater
{
t1 a;
t2 b;
Public:
greater(t1 x,t1 y)
{
a=x;
b=y;
}
int compare()
{
if (a>b)
cout<<a<<”is greater than”<<b<<endl;
else
cout<<b<<”is greater than”<<a;
}
};
int main()
{
greater<float , int>g1(5.4,7);
g1.compare();
greater<int , float>g2(9,9.7);
g2.compare();
return 0;
}

Output:

7 is greater than 5.4

9.7 is greater than 9

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Program 81: Write a program to perform exception

handling operation.
Program:
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<”enter 2 numbers:”;
cin>>a>>b;
try
{
if (b!=0)
{
float div = (float)a/b;
if (div < 0)
throw ‘e’;
cout<<”a/b =”<<div;
}
else
throw b;
}
catch (int e)
{
cout<<“Exception: Division by zero”;
}
Catch (char st)
{
cout<<“Exception: Division is less than 1”;
}
Catch (int e)
{
cout<<“Exception: Unknown”
}
getch();
return 0;
}

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Output:
Enter 2 numbers: 8 5
a/b = 1.6
Enter 2 numbers: 9 0
Exception: Division by zero
Enter 2 numbers: -1 10
Exception: Division is less than 10

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Program 82: Write a program to perform exception

handling for divide by zero.
Program:
#include <iostream.h>
using nampespace std;
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
float d;
clrscr();
cout<<”enter the value of a:”;
cin>>a;
cout<<”enter the value of b:”;
cin>>b;
cout<<”enter the value of c:”;
cin>>c;
try
{
if((a-b)!=0)
{
d=c/(a-b);
cout<<”result is:”<<d;
}
else
{
throw(a-b);
}
}
catch(int i)
{
cout<<”answer is infinite because a-b is:”<<i;
}
getch();
}

Output:
Enter the value for a: 20
Enter the value for b: 20
Enter the value for c: 40
Answer is infinite because a-b is: 0

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