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 INDEX
_________________________________________________________
CONTENTS

SI. NO PROSE POETRY

1. A. Hero Grandma Climbs A Tree

2. There s a Girl By The Tracks! Quality Of Mercy

3. Gentleman Of Rio En Medio I am The Land

4. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar The Song of India

5. The Concert Jazz Poem Two

6. The Discovery Ballad Of The Tempest

7. Colors of Silence The Blind Boy

8. Science and Hope of Survival Off To Outer Space Tomorrow

Morning

SUPPLEMENTARY READING

1. Narayanpur Incident

2. On Top Of The World

3. A Great Martyr Ever Cherished

4. The Bird of Happiness

 1. A Hero
Multiple choice questions:
1. Swami’s father was a
a) Teacher b) doctor c) lawyer d) police
2. The interesting news that Swami’s father drew his attention was
a) Five burglars were arrested b) a girl met with an accident
c) The bravery of a village lad fought with a tiger d) a burglar was caught by little boy
3. The report said that the boy who fought with a tiger stayed on the tree for half-a-day he did so
because.
a) He wanted to watch the tiger from the top of a tree. b) He was coward
c) He wanted someone to kill the tiger. d) he wanted to take rest for some time.
4. The important thing according to Swami’s father was
a)Courage b) strength c) age d)all of them
5. A frightful proposition according to Swami was
a) sleeping beside granny b) fighting with a tiger
c) sleeping in the office room alone d) challenging his father
6. Swami always slept beside
a. his mother b) his granny c) his brother d) his grand father
7. “From a challenge it had become a command”. What does command refer to here?
a) killing the tiger b) sleeping in the office room alone one night
c) prove the news paper report wrong d) catching the burglar
8. The disgraceful thing according to Swami’s father was_
a) sleeping beside his granny like a baby b) arguing with his father
c) being coward d) sleeping alone in the office room
9. Swami’s grandmother’s practice before she went to bed was
a) telling stories to Swami b)singing songs for Swami to sleep
c) eating fruits singing lullaby to Swami d)writing her diary
10. When Swami’s father pulled away Swami’s blanket, for Swami he looked like
a) an apparition b) a brave man c) burglar d) a head master
11. Swami was supported most by his
a) father b)granny c)headmaster d)mother
12. Swami thought the safe, compact and the reassuring place in the office room was
a) under the bench b) on the ground c) on the cot d) on the table
13. Swami saw a moving creature in the room. it was
a) his shadow b) a scorpion c)a man d)a devil
14. Swami said that there were scorpions behind the law books because
a) He saw the scorpions behind the books before b) the room was dusty
c) he was afraid of scorpions d)he wanted to escape from his father’s command
15. Swami’s father wanted him to sleep alone in the office room to
a) be brave b) test his courage c) he disliked him d) develop good habit
16. Swami was appreciated as a true scout by his
a) class teacher b) friends c) father d)head master
17. Swami did not want to be a
a) bus conductor b) engine driver c) police d) railway guard
18. Swami became a hero when he caught the
a) snake b) ghost c) tiger d) burglar
Answer the following in two -three sentences (2 marks questions)
1) Swami’s father drew his attention to a report in the newspaper. What was the report about?
Ans: The newspaper report was about the braver of a village lad who while returning home fought
with a tiger. He stayed half a day on the tree till some people came and killed the tiger.
2) What was swami’s comment on the newspaper report? How did his view differ from that of his
father?
Ans: Swami commented that the boy cannot kill the tiger and he must be a grown up person.
But Swami’s father commented that anyone who has courage can do anything if he has courage and
strength and age are not important.
3) What desperate attempts did Swami make to escape from his father?
1. He tried to change the subject by asking his father to join the cricket club.
2. He requested his father to allow him to sleep in the office room from the first of next month.
3. He went silently and pretended like sleeping beside his granny.
4. When he was following his father to office room he looked at his mother and granny.
5. He told his father that there were scorpions behind the law books in the office room.
4) Why do you think Swami looked at his granny and his mother while following his father to the
office room?
Ans: Swami looked at his granny and his mother while following his father to the office room
because he thought they would stop his father taking him to the office room and support him.
He did not like to sleep on the office room alone.
5) As silence deepened in the room, what was Swami reminded of?
Ans: As silence deepened in the room Swami reminded the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard
in his life. For example His Chum Mani had seen the devil in the banyan tree at his street end and the
poor Muniswami’s father spat out blood when the devil slapped him near the river.
6) Why did Swami feel that his father’s proposition was frightful?
Ans: Swami thought his proposition was frightful. Because he always slept beside his granny in the
passage, and any change in this arrangement kept him awake all the night.
7) There was absolute silence in the room. in spite of it, some noises reached Swami’s ears. What
were they?
Ans: ln silence in the office room Swami heard some noises -the tickling off the clock, rustling of
trees, snoring sound, humming sound of vague.
8) As night advanced, Swami felt that something terrible would happen to him. What would it
be? How would it happen?
Ans: It would be devil. As night advanced, Swami felt that something terrible would happen to him.
He thought that the devils would come up to him and carry him away
9) How was Swami honored by his classmates, teacher and the headmaster?
Ans: His classmates looked at him with respect, and his teacher patted his back. The headmaster said
that he was a true scout.
10) Why were congratulations showered on Swami the next day?
Ans: Congratulations were showered on Swami the next day because he had bitten deep into the
notorious house breaker of the district and helped the police.
11) Why did father want Swami to sleep alone in the office room?
Ans: Father wanted Swami to sleep alone in the office room because he wanted Swami to sleep alone
in the office room to show his courage. He also wanted Swami to stop sleeping beside his granny
like a baby and develop courage good habit.
12) Why did Swami feel relieved at the end?
Ans: Swami felt relieved at the end because his father gave up the idea of making him sleep alone in
the office room thereafter.
13) Do you think Swami really wanted to join the police? lf not, what did he want to be?
Ans: Swami did not want to join the police. He wanted to be an engine driver, a railway guard, or a
bus conductor later in life.
14) Why did Swami say that there were scorpions behind the law books?
Ans: Swami said that there were scorpions behind the law books because he did not like to sleep in
the office room and it was just a trick to escape from his father.
EXTRACTS ( 3 marks )
1) “I think he must have been a very strong and grown-up person, not a boy at all. How could a
boy fight a tiger?”
a) Who is the speaker? /Who said this? Ans: Swami
b) What does the speaker mean by this statement? Ans: The speaker means that the news paper
report was wrong as the boy cannot fight a tiger and he must have been a grown up person.
c) What do you understand about speaker? Ans: The speaker means that he believes that
strength and age are important
2) “How can it be father? Suppose I have all the courage what could I do if a tiger should attack
me?”
a) Who is the speaker? /Who asked this? Ans: Swami
b) Why did the speaker say so?
Ans: The speaker means that he believes that strength and age are important.
c) How did the response affect him?
Ans: His father challenged him to sleep alone in the office room to show his courage
3) “Leave alone strength, can you prove that you have courage? Let me see if you can sleep alone
tonight in my office room?”
a) Who posed this challenge? Ans: Swami’s Father.
b) Did he accept the challenge? Ans: No, He did not accept the challenge.
c. Why didn’t Swami accept? Ans:It was a frightful proposition for him.
4) “From the first of the next month, I’ll sleep alone father.”
a) Who wanted to sleep alone? Ans: Swami wanted to sleep alone.
b) Why did he request his father to allow him sleep alone from the first of next month?
Ans: He requested his father to allow him to sleep from the first of next month only to escape from
his father.
5) “No, you must do it now, it is disgraceful sleeping beside his granny or mother like a baby. You
are in the second form and I don’t like the way you are being brought up”
a) Who commanded like this? Ans: Swami’s father commanded Swami like this.
b) What is shameful here? Ans: Swami slept beside his granny or mother like a baby.
c. Why did the speaker make the statement? Ans- He wanted his son to be more courageous
6) “Please, please shut up granny. Don’t talk to me, and don’t let anyone call me even if the house is on
fire. If I don’t sleep at once, perhaps I shall die.”
a) Who requested like this? Ans: Swami requested his granny.
b) did swami success in his effort? Ans – No
c) Why did he request so? Ans: Because he wanted to escape from his father by just
pretending to be asleep.
7) “Let me sleep in the hall, Father, Your office room is very dusty and there may be scorpions
behind your law books”
a) Who wanted to sleep in the hall? Ans: Swami wanted to sleep in the hall.
b) Why did the speaker complain that there were scorpions in the office room?
Ans: No, There were no scorpions actually. It was just a trick to escape from his father.
c. Why did father want him to sleep in the office room? Ans: to make him courageous boy.
8) “I’ll make you the laughing stock of your school.”
a) Who is the speaker? Ans: Swami’s Father
b) Who wanted to make him the laughing stock of his school?
Ans: Swami’s father wanted to make Swami the laughing stock of his school.
C) Why did speaker tell like that? Ans-Because Swami used to sleep beside his granny like a
baby. He wanted him to be courageous
9) Congratulations were showered on him the next day.
a) Who was congratulated? Ans: Swami was congratulated
b) How was speaker congratulated?
Ans- headmaster fatted his back and police invited to join police department
 c) Why were congratulations showered? Ans: He had bitten deep into one of the notorious
house breakers of the district and helped the police
10) “Aiyo! Something has bitten me"
a) Who cried “Aiyo! Something has bitten me”? Ans : The burglar cried.
b) Why caused him to make an agonized cry? Ans: As he entered the office room swami
saw him and managed to catch his leg and bite with his teeth.
c.-when did he make agonized cry? Ans- when the burglar try to enter the office room through the
window Swami caught his leg and bit him
11) "No, you must learn not to be afraid of darkness. It is only a question of habit. You must
cultivate good habits.”
a) Who was afraid of darkness? Ans: Swami was afraid of darkness.
b) What was the good habit according to the speaker? Ans: Having Courage and bravery
c) Why did speaker suggest so? Ans: Because swami had the habit of sleeping beside his granny like
a baby. He wanted him to get courage.
IV. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph of 8-10 sentences
1. A report about a boy in the newspaper was an unexpected event in Swami’s life. Justify.
Ans: The newspaper carried a report about a village lad who had fought bravely against a tiger, while
he was returning home by the jungle path. Swami argued that a boy could not fight a tiger; it had to
be a strong, grown-up person. His father disagreed saying that courage was more important. Swami
was not ready to accept this. His father then challenged him to show his courage by sleeping alone in
the office that night. While Swami was sleeping there, he saw a dark figure. Believing it to be the
devil. Swami dug his teeth into its leg. It turned out to be a notorious burglar whose loud cry brought
others to the scene. The burglar was caught and Swami became a hero over night.
2. What desperate attempts did Swami make to escape from his father?
Ans: Swami’s father challenged him to sleep alone in the office room that night. Swami was filled
with fear and tried desperately to make his father change his mind. He told his father that he would
sleep alone from the first of the next month. But his father did not agree. Swami then went to sleep
near his granny, pulled the blanket over his face and pretended to be fast asleep. However, his father
soon came there and pulled him out of bed. Swami tried to appeal to his mother and granny but not
successful. Then Swami told his father that office room was dusty and scorpions were there.
Swami’s father didn’t leave him but made him sleep in the office room.
3. Narrate Swami’s dreadful experience when he was lying under the bench.
Ans: Swami crept under the bench, shut his eyes light and covered himself with the blanket. Soon he
fell asleep. He began to have a nightmare that a tiger was chasing him. He tried to escape. He
groaned in despair. He put his hand out to feel his granny’s presence, but he touched wooden leg of
the bench. He moved to the edge of the bench and thought that the devil would pull him out and tear
him as it came nearer, he crawled, hugged and used his teeth on it like a mortal weapon. Swami had
a dreadful experience under the bench.
4. Narrate how a coward boy Swami became a hero overnight?
Ans: Swami inevitably had to sleep in the office room. He spent that tight with the fear of the devils
and the nightmares. Then He saw something moving in darkness. He thought that his end had come
and the devil had come to carry him away. Finally as an attempt for survival he hugged it with all his
might, and used his teeth as mortal weapon on it. It was not the devil but the burglar who cried with
agony and fell amidst the furniture with a bleeding ankle. The notorious house breaker of the district
was arrested by the police. The police were grateful to him. His classmates looked upon him with
respect, his teacher patted him and his headmaster appreciated that he was a true scout. Thus
unknowingly Swami became a ‘hero’ overnight.
1. GRANDMA CLIMBS A TREE
l. Write the summary of the poem Grandma climbs a tree.
The poem ‘Grandma Climbs a Tree’ is written by Ruskin Bond. He wrote so many
poems in English. In this poem he calls his grandmother as “genius” because she could climb a tree.
Even at the age of 62, she was passionate to climb a tree and learn it from her loving brother at the
 age of six. Everybody feared that granny would fall from a tree one day. One day she climbed a tree
but could not come down. After the rescue the doctor recommended her rest for a week. But for
granny it was like brief season in hell. She demanded a house to be built in a tree. The poets father
who was dutiful, fulfill his mother’s wish, so that granny moved up and enjoyed as her wish.
Multiple choice questions:
1. Grandma was a genius because ……………………………..
a. she was skilful b. she could climb a tree c. she was good d. she loved trees
2. The poet calls his grandmother ………………………
a. a brave woman b. a genius c. childish d. a silly woman
3. Poet’s grandma was happier in ……………………
a. a boat b. a lift c. a house d. a tree
4. Grandma learnt to climb a tree from ……………….
a. a trainee b. her brother c. her father d. her son
5. As soon as the doctor recommended ‘a quiet week in bed’ for granny, all the family
members………
a. sighed with relief b. laughed happily c. danced with joy d. felt very bad
6. For granny, ‘a quiet week in bed’ was like …………………..
a. hell b. heaven c. prison d. jail
7. Grandma wanted a house ……………
a. in a tree top b. beside a river c. on a beach d. in a forest
8. My grandmother was a genius. The underlined word means …………..
a. a tree climber b. an elderly person c. a gifted person d. a happy person
9. The opposite of ‘gracefully’ is …………….
a. ungracefully b. disgracefully c. misgracefully d. ingracefully
10. “It was like a brief season in hell” Figure of speech used in the above sentence si
a. simile b. metaphor c. alliteration d. paradox
II. Answer the following in a word or a phrase or in a sentence (one mark questions)
1. What does the poet call his grandmother?
Ans.: The poet calls his grandmother a genius.
2. Why does the poet call his grandmother ‘genius’?
Ans.: The poet calls his grandmother ‘genius’ because, she could climb trees.
3. Who taught grandmother to climb trees?
Ans.: Her loving brother taught grandmother to climb trees.
4. What was her age where she climbed the tree last?
Ans.: She was sixty-two when she climbed the tree last.
5. What did the doctor strongly recommend?
Ans.: The doctor strongly recommended a quite week in bed.
6. What did grandma tell her son one day?
Ans.: Grandma told her son to build a house in a tree top.
7. According to poets, what was grandmother’s right?
Ans.: To reside in a tree is considered as grandmother’s right.
8. “My dad knew his duties” what did he think his duty was?
Ans.: Poets father was a dutiful son and in accordance with grandma’s wishes, he immediately
started to build a house for her in a tree top.
III Answer the following questions in two or three sentences:
1. What did people tell the grandmother as went by?
Ans: People told grandma that she should stop climbing trees as she grew old, and also that one
should grow old gracefully
2. What was usual in the reply given by the grandma?
Ans: Grandma was very childish in her reply. She said that she would grow disgracefully.
3. What did the doctor recommend? How did the family members react?
Ans: The doctor recommended grandma a quiet week in bed. Family members sighed with relief.
4. How did grandma feel while she lay in bed?
Ans: Grandma felt miserable as she lay in bed. She loved to look at the dancing leaves. For her, it
was like a brief season in hell.
5. What did she ask for as soon as she was better?
Ans.: As soon as she was better, Grandma as ked her son to build a house in a tree top.
IV. Read each of the following extracts and answer the questions given below:
1. “Ever since childhood, said had this gift”
a. Who does ‘she’ refer to? Ans: Grandma
b. What was the gift that she had? Ans: She had the gift of climbing trees easily whether it was
spreading or high.
2. I strongly recommend a quiet week in bed”
a. Who recommended bed rest? Ans: Doctor
b. For whom was the rest recommended and why? Ans: Rest was recommended to grandma because
she was ill.
3. She sat up and said, “I’ll live here no longer”
a. Who does ‘I’ refer to? Ans: ‘I’ refers to grandma.
b. Why was the speaker forced to lie down?
Ans.: After the rescue, the doctor took granny’s temperature and strongly recommended her a quiet
week bed.
4. He said, “That’s all right. You’ll have what you want dear”.
a. Who does ‘you’ refer to? Ans: ‘You’ refers to granny.
b. What does the speaker mean by above words?
Ans: Granny wished for a house in a tree top and his son readily agreed to fulfill her wish.
5. “I’ll start work tonight”
a. Who started to start the work? Ans: Poet’s father
b. What was the work and why was he doing it?
Ans: The work was to build a house in tree top. He wanted to do it to fulfill his mother’s wish to live
on a tree.
2. THERE’s A GIRL BY THE TRACKS!...
1) Roma Talreja was a
a) Marketing executive b) call centre executive c) unemployed d) house wife
2) “There’s a girl by the tracks, these were the voices of
a) Dinesh Talreja b) Baleshwar Mishra c) People in the opposite train d) station master
3) When Roma met with an accident, the callous behavior was exhibited by
a) Dinesh Talreja b) the People watching the accident c) Baleshwar Mishra d) truck driver
4) When Roma met with an accident no one volunteered because
a) They were afraid of getting involved in courts or police
b) They were strangers to Roma c) they were busy in their works d) they were callous
5) When Roma fell on the tracks no one was ready to save her except
a) Dinesh Talreja b) Baleshwar Mishra c) People in the opposite train d) station master
6) The district were Roma was lived in
a) Thane b) Mumbai c) Pune d) Mirzapur
7) Roma loved her job because
a) the job fetched a handsome salary b) she worked for her livelihood
c) she could talk to many people and making new friends d) it was a respectful job
8) Who was Roma’s fiancé?
a) Dinesh Talreja b) Baleshwar Mishra c) Call centre executive d)Vijay
9) Baleshwar Mishra was an unemployed because
a) He was from U.P b) He was a high- school dropout
c) He was looking for good jobs d) He had to look after his parents at home
10) When Baleshwar pleaded for help from the motorists, nobody helped him except
a) Railway guard b) doctor c) tempo- truck driver d) on duty physician
11) “Take the girl to Airoli”, suggested the cop. But Baleshwar did not agree with him. Because
a) There was no good hospital. b) It was 10 kilometers away
c) There were no equipments. d) he did not like Airoli
12) The physician in the small hospital gave only first aid to Roma because
a) She was very serious b) she could not pay her medical expenses
c) There were no personnel and equipment d) There were no nurses
13) The only person who volunteered to help Baleshwar was
a) Railway guard b) doctor c) tempo- truck driver d) on duty Physician
14) Baleshwar had a good Memory. The line which suggest this statement is_
a) He memorized Dinesh’s cell phone number b) He remembered the nearest hospital
c) He asked her relatives phone number d) He brought Roma to the hospital in time
15) What was Dinesh Telreja?
a) Soft ware engineer b)doctor c) marketing executive d)shop keeper
16) The Hospital where Roma was admitted finally
a) Small hospital b)Airoli Hospital c) govt hospital d) Divine Multi- Speciality Hospital
17) The doctor at Divine hospital admitted Roma without any paper work because_
a) She was injured seriously b) he was a good doctor
c) It was a private hospital d) he feared that she may die
18) Baleshwar could not thank the tempo truck driver because
a) it was just his duty to help him b) he was not relative
c) Baleshwar did not know how to thank him d) Roma was his relative
19) Baleshar revisited the spot where Roma had fallen to
a) Complain the railway police b) look for his belongings
c) look for Roma’s belongings d)inspect how the accident happened
20) Roma said “I think it’s astonishing”. What was astonishing?
a) she was survived b) a stranger Baleshwar jumped off a train and risked his life for her
c) she could never thank Baleshwar d) The doctor had done a miracle by saving her
21) According to Baleshwar the people of Mumbai could help at the time of accidents because
a) They were very busy. b) they were callous to others c) They don’t help strangers.
d) They were afraid of getting trapped in courts or with the police
Answer in 2-3 sentence:
1. How did Roma fall on the tracks?
Ans: Roma had squeezed herself near the door of the crowded ladies compartment of a Mumbai
local train. Suddenly she got pushed, lost her foothold and was thrown out of the coach.
2. The doctor at the Divine Multispecialty hospital admitted Roma without any formalities.
What made him do so?
Ans: The doctor Anil Agarwal admitted Roma to the ICU at the Divine Multispecialty hospital
without formalities, because she was injured seriously.
3. What did Baleshwar Mishra do as soon as he saw the girl lying next to the tracks?
Ans: On seeing the Girl on the tracks, Baleshwar immediately pulled the red emergency chain of the
train. As the train slowed, he asked the other passengers to go with him to help the girl. No one came
forward. Then Baleshwar bravely jumped off the still moving train and rushed towards the girl.
4. Roma Talreja tried to settle into a corner near the door in the train. Was she right in doing
this?
Ans: No, it was wrong on Roma’s part to settle into a corner near the door. It was very risky as there
was a great rush. People were pushing each other to stand safely in less space and she could have
fallen which she did.
5. “It is a regular scene” Where was regular about the scene? What the line suggest?
Ans: The scene of commuters getting out and into the train coaches in a rush is a regular scene in
India’s most populated metropolis. The line suggests that the people in cities are busy.
6. “Roma Talreja tried to settle into a corner near the door in the train”. Was she right in doing
this? What would you have done, if you were there?
Ans: No, She was not right in doing this. She lost her tenuous foothold and panicked. If I were there,
I would have settled in the safe place in the coach.
7. “Behanji, aap theek hai?” But there was no response and no help in sight. Why was it so?
Ans: Because she was by the Tracks senseless (unconscious). There was a large wound behind her
head and blood was flowing out. So there was no response from her.
8. Give the details about Roma Telreja.
Ans: Rama Telreja.was a B.Com. Graduate from Pune. She was working as a call centre
executive.She loved her job, talking and connecting to customers, and making new friends there. Her
brother was Dinesh Talreja and she was engaged to her fiancé Vijay.
9. Give the details about Baleshwar Mishra.
Ans: Baleshwar Mishra was an unemployed high-school dropout recently came to Mumbai for job.
He was from Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh
10. Why not didn’t the on-duty physician give only first aid to Roma and not the treatment?
Ans: The on-duty physician could only give the basic first aid to Roma as the facility lacked
personnel and equipment
11. “Oh! I couldn’t thank him”, Baleshwar thought. Who do you think he couldn’t thank?
Ans: Baleshwar couldn’t thank the tempo-truck driver who helped Baleshwar to carry Roma to the
hospital. He slipped away from the hospital having done all the help
12. Why did Baleshwar revisit the spot where Roma has fallen?
Ans: Roma’s brother, Dinesh, had told him that her cell phone and handbag were missing. Baleshwar
revisited the spot where Roma had fallen. With the help of a railway employee he was able to
recover some of her belongings.
13. After Roma’s recovery, what did she say about Baleshwar?
Ans: Roma was amazed to hear about the manner in which she had been rescued. She wondered how
a stranger could jump off a train and risk his life for her. She could not imagine what would have
happened to her if Baleshwar had not been there. She felt that she could never repay him for what he
had done.
14. "Take the girl to Airoli”, Suggested the cop. But Baleshwar disagreed. Why did he do so?
Ans: Baleshwar felt that the girl needed medical help immediately. Airoli was at least 10 kilometers
away and he knew of a small hospital close by. So he did not agree with the cop
15. Baleshwar had a good memory. Do you agree with this? Give examples to support your view.
Ans: Yes, Baleshwar had a good memory. Roma had given him her brother’s cell phone number and
he memorized it quickly before she lost consciousness again. Thus he was able to contact Dinesh and
inform him about the accident.
16. Baleshwar felt that people of Mumbai were afraid, what were they afraid of, according to his
opinion?
Ans: Baleshwar felt that people of Mumbai were afraid of getting trapped in the courts or with the
police. So they were callous to the strangers even at the time of accidents.
Extracts:
1. “There’s a girl by the tracks!”
a) Who is the speaker? Ans: traveler’s voice
b. Who is the ‘girl’ referred here? Ans: Roma Talreja
c. Why was she by the tracks? Ans: she was pulled down from train
2. Let’s go and help her.
a. What happened there? Ans: There was a girl by the tracks.
b. Why did they have to help? Ans: She had fallen from the train.
C who should go there? Ans: People of the train
3. “Take girl to Airoli”, suggested the cop, “there’s a hospital there”. But Baleshwar disagreed.
A) Who is the girl here? Ans: Roma Talreja.
B) Why did Baleshwar disagree to his suggestion?
 Ans: Because Airoli was at least 10 kilometers away and he knew a nearer hospital than that.
She needed treatment immediately.
c) What did he do then? Ans:He took her to a nearby hospital to give first aid
4. “Oh, I couldn’t thank him,”
A) Who was not thanked? Ans: Baleshwar Mishra could not thank
B) Why should he thank him?
Ans: Because the tempo-truck driver helped Baleshwar to take Roma Talreja to the hospital when
nobody was ready to help him. He did all the necessary help to rescue Roma.
C) Why couldn’t he thank him?
Ans: Because the tempo-truck driver slipped from the hospital having done all he could.
5. “I think it’s astonishing that a stranger would jump off a train and risk his life for me. I can
never repay Baleshwar”.
A) Who is the stranger here? Ans: Baleshwar Mishra B) What was astonishing for the speaker?
Ans : The stranger Baleshwar Jumped off a moving train and risked his life for Roma Talreja.
This was astonishing for Roma.
C) Why couldn’t she repay him? Ans: Because if Baleshwar had not rescued her in time, she
would have bled to death on the tracks alone.
6. I can’t imagine what would have happened if Baleshwar hadn’t been there.
a) Why was Baleshwar there? Ans: to help Roma
b) When was this statement made? Ans: When she was recoved and knowing about help
c) What would have happened if he had not come there?.
Ans: If Baleshwar had not come forward to help Roma, She would have bled to death.
7. “I hope I am not too late”
A) Who do I refer here? Ans : Baleshwar
B) Why did he hope so? Ans : He knew she was hurt badly and hoped he could help her
C). What did he do? Ans.: He carried her to the roadside and shifted her to the nearby hospital.
8. “Chacha, can I borrow your mobile?”
a. Who wanted the mobile? Ans. Baleshwar
b Who is the chacha here ? Ans- Truck driver
c. Why did he want the mobile? Ans : To inform Roma’s brother, Dinesh about her accident.
9. “It’s a regular scene”
A) Which is the regular scene referred here?
Ans: The people swarming into the train and getting down hurriedly in populated Metropolis.
B) Where can one find this regular scene? Ans : In populated Metropolis.
c) Do you think is this necessary? If not, why? Ans: No, It is not necessary. Because if the people
rush like that the children, women or aged or handicapped may fall down the tracks.
10. “There is a girl by the tracks” the voices cried out”.
A) Who is the girl mentioned here? Ans: Roma Talreja is the girl referred here.
B) Whose voices were these? Ans: These were the voices of the people in the opposite train.
C) Why did the voices cry out?
Ans: The people saw Roma Talreja falling from the train on the tracks.
11. “His heart hammering his chest, Baleshwar shoved off the still- moving train”.
A) Why was his heart hammering his chest?
Ans: Because he saw Roma Talreja on the tracks. But nobody came forward to help her.
B) Why did he shove off the train? Ans: Because he saw if anybody was ready to help her.
But nobody came forward .So he volunteered to help her.
c) “His heart hammering his chest”. What does it tell about him?
Ans- He was filled with fear for the girl who was on the track.
12. Please help me take her to a hospital
a. Who is the speaker? Ans.: Baleshwar Mishra.
b. Who does ‘her’ refer to? Ans.: Roma Talreja
 c. Why did he take her to the hospital? Ans.: She was unconscious due to the fall and badly hurt. So
he took her to the hospital.
13. “I can never repay Baleshwar”
a. Who is Baleshwar? Ans : Baleshwar is a young man who helped Roma.
b. Why can’t she repay? Ans: He has done a great deed. He saved her life from dying.
c. Why should he have thanked? Ans: helped him to take her to the hospital.
14. “My sister is injured, Please help me take her to a hospital, But no one stopped”
a. Who does ‘sister’ refer to here? Ans: ‘sister’ refers to Roma Talreja
b. Who requested here so? Ans : Baleshwar Mishra
c. Who does ‘no one’ refers to here? Ans: ‘No one’ refers to the motorists on the road.
d. Why was she taken to a hospital? What happened to her?
Ans: She fell down on the tracks and seriously injured. So Baleshwar took her in his hands and
requested the motorists to help him to take her to the hospital.
15. “Behanji aap theek hai?”
a) Who does behanji refer to here? Ans : Behanji refers to Roma Talreja.
b. Who is the speaker? Ans.: Baleswar
c) Why was there no response? Ans: Because Roma was injured seriously and fell on the tracks
unconsciously.
d) How did he help her? Ans: He took her to nearby hospital where she got first aid and shifted to
bigger hospital due to lack of facility there
16. “There’s a closer place I know of,”
(a) Who is the speaker of the above statement? Ans:Baleshwar
(b) Why did he choose that place? Ans: Because the girl needed the treatment immediately.
(c) What happened after going to that place? Ans: The on-duty physician could only give the basic
first aid to Roma as the facility lacked personnel and equipment
2. QUALITY OF MERCY
Summary:
This poem is written by William Shakespeare. In this poem he Quality of mercy is not forced.
It drops down from heaven as a gentle rain upon the earth. It’s doubly blessed. It blesses both the
giver and the receiver. It’s most powerful when granted by those who hold power over others. It’s
more important to a monarch than his crown. His sceptre shows the level of his temporal power - the
symbol of awe and majesty in which lies the source of the dread and fear that kings command. But
mercy is above that sceptered power. It’s enthroned in the hearts of kings. It is an attribute of God
himself. And earthly power most closely resembles God’s power when justice is guided by mercy.
Multiple choice questions
1. The poet says that the quality of mercy is twice blessed because
a. it is sent from heaven b. it is the mightiest
c. it is an earthly power d. it blesses both the giver and the taker
2. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven. Here droppeth from heaven means
a. given to heaven b. as far as heaven c. as pure as given from God d. very impure
3. His scepter shows............. Here ‘Scepter’ can be identified with
a. a poor man b. a teacher c. a king d. a minister
4. A decorated road carried by a king as a symbol of power is called a
a. throne b. crown c. robe d. scepter
5. According to the speaker, in kings. mercy is seated in the
a. heart b. head c. shoulders d. mouth
II. Answer in a word/a phrase/a sentence each:
1. Mercy is compared to something in the first two lines of the poem. What is it?
Ans: It is compared to the gentle rain from heaven.
2. The speaker says that mercy is twice blessed? What does she mean by this?
Ans: Mercy blesses the giver and the taker too.
 3. “Sceptre shows the force of temporal power” In contrast, what or whose quality does mercy
stand for?
Ans: Mercy is divine and flows from the heart
4. Mention the three things of temporal power of a king.
Ans: Throne, Crown and Sceptre.
5. When does earthly power show divine power?
Ans: When kings adopt mercy with justice.
III. Answer the following in 2 or 3 sentences each:
1. Mercy is compared to gentle rain from heaven. How is this comparison apt?
Ans: As the gentle rain falls on the earth, so also when mercy is shown it blesses the giver and the
taker and given comfort.
2. The speaker compares the power of the king with the power of mercy, saying that mercy is the
mightiest of the mightiest. How does she justify this?
Ans: The king who has sceptre in his hand evokes a feeling of fear in the minds of others but the
king who has a feeling of mercy in his heart possesses divine quality of mercy.
3. The poem ‘Quality of Mercy’ has fourteen lines. But it is not a sonnet. Justify the statement.
Ans: This poem consists of fourteen lines but it is not a sonnet as there is no rhyme, scheme in the
poem. In other words there aren’t three quatrains and a couple.
IV. Read the following extracts and answer the questions given below:
1. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath. It is twice blest”
a. What is compared to the gentle rain from heaven? Ans: Mercy
b. Why does the speaker feel it is twice blest?
Ans.: According to the speaker, the person who shows mercy and the person who receives mercy is
also blest
2. His scepter shows the force of temporal power, the attribute to awe and majesty.
a. How does the scepter show temporal power? Ans.: The scepter creates fear among people.
b. In contrast, what quality does mercy stand for?
Ans.: Mercy stands for divine quality and it flows from the heart.
3. ‘It’s mightiest in the mightiest’
a. Who is mighty? Ans: Mercy
b. How is it mighty? Ans: Quality of Mercy is more powerful than all the symbols of power on
earth.
4. “It is an attribute to God himself”.
a. What is this attribute? Ans: Quality of Mercy
b. Why is it a quality of God? Ans: God is all merciful and anyone on earth who preaches it is like
God.
5. It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes
a. How does it bless the one who gives?
Ans: The giver gets the blessing as he has helped the other person.
b. How does it bless the one who takes? Ans.: The taker is blest because he is forgiven
6. Mercy is above the Sceptred sway.
a. What is a Sceptre? Ans: It is a decorated rod carried by monarchs.
b. How is mercy above the Sceptred sway?
Ans: Mercy is a divine quality or Godly power whereas Sceptre is an earthly temporal power.
V. Answer in about eight sentences:
1. How does the speaker in the court try to convince Shylock that mercy is twice blessed and is a
divine quality? OR What does Portia tell Shylock about the quality of Mercy?
Ans.: Portia, one of the main characters in the play ‘The Merchant of Venice’, argues why mercy is the
greatest virtue of all. Portia compares mercy to the gentle rain that falls from heaven to the ground.
Mercy blesses both the giver and the receiver. It is the most powerful of all virtues and enhances the
glory of a king more than his crown. The sceptre of a monarch is a symbol of worldly power. It
 controls people through fear. The power of the sceptre mercy is divine and has its seat in the heart.
The power of a man who shows mercy along with justice would be God – like in nature.
3. GENTLE MAN of RIO EN MEDIO
Multiple choice questions:
1) It took months of negotiation to come to an understanding with the old man. This shows that the old
man was
a) Understanding b) quick c) unhurried d) witty
2) The old man came to the office to
a) meet the lawyer b) meet the Americans
c) sign the sale deed d) argue that he was the owner of the land
3) The old man was accompanied by
a) his friends b) parents c) people d) a dark young man
4) Behind him walked one of his “innumerable kin”. The word “innumerable kin” means that the old
man had a number of
a. children b. trees in his orchard c. relatives d. followers
5) The old man in his coat looked like
a. Senator Catron b. lawyer c. an America d. Spanish
6) The old man removed his hat gloves slowly and carefully. This action is compared to
a. Hero b. an old man c. land lord d. Charlie Chaplin.
7) The young man who accompanied the old man had eyes like
a. lotus b. gazelle c. fish d. clear
8) The old man carried a cane which was actually
a. stick b. steel rod c. a skeleton of a worn-out umbrella d. stylish stick
9) The old man wore a coat named a.
Farmer’s coat b. Spanish coat c. rain coat d. Prince Albert’s
10) Which of the lines from the text those suggest that the old man was a farmer?
a. he loved trees b. he planted trees for children
c. He tilled the same land they had tilled d. He loved his people
11) How did the old man greet the people who had been waiting for him?
a. saluted them b. removed his hat c. shook hands all of them d. bowed to all of them
12) The old man removed his hat and gloves carefully because
a. he was afraid that they would be torn. b. It was his usual style
c. he was old and weak d. To respect all who assembled
13) In the first meeting of the old man and the Americans, They talked about rain and the old man’s
large family. It was
a. to mock his large family b. a custom of the Americans
c. to prepare every one for the main talk d. to make everyone know that it had not rained in that
area
14) The old man had agreed to sell house and land for
a. 12 hundred dollars b. 10 hundred dollars c. 8 hundred dollars d. 6 hundred dollars
15) The story teller respected the old man by saying
a. good morning b. Don Anselmo c. hello d. Sir Anselmo
16) According to the engineer the old man owned the land
a. four acres b. eight hectares c. more than eight acres d. eight acres exactly
17) Don Anselmo took only 12 hundred dollars for the land finally because
a. the story teller failed to convince Don Anselmo to take more money than what had agreed
b. Don Anselmo was a man of principles.
c. It cost more than that amount d. he sold only the land not the trees
18) It took a week to arrange another meeting because the old man
a. deliberately delayed b. was slow c. was not in the station d. was ill
19) Don Anselmo says, “The Americans are good people”. Because he wanted to_
a. appreciate them . b mock at them c. express his sincere feelings d.flatter them
20) Why did the old man sell his house and land to the Americans? because
a. the Americans were good people b. he needed money
c. he did not like the land d. his house was old
21) Don Anselmo sold his land but he didn’t sell his
a. house b. land c. trees in the orchard d. fruits in the orchard
22) The children of Reo en Medio were Don nselmo’s
a. Sobrinos and nietos. b. grandchildren c. Friends d. share holders
23) Don Anselmo inherited the house from
a. his granny b. relatives c. his mother d. his father
24) According to Don Anselmo, The real owners of the trees were
a) Don Anselmo himself b) the Americans
c)The story teller d) the children of Rio en Medio
25) Don Anselmo did not sell the trees. Because_
a. Trees were like children to him b. They were grown for the children of next generation
c. He had grown them in memory for every child birth d . He wanted his surroundings to be
green
26) Legally saying the trees should belong to
a. Don Anselmo b. the Americans c. the children of Rio en Medio d. The story teller
27) What did Don Anselmo do as he left the place with money? He_______
a . Shook hands all around b. said goodbye
c. thanked them for purchasing his land d. offered them dinner
28) The Gentle man Don Anselmo was very fond of
A. children B. money C. the land D. dress
II. Answer the following questions in two - three sentences each:
1. Describe the old man’s property.
Ans: The old man’s house was small, wretched but quaint. His orchard was gnarled and
beautiful.The little creek ran through his land.
2. Where did Don Anselmo live? What work did he do?
Ans: Don Anselmo lived in a small, quaint house in Rio en Medio. He tilled the land that was
Inherited to him from his ancestors
3. Explain briefly the appearance and manners of Don Anselmo?
Ans: Don Anselmo wore an old, green faded coat. His gloves too were old and torn and his fingertips
showed through them and carried a cane which was the skeleton of a worn - out umbrella. When he
entered the room he bowed to all and slowly removed his hat and gloves.
4. How did the old man greet the people who had been waiting for him?
Ans: The old man bowed to all of them in the room. He then removed his hat and gloves, slowly and
carefully.
5. What did the Americans discover after the survey?
Ans: After the survey, the Americans discovered that Don Anselmo owns more than eight acres of
land which extends across the river.
6. The story teller offered the old man almost the double of what he had quoted earlier. Why?
Ans: The story teller offered the old man almost the double of what he had quoted earlier because he
discovered that Don Anselmo owns more than eight acres of land which extends across the river.
7. What was the reaction of the old man to the story teller’s offer?
Ans: The old man hung his head for a moment in thought, stood up and stared at the story teller’s
offer.
8. After the survey the Americans offered double the quoted price for the old man’s land. Why?
Ans: The Americans were good people and when they found that Don Anselmo owned more than
eight acres of!and, they offered to pay double the price they had quoted earlier.
9. Why did the story teller fail to convince Don Anselmo to accept more money?
Ans: The story teller failed to convince Don Anselmo to accept more money because Don Anselmo
felt that he was insulted by the offer.
10. Why do you think the Americans wanted to buy Don Anselmo’s land?
Ans: The little creek ran through the land of Don Anselmo. His orchard was gnarled and beautiful.
So, to lead a happy and peaceful life. The Americans wanted to buy Don Anselmo’s land
11. Why did the story teller say that Americans bueana gente?
Ans: The story teller said that the Americans are bueana gente because they did not want to
Cheat Don Anselmo and they were willing to pay Don Anselmo twice the money for his land
12. How the problem of ownership was was resolved by the Americans?
Ans: The Americans bought the tree in the orchard from the descendents of Don Anselmo.lt took a
long time because they purchased from each individual of Rio en Medio.
13. Why did the Americans want to buy Don Anselmo’s land?
Ans: Don Anselmo’s land had a good water source as the little creek ran through the land. His
orchard was beautiful and his house was quaint.
14. Why did the Americans complain the story teller on the old man?
Ans: The Americans complained the story teller that, The children of the village were running
around the land, playing in the orchard, putting fences around their play area, plucking the flowers
from the trees, laughing whenever they were spoken they laughed at the Americans and replied in
Spanish. So they could not enjoy their property.
15. How do you say that Don Anselmo was generous?
Ans: Don Anselmo was generous. Because he was a man of principles he refused to take the extra
money offered by the Americans for his land.
16. Why do you think Don Anselmo did not sell the trees in the Orchard? or
Don Anselmo had concern for the children of Rio-en-medio. Explain briefly.
Ans: Don Anselmo planted a tree for memory of every birth of child so the trees in the Orchard
belongs to the children of Rio-en-Medio. Hence Don Anselmo could sell only the Orchard but not
the trees in the Orchard.
17. What makes you think that Don Anselmo was a man of principles ?
Ans: Americans surved the land and found that land was more than eight acre. They offered double
amount for the land. He rejected the offer and stick to the words what he had already quoted. This
show that he was man of principle.
Extract:
1) “It took months of negotiation to come to an understanding with the old man”
a) Who is the old man referred here? Ans- Don Anselmo
B) What was the negotiation about? Ans.: The negotiation was about the selling of the old man’s
land.
c. Why do you think it took months to come to an understanding?
Ans.: It took months to come to an understanding because the old man was in no hurry to sell
2. “We have made a discovery”
a) Who is we referred here? Ans- Americans
b. What did they discover? Ans: They discovered that Don Anselmo owns more than eight acres
of land
c. What was the result of the discovery?
Ans: As a result, they offered Don Anselmo double the price of what they had quoted earlier
3. “These Americans are Buena gente”
a. What is the meaning of Buena gente according to the context?
Ans: Buena gente means good people.
b.Why did the speaker called Americans Buena gente? Ans.: The speaker called Americans
Buena gente because after the survey, they did not cheat Don Anselmo and were ready to
pay twice the money they had quoted earlier for the additional land.
c. Who is the speaker? Ans : Narrator
4. He said, “I do not like to have you speak to me in that manner”
a. who is I? Ans - Don Anselmo
b. What is the mood of the speaker? Ans.: The speaker felt that he was being insulted.
 c. What made him to react so? Ans.: He said these words when the Americans offered
him twice the money they had quoted earlier for his land.
5. I have agreed to sell my house and land for twelve hundred dollars and that is the price?”
a. When did the speaker say this? Ans: The old man said this when the Americans offered him
double the price that had been quoted earlier for his land.
b. What does this statement tell about the speaker?
Ans.his statement tells that the speaker was not greedy and he was a man of principles.
c. Why did speaker agree to sell Americans? Ans : They were Good People
6. “I did not sell them the trees in the Orchard”.
a. Why didn’t he sell the trees in the orchard?
Ans.: According to Don Anselmo he didn’t sell the trees because the trees belong to the children of
Rio-en-Medio
b. How did Don Anselmo defend his statement?
Ans: Don Anselmo defended that when a child was born in the village, a tree was planted
and so the trees belonged to the children of the village.
c. Was Don Anselmo right in saying this? Ans: Yes.
7. “He lived up in Rio en Medio where his ancestors lived. He tilled the same land they had
tilled”
a. Who does “he” and “they” refer to?
Ans: “He” refers to the old man, Anselmo. “They” refers to His ancestors.
b. What does the statement convey?
Ans: The statement conveys that Anselmo was the oldest man in the village, Rio en Medio.
c. What was the profession of the Old man? Ans- Former
8. “The trees in that Orchard are not mine”.
a. According to Don Anselmo, who did the trees belong to?
Ans.: the tree belonged to the children of Rio-en-Medio.
b. Why did he feel so? Ans.: He felt so because every time a child was born in the village, he
had planted a tree for that child.
c. When did speaker make the statement?
Ans- When Americans complained about the children’s disturbances in the orchard
9. “It took months of negotiation to come to an understanding with the old man. He was
in no hurry. What, he had the most of was time”.
A) Who is the old man here? Ans : Don Anselmo
B) Who did the old man negotiated with? Ans: The old man negotiated with the Americans.
C) What were the terms of negotiation? Ans: The old man had agreed to sell his house and land
to the Americans for twelve hundred dollars.
d) Why did the negotiation take long time?
Ans: Because the old man had a lot time and he was in no hurry.
10. “They are good people and they are willing to pay you for the additional land as well.
You will get almost twice as much”
A) Who are the good people referred here? Ans: The Americans are referred to as good people.
B) Why are they offering twice the amount? Ans: The Americans found that Anselmo owned more
than eight acres of land almost double of what was mentioned in the deed.
C) Did the owner accept double amount? Ans- No, he didn’t accept
12) ‘’When you sold them you signed a document, a deed and in that deed you agreed to several
things. One such thing was that they were to have the complete possession of the property.”
A) Who sold the property? To whom? Ans: Don Anselmo sold his property to the Americans.
B) Why could not they have the complete possession of the property?
Ans: Because the children of Rio en Medio were over running into their orchard.
C) How did they get complete possession?
Ans: They consulted every child of the village and paid read value for the each tree.
13) “I know these Americans are good people, and that is why I have agreed to sell to
them,but I do not care to be insulted price.”
a) Who is the speaker? And why does he call them good people?
Ans: Anselmo is the speaker and he calls the Americans good people as he was a gentle man.
B) What did he sell them and how much did he offer?
Ans: The old man Anselmo sold them his house and land for twelve hundred dollars.
C) Why did he feel insulted? Who insulted him?
Ans: The author and the Americans offered twice the amount as in the deed. But Anselmo
was an honest and a gentleman. He did not want more than the deed amount.
14) “I argued with him but it was useless”.
A) Who argued with whom? Ans: The author argued with the old man Don Anselmo.
B) What was argued with him?
Ans: He argued with him to take the extra amount for the extra land possessed by Anselmo.
C) What was the outcome?
Ans: the old men did not accept double amount he signed the document for sale.
15) “One day they came back to the office to complain. The children of the village were
overrunning their property”
A) Who complained to the office? Ans: The Americans complained to the office.
B What was their complaint? Their complaint was that the Children of Rio en Medio were over
running their property.
C) What is the property referred here?
Ans: The property refers to the land purchased by the Americans.
16) “They are good people and want to be your good neighbor always.
A) Who spoke these words? Who are called good people here?
Ans: The author called the Americans good people.
B) Who is he speaking to? Why does he speak so? Ans: He is speaking to Anselmo. Because
he wants Anselmo to avoid the children of Rio en Medio over running into their orchard.
C) Who are the neighbours referred here? Ans: The Americans
Answer the following in 8-10 sentences
1. Don Anselmo and the Americans were generous in their own ways. Explain.
Ans: The Americans informed Don Anselmo that after survey, they found that he owns more than
eight acres and were willing to pay double the agreed amount. This shows that the Americans were
generous and they did not want to cheat him. Once again when the old man stuck to his words that
the trees belong to the children, they bought the trees individually from the villagers Don Anselmo,
however was a man of principles and refused to take anything more than the amount agreed upon
and expressed his generosity.
2. At last, the problem of ownership was resolved, But it took a long time. What might be the
reason for it.
Ans: After buying the property from Don Anselmo by the Americans the children of Rio en Medio,
began to overrun the Orchard and spend most of their time there. This was brought to the notice of
Don Anselmo and he was asked to stop the children. Don Anselmo claimed that he had sold the land
to them but not the trees. He had planted a tree for each child born in the village and the trees
belonged to the children, not to him. The owners were left with no choice. They had to buy the trees
individually from the villages and this took a long time.
3. “I did not sell the trees because I could not, they are not mine”. How did the old man support
this statement?
Ans.: The old man explained that he was the oldest person in the village. Almost everyone there was
related to him and all the children of Rio en Medio were his neices and nephews. He planted a tree
for every child that was born in the village. So the trees in the Orchard belonged to the children.
Hence there was no way he could sell the trees along with the land.
4. Don Anselmo’s reaction to the offer of more money was not expected. Justify this statement.
Ans.: Don Anselmo agreed to sell his land for twelve hundred dollars. After the survey the
Americans found that the land was more than 8 acres and they were willing to offer twice the amount
for the extra land. The old man could have been happy but as he heard this the old man hung his
head for a moment and stared at the story teller. He felt that he was being insulted. He told them that
he had agreed to sell his property for twelve hundred dollars to the Americans because they are good
and stuck to his words. This reaction of the old man is truly unexpected.
3. I AM THE LAND
Multiple Questions:
1. “I am the land. I wait.” Here ‘I wait’ suggests the feeling of
a. annoyance b. joy c. patience d. disgust
2. “A chain line necklace
Chokes me now” Here ‘chain line necklace’ refers to
a. a garland b. a fence c. trees d. grass
3. “You cannot put a fence
Around the Planet Earth” The speaker here is showing a tone of
a. weakness b. patience c. excitement d. self assertion
4. Which line tells that the earth is asserting itself?
a. you shout, I lie patient b. you say you own me
c. you cannot put a fence around the planet earth d. you buy me
II. Answer the following questions in a word/phrase/a sentence
1. Who do you think is the speaker of the poem ‘I am the land’?
Ans.: The speaker is ‘mother earth’.
2. You cannot put a fence around the planet earth” What is the tone of the speaker?
Ans.: It is the tone of self assertion.
3. “I wait” is repeated in the poem. What quality of the speaker is highlighted?
Ans.: The word “I wait” highlights the speaker’s patience.
4. Who is the speaker referring ‘you’ in the poem ‘I am the land’?
Ans.: ‘you’ in the poem are the people/human beings.
III. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences.
1. “I wait” is repeated five times in the poem. What quality of the speaker is highlighted with this
repetition?
Ans.: Human beings are troubling the earth. They say that they own the lands proclaim that the land
is theirs. Mother earth has an ocean of patience and bears all the cruelty committed by man.
2. Bring out the contrast between the speaker and the reader in the poem, “I am the land”.
Ans.: The speaker in the poem is land. It says that it is always patient and bears all that is done to it.
The reader uses the land in many ways. He digs the land, grows fruits and trees and even fights for
land.
3. What are the activities which go on over the land?
Ans.: Man buys land, digs land and plants trees, grows fruit on it. Children dance and play on land.
Man also fences and makes boundaries over the land.
4. “You cannot put a fence around the planet Earth” Is this tone of weakness or self assertion?
Give reason for your answer.
Ans.: It is a tone of self assertion. The poet mocks at those who are greedy. They wage wars to
acquire more land. The earth has given everything to us. Whatever injustice we are doing, the earth
bears everything patiently. We cannot put a fence around the mother earth.
IV. Read the following extracts and answer the questions given.
1. “Then someone tickles me, plant life ............. fruit”
a. What does tickle mean in the context?
Ans.: According to the context tickle mean to plough the land.
 b. What is the mood of the speaker in the statement? Ans: The mother earth waits patiently when
the people plough the land, plant, trees and grow fruits.
2. “You come with guns a chain link necklace chokes me now”.
a. Why do they come with guns? Ans.: The soldiers come with guns fighting for the land.
b. What is the feeling of the speaker?
Ans.: People fight with guns for the land and mother earth feels suffocated with the action of men.
3. “You cannot put a fence Around the planet earth”
a. What is the tone of the speaker here? Ans.: It is a tone of self assertion
b. Why does it feel so?
Ans.: The speaker mocks at the people who wage wars and build fences on the land to divide
nations.
V. Answer the following question in 8-10 sentences
1. Summary OR How does the poet describe that the earth has an ocean of patience in the poem,
“I am the land”.
Ans: The poem ‘I am the land’ is written by Marina de Bellagenta. In this poem the poet depicts the
mother earth as the speaker. Mother earth tells that she waits with patience when people claim that
the land belongs to them. They occupy the land, plough, plant trees, grow fruits and grass. The
children dance and play on the land. The land bears everything without a complaint. The soldiers
come with guns fighting for the land. People build fences on the land to divide nations which
suffocates like chains in her neck. But mother earth mocks at the people’s behavior with a tone of
self assertion.
4. DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR
Multiple Questions:
1. Ambedkar spent most of his life by………………
a) Purchasing books b. attending conference c. reading books d. importing books
2. Dr Ambedkar was conferred…………….posthumously.
a. Padma Vibhushan. b. Bharath Ratna. c. Doctorate. d. Padma Bhushan
3. Dr Ambedkar was a…………….reader.
a. Voracious. b. silent c. fast . d. talented
4. Ambedkar has an ………….thirst for books.
a. Ardent. b. ideal. c. imaginary. d. insatiable.
5. In New York He purchased about………. Books.
a. 2000 new. b. science. c. 2000 old. d. political.
6. Fourteenth Amendment of the constitution of the USA gave freedom to the………….
a. Americans. b. Indians. c. Negroes. d. Black Americans
7. Ambedkar greatly influenced by the life and work of ………………
a. Gandhiji. b. Mahatma Phule. c. Venkataraman. d. Neharu.
8. Mookanayak, Bahiskrit Bharat, and Samata were …………………
a. Voice mails b. News papers c. Political parties’ d. societies
9. Ambedkar set up the institution such as………………….
a. Depressed home. b. Hitakarini Sabha c. Labour Home. d. Bahishkrit Bharat
10. Gandhiji called (termed) Depressed classes as…………..
a. Superior b. inferior c. Harijanas d. Hindus
11. Indian national congress made Ambedkar as the ………of the Drafting Committee.
a. Officer. b. chairman c. pilot d. advisor
12. The constitution is………….document.
a. New b. written c. fundamental d. descriptive.
13. ………chose Dr Ambedkar to be the first law minister.
a. P.M b. President c. Neharu d. Venkataraman
14. Ambedkar described the civil disobedience, non-cooperation and Satyagraha as the……..
a. Grammar of anarchy. b. rebellion. c. revolution d. opposition
15. British followed the policy of………….
a. Caste system. b. Social in justice. c. Divide and Rule. d. Veritable revolution.
16. Jawaharlal Neharu described Babasaheb as…………..
a. Leader of depressed. b. a symbol of revolt c. Modern Manu d. Patriot
17. The word ‘hegemony’ means…………
a. Distinction b. control c. strength d. weakness.
18. Ambedkar started the news papers such as Mookanayak, Bahiskrhit Bharat and……...
a. Samata. b. Times of India c. Popular d. Herald.
Answer the following questions
1. Ambedkar had a great thirst for books when he was a student. Explain.
Ans.: Throughout his life Dr. Ambedkar was a voracious leader. He had an insatiable thirst for
books. He bought books by curtailing his daily needs. In New York he purchased about 2,000 books
and that they to be sent to India in 32 boxes.
2. How did the fourteenth amendment to the US Constitution and Mahatma Phule influence on
Ambedkar?
Ans.: While in U.S.A. Ambedkar was drawn to the fourteenth amendment of the constitution of the
U.S.A. which gave freedom to the Black Americans. He was at once the parallel of the situation for
the depressed classes in India. On returning India he was greatly influenced by the life and work of
Mahatma Phule, the votary of a classless society and women’s upliftment. This made him to devote
all his time and talents for the betterment of his underprivileged brethren.
3. There were great luminaries on the Drafting Committee Dr. Ambedkar is remembered as the
pilot. Give reasons.
Ans: Dr. Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee. He was tactful, frank and had
utmost patience. He explained clearly the meaning and scope of the different provisions of the Draft
constitution. He explained the most complicated legal concepts which could be easily understood
even by a layman.
4. Write a short note on Dr. Ambedkar’s idea/perception of the three pillars of state.
Ans: Dr. Ambedkar had a clear idea about mutuality of the legislature, the Executive and the
judiciary. He said that the jurisdiction of each should be clear and untrammeled. He had a sense of
the importance of the sole of citizens.
5. What are the significant observations of Dr. Ambedkar on the constitution?
Ans.: The constitution is a fundamental document which defines the position and power of the three
organs of the state – the executive, the judiciary and the legislature. It also defines the powers of the
executive and legislature as against the citizens. The other purpose of constitution to limit their
authority to avoid tyranny and oppression by the legislature and the executive.
6. Nehru chose Dr. Ambedkar as the law minister. What might have improved Nehru to do so?
Ans: Ambedkar had a great skill in law and legislation. He had the vision of social justice.
Therefore, Nehru chose him to be Law Minister of India.
7. What made Dr. Ambedkar describe the methods of civil disobedience, Non-cooperation and
Satyagraha as the “Grammar of Anarchy”?
Ans.: According to Ambedkar, methods of civil disobedience non-cooperation and Satyagraha are
necessary in a state which is ruled by foreigners. But in a democratic country, these methods should
not be used. If used there would be loss of lives and public property.
8. How did Dr. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi try to wipe out caste discrimination from
India?
Ans: Gandhiji reminded the higher castes their duty towards the depressed classes. Babasaheb
Ambedkar did the same by reminding them of their inherent rights to equality with the higher and
more powerful castes. One stressed the duties, the other stressed the rights.
 4. THE SONG OF INDIA
Summary:
The poem “The Song of India” was written by V.K.Gokak. The poem is like a dialogue
between Mother India and the poet. In this poem the poet wants to present glorious picture of the
past and also wishes to paint India’s natural beauty.
As Indians we can rightly be proud of our country’s natural beauty, Its Rich cultural heritage,
its ancient wisdom, It’s glorious freedom struggle and its industrial progress. As the same time we
should not ignore the numerous ills affecting our motherland Like Poverty disease, environmental
degradation, ignorance, illiteracy, unemployment, caste, and class conflicts and a hundred forms of
exploitation. We should try to eradicate them as far as possible.
As poet said our mother India has to write the book of our destiny, cancelling all our sorrow.
Tomorrow should be clear dawn..Our nightmare should fled in the night. We have to write our bright
future…
Multiple Questions
1. The song of India is written by……….
a. V. K. Gokak b. D. V. G c. Kuvempu d. R.K Narayan
2. Angry Mother’s words strike the poets eass like a gong. Here the figure of speech is
a. Personification b. simile c. metaphor d. synecdoche
3. What do you mean the word “vacant”……….
a. Full b. empty c. occupied d. swarm
Answer the following questions in two or three sentence:
1. Identify the two speakers in the poem. What does the speaker want to sing about?
Ans: the two speakers are the poet and his mother. The poet or offspring wanted to sing about his
country for his mother.
2. Who does the poet mean by ‘of your children that died to call their own?’
Ans: The soldiers who guard our mother and motherland are mother’s children and they sacrificed
their lives for the sake of their motherland. So they are her own.
3. What according to the poet is the contribution of the seers and prophets?
Ans: The seers and prophets have contributed their valuable lessons and experience to others.
4. What are the epics? Why does the poet cal the temples as ‘epics’ in stone?’
Ans: Epics are long poem or story about the heroic deeds. In India most of the ancient temples are
built by stones and carving many historical or mythological stories on the walls or the pillars. So the
poet called the temples.
5. Explain the lines ‘A song bathed in the stainless blue un capturing in the void’.
Ans: In and the poet sang the song which is very remarkable and pure, it was bathed in the firm
melodious voice that which does not disappear into nothingness.
6. Write in brief your vision of the future of India.
Ans: According to poet, the future of our country can open up on mother’s forehead. It is like earth’s
destiny. All the sorrows and suffering came to an end and new things and views will come and make
the people happy. The god will protect the earth and saves all. I envision of very bright future for
India. A India where there all people work hard for the development of the country. All Indians
should be happy and live harmoniously with each other. There should be no discrimination and all
the people should be treated as equal.
5. THE CONCERT
Multiple Questions
1. Smitha is .................years old.
a. 12 b. 16 c. 10 d. 14
2. The maestro who was playing at Shanmukhananda Auditorium was...............
a. A.R. Rahaman b. Bismilla Khan c. Pandit Jasraj d. Pandit Ravi Shankar
3. ‘It’s the chance of a life time’, said Ananth. What was the chance of a lifetime?
a. play sitar b. play with his sister c. attend Pandit Ravishankar’s concert
 d. go to cancer hospital
4. Smitha and Ananth’s home town is ..............
a. Bombay b. Gangapur c. Lucknow d. Delhi
5. Ananth was suffering from..............
a. hypertension b. tuberculosis c. hepatitis – B d. cancer
6. Smitha’s family moved to Bombay................
a. so that Ananth could learn Sitar b. so that Ananth could learn tennis
c. so that Ananth could be treated at the Cancer hospital
d. so that Ananth could attend concerts.
7. In Bombay Ananth and his family stayed................
a. with Aunt Sushila b. in an independent apartment c. in a hostel d. in a hotel
8. “They did not voice their fears”. Who does the word ‘they’ stand for?
a. doctors b. friends c. family members d. neighbors
9. The great wizard of music, who played Tabla with Pandit Ravi Shankar, was...........
a. Ustad Allah Rakha b. Zakir Hussain c. Amjad Alik Khan d. A.R. Rehman
10. “Suddenly a daring thought came to her” What was the daring thought?
a. ask music maestros to play for her brother in her house
b. to take Ananth to the music concert c. to take Ananth to cancer hospital
d. to go to the concert with her father
11. ‘He actually raised himself up without help’ she said with a catch in her throat. The underlined
phrase shows that
a. she had cold and cough b. someone had caught her by the throat
c. she was filled with grief d. she had tied something round her throat
12. You know he needs all the sleep and rest he can get Smita’s mother said this because the boy
a. had worked all night b. had just finished his examination
c. had come back from a long trip d. was very ill and weak
13. “Take him home. Give him the things he likes” The doctors said this because.........
a. Anant had been completely cured b. they knew he had not many days to live
c. there were too many patients in the hospital d. Anant gave them too much trouble
14. “They had come with high hopes”. Their hopes were that.............
a. they could get ticket to the concert b. Pandit Ravi Shankar would come to their house
c. the doctors would be able to cure Anant d. they could stay with Aunt Sushila
15. ‘You must not bother him with such a request’. The request was...............
a. requesting Ravi Shankar to come to her house and play Sitar for Ananth
b. requesting the doctors to treat Ananth c. requesting father to take Ananth to the concert
d. requesting aunt Sushila to allow them to stay in her house
16. “We perform for the boy’ who said this?
a. Ustad Allah Rakha b. Pandit Ravi Shankar c. Mustachioed man d. Organizer
Answer in 2-3 sentence each:
1. Why did Smitha get excited after reading the newspaper?
Ans: Smitha got excited after reading the newspaper because it had the news of Pandit Ravi
Shankar’s music concert at the Shanmukhananda Auditorium the next day.
2. Why do you think the mother cautioned the girl?
Ans: Smitha’s brother, Ananth had been struck with cancer. He was very sick was lying on the bed.
So the mother cautioned Smitha not to disturb Ananth.
3. Why did Smitha’s family move to Bombay?
Ans: Smitha’s brother Ananth was suffering from cancer. They moved to Bombay from their native
town Gaganpur, so that he could be treated at the cancer hospital in the city.
4. For a moment, Smitha had forgotten something. What was it?
Ans: For a moment, Smitha had forgotten that Ananth was very ill and not in a position to go to the
concert.
5. In what way was the truth frightening to Smitha?
Ans: Though Smitha and her family had pretended Anant would get well, she had known that
Anant was going to die of cancer. This was frightening to Smitha.
6. Do you consider Ananth a talented boy? Justify your answer.
Ans: Yes, Anant was a talented boy. He was the best table - tennis player in the school and the
fastest runner. He was learning to play the Sitar and was already able to compose his own tunes.
7. They had come with high hopes”, what hopes did Ananth’s parents have?
Ans.: Ananth’s parents had high hopes in the miracles of modem science. They thought that he
would be cured. Then he could talk and run again and hoped that he would become a great
sitarist one day.
8. What did the doctors say to Ananth’s parents? Were they words of hope or words of despair?
Ans: The doctors asked Ananth’s parents to take him home and give him whatever he liked. They
were the words of despair because his parents realized that he had not many days to live.
9. Why were the neighbors surprised?
Ans: The neighbors could not believe their eyes because they saw Pandit Ravi Shankar, the Sitar
maestro and Ustad Allah Rakha, the great tabla maestro arrived to the boy’s house.
10. Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha performed in the boy’s house. How was this
unusual incident?
Ans: Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha were world famous musicians. Inspite of their
busy schedule and high profile they visited the boy and performed for him.
11. Why do you think that Smitha’s mother cautioned her not to make noise?
Ans: Smitha on looking up the newspaper almost shouted with excitement. But her brother Anant
was ill and suffering from cancer. She cautioned her not to make noise so that he could rest.
12. What was the chance of a lifetime for Ananth?
Ans: Ananth was a music lover and was also learning to play sitar. Listening to Sitar maestro’s
music and attending his concert was the chance of lifetime for Anant.
13. ‘Suddenly a daring thought came to her’ what was the daring thought?
Ans: Smitha knew that her brother Anant was dying of cancer. She wanted to fulfill his wish. So she
thought of going to the concert and request Pandit Ravi Shankar to perform for her brother.
14. How did Smitha enjoy the concert? Ans: Smitha was spellbound by the music. As the first notes
came over the air, she felt as if the gates of enchantment and wonder were opening. But every beat of
Tabla reminded her of Ananth’s voice.
15. Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha performed in the boy’s house’ How was this an
unusual incident?
Ans: Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha were world famous musicians. In spite of their
busy schedule and high profile they visited the boy and performed for him.
16. In the course of the story ‘The Concert’, whom do you consider to be more worried, Smitha or
Anant?
Ans: In the story, Smitha was more worried than others. Though attending the concert was a chance
of lifetime, she could not enjoy it completely because Anant was not with her. She was always
thinking how to fulfill Ananth’s wish.
17. As Smitha sat listening to the music, she was spellbound. But all the while, her mind was
echoing something else, what was that?
Ans: Spellbound, Smitha listened to the unfolding ragas, but all the while her mind was planning to
meet Ravi Shankar personally and share her feelings about her brother’s plight. If possible she would
like to arrange for home concert for her brother. That was the chance of his life.
18. Did Smitha tell what she had in her mind to the musicians? Who responded to her request
immediately? What was the response?
Ans: Yes, Smitha told the story of her brother who lay sick at home, and how he longed to hear
them. Pandit Ravi Shankar responded to her immediately and the concert was arranged at their home
for him.
19. Can you say that the concert was entertaining Smitha. Justify
Ans: No, The concert was not entertaining Smitha. Because she was feeling sorrow at the pathetic
condition of her brother Ananth.
Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow.
1. “You’ll wake him up. You know he needs all the sleep and rest he can get”
a. Who was sleeping? Ans.: Anant was sleeping
b. Why does he need rest? Ans.:Anant was suffering from cancer and had become very week. So
he needed rest.
2. “We mustn’t miss the chance”
a. What chance did the boy not like to miss?
Ans.: The boy did not like to miss the chance of attending Pandit Ravishankar’s music concert.
b. Why is he so eager to make use of it?
Ans.: The boy himself was a Sitar player. He was suffering from Cancer and was very ill. He
thought he might not get another chance, so he was eager to make use of it.
3. “Take him home. Give him the things he likes, indulge him”.
a. Who said the above statement? Ans.: Doctors who were treating Anant.
b. Why did they say so?
Ans.: Anant’s condition grew worse with each passing day and the doctors knew that the boy had
not many days to live. This made them to say so.
4. “A walk in the park might make you feel better”.
a. Who suggested a walk in the park?
Ans.: Aunt Sushila suggested a walk in the park.
b. How was her mood in the park?
Ans.: Smita felt alone in the midst of people who were walking, running, playing etc. She was lost in
her thoughts.
5. ‘But they did not voice their fears” a. What did Anant’s parents fear? Ans.: Anant’s parents
feared that the boy had not many days to live.
b. How did they behave towards him?
Ans.: They laughed, talked and surrounded Anant with whatever made him happy. They fulfilled his
every need.
6. ‘Panditji is a busy man. You must not bother him with such requests’
a. Who was bothering Panditji? Ans: Smitha
b. What was the request made?
Ans.: The request was made to Pandit Ravishankar to come to the house and play for Anant.
7. They could not believe their eyes. ‘It is ......... It’s not possible?’ they said.
a. Who could not believe their eyes? Ans.: Neighbors could not believe their eyes
b. Why couldn’t they believe their eyes?
Ans.: They couldn’t believe their eyes because Pandit Ravishankar and Ustad Allah Rakha came to
Aunt Sushila’s house to play for Anant.
8. ‘Enjoy yourself, lucky you!’
a. Who is considered as lucky? Ans.: Smitha is considered as lucky
b. Why is she lucky?
Ans: She is lucky because she was going to attend the music concert of Pandit Ravi Shankar, with
her father. But Ananth could not go because of his ill health.
9. “No, how can I? We’ve always done things together’.
a. Who has done the things together? Ans: Anant and Smitha
b. Why is it not possible now?
Ans: It was not possible now because Anant had cancer and was confined to bed. He could not go
anywhere with Smitha.
 Answer in 8-10 lines:
1. Why do you think that Smitha and Ravi Shankar deserve the appreciation of readers?
Ans: Smitha could not take Anant with her to the concert because he was suffering from cancer. She
went to the concert with her father and enjoyed Ravshankar’s recital. She also wanted her brother to
listen to Ravi Shankar’s music. So, she approached Ravi Shankar and told all about Anant and
requested him to come to his house and play sitar. No one could imagine that a great musician like
Ravi Shankar would agree to her request. But he along with table maestro Ustad Allah Rakha played
for Anant. Thus Smitha and Ravi Shankar deserve our appreciation
2. ‘Where there is will, there is way’. How is this saying apt for Smitha?
Ans: Smitha and Anant had done things together. Now Anant was ill and could not accompany
Smitha to the music concert. Instead at sitting home and repenting for the loss, she went to the
concert with her father. She also gathered courage to request Panditji to come to her house and play
for Anant. To everyone’s surprise maestros agreed to her request and came to her house and played
for him. It was unbelievable for everyone. Thus we can justify that ‘Where there is will, there is way’
is apt for Smita
3. Smitha was successful in fulfilling her brother Ansnt’s dream. Describe.
Ans: Smita was very concederated to her brother Anath. he was suffering of cancer and he was not
many days to live. he had a great fan of Ravishankar and and dream of attending his concert. Smita
wanted to fulfil the dream so that she attended the concert with her father. In the concert her mind
was thinking only about her brother dream after the concert she went forword to meet Ravishankar
Prasad and told the dream of her brother and requested him to come and play for her brothr.
Ravishankar was very kind hearted. Next day RAvishankar and Alla Rakha went together to Anath;s
home and play for him. Anath felt very happy then he breathed his last. in this way she fulfilled the
dream of her brother Anath.
5. JAZZ POEM TWO
Summary:
The poem ‘Jazz Poem Two’ written by Carl Wendall Hines, Jr. in this poem an old
Jazz musician is standing like a Black Ancient mariner. His old face is wrinkled and weary. His
faded blue shirt has turned dark with sweat.. His stomach is hanging loosely. His jacket is torn out
and his necktie is undone and dropping loosely over the jacket. His shoes are torn and are stuffed
with paper to cover the holes. His rough unshaven face shows pain. He stands alone head down, eyes
closed and ears perked. An old saxophone hangs across his chest supported from his neck by a wire
coat hanger. He gently lifts the saxophone to the parted lips. But once he starts playing music he is
no longer a Black man but a bird which gathers his wings and flies high and higher. He seems to be
spreading the message of God through his music.
Multiple questions:
1. “ ...... his run-down shoes have paper in them”. This suggests the Jazz player .........
a. had come running b. was poor c. was a good sportsman d. kept his notes in his shoes
2. “ ............ his wrinkled old face so, Full of the weariness of living” These lines shows that the Jazz
player was ..........
a. an old man full of life b. old but cheerful
c. an old man tired of living d. tired of his wrinkles
Ans. c. an old tired of living
3. The musical instrument mentioned in the poem ‘Jazz Poem Two’ is ...........
a. flute b. table c. saxophone d. Sitar
4. “ ........... he is no longer a man, no not even a Black man”. What else is he? ....
a. a preacher b. a bird c. a white man d. an ancient mariner
5. “ ............. now preaching it with words of screaming notes and chords”. These lines suggests that the
Jazz player ...............
a. was shouting very loudly b. had an old Saxophone
c. wanted to be louder than other players d. wanted to convey a message through his music
6. “There he stands, see? Like a black Ancient Mariner ........ “ Name the figure of speech in the above
sentence .................
a. personification b. simile c. metaphor d. paradox
II. Answer the following questions in a word/phrase or a sentence each:
1. What is Jazz player is compared to in the two lines of the poem?
Ans: Jazz player compared to a black Ancient Mariner
2. Why do you think the Jazz player keeps his head down?
Ans: Jazz player keeps his head down because his life his full of wearies.
3. What does each wrinkle on the Jazz players face show?
Ans: Each Wrinkle on the face of the Jazz player’s face shows pain
4. Why do you think the Jazz player has been sent here?
Ans: Jazz player has been sent here to spread the message of God.
5. What is the Jazz player supposed to be when he plays music?
Ans: Jazz player is supposed to be a bird when he plays music.
6. What did the Jazz player have in his shoes?
Ans: The Jazz player had paper in his shoes.
III Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow:
1. “His run down shoes have paper in them and his rough unshaven face shows pain in each wrinkle”
a. why do the shoes have paper in them?
Ans: The Jazz player is a poor man this shoes are old and torn and he has put paper in them to be
able to wear them.
b. What does the description of the face suggest?
Ans: The Jazz player’s face is unshaven which suggests that he does not care for his appearance.
He has led a hard life so his face in wrinkled.
2. “Gently he lifts it now to parted lips, see? To tell all the world that he is a Black man”
a. What does he lift? Ans.: He lifted an old saxophone.
b. What message does he want to convey?
Ans: Through his music, he wishes to convey the message of God to his listeners.
3. “He is no longer a man. no not even a Black man. but (Yeah!) A Bird”
a. When is he no longer man?
Ans: As the Jazz player begins to play on his Saxophone he is a changed man.
b. What do these lines suggest?
Ans: The Jazz player may be a poor old man, but when he plays he seems to go higher and higher
like a bird. He can capture hearts through his music.
IV Answer the following questions in two or three sentences:
1. Give a short description of the Jazz player
Ans: The Jazz player has wrinkled old face. He is unshaven and has a tired look. He wears a faded
blue shirt, old necktie and jacket. His shoes too are old and worn out.
2. Why do you think the Jazz player keeps her head down?
Ans: The Jazz player is a poor, old man. He has led a hard life. He is tired and keeps his head down.
3. The word ‘old’ has been repeated several times in the first two stanzas.
Ans: Everything about the man is old his face, his clothes and his shoes. He appears to be a pathetic
figure.
4. What message does the Jazz player want to convey?
Ans: The Jazz player wants to convey to the world that he is Black man who can draw people
towards him through his music.
5. How does the Jazz player change as he plays on the saxophone?
Ans.: As the Jazz player starts to play on the Saxophone he is no longer an old Black man. He
produces wonderful music and appears to be like a bird flying higher and higher.
6. How has the Jazz player held his instrument?
Ans.: The Jazz player has held his instrument across his chest. It is supported by a wire coat hanger
from his neck.
7. ‘He is no longer a man’ says the poet. Who else is he supposed to be if he is no longer a man?
Ans.: The Jazz player forgets everything when he plays the music to preach the world. At that
moment he feels like a bird which gathers his wings and flies higher and higher.
V Answer the following in 8-10 sentences each.
1. Write the substance of the poem ‘Jazz Poem Two’.
Ans: An old Jazz musician is standing like a Black Ancient mariner. His old face is wrinkled and
weary. His faded blue shirt has turned dark with sweat. Blue shirt has turned dark with sweat. His
stomach is hanging loosely. His jacket is worn out and his necktie is undone and dropping loosely
over the jacket. His shoes are torn and are stuffed with paper to cover the holes. His rough unshaven
face shows pain. He stands alone head down, eyes closed and ears perked. An old saxophone hangs
across his chest supported from his neck by a wire coat hanger. He gently lifts the saxophone to the
parted lips. But once he starts playing music he is no longer a Black man but a bird which gathers his
wings and flies high and higher. He seems to be spreading the message of God through his music.
2. Describe the physical appearance of Jazz? What special skill did he have?
Ans: The Jazz player has a rough unshaven face and sagging stomach. He wears a faded blue shirt, a
loose necktie and an old jacket. His shoes are run down. Across his chest is an old alto saxophone
supported from his neck by a wire coat hanger. The Jazz player at first has a weary expression on his
face. He keeps his head down and appears lifeless. When it is his turn to play, he lifts the saxophone
to his lips; suddenly he is filled with a new life. He is no longer an ordinary may. He is like a bird
flying higher and higher, totally lost in the beautiful music he produces.
6 DISCOVERY
Multiple questions
1) “The Santa Maria will be lighter for his carcass”. These words were said by
a. Diego b. Francisco c. Pedro d. Guillermo Ires
2) “A Good sailor knows his place”, says Columbus to Diego. This statement is
a. apiece of advice b. an indirect command c. an expression of sorrow d. a cry of horror
3) Columbus feels that his worst enemy is
a. the angry sea b. his vision c. his uncontrolled tongue d. the sailors song
4) What did Pepe eager to say? He was
a. loyal b. disobedient c. disloyal d. unfaithful
5) Who’s to put him in irons? Challenges Guillermo. The person meant by ‘him’ in this context is
a. Guillermo b. The first man to move towards Columbus
c. Columbus d. The first man who challenged Columbus
6) Columbus set out from Spain
a. for a long holiday b. to become a new world
c. to discover a new world d. to make new friends
7) Columbus said that he had discovered one thing. It was
a. there were no buts to discipline b. a good sailor knows his place
c. God’s will was his will d. a man with a vision has to follow it alone.
8) “Your best cannot be bettered”, says Columbus. This implies that
a. No one is perfect at anytime b. There is always scope for improvement
c. Once we reach the best, we cannot improve d. Columbus is not totally happy with Francisco
9) ‘I will perform it myself, says Columbus. What does ‘it’ mean here?
a. To navigate the ship forward b. To out Guillermo Iris in irons.
c. To turn back the helps towards Spain d. To stop the seamen singing
10) After ‘a perceptible Pause’, who grows mare mutinous than others?
a. Pedro b. Guillermo c. Diego d. Francisco
11) “Everybody doubts except me” who said this?
a. Pearo b. Pepe c. Diego d. Juan Pation
12) Columbus says, “would God implant desire to solve mystery and he doesn’t provide solutions? The
mood of Columbus in saying this.
 a. Desperate b. Trust/Faith in God c. Angry d. Helplessness
13) The seamen were desperate because
a. they were tired and wanted to return to their homes and families
b. there was a storm in the sea c. they were tortured by the captain d.
the food in the ship was exhausted.
14) “Your duty is to obey me as mine is to obey the Royal sovereigns of Spain who sent me”.
These words prove that he was loyal to his king
a.
15) The captain of the discovery of The New World (America) was____
A. Gullermo Ires B. Pedro Gutierrez C. Francisco D. Columbus
16) The name of the ship that took Columbus to the New world of America
A. Santa Maria B Spainia C. Titanic D. Britannica
17) The seamen were singing the song to
A. keep their spirits B. keep away boredom c. enjoy their voyage D. find the New World
18) The word which was considered ugly by Diego was
A. irons B. ship C. Spain D. mutiny
19) The song in the beginning of the play “The Discovery” conveys the ____
A. sorrow mood of the seamen. B. happy mood of the seamen.
C. active mood of the seamen. D. jealousy mood of the seamen.
20) What was Columbus’ worst enemy? It was his_
A. unbridled tongue B. Will C. song of sailors D. ship in Storm
21) What was Columbus’ best friend? It was his
A. unbridled tongue B. Will C. song of sailors D. Storm
22) Who preferred the company of Columbus?
A. Diego Garcia B. Columbus C. Francisco D. Pepe
23) Who did Columbus have faith? He had faith in
A. Diego Garcia B. Guillermo Ires C. Pedro Gutierrez D. young Pepe.
24) “Santa Maria will be the lighter for his carcass” whose words is Pepe quoting here?
A. Diego Garcia B. Guillermo lrish C. Francisco D. Pedro Gutierrez
25) “What! Does that child stand between me and death?” who is child referred?
A. Diego Garcia B. Columbus C. Francisco D. Pepe
26) What does Columbus compare Loyalty to?
A. seaweed on an outgoing tide B. a mast hollowed by worms
C. bubbles that burst at the first contact D. Storm against deep a ship
27) What does Columbus compare friendship to?________
A. seaweed on an outgoing tide B. a mast hollowed by worms
C. bubbles that burst at the first contact D. storm against a ship
28) What does Columbus compare Discipline, duty and obedience to?
A. seaweed on an outgoing tide B. a mast hollowed by warms
C. bubbles that burst at the first contact D. storm against a ship
Answer in 2-3 sentence each:
1) Write about the physical features of Columbus in the play ‘The Discovery’.
Ans: Columbus is a tall, well-built man of forty six. Hair prematurely white, complexion fair, almost
ruddy. A man of quick temper and irritability which he controls only with an effort .His face, in
response, is melancholic.
2. The play begins with a song. What mood does this convey?
Ans: The seamen who had been away from home for a long time had not sighted land. The song
shows that the seamen were desperate.
3. ‘There are limits to patience’, says Diego. What does this suggest about Diego’s state of mind?
Ans: Diego along with the seamen were tired of the voyage and wanted to return home, but
Columbus was firm and would not give up. So Dicgo desperately said these words.
4. Who do you think has the lives of fifty in his hands? How?
Ans: Christopher Columbus had the lives of fifty seamen in his hands. He was their captain. The
seamen were tried and wanted to return home but Columbus was firm and would not give up.
5. What does Columbus feel his worst enemy? Why do you think he feel so?
Ans: Columbus feels that his uncontrolled tongue is his worst enemy. Columbus was a man who lost
his temper soon and was easily irritated. He would often speak rudely to his men which made them
angry towards him.
6. How did Pedro try to defend the drunken seamen? Was he right in defending them?
Ans: Pedro defending that the drunken seamen were simple men and wanted to relax by drinking as
they did not have the same vision as Columbus. Pedro was not right in defending the seamen because
their drinking was leading to unruly behavior
7. ‘Mutiny is an ugly word’, says ‘Diego. Is mutiny an ugly word? If so, why?
Ans: Yes, because mutiny leads to destruction. Mutiny curbs the development of determination,
tolerance and faith in God.
8. Colum bus was always furious when he heard the seamen’s song. Why did it make him angry?
Ans: The song expressed the seamen’s love for drinking which was a sign of their deep discontent.
Columbus was angry because they did not understand what he was trying to achieve
9. Columbus feels that whatever he does, it is God’s will. What will of God does he like to
fulfiI1through this venture?
Ans: Columbus felt that it was the will of God that he should discover a new world which would
bring wealth to his country and help them to bring new souls on the path to God.
10. Columbus says, “Would God implant desire to solve mystery and he doesn’t provide
solutions?” Identify the mood of Columbus in saying this?
Ans: Columbus had been sailing for many days not yet sighted land. His men were turning against
him. But Columbus felt that if God had sent him he would surely help him find a way. These words
show that he had faith in God.
11. Whose company did Pepe prefer? What was the reason for this?
Ans: Pepe preferred to be in the company of Columbus because he had faith in Columbus vision.
12. Pepe warns Columbus about some people. Who are they?
Ans: Pepe warns Columbus about the other sailors because they drank too much and were going
against Columbus.
13. How did the seamen show their anger towards Columbus?
Ans: The seamen rushed in an angry mass towards Columbus growling like wild animals.
14. “Discipline knows no buts” what made Columbus say this?
Ans: Columbus wanted to punish Guillermo Ires, who had disobeyed Columbus. So he ordered that
Guillermo should be brought to him. Francisco tried to protest, against this. Columbus then said
these words.
15. Why did the Crewmates of Columbus feel desperate?
Ans: After sailing for so many days, Columbus and his men could not sight a land. They were tired
and wanted to return to their homes and families. But Columbus would not give up. So they were
desperate.
16. ‘Devil’s track to nowhere’, says Guillermo. What does this suggest about the thinking of the
seamen?
Ans: The seamen felt that Columbus was perhaps possessed by the Devil. He was risking their lives
and taking them on a voyage which would take them nowhere.
17. How did Pepe prove his loyalty to Columbus?
Ans: Pepe was the only person who had faith in Columbus and tried to warn him about how
desperate the others had become. When the seamen rushed to kill Columbus, Pepe stood before them
with his arms spread out and told them that they would have to kill him first. His loyalty put the
others to shame.
18. “This is a voyage of discovery”. What had Columbus set out to discover?
Ans: Columbus had set out to discover a new world, where he would find new wealth and a new
territory for his king and queen to rule.
19. According to Columbus, what was the one thing that he had discovered?
Ans: Columbus said that he had discovered one thing - that if a man had a vision, he must follow it
alone. He should not expect loyalty, friendship, discipline or obedience from others.
20. Pepe says, “Everybody doubts except me”. Why do you think he is an exception.
Ans: Because Pepe was loyal to his captain and believed that the captain would reach his destiny
when the other seamen wanted to attack him with anger.
21. Pepe excitedly declares that he is still loyal to the leaders what effect does it have on others like
Juan and Guillermo?
Ans: Pepe was the only one who had the faith that Columbus would discover a new world. But the
other sailors like Juan and Guillermo rebelled against him and even tried to attack him and abused
Pepe when he came forward to save Columbus from being attacked.
Extracts:
1. “A good sailor knows his place” says Columbus to Diego
a. Was Columbus giving to Diego a piece of advice or was it an indirect command?
Ans.: It is an indirect command.
b. What was ‘Diego’s reaction?
Ans.: Diego tried to suppress his anger and with a scowl goes off from there.
C. Why did Columbus say so? Ans: Because his claim was that only the captain of the ship has the
right to appear on the quarter deck.
2. “The Santa Maria will be lighter for his carcass”.
a. Whose words was Pepe quoting here? Ans: Pepe was quoting the words of Guillermo Ires.
b. What do the words reveal about the person who said them? Ans: These words show that the
speaker was so upset with Columbus that he wished he was dead.
C .What does the word carcass mean here? Ans: Dead body.
3. “Once clear of the Devil’s track to nowhere”, we’ll below our way back home”.
a. What does ‘Devil’s track to nowhere’ suggest about the thinking of the seamen?
Ans.: He was risking their lives and taking them on a voyage which would take them nowhere.
b. How did they prove to be wrong? Ans.: Very soon, land was sighted and a New World
was discovered. So they proved to be wrong.
C. Why did they say so? Ans : Because the sea men thought Columbus was trying take the
lives of fifty men and they were fed up with arrogancy of Columbus.
4. “Your duty is to obey me as mine is to obey the Royal Sovereigns of Spain who sent me’.
a. When did Columbus say these words to Guillermo? Ans.: Guillermo rebelled against
Columbus and demanded that they should give up their search for a new land.
b. What do these words prove? Ans.: These words prove that Columbus was not only a strong
leader but was also loyal and obedient towards his king and queen.
C. Why did Columbus say so? Ans: To calm the rebbled of Guillermo and the sea men.
5. “Why should one man have lives of fifty in his hands?”
a. Who is the speaker? Ans.: Diego said these words to Pedro
b. What does the speaker mean?
Ans: Diego said these words meaning that Columbus had no right to spoil their lives.
C. What made him to say so? Ans: Diego and other Seamen were becoming impatient and they
wanted to
6. “Mutiny is an ugly word, Sir”
a. Who is the speaker of the statement? Ans: Diego said these words
Ans: The word is ugly because Mutiny’ is a deed which leads to destruction.
C. Why did he say so? Ans: Because Pedro thought that Deigo and the Sea Men were
entertaining the Mutinous thoughts.
7. “Discipline knows no buts” says Columbus
a. When did Columbus say this? Ans.: when He asked Francisco to bring Guillermo Ires to him for
speaking against him. Francisco hesitated to obey his order.
b. What did Columbus mean to say by these words?
Ans: Columbus meant that one should not hesitate to enforce discipline.
C . To what does the word discipline here refer to?
Ans : It refers to the rules and regulations that the sea men and others to follow on the ships.
8. Pepe said, “Captain, be careful sometimes they are desperate”
a. Why did Pepe say these words?
Ans: Pepe tried to warn Columbus that these could be danger from them anytime
b. Why were they desperate? Ans.: they lost their patience as they left their family since many days
back they wanted to go back to Spain
c . Whom does the word they refer to? Ans: to the sea men.
9. “What! does that child stand between me and death?”
a Who is the speaker? Ans: Columbus said this
b. When did speakeray this? Ans: When Columbus hears Pepe saying that he had to be killed first.
c.What had the child done? Ans: The child (Pepe) stood in front of Columbus to protect him from
being attacked by the seamen.
d. Why did speaker say so? Ans: Because when the sea men rushed towards Columbus to kill him
Pepe runs to the foot of the stairs and stands with arms spread out.
10. “They ought to stop that. The captain is always furious when he hears it.”
A. Who should stop that? Ans: The sailors should stop that.
B. What does ‘it’ refer to? Why is the captain furious to hear that? Ans: ‘it’ refers to the seamen’s
song. The captain Columbus is furious to hear that because he did not like the attitude of sailors.
C. What made him to say so? Ans: Juan thought that the song of the sea was having the smell of
mutiny.
11. “There are limits to patience, sir”
A. Who lost his patience? Ans: Diego lost his patience.
B. Who is he speaking to? Ans: Diego is speaking to Pedro.
C .Why did speak so? Ans : He lost his patience and wanted to go back to Spain.
12. “We’re like bats trying to fly by day. It’s time he gave way. Why should one man have the lives
of fifty in his hands?”
A. Who is compared to bats? Ans: The seamen are compared to bats flying in the morning.
B. What does the speaker mean? Ans: Speaker means that the seamen are forced to continue voyage
C. Who had the lives of fifty in his hands? Ans: Columbus had the lives of fifty in his hands.
13. A curb for my tongue-oh a curb for my unbridled tongue, my worst enemy! My will, friend,
because God’s will, shall that suffice”
A. Who said this to whom? Why? Ans: Columbus said this to Pedro. Because Columbus confessed
his quick temperas enemy and his will Power as friend.
B. Why did he call his will as friend and tongue as enemy? Ans: Because his will is the will of
God where as his tongue speaks words of discomfort to seamen.
C .What does the word “unbridled” mean? Ans: Un controlled
14. “I do not claim your confidence, Sir.”
A. Who do ‘I ‘refer to? Who is the ‘sir ‘here? Ans: ‘I ‘refer to Pedro. Columbus is the ‘sir ‘here
B. What was his confident in? Ans: He was his confident in his discovery.
C .what was reason for his not being confidence? Ans: Because he Pedro and other sea men were
have become desperate and want to go back to Spain.
15. “I prefer your company to theirs.”
A. Whose company does the speaker prefer to?
Ans: The speaker prefers the company of Columbus.
B. Whose company does not he like? Why? Ans: He does not like the company of the seamen.
Because he does not like their desperate and horrible behavior.
 C .Why did he like his company? Ans: he was the faithful servant of Columbus.
D. Who is the speaker? Ans: Pepe.
16. “They are simple men and must have their relaxation. We have not all your visions, Captain.”
A. Who does ‘they’ refer to? Ans: ‘They’ refers to the seamen.
B. Who is the captain? What were his visions? Ans: Columbus is the captain. His vision was to
discover the New World America.
C. What were they doing for relaxation? Ans : They were singing for relaxation
17. “So far, I have discovered but one thing”
a. Who do ‘I’ refer to? Ans.: Columbus
b. When did the speaker say this? Ans.: When Columbus was disappointed with the behavior of
seamen.
c. What had he discovered? Ans.: he discovered that when a man is given a vision, he must
follow it alone.
18. ‘What! Does that child stand between me and death?
a. Who does the ‘child’ refer to? Ans. : Pepe
b. When did the speaker say so? Ans.: When Pepe stood between the seamen and Columbus.
c. What character does the child’s action reveal? Ans.: Pepe was loyal to Columbus
19. “Cowards, Cowards! You will have to kill me first”
a. Who is the speaker and whom did he call cowards?
Ans: Pepe is the speaker. Guillermo and seamen.
b. When did the speaker say these words?
Ans.: When Guillermo and some Seamen tried to attack Columbus.
c. What character does it reveal about the speaker.
Ans: Pepe was loyal and obedient to Columbus
20. “Stop! What is the meaning of this wild uproar? The first man to move shall spend the rest of
the night in irons!”
A. Who is speaker? Who is he speaking to? Ans: Columbus is speaking to the sailors.
B. Who was making the uproar? Ans: The seamen were making the up roar.
C. Why did he say so?
Ans : Because they were discontented with the voyage. They were home sick.
21. “Your duty is to obey me as mine is to obey the Royal Sovereign of Spain who sent me”
a. Who is the speaker here? Ans: Columbus
b. When did the speaker say these words? Ans: When Guillermo rebelled against Columbus,
Columbus reminded him of his duty to obey his order.
c. What character does this statement reveal about the speaker?
Ans: Columbus as an efficient captain and loyal to his king and queen.
22. “Have him down! Pitch him over head! Put him in the Irons! Devil’s tool!
a. Who is the speaker? Ans : Sailers
b.Who is devil’s tool? Ans: Colombus
c. What mood of the speaker expressed here? Ans: angry and desperate
Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 8-10 sentences.
1) “Columbus had the will power and had the strength to face obstacles” Justify your answer.
Ans.: Columbus and his crew left Spain to discover the new world. He and his men sailed for a long
time but did not come across the trace of any land. The sailors were fed up. They wanted to go back
to their places. They asked Columbus to turn the ship back to their country. When Columbus asked
then to wait for a few days, the crew became angry. The sailors thought of revolting and even
murdering Columbus. One of the sailors rushed towards Columbus to murder him, Pepe another
sailor interviewed him and saved the life of Columbus. Columbus had a lot of patience and
encouraged his sailors not to become desperate. After a few days Columbus saw a light faintly
flickering rising up and down. The land he discovered was west Indies. The crew jumped with joy.
2) Swami Vivekananda says, “Purity Patience and perseverance are the essentials to success and
above all Love”. Does Columbus posses all these qualities? Justify.
Ans.: Columbus wanted to discover a new world which would make his country, king and queen
rich. He had faith in God and there was purity in his intentions. All his men wanted to give up, but he
had patience and he persevered till he reached his goal. He did not lost heart. Columbus had love –
love for his country. Love for God. His good qualities finally lead him to success.
3) How was the excitement of finding a new land expressed by different characters at the end of
the play?
Ans.: Columbus pointed out a light, faintly flickering, which rises up and down. Then Pedro, with a
wild shout said Glory by to God and the sea mean with joy and excitement cried a light, land! Land!
And blessed mother of God.
6. BALLAD OF THE TEMPEST (Memorization)
I. Multiple questions
1. ‘Not a soul would dare to sleep’ The figure of speech used here is
a. metaphor b. personification c. simile d. synecdoche
2. A shelter for ships is known as
a. cabin b. mast c. harbor d. anchor
3. ‘There we kissed the little maiden’ The sailors did this because
a. she was a pretty little girl b. they wanted to say good bye
c. she was the captain’s daughter d. she filled their hearts with hope.
4. The captain’s daughter had faith that
a. winter should soon end b. god would protect them
c. her father could save the ship d. she could stop the storm
5. While the hungry sea was roaring. The figure of speech employed here is
a. simile b. metaphor c. personification d. Synecdoche
6. And the breakers talked with death. The figure of speech here is
a. Metaphor b. synecdoche c. simile d. personification
II. Answer the following questions in a word/phrase (VSA)
1. Why could not the sailors sleep?
Ans: Because the sailors were afraid that the storm would destroy the ship.
2. Who were crowded in the cabin?
Ans.: The sailors were crowded in the cabin
3. What is a fearful thing according to the poet James T. Fields?
Ans: According to the poet, it is a fearful thing to be hit by a violent storm at sea in winter.
4. Why was the little maiden kissed?
Ans: Because the little girl brought back hope to the sailors by saying that God would protect them.
III. Answer the following in 2—3 sentences each:
1. Usually storms are formed in the deep sea. What precaution have the sailors got to take before
voyage?
Ans: Before setting out on a voyage, sailors have to make sure that the ship is strong enough to
withstand any storm at sea. They have to be well stocked with food and water. They need life saving
jackets and be sturdy swimmers.
2. When the captain shouted. ‘We are lost’. How did his daughter react?
Ans: His daughter held his hand and gently asked if God protected us on land would he not protect
us when they are on the ocean.
3. The speaker and his crew-mates sat in darkness and prayed. What did they hear?
Ans.: They heard the storm raging at sea, then the sailors sat in the darkness and prayed; The captain
staggered down the stairs and shouted ‘we are lost’.
4. The crew mates kissed the maiden and spoke in better cheers. What made them feel cheerful?
Ans.: The little girl asked her father if God protected them on land. Would he not protect them on
the sea. Her faith in God brought hope to the sailors and they kissed her in joy.
5. ‘A ship is always safe at the shore, but it was not built for that’ what does this mean?
Ans:A ship is built to take people and goods across the seas. If it just stays on the shore it will no
doubt be unharmed, but would be of no use to anyone.
6. ‘Tis a fearful thing in winter. What is referred to as a fearful thing in winter?
Ans.: To be caught in a fierce storm at sea in winter is the fearful thing.
7. What would be the condition in the deep sea during winter on the sea?
Ans.: The winds would be icy cold and the water too would be freezing.
8. The poet uses the phrase ‘the hungry sea’. What can the reader imagine from this?
Ans.: The poet personifies the sea hungry because when the storm is very severe, the huge waves
will drown the ship and sailors as if the sea is very hungry.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.
1. ‘We were crowded in the cabin, Not a soul would dare to sleep’
a. Who does the word ‘we’ refer to here? Ans: ‘We’ refer to the sailors.
b. Not a soul would dare to sleep-why was it so?
Ans: Because the sailors were afraid that the storm would destroy the ship and their lives.
2. ‘T is a fearful thing in winter’ To be shattered by the blast”
a. What is to as a ‘fearful thing’?
Ans.: To be caught in a fierce storm at sea in winter is the fearful thing.
b. How did it affect the sailors?
Ans. : The sailors lay awake saying a silent prayer in the dark.
3. “We are lost!” the captain shouted
a. Why did the captain say this?
Ans: The storm was very fierce and the captain feared that the ship would be torn apart any moment.
b. How did his daughter react to the situation?
Ans : His daughter remained calm. Holding her father’s hand she asked if God could protect them on
land would he not protect them on sea.
4. “Then we kissed the little maiden And we spoke in better cheer”
a. Who was the little maiden? Ans: The little maiden was the captain’s daughter.
b. Why did they kiss her? Ans.: The little girl brought back hope to the sailors by saying that God
would protect them. So, they kissed her.
5. “Isn’t God upon the ocean, Just the same as on the land?”
a. When did the speaker say these words?
Ans.: When the captain feared the ship was caught in the storm, he shouted we are lost!’ then the
captain’s daughter said these words.
b. What does these words show the attitude of the speaker? Ans.: Faith in God.
V. Answer the following in 8-10 sentences:
Summary: OR
Write in your own words the substance of the poem ‘Ballad of the Tempest’
Ans: “The Ballad of the Tempest” poem is written by James T Fields. In this poem, it was dark,
stormy night in winter a ship was out at sea. Huge waves dashed against the ship and the roar of the
sea filled the sailors with fear. They crowded together in one cabin. Even the bravest among them
could not sleep. They just sat in the darkness and prayed. As the storm continued, the captain too
gave up hope and said that nothing could save them. At that point, the captain’s little daughter held
his hand and quietly asked if God protected them on sea. Her faith in God filled the sailors with a
new hope. By morning, the storm cleared and they reached harbor safely.
7. COLOURS OF SILENCE
Multiple questions:
1. Satish did not want to go to a new school because.............
a. he loved his old school b. the new school was far off
c. the children would make fun of his deafness d. his friend Surender would not be there
2. Surender had to repeat the question three times to Satish because .............
a. Satish was not interested in what Surender was telling b. Satish could not hear properly
c. Satish could not understand what Surender was telling d. Surender was speaking in a low voice
3. Satish’s father argued with the head master, but in vain. The underlined phrase implies
that..............
a. the headmaster could not hear him b. the headmaster was not ready to agree
c.the headmaster was on the phone d. the father’s voice was too soft.
4. Satish Gujral is a famous.............
a. artist b. politician c. social worker d. doctor
5. “It was as if a whole world opened for Satish” This happened when he...........
a. opened his window b. started reading books c. fall from the bridge d. went to a new school
6. Satish avoided going out to play because..............
a. children in the neighborhood teased and taunted him b. he was very weak to play
c. he did not have anyone to play with d. doctor had advised him not to go out
7. The bird’s eyes kept moving here and there. Its body was ready for flight. This shows that the
bird...............
a. was afraid of falling b. was full of energy c. liked Satish d. wanted to be painted
8. Satish’s father felt that artists...............
a. do not make much money b. cannot read and write
c.are lazy and waste time d. make too much money
9. After the unsuccessful expedition to the schools, Satish became very moody. The word
‘expedition’ in the above sentence means.............
a. journey b. visit c. mountaineering d. painting
10. Satish expressed his gratitude to his father by............
a. telling ‘thank you’ b. hugging him tightly c. giving him a gift d. shaking hands with him
Answer in 2/3 sentences each:
1. Why was Satish confined to bed? What was the worst thing for him? Why was it so?
Ans: After the accident, Satish’s legs became very weak, requiring several operations. He frequently
suffered from bouts of fever and infections of the ear. So he was confined to bed. He was becoming
deaf and he could not bear the silence.
2. How did Satish meet with an accident?
Ans: On a holiday in Kashmir, Satish went hiking with his father and brother while crossing rickety
bridge over some rapids, his foot slipped and he fell into the rapids.
3. Satish didn’t want to go to a new school. What was the reason?
Ans: Satish didn’t want to go to a new school where he couldn’t talk to the other children, where
everyone would make fun of his deafness.
4. What did Satish see at the far corner of the garden? Why did it attract him?
Ans: Satish saw a bird at the far comer of the garden. Its restless energy attracted him.
5. What effect did the books he read have on Satish?
Ans: The books that Satish read were meant for adults. That made him feels depressed and left a
deep impression upon his sensitive mind. His own world is comfortable in comparison to the world
outside.
6. Describe the bird in the garden, which attracted Satish?
Ans: The bird had a long tail and black crest. It was restless and full of energy. Its eyes moved here
and there and its whole body seemed ever ready to fly.
7. How did the beautiful bird inspire Satish?
Ans: Satish stared at the bird for a long time. After it flew away he took out his note book and pencil
and made a sketch of the bird. He soon began to spend a lot of time making different sketches
8. Why was Satish’s father against drawing?
Ans: Satish’s father felt that artists do not make much money. He wanted a bright future for his son.
He thought that it is possible only by studying hard. He thought drawing as waste of time.
9. Satish’s parents were both his well-wishers. But each cared for him in a different way. How?
Ans: Satish’s father was optimistic and hoped that Satish’s hearing would come back. Instead of
wasting time on drawing, he wanted Satish to study. Satish’s mother did not have the hope that he
would recover. She was happy that her son had found good pass time in drawing and she did not
want to stop him.
10. Satish’s father accepted that his son’s destiny lay in canvas and paint. What did he promise to
do? How did Satish express his gratitude?
Ans: Satish’s father promised to find out the best school of arts so that Satish could make his life
inthe field of his choice. Satish’s eyes filled with tears and he hugged his father tightly.
11. Why was the school Satish going kept him out of the school?
Ans: Due his frequent absence and his hearing problem, the school he was attending till then, kept
him out of the school. They forced Avtar Narain to look for a new school.
12. Why didn’t Satish want to go to a new school?
Ans: Satish didn’t want to go to a new school because he couldn’t talk to the other children, where
everyone would make fun of his deafness.
13. What made Avtar Narain angry?
Ans: Avtar Narain had to look for different schools for his son Satish. But every school didn’t want
him to educate as he was not able to hear. They treated his son as dumb and asked Avtar Narain to
look for other school. So he was angry.
14. Why did Satish’s father make expeditions to school? Was he successful? If not Why?
Ans: Satish was frequently absent from and he had hearing problem. So every school did not want
him to admit. So Avtar Narain had to make expeditions to schools. But he was not successful.
Because every school did the same thing for the same reason.
15. How did Satish’s brother Inder try to help him?
Ans: Satish’s brother Inder sat for hours with him and talked to hear him, teaching him words and
pronunciation. He and his father spent time with him every day, talking to him trying to teach him
things.
16. What did satish see at the far corner of the garden? why did it attract him?
Ans: Satish at the far corner of the garden saw a bird with a long tail and a black crest. Satish was
attracted by its restless energy .Its eyes kept darting, its whole body was ready for flight any
moment.
17. How do you say that Satish’s parents had difference of opinion about making his life?
And: Satish’s father always wanted him to study well and earn knowledge and become successful in
life. But Satish was inclined towards painting .He opposed his son for that. But his mother felt
drawing as a means of entertainment for her son.
18. Which action of Satish changed his father’s attitude?
Ans: Satish was busy mixing the colours on his palette. Though he saw his father standing at the
staring his painting, he continued with his mixing. This action of Satish changed his father’s attitude.
19. What was Satish unable to believe? Why?
Ans: One day Satish’s father sat beside him and put his hand on Satish’s shoulder. Then Satish was
unable to believe his father who was not angry with his painting.
20. How did Satish express his gratitude to his father?
Ans: Satish’s eyes were filled with tears .he hugged his father tightly, his heart was full of love for
his stem father who had atlast accepted that his destiny was in canvas and paint.
21. Name the three fields in which Satish Gujral has made his name?
Ans: Satish came to be popularly known as Satish Gujral. He is the famous artist from India. He is an
accomplished artist with several forms of art like painting, sculpture and architecture. He is also a
writer.
Read each of the following extracts and answer the questions given below.
1. “We will have to look for a new school”, his father said
a. why did Satish’s father have to look for a new school?
 Ans: Due to his frequent absence and hearing problem, the school Satish was attending, informed his
father that they could not keep him. So, Satish’s father had to look for a new school.
b. Satish was unhappy about this. What was the reason?
Ans: Satish did not want to go to a school where he couldn’t talk to other children and where they
would make fun of his deafness.
2. “You can learn a great deal of things just by reading”
a. Why do you think Satish’s father encouraged him to read?
Ans: To get on in life, Satish’s father wanted Satish to read.
b. How did reading influence Satish?
Ans: As Satish began to read, it was as if a whole world opened out to him. He realized that there
were others who had suffered more than him.
3. “This is an idle pass time. You would do better to read and get some knowledge”.
a. What is an idle pass time according to the above statement?
Ans: Drawing is an idle pass time according to the above statement.
b. Why does Satish’s father give more importance to reading?
Ans: Satish’s father thinks that by reading Satish can make something out of his life, To get on in
life, one has to read a lot.
4. “You made do this very badly, don’t you?”
a. What do you think made Satish’s father say this?
Ans: Though his father was against it, Satish continued to draw and paint. His father realized that his
son had a great love and talent for art.
b. What did he do soon after leaving the room?
Ans: He bought paints, brushes of all shapes and sizes and several rolls of drawing sheets for Satish.
5. “You will learn arts and make your life in your chosen field”
a. Why did you think made Satish’s father take this decision?
Ans: Though his father was against it, Satish continued to draw and paint. His father realized that his
son had a great love and talent for art.
b. How did Satish react to his father’s decision?
Ans: Satish’s eyes filled with tears. He hugged his father tightly and his heart filled with love for his
father.
Answer in 6-8 lines:
1. “Satish Gujral became a great artist”, support this statement mentioning a few of his
achievements. OR “Physical disability is no barrier to success to Satish”. Justify.
Ans: Satish met with an accident at the early age of eight so he lost his hearing power. Due to
frequent absence and hearing problem, the school he was attending informed his father that they
could keep Satish. Other school also refused admission. His father and his brother spent much time
with him and provided many books. He developed his interest in painting. In the beginning his father
discouraged him but later he accepted that his son’s destiny lay in canvas and painting. He admitted
his son to the best school of art and made his ‘life in the chosen field. Satish Gujral is among the
foremost artists of India and accomplished in several art forms like painting, sculpture and
architecture.
2. Narrate the circumstances of Satish’s staying at home. OR
Everything seemed like scenes from some pantomime show to Satish? Why?
Ans: One holiday Satish was hiking with his father and brother. They were crossing a rickety bridge
over some rapids. Satish looked down at swirling water below him. His foot slipped. He lost his
balance and fell in the rapids. As a result of this his legs and ear were injured. His legs became weak.
He suffered frequently from bouts of fever and infectious. He could never here properly. The teacher
did not allow him to come to school because he was weak in hearing and frequently absented for the
class. His father tried to get admission to him in some other school but in vain. When he went
outside to play with children they teased him. Therefore he was compelled to stay at home
3. Describe the incident that changed the lonely and despairful life of Satish?
Ans: One day he was looking gloomy in to the far corner of the garden, he saw a bird that was unlike
any he had ever seen before it had a longish tail and black crest. But most interesting thing of a bird
was its restless energy. For a long moment he stared at the bird. When it flew away he jumped down
from his bed and took out his notebook and pencil he sketched the bird from his memory with a few
deft strokes. He liked the picture and set against the stack of books on his bedside table. His father
did not like panting initially but later supported well.
7. THE BLIND BOY (Memorization)
Four alternatives are given. Choose the best alternatives.
1. The tone of the speakers is one of
a. surprise b. curiosity c. sadness d. helpless
2. “I feel him warm, but how he can Or make it day or night”. The ‘him’ here refers to
a. light b. the sun c. the moon d. a bulb
3. “With heavy sighs I often hear you mourn my hapless woe” Who is mourning here?
a. people b. the blind boy c. sun d. poet
4. The word which does not rhyme with ‘woe’ is
a. know b. snow c. cow d. sow
5. “Then let not what I cannot have my cheer of mind destroy”. This implies that the blind boy is
a. happy though he does not have the blessings of sight
b. happy not to have the blessings of sight
c. unhappy because he does not see day and night
d. jealous of people who have everything
6. Whilst thus I sing, I am a king. The figure of speech used here is
a. metaphor b. alliteration c. personification d. irony
7. To the blind boy, the blessings of sight is
a. a curse b. a riddle c. a lesson d. a pain
II. Answer the following questions in a word/sentence or a phrase each:
1. Who is the voice of the poem? Ans: The voice of the poem is of a blind boy
2. “You mourn my hapless woe”, who is sympathizing with whom?
Ans: The people are sympathizing with the blind boy
3. Who do you think is the person addressed as ‘you’ in the poem.
Ans: The person who is addressed as ‘you’ in the poem is the people.
4. What a normal person can easily understand is almost a riddle to the blind boy. What is it?
Ans: How can sun make day and night is the riddle to the blind boy.
5. What is it that the blind boy cannot enjoy?
Ans: The blind boy cannot enjoy the blessings of sight.
6. How do others feel about the blind boy? Ans: Others feel sad about the blind boy.
7. Who makes day and night of the blind boy?
Ans: The blind boy himself makes his day and night.
8. How does the blind boy experience the Sun?
Ans: The blind boy experiences the sun by its warmth
III. Answer the following in 2-3 sentences:
1. “The blessings of the sight” can you list out a few of them?
Ans: Day and night, beautiful colours, and the beauty of nature around us are the blessings of the
sight.
2. How does a blind person understand whether it is day or night?
Ans: Whenever the blind person is awake it is day, when he is asleep it is night for him. Sun does
not make his day or night.
3. How do others feel about the blind boy? What is his reaction?
Ans: People feel sorry for the blind boy and try to show sympathy towards him. The blind boy says
that he does not really understand what he is missing so he does not feel that his life is miserable.
4. How does the blind boy pacify himself?
Ans: People sympathize with the blind boy. But the boy does not want to be unhappy about what he
cannot get. Though he is poor and blind, he feels rich because he is happy.
5. What a normal person can understand is almost a riddle to the blind boy. What is it?
Ans.: We can recognize day and night. The blind boy can feel the warmth of the sun, but doesn’t
know how the sun can make day and night because when he falls asleep it is night and whenever he
is awake it is day for him.
6. What is the message of the poem ‘The Blind Boy’?
Ans.: The message of the poem ‘The Blind Boy’ is we should be happy and contented with what god
has given us. We should not spoil our happiness by trying to get what we can’t.
IV Read each of the following extracts and answers the questions given below:
1. “I feel him warm, but how can be or make it day or night?”
a. Who is the ‘I’ here? Ans.: ‘I’ here refers to the blind boy.
b. Whose warmth does he feel? Why does he wonder how he makes day or night?
Ans: He feels the warmth of the sun. The blind boy cannot see the sun rising or setting. So he
wonders how he can make day or night.
2. “And could I ever keep awake with me ‘there always day”
a. Who is the speaker here? Ans.: The blind boy is the speaker here.
b. What is he trying to convey here?
Ans: The blind boy cannot see the difference between day and night. To him it is day when he plays
and night when he sleeps. So he says that if he did not sleep it would always be day for him
3. “But sure with patience, I can bear” A loss I ne’ver can know”
a. What is the ‘loss’ the speaker cannot know?
Ans: The loss here refers to the blessings of sight.
b. How does he face the loss? What does it show about him?
Ans.: The blind boy does not feel sorry for what he cannot have. He bears his loss patiently and
cheerfully.
4. “Then let not , what I cannot have my cheer of mind destroy”.
a. What made the speakers say these words?
Ans: When people felt sorry for the blind boy and felt that he cannot enjoy many things, then the
blind boy said these words.
b. What was the reply of the speaker?
Ans: The blind boy does not want to be unhappy about things he cannot get. He wishes to remain
cheerful at all times.
V Answer the following in 8-10 sentences
1. “We should feel happy with what he had and never go after what we can’t get”. How has the
poet brought about this message in the poem ‘The Blind Boy’ OR Summary:
Ans: the poem “the blind Boy” is written by Colley Cibber. In this poem, peeps into the feelings of
a boy who cannot see. The blind boy is the speaker in the poem. He wonders what light is like for he
has never seen it. He wishes to know what his blessings of sight are. People around him talk of the
beautiful things they see. They say that the sun shines bright but he can only feel the warmth of the
sun. He cannot understand how the sun brings about night and day. To him, day is when he is awake
and night when he sleeps. So if he remained awake it would continue to be day for him. The blind
boy hears people pitying him but he does not feel sorry for himself. He decides that he will not make
himself unhappy over something he cannot get. He would be happy as a King by being ever cheerful.
8. SCIENCE AND HOPE OF SURVIVAL
Multiple questions:
1. According to Keilis-Borok The following cannot enjoy a higher income_
A. doctors B. businessmen C. lawyer’s D. scientists
2. “A writer is not a writer merely a person who writes: a writer is a person who cannot live without
writing.”-this is a saying by
A. Keilis-Borok b.Rabindranath Tagore C. Leo Tolstoy D. A scientist
3. Science is an exciting adventure where major reward comes from_
A. society B. scientists C. discovery itself D. every one
4. By science a Scientist cannot get
A. camaraderie B. independence C. money D. freedom
5. The scientist Keilis-Borok worked on
A. cold war B. nuclear weapons C. seismic waves D. biotechnology
6. The scientist Keilis-Borok was summoned by
A. the President of Russian Academy of Sciences B. the palace of Nations in Geneva
C. the President of America D. the President of United Kingdom.
7. In 1960, every man and child on the earth lived under the threat of annihilation by
A. cold war B. bombs C. great countries D. nuclear weapon
8. The technical experts were summoned to the Palace of Nations in Geneva to solve the problem of
A. nuclear weapon test ban B. nuclear test C. power politics D .annihilation
9. People trained in theoretical physics are head hunted by_
A. scientific institutions B. financial institutions
C. mathematical institutions D. educational institutions
10. Those who trained in biological research become founders and directors in
A. electronics industry B. Pharmaceutical industry
C. large scale industry D. bio industry
11. According to Keilis-Borok The indispensable guardian and care taker of humanity, is
A. nuclear energy B.bio technology C. science D. industrial growt
12. 1f you are so clever, why are you so poor? -The professional addressed as ‘you’ in the
Statement refers more than others to a _
A. lawyer B. scientist C. doctor D. businessman
13. The writer says, “l found myself in Geneva.” It expresses ,more than anything else, the writer’s
A. pleasure B. surprise C. anxiety D. annoyance
14. “Immersion in science does not go with common sense,” suggests absentmindedness of scientists
a.
15. Which of the following qualities help the scientists to come up with a solution the problem.
A. self-assessment B. self-praise C. popularity D. self-discipline
Answer the following questions:
1. “According to the author why do some people choose to become scientists though they may not
earn much money?
Ans: According to the author, some people choose to be scientists because they cannot live without
science. Their discovery brings the reward. Instead of money, they enjoy freedom, discovering the
mysteries of nature and teamwork.
2. Why did the super powers meet in Geneva?
Ans: The three super powers wanted to come to an agreement - ban on the nuclear weapon test.
They met in Geneva to discuss the problems that could arise as a result.
3. “Technical experts were summoned to solve the problem that arose” What was the problem?
Ans: The nuclear powers wanted to sign an agreement to stop the test of nuclear weapons. There was
a possibility that, one of them could secretly conduct a test. Detecting the violation was the problem.
4. How can you prove that scientists are the most practical people in the world?
Ans: It is through the work of the scientists that we have medicines, electronics, new sources of
energy, modes of transport and the green revolution. This proves that scientists are the most practical
people.
5. What did Borok learn at the Geneva Summit?
Ans: He leant that there were people all over the world, who thought and acted the way he did. So he
never felt lonely abroad. He also realized that while there was science there was hope for the survival
of mankind.
6. According to the authors why do some people choose to become Scientists?
Ans: Some people choose to be scientists because they cannot live without science. Discovery is
their reward. They enjoy teamwork, independence and the joy of uncovering one of the mysteries of
nature.
7. Why did the super powers meet in Geneva?
Ans: The three super powers wanted to come to an agreement, to put a ban on the nuclear weapon
test. They also wanted to discuss the problems that could arise as a result.
8. How could the Kelis Borok help to solve the problem?
Ans: The scientist was doing research on the theory of seismic waves. It turned out that the problem
had a direct connection with the theory of seismic waves.
9. What was the common thread that bound scientists from the opposite sides of the Iron
Curtain?
Ans: The scientists are able to work out a common language, based on respect to hard evidence,
indisputable ranking by expertise only and persistent self-criticism.
10. How does basic science help one’s career?
Ans: The knowledge of basic science give us new sources of energy, mineral deposits, efficient
defense from terrorism, cure from cancer and new forms of transportation.
Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow:
1. It turned out that this problem had a direct connection with the theory of seismic waves.
Underground nuclear explosions produced earth tremors very similar to those generated by
earthquakes.
a. When did this ‘problem’ arise? Ans: This problem arose during the Geneva Summit.
b. What is the ‘problem’ referred here?
Ans: The ‘problem’ referred here is how the powers could detect the violation of agreement.
2. The three nuclear powers were willing to come to an agreement.
a. Who were the three nuclear powers?
Ans: Soviet Union, United States and United Kingdom
b. What was the agreement?
Ans: The three nuclear powers were willing to come to an agreement putting a ban on the nuclear
weapon test.
3. At that time every man, and child on the Earth lived under the threat of annihilation?
a. What caused this thread? Ans.: Nuclear weapons
b. Why did everyone live under the threat?
Ans: Because each super power nation seemed stronger than the other as far as nuclear weapons
were concerned.
4. “My theoretical knowledge had a direct application in the area of survival of humankind”
a. In which field did the author, Borok, have theoretical knowledge?
Ans: The author was doing research on seismic waves and had theoretical knowledge in this field.
b. How would it have a direct application in the area of survival of humankind?
Ans: Underground nuclear explosions produced earth tremors like those generated by earthquakes.
With his knowledge, the author would know the difference between the two. This would help in
checking the violation of the Nuclear Test Ban agreement.
8. OFF TO OUTER SPACE TOMORROW MORNING
Multiple questions:
1. With what feelings is the speaker flying out of earth?
a. despair b. Lack of Confidence c. fear of failure d. doubt about his return
2. The expression “winter under lock” means, that in space
a. there is no change of seasons b. seasons change frequently
c. capsules are locked in winter d. there is no hear
3. You can start the countdown; you can take last look; suggests............
a. the end of the launching of the rocket b. the re-entering of the rocket to the earth
 c. the beginning of the launching of the rocket d. failure of the launching of the rocket
4. You can cross out my name from the telephone book – the poet says this because ..........
a. he will not be coming back from space b. he is a failure in space
c. he is lost in space d. he cannot have any contact with others
Answer in two or three sentence each:
1. As the astronaut is flying out of the earth he has doubts about his return. How does he convey
this?
Ans: He says that people of the earth could start the count down and take a last look at him. They
could cross out his name from their telephone book. This shows there their doubt about returning.
2. The poet says “calendar and clocks” are useless in space. give reason.
Ans: In space, there would be no day and night and there would be no seasons. So there would be no
need for any calendar or clock.
3. The speaker has the feeling that he is imprisoned. Why did poet feel like this?
Ans: The poet would be alone in his capsule. Nobody would visit him or talk with him. He would not
write or receive any letter. So he was in like solitary confinement.
4. The speaker says, ‘Tea cups circling around me like planet around the sun’. Why does it
happen only in space and not on the earth?
Ans: On the earth there is a force of gravity, so things don’t fly. In space there is no force of gravity,
so things are circling around.
5. How would people on the earth watch astronaut? Would it affect him in any way?
Ans: People on the earth watch the astronaut on television or track him through their telescope. But
the astronaut would not care any of this .he would be in his own world in space.
6. Give some instances of daily routine mentioned in the poem?
Ans: Daily routine mentioned in the poem are writing mail, posting mail, people visiting others,
milkman knocking door in the morning. In the space the speaker cant do all in the space as he is
alone in space.
7. “The poet is off to outer space tomorrow morning.” What does he ask the readers to do?
Ans: The poet asks readers to look at space shuttle last time and cross out his name form the
telephone dairy. As he is undoubted about his return.
Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow:
1. “There won’t be any calendar; there won’t be any clock;
a. Where is the speaker experiencing this? Ans: Space
b. Why will there be no calendars or clocks?
Ans: There is no concept of time while flying through space. So there are no calendars or clocks.
2. “With tea cups circling round me like the planets round the sun”
a. Where would the speaker experience this? Ans.: In space
b. Why does the speaker have the above feeling?
Ans: There is no gravitational force in space. So everything floats.
3. I’m off to outer space tomorrow morning?
a. Who is off to outer space? Ans: The speaker/the poet
b. Why is this above line repeated several times in this poem?
Ans: The poet would be alone in a world of his own. To emphasis his loneliness this above line is
repeated.
Summary:
This poem is written by Norman Nicholson. In this poem the poet described the
situation and emotions that one who feel before his adventures i.e. space travelling. Everything was
ready for space voyage. If we had last look at him, after the countdown, he request his friends to
strike his name from telephone book. There won’t be any difference of day and night in space. So
Calendars and clocks are useless there. There will not be any change of seasons. The poet would
sleep when he feel sleepy. The poet won’t be writing any letter. There is non to visit in space. It will
be like an imprisonment for him. In space there is no gravitational pull. Tea cups will circle round
him like planets around the sun. The people on earth can watch him through telescope or cameras.
 But he doesn’t have time to think about us. When the rockets move across galaxies by the power of
propeller, everyone on earth would be any angry as they didn’t get a chance.
SUPLEMENTARY READING
1. NARAYANPUR INCIDENT
1. Why were the students marching in the street? Why was it termed uncommon?
Ans: The students were marching to give a notice to the collector, for the British to quit India. It was
uncommon because they walked silently without shouting slogans or behaving in a violent manner.
Even though there were policemen, they marched as if the policemen didn’t exist.
2. Can you guess what the police officer had been talking to the student leaders?
Ans: The students met the D.S.P. and one of them handed him a piece of paper. The Police Officer
didn’t even glance at it. This shows that he might have advised them to go back. He might have told
them to stop their agitation.
3. Babu and Manju were a bit disappointed with the way students were marching. What was the
reason?
Ans: The students marched back to their homes silently and Manju and Babu thought that the
students were scared of the police. According to them, the students should have protested. Hence,
they were disappointed.
4. What had the police expected about the way of protest? How did the student leaders manage
the protest?
Ans: The police expected the students to stout slogans and cause violence. This would make the
police to arrest them, beat them up and imprison them. But the students leaders did not want to be
arrested then, as they had a lot more to do. Therefore, they marched back silently.
5. What was there in the ‘mysterious parcel’? What suspicion did the police have about that?
Ans: The ‘mysterious parcel’ contained a ‘cyclostyle machine’. The police suspected that Mohan and
his family were making copies of Mahatma’s speech. They also suspected that some people were
hiding these.
6. Why had Patil, the sub - inspector come to Mohan’s house? Who believed him? What was the
result?
Ans: Patil the sub-inspector came to Mohan’s house to give a warning about the raid of his wife. As
he was a close friend of Mohan’s father, he asked Mohan to give him the cyclostyle machine and all
proof pertaining to the agitation against the British. Mohan’s mother believed him and allowed him
to take away all these things.
7. How do you know that Mohan’s mother was supportive of their struggle?
Ans: When Suman and their friend brought the cyclostyle machine, she asked them to keep it in the
Puja room. When the sub Inspector came in initially, she acted as if everything was normal and
nothing revolutionary took place at their home.
8. What do you think is the writer of the incident trying to impress upon the readers?
Ans: People wanted to fight against the British and get freedom. Some Indians were working for the
British but they were waiting for them to quit India. These people helped the freedom fighters
secretly. The sub-Inspector Patil also indirectly helped Mohan’s family
2. ON TOP OF THE WORLD
1. What were the hardships faced by Dicky Dolma before she was ready for mountaineering?
What was its impact on her?
Ans: Dicky Dolma lost her mother when she was just 11. She also lost her brother. These
experiences had a profound impact on her life.
2. What was Dicky Dolma fascinated by since her childhood? Why?
Ans: Dicky Dolma fascinated by the grandeur of the snow-clad peaks of the Himalayas since her
childhood. Her native place Palchan was surrounded by mountain peaks. And she was also interested
in skiing.
3. How did Dicky Dolma prepare herself for her venture?
Ans: Dicky Dolma prepared herself for the venture of scaling The Mt. Everest by joining the
newlyopened mountaineering institute in Manali. She took up the basic training at the institute and
worked with dedication and determination. She got ‘A’ grades and was selected by the All India
expedition to Mount Everest.
4. What was the dream of Dicky Dolma? When did her dream come true? What was her
achievement?
Ans: The dream of Dicky Dolma was to scale the snow-covered Himalayas. Her dream came true
when her name was cleared by An all-India expedition to Mount Everest. She climbed the Mt.
Everest on 10h May, 1993 and became the youngest woman in the world to have the achievement of
scaling the world’s highest peak.
5. How did Dicky Dolma feel when she climbed the Mt. Everest?
Ans: Dicky Dolma could not describe the sight of Mt. Everest. She had never ‘imagined the beauty
of Mt. Everest. She felt that all the state awards and national awards are nothing when compared to
the experiences of seeing the sight of Mt. Everest.
6. What makes you think that Dicky Dolma’s life as a girl was sorrowful?
Ans: Dicky Dolma lost her mother when she was 11; she lost her elder brother too.
7. What factors encouraged Dolma to take up basic mountaineering course?
Ans.: Dolma came to know that a mountaineering institute was set up at Manali and it would give
training to those who were interested in climbing mountains. Her friends and her family members
also encouraged her to join this course. the Himalayas. Her home, in Palchan was surrounded by
beautiful mountain
8. Dolma says, “It is not a difficult decision for me to take up the challenge of the lofty
mountains” Why does she say so?
Ans: From her childhood, Dolma had been fascinated by the grandeur of the snow clad peaks of the
Himalayas. Her home, in Palchan was surrounded by beautiful mountain peaks.
9. How has Dolma described her preparedness for the task of scaling Mount Everest?
Ans: Dolma got training in the mountaineering institute at Manali. Her determination and hard work
helped her to secure ‘A’ grades. She believed that success always follow dedication, determination
and hard work. She used to practice lour hours every day before the task of scaling Mount Everest
10. What was the biggest headache that Dolma had to face besides her physical and mental
problem?
Ans: Dolma’s father was bedridden. She was not financially sound and she needed a lot of money for
her father’s treatment, so the family had very little to offer her.
11. What does Dolma say about mountaineering after she returns from Mount Everest?
Ans: “Mountaineering” is a tough sport. This thought never comes to me. It is my zeal for the work.
Seeing peaks is a second nature to me. I have never been scared when it comes to hard work”, says
Dolma.
12. What does Dolma say about the view from the top of Mount Everest?
Ans: Dolma said that an Everest can feel and understand but cannot be described in words. It was
much breath taking that she could ever be imagined. The awards that she had bestowed stand very
low before the view from the above.
13. What can we learn from Dolma’s life?
Ans: whenever hurdles come, we must face them boldly. Dolma’s determination and hard work,
Zeal for the work” is emulating.
14. How could Dicky Dolma achieve the great feat even with her hardships?
Ans: Dicky Dolma never felt mountaineering a tough sport. She had zeal for work. She was
determined and sincere in bearing the responsibilities. She knew that success follows the hard work
and dedication from her earlier hardships of life.
15. How did Dicky Dolma came over her problems?
Ans: When she was getting ready for Mountaineering of Mt. Everest, her father was bedridden and a
lot of money was needed for his treatment. So the family had very little to offer her. But her
determination never allowed her to leave the sport.
16. Mention the hobbies of Dicky Dolma.
Ans: Besides mountaineering Dicky Dolma love to listen to music, especially old Hindi film songs.
She is teaching mountaineering at the Mountaineering Institute at Man.
3. A GREAT MARTYR EVER CHERISHED
1. The writer speaks of the ‘smile’ that welcomes anyone who enters Hanifs house. What more do
we know about this ‘smile’?
Ans: The smile of Hanifuddin just from the photograph frame welcomes anyone who enters Hanif’s
house. This smile gives the memory of a twenty-five year old martyr lieutenant Hanifuddin.
2. What did Hanif choose as his mission? Why did he do so?
Ans: Hanifuddin chose to join the army. Because he knew that life was short for him and to serve
India In army was his mission.
3. Life for Hanif in the beginning was never a smooth sail. Why was it so?
Ans: Because Hanif lost his father when he was just eight. His mother Hema Aziz was left to take
care of three young boys. But she had to leave the children alone and travel with the performance
team of the Information and Broadcasting Ministry
4. The absence of mother from home taught the children something. What was that?
Ans: The absence of mother from home taught the children something that made the children to
become very responsible, getting up and getting ready for school without having to tell them. It gave
the children a message that one’s duty is the most important thing in life.
5. How does the writer describe the ‘introvert’ Hanif?
Ans: An ‘introvert’ Hanif began to make friends only by the time he was 14 years of age. He would
often go out of his way to help people because that gave him a certain kind of joy.
6. Hanif was a young man with varied talents and interest.Illustrate this statement from textual
examples.
Ans: Hanif was dabbled in art, sketched very well, made beautiful cards out of waste material, read a
great deal and loved playing the drums. That is why the officers at Raj Rifs made him get all his
instruments from Delhi and form the music group ‘Hanif 7’
7. What did Hanif chose as his mission? Why did he do so?
Ans: Hanif knew that life for him was short; he wanted to serve the nation. Therefore he joined
Indian Army as a soldier. He believed that a person working for the nation could change lives.
8. Life for Hanif in the beginning was never a smooth sail. Why was it so?
Ans: Hanif lost his father when he was just eight years old. His mother a vocal artiste, was out very
often with the performance wing. Therefore he became very responsible at a tender age.
9. The absence of mother from home taught the children something. What was that?
Ans: Hanif s mother a vocal artiste, would often had to leave the children alone: as she travelled with
the performance wing. The kids became very responsible getting up and getting ready for school
without her having told them and leant that one’s duty is the most important thing in life.
10. Sha.re your thoughts and impression of Hanif with your classmates.
Ans: Hanif even though he lived only for 25 years, continues to live forever in our hearts. In his short
life span he became a hero by sacrificing himself in the Kargil war. Because of the hardships from a
tender age, he learnt that one’s duty is the most important thing in life. He often went out of his way
to help people and this gave him happiness. He was a young man
of varied talents and interest. Life for Hanif was always ‘ekdam bindas’
11. How does the writer describe the ‘introvert’ Hanif?
Ans: Hanif began to make fri6nds at his fourteenth year of age. He often went out of his way to help
people. By doing so, he derived joy.
12. Hanif wai a young man with varied talents and interest. Illustrate this statement drawing
support from the text.
Ans: Haniff dabbled in art, sketched very well. He made beautiful cards out of waste material. He
read books and loved playing drums.
13. What were the dreams of Hanif? Do you think they were fulfilled?
Ans: Haniff had dreamt that he would rise up the ranks. This dream could not be fulfilled because he
was killed in the Kargil war. His another dream was that a post be named after him. Those
dreamscame true when the sub-sector was named after him.
4. THE BIRD OF HAPPINESS
Answer the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences each.
1. What did the people in the poor area in Tibet suffer from OR How can you say that the people
in the poor area of Tibet were unhappy?
Ans: The poor area had no rivers or good land, no warmth or fresh flowers, no trees or green grass.
The people suffered from hunger and cold all year round. so they were unhappy.
2. What did the old folk of Tibet say about happiness?
Ans: The old folk used to say that happiness was a beautiful bird. It lived far away, on a snowy
mountain in the east. Wherever the bird flew, happiness went with it.
3. “Will never make it?” Why did Wangjia feel so?
Ans: In anger, the first monster blew through his beard and the smooth road became vast scree.
Every stone on it was as sharp as a knife. As Wangjia walked on it his boots got torn. His feet got
cut. His hands were torn to pieces. The journey was very tough. So, he thought if he would ever
make it.
4. How was Wangjia made to suffer by the second monster?
Ans: The second monster blew through his beard. His bread bag flew into the sky. The blue
mountains and green rivers turned into a desert. Wangjia suffered with no food. At first his stomach
rumbled with hunger, his head swam and got sharp pain in his guts.
5. What changes came over Wangjia as the Bind of Happiness caressed him?
Ans: As the bind of Happiness caressed Wangjia, his eyeballs flew back to their sockets, he saw
much more brightly than before. All his wounds were healed and he was stronger than ever.
6. Why did Wangjia decide not to go back?
Ans: Though the journey was very tough, Wangjia decided not to go back. He knew that the people
at home were waiting for him to bring back happiness.
7. What did the third monster warn Wangjia?
Ans: The third monster warned wangia that if he wanted to see the bind of Happiness. He would
bring Bhimas eyeball lf he failed, the monster, would gouge out wangjia’s eye balls.
8. “Will never make it?”Why did Wangjia feel so?
Ans: When Wangjia started his journey after the first monster made him walk through the vast
scree for nine hundred miles. his hands and feet were torn into pieces. Then he felt that he could not
continue his journey.
9. What do you understand by happiness after reading the story ‘The Bird of Happiness’? Ans:
One can be happy if there are rivers, forests, flowers, fields, warmth and trees. That is the real
happiness lies in the happiness of all. so everyone should work for the happiness of all to be
him/herself to be happy
10. What do you like the most in the story “The Bird of Happiness”? Support your answer giving
reasons.
Ans: I like the moral of the story and Wangjia’s unselfish nature. One can be happy if there are
rivers, forests, flowers, fields, warmth and trees. That is the real happiness lies in the happiness of
all. So everyone should work for the happiness of all to be him/herself to be happy.
 Second Language

ENGLISH
grammar
Based on S.S.L.C (K.S.E.E.B) Board

C.C.E Pattern

A complete Package for 100 %

Part – ‘B’
Vocabulary, Reading, Writing, Editing, Grammar (Language use), Reference
Skill and Other Grammar Part

K.L.P’s

ZEST
A well wisher’s choice…..

Publication : Bharat Internet

 INDEX

SI. No. CONTENTS

I. VOCABULARY
1. Collocation
2. Antonyms(Opposites)
3. Synonyms
4. Syllables
5. Homophones
6. Give One Word
7. Modal Verb
II. READING
8. Unfamiliar Passage
9. Conversation
10. Degrees of Comparatives
11. Jumbled words
III. WRITING
12. Letter Writing
13. Profile Writing
14. Expand Outline
15. Jumbled letters
IV. Editing
16. Editing Paragraph
V. GRAMMAR(Language Use)
17. Voice
18. Language function
19. Finite and Non finite Verbs
20. Reported Speech
21. Question Tag
22. Articles
23. Preposition
24. Linking Words(Conjunction)
25. The Right Form OF Verbs
26. Framing ‘Wh’ Questions
VI. REFERENCE SKILL
27. Dictionary Order
28. S.M.S Language
29. Reference
VII. OTHER GRAMMAR PART
30. Figures of Speech
31. If Clause
I.VOCABULARY
1. Collocation: When two or more words join to form a new word that has its own meaning,
it called Collocation.
Combination of collocations:
1. Noun + Noun Ex: Egg rice, Lemon rice.
2. Noun + Verb Ex: Make efforts, take responsibility.
3. Noun + adjective Ex: Live music, strong coffee.
4. Compound words Ex: News papers, high school.
List of Collocation:
1. Arm chair 37. Do homework 73. Light house 109. Super market
2. Air plane 38. Earth quack 74. Lay emphasis 110. Super star
3. After noon 39. Eye balls 75. Long run 111. Super power
4. Anyone 40. Eye sight 76. Make business 112. Super man
5. Back word 41. Freedom fighter 77. Money order 113. Sincere officer
6. Back bone 42. Fast train 78. Moon light 114. Sweet moment
7. Black bird 43. Foot ball 79. Mouth watering 115. Steel railing
8. Blood bank 44. Friendship 80. Meet requirements116. Small boy
9. Beautiful girl 45. Face challenges 81. Make arrangements117. Speed recovery
10. Bed room 46. Fast food 82. Make money 118. Text book
11. Butterflies 47. Front Bencher 83. Make gesture 119. Tooth paste
12. Boiled egg 48. Firework 84. Modern science 120. Table salt
13. Book mark 49. Generate power 85. Noble thoughts 121. Take chance
14. Book worm 50. Grandmother 86. Noble leaders 122. Time table
15. Broad hearted 51. Get married 87. Nuclear bomb 123. Take action
16. Board bus 52. Get ready 88. Pay attention 124. Take notes
17. Bright boy 53. Get lost 89. Pop com 125. Take care
18. Break record 54. Hand kerchief 90. Police constable 126. Under ground
19. Breakfast 55. Heavy drinker 91. Post box 127. Up date
20. Brisk walk 56. Hard worker 92. Pondered future 128. Unexpected turn
21. Bypass 57. House hold 93. Photo studio 129. White wash
22. Catch fire 58. Home maid 94. Quick temper 130. Wary faces
23. Curly hair 59. Handsome boy 95. Quick cure 131. Water fall
24. Commit suicide 60. Honey moon 96. Rosy lips 132. White teeth
25. Commit crime 61. Keep quite 97. Raise doubts 133. Wall clock
26. Commit mistake 62. Key board 98. Raise money 134. Wheel chair
27. Catch cold 63. Key answer 99. Renovated house 135. Young man.
28. Chain smoker 64. Keep silence 100. Railway station
29. Combat violence 65. Ladies compartment101. Rainbow
30. Dimple cheek 66. Leave letter 102. Ragged gloves
31. Developed nation 67. Long chat 103. Save time
32. Dutiful husband 68. Long chart 104. Shake hands
33. Dead line 69. Loud voice 105. Sun flower
34. Draw money 70. Life time 106. Self discipline
35. Draw laughter 71. Life line 107. Something
36. Draw parallel 72. Lifelong 108. Save electricity
***Previous Year Asked Questions***
1. Which word in the brackets does not collocate with the word “Commit”?
(suicide, crime, success, mistake) April-2015
2. Combine the word in Column-A with its Collocative word in Column-B
Column-A Column-B
1. Wavy [girl, hair, lady, story] June-2015
2. Lay [attention, emphasis, notice, order] April-2016
 3. Land [quake, house, lord, rain] June-2016
4. Rapid [growth, progress, movement, speed] April-2017
5. Earth [water, quake, land, soil] MQP -2015
6. Bullock [carriage, cart, wheels, track]
7. Table [bag, salt, man, paper]
8. Sugar [bread, cane, bag, fruit]
9. Independent [Indian ,mission, power, organ]
10. Running [bag, water, door, pencil]
11. Small [water, needle, apartment, hair]
12. Self [idol, reproach, cry, truth]
13. Rickety [pavement, gloves, bridge, bird]
14. Nuclear [earth, weapon, violence, attack]
15. Speedy [payment, attack, progress, recovery]
16. Make [violence, weapon, decision, ideas]
17. Fish [watering ,sea-level, dress, out of water]
18. Cold [tea, war, chance, time]
19. Conduct [plan, survey, paper, thoughts]
20. Prescribed [talk, look, medicine, photo]
21. Job [repair, work, hunt, finish]
22. Convey [deed, money, message, effort]
23. Twinkling [earth, moon, sun, star]
24. Twinkling [ears, hands, mouth, eyes]
25. Achieve [money, success, house, trees]
2. ANTONYMS (OPPOSITES):
1. Achievement X Failure 14. Begin X End 27. Careful X Careless
2. Affluent X Poor 15. Broad X Narrow 28. Celebrate X Mourn
3. Always X Never 16. Brave X Timid 29. Clever X Fool
4. Accept X Reject/Refuse 17. Bold X Timid 30. Certain X Uncertain
5. Attack X Defend 18. Below X Above 31. Come X Go
6. Arrive X Depart 19. Buy X Sell 32. Coward X Brave
7. Arrival X Departure 20. Big X Small 33. Cut X Join
8. Active X Passive 21. Best X Worst 34. Cowardice X Bravery
9. Alive X Dead 22. Beautiful X Ugly 35. Cruelty X Kindness
10. Aristocratic X Poor 23. Brave X Coward 36. Dream X Realize
11. Acknowledge X Reject 24. Bud X Flower 37. Difficult X Easy
12. Ancient X Modern 25. Cool X Hot 38. Dirty X Clean
13. Appeal X Command 26. Clever X Foolish 39. Demolish X Construct
40. Defeat X Victory (Win) 86. Master X Student 132. Silent X Aggressive
41. Dry X Wet 87. Notice X Ignore 133. Stop X Allow
42. Encourage X Discourage 88. Native X Foreign 134. Save X Spend
43. Ever X Never 89. Never X Always 135. Suffer X Enjoy
44. Full X Empty 90. New X Old 136. Strong X Weak
45. Famous X Notorious 91. Now X Then 137. True X False
46. First X Last 92. Near X Far 138. Triumph X Defeat
47. Former X Later 93. Notorious X Famous 139. Tell X Ask
48. Friend X Enemy 94. Outer X Inner 140. Together X Singly
49. Frown X Smile 95. Oblige X Refuse 141. Tough X Smooth
50. Great X Silly 96. Order X Request 142. Useful X Useless
51. Grieving X Enjoying 97. Open X Close 143. Vanish X Appear
52. Give X Take 98. Patriot X Traitor 144. Wise X Foolish
53. Generous X Miser 99. Presence X Absence 145. Weak X Strong
54. Good X Bad 100. Permanent X Temporary 146. Won X Lost
55. Glad X Grieve 101. Profit X Loss 147. Widow X Widower
56. Glad X Sad 102. Proud X Humble 148. Wrong X Right
57. Happy X Unhappy 103. Present X Absent 149. Whisper X Shout
58. High X Low 104. Prolific X Barren 150. Wide X Straight
59. Help X Hinder 105. Powerful X Powerless PREFIXES:
60. Heavy X Light 106. Poverty X Richness Im:
61. Hard X Soft 107. Quick X Slow 1. Balance X Imbalance
62. Initially X Finally 108. Quit X Join 2. Material X Immaterial
63. Ignorant X Intelligent 109. Question X Answer 3. Mature X Immature
64. Intelligent X Dull 110. Reward X Insult 4. Measure X Immeasurable
65. Increase X Decrease 111. Reward X Punishment 5. Memorial X Immemorial
66. Interesting X Boring 112. Right X Wrong 6. Mobile X Immobile
67. Kind X Cruel / Unkind. 113. Rich X Poor 7. Mobilize X Immobilize
68. Kill X Save 114. Remember X Forget 8. Mortal X Immortal
69. Lose X Gain 115. Right X Left 9. Modest X Immodest
70. Life X Death 116. Reprimand X Praise 10. Moral X Immoral
71. Laugh X Weep 117. Request X Order 11. Movable X Immovable
72. Long X Short 118. Strength X Weakness 12. Mutable X Immutable
73. Lenient X Strict 119. Serious X Casual 13. Partial X Impartial
74. Lady X Gentleman 120. Safe X Unsafe/Dangerous 14. Patient X Impatient
75. Less X More 121. Soft X Hard 15. Perfect X Imperfect
76. Leader X Follower 122. Same X Different 16. Perfection X Imperfection
77. Large X Small 123. Slow X Fast 17. PermanentXImpermanent
78. Light X Dark 124. Superior X Inferior 18. Personal X Impersonal
79. Late X Early 125. Success X Failure 19. Possible X Impossible
80. Mean X Great 126. Sweet X Bitter 20. Polite X Impolite
81. Mighty X Weak 127. Strong X Weak (Feeble) 21. Probable X Improbable
82. More X Less 128. Superiority X Inferiority 22. Precise X Imprecise
83. Mighty X Feeble 129. Stronger X Weaker 23. Proper X Improper
84. Miser X Generous 130. Special X Ordinary 24. Pure X Impure
85. Master X Servant 131. Silly X Great 25. Portable X Importable
In: Un:
1. Ability X Inability 1. Known X Unknown 11. Continue X Discontinue
2. Accurate X Inaccurate 2. Certain X Uncertain 12. Harmony X Disharmony
3. Active X Inactive 3. Clean X Unclean 13. Honest X Dishonest
4. Adequate X Inadequate 4. Comfortable X Uncomfortable14. Honor X Dishonor
5. Animate X Inanimate 5. Common X Uncommon 15. Interest X Disinterest
6. Applicable X Inapplicable 6. Employment X Unemployment 16. Like X Dislike
7. Appropriate X Inappropriate 7. Expected X Unexpected 17. Loyal X Disloyal
8. Capable X Incapable 8. Even X Uneven 18. Obedient X Disobedient
9. Comparable X Incomparable 9. Fit X Unfit 19. Obey X Disobey
10. Consistent X Inconsistent 10. Faithful X Unfaithful 20. Place X Displace
11. Convenience X Inconvenience 11. Fortunate X Unfortunate 21. Integrate X Disintegrate
12. Correct X Incorrect 12. Grateful X Ungrateful 22. Please X Displease
13. Complete X Incomplete 13. Happy X Unhappy 23. Respect X Disrespect
14. Decent X Indecent 14. Healthy X Unhealthy 24.Similar X Dissimilar
15. Discipline X Indiscipline 15. Heard X Unheard 25. Satisfy X Dissatisfy
16. Definite X Indefinite 16. Important X Unimportant Mis:
17. Direct X Indirect 17. Load X Unload 1. Behave X Misbehave
18. Divisible X Indivisible 18. Lucky X Unlucky 2. Calculate X Miscalculate
19. Dependent X Independent 19. Pleasant X Unpleasant 3. Chance X Mischance
20. Effective X Ineffective 20. Popular X Unpopular 4. Conduct X Misconduct
21. Equal X In equal 21. Reliable X Unreliable 5. Handle X Mishandle
22. Expensive X Inexpensive 22. Satisfactory X Unsatisfactory 6. Judge X Misjudge
23. Experience X In experience 23. Successful X Unsuccessful 7. Guide X Misguide
24. Human X Inhuman 24. Selfish X Unselfish 8. Lead X Mislead
25. Glorious X Inglorious 25. Touchable X Untouchable 9. Place X Misplace
26. Gratitude X Ingratitude 26. Tidy X Untidy 10. Print X Misprint
27. Justice X Injustice 27. Usual X Unusual 11. Manage X Mismanage
28. Sufficient X Insufficient 28. Worthy X Unworthy 12. Spell X Misspell
29. Secure X Insecure 29. Well X unwell 13. Spelt X Misspelt
30. Significant X Insignificant 30. Natural X Unnatural 14.Sincere X Insincere
31. Necessary X Unnecessary 15.Understand X Misunderstand
32. Separable X Inseparable Dis: 16. Use X Misuse
33. Soluble X Insoluble 1. Advantage X Disadvantage17. Trust X Mistrust
34. Valid X Invalid 2. Agree X Disagree IL
35. Visible X Invisible 3. Allow X Disallow 1. Health X ill health
Ir: 4. Appear X Disappear 2. Favour X il favour
1. Rational X Irrational 5. Approve X Disapprove 3. Legal X illegal
2. Regular X Irregular 6. Believe X Disbelieve 4. Legible X illegible
3. Repairable X Irreparable 7. Comfort X Discomfort 5. Liberal X illiberal
4. Relevant X Irrelevant 8. Connect X Disconnect 6. Literate X illiterate
5. Resolute X Irresolute 9. Count X Discount 7. Logical X illogical
6. Responsible X Irresponsible Non:
7. Reversible X Irreversible 1. Sense X Nonsense 2. Stick X Non stick
8. Religious X Irreligious 3. Stop X Nonstop 4. Flammable X Non flammable
5. Vegetarian X Non vegetarian
6. Controversial X Noncontroversial

3. Synonyms: (Words which give similar / nearer meaning)

1. Sternly - seriously, strictly, gravely 41. Savior - god, lord
2. Apparition - ghost, devil, demon 42. Chore - task, work
3. Mortal - temporary, ordinary 43. Panic - dread, fright
4. Burglar - highwayman, thief, house – breaker 44. Personnel – staff
5. Notorious - infamous, evil – minded 45. Deed – agreement
6. Undaunted - courageous, daring, bold 46. Own - possess, have, occupy
7. Genius - talented, brilliant 47. Peer - look, gaze, inspect
8. Puny - small, tiny, miniature 48. Implore - request, appeal
9. Strained - forced constrained, tense 49. Rage - anger, furious, fret
10. Majesty - royal power, greatness, nobility 50. Big - mammoth, large, huge
11. Attitude - view point, mood, opinion, leaning
12. Attribute - quality, character, trait
13. Negotiation - bargain, official discussion, transaction
14. Ragged - torn, tattered, patched, worn out
15. Abode - home, residence, dwelling, house
16. Ordeal - sufferings, calamity, distress
17. Reckless - unmindful, foolish, thoughtless, wild
18. Jubilant - happy, mirthful, joyful merry glad,
19. Splendid - excellent, beautiful, magnificent, wonderful, unique
20. Bother - disturb, trouble, perplex, provoke
21. Solitude - alone, loneliness, seclusion, isolation
22. Trifle - little, petty, trivial, small, insignificant
23. Melancholy - sad, grief, pensive
24. Vision - forethought, sight, eyesight, view
25. Startle - surprise, wonder, astonish, amazed, shock, stun
26. Ominous - bad, gloomy, threatening, ill-fated
27. Abundant - bright, glittering, shining, twinkling, gleaming
28. Loyal - obedient, faithful, trustworthy, sincere
29. Barley - scarcely, hardly, inadequately, meagerly
30. Fringe - border, edge, verge, margin
31. Stout - brave, determined
32. Accomplish - achieve, fulfill
33. Mourn - regret, show. sorrow, grieve, languish,
34. Hapless - unlucky, ill-luck, ill-fated
35. Annihilation- destruction, ruin
36. Fundamental- basic
37. Obvious – clear
38. Scared - frightened, feared
39. Crest fallen - dejected, disappointed
40. Immense - great, tremendous, enormous
4. Syllable: Syllable is the sound of a vowel (A, E, I, O, U) that is created when pronouncing
the letters A, E, I, O, U or Y. The number of times you hear the sound of vowel is the number
of syllables.
Method to count syllables:
1. The listen method:
A. Say the word.
B. How many times do you hear A, E, I, O, U as a separate sound?
C. This is the number of syllables.
2. The chin method:
A. Put your hand under your chin.
B. Say the word.
C. How many times your Chin touch your hand?
D. This is the number of syllables.
Examples
1. One syllable words: eye, eat, tea, zoo, go, shoe, key, moon, greed, friend, grand, car, school,
whole.
2. Two syllable words: canteen, daughter, college, father, honest, empty, remain, prepare
people, section, English, ago, idea, tailor, anger, vanish, talent
3. Three syllable words: accident, beautiful, affection, relation, selection, familiar, direction,
adventure, continent, primary, determine.
4. Four syllable words: conversation, legislature, ceremony, agriculture, relaxation.
***Previous year asked questions:
1. Which one of the following word has one syllable? April 20016
(enemy, supreme, school, beauty.) Ans: school.
2. Which word has two syllables? ( bar, car, love, kilo) Ans: kilo. April 2015
3. Which one of the following word has one syllable? June 20016
(hunger, burglar, school, concert.) Ans: school.
4. Which one of the following word has one syllable? April 20017
(remain, behind, lawn, arrange.) Ans: lawn.
5. Which one of the following word has two syllables? MQP
(who, free, fight, table.) Ans: table
5. HOMOPHONES: Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings
an spellings.
Examples:
1. To = I go to Mysore. Two = I have two eyes
2. Bear = Bear is an animal. Beer = Don’t drink beer.
3. Blue = The sky is blue. Blew = Krishna blew his flute.
4. Knew = I knew English. New = This is a new car.
5. Pray = Every day we pray to god Prey = Lion is waiting for its prey
*Fill in the blanks with appropriate word.
a. We had…………..many apples to carry.(to/too/two)
b. I ……………a horse at the Marina beach .(road/rode)
c. Did you have a…………for lunch?(pare/pair)
d. The books are over……………on the shelf.(their/there)
*Fill in the blanks with a suitable homophone and a complete the story.
This is a………. (storey/story) told by a………. (night/knight).Once he
received letter. When he………. (red/read) it………. ( through /threw),he could not believe
his own eyes. ………. (For/Far), it was written ………. (buy/by) none other than the queen
of the land. She asked him to meet her……….. (at/yet) a secret place. The knight was in a
fix. But he thought ……….. (of/off) a plan to tide over this problem. He……….. (vent/went)
to the meeting place not alone but along with his………. (fair/fare) wife. Can you guess what
happened then?
***Previous year asked question***
❖ Fill in the blanks with the suitable word given in brockets
1. Mr Lokesh is the ………………of our college. (principal/principle) April-2016
2. Ravi thought……….a plan to solve his problem(of/off)
3. Some students are ………at English(weak/week)
4. The …………president of India visited Karnataka. (farmer/former)
5. Shruti gave birth to a…………child (male/mail).
6. Give one word:
1. One who enters the house to steal.(burglar)
2. To speak in a very kind way. (polite)
3. To talk in a low voice. (whisper)
4. To make movements with hands. (gesture)
5. Lower the body close to the ground. (crouch)
6. One who travels to workplace daily.(commuter)
7. The man that a woman is engaged to. (fiancé)
8. A person who loves his country. (Patriot)
9. A piece of land which fruit trees are grown.(orchard)
10. A person who makes figures in stone, wood, metal etc. (sculptor)
11. A person who is especially good at some art or achievement.(wizard)
12. To speak in very unkind way.(sneer)
13. An angry look/expression of anger.(scowl)
14. Feeling in a way that things will not improve.(gloomily)
15. Say something not clearly enough.(mumble)
16. Feeling helplessly.(tumbling)
17. A deep breath taken when surprised.(gasp)
18. A decorated rod carried by a king or queen as a symbol of power.(scepter)
19. A small narrow stream or river.(creek)
20. Look at the thing fixedly for long time.(stare)
21. Suffocation makes one breathless.(choke)
22. To get something back.(redeem)
23. A narrate composition in rhythmic verse suitable for singing.(ballad)
24. Space for ship.(Harbor)
25. Art or making figures in stone, wood, metal etc.(sculpture)
26. Show sorrow or regret.(mourn)
27. Sound indicating sadness.(sigh)
28. A state that continues to live or exist.(survival)
29. A new activity that involve risk.(venture)
30. An event not easily understood/something that people do not know anything about.(mystery)
31. Part of the spacecraft separated from the main.(capsule)
32. One who does the scientific study of the sun, moon, etc.(astronomer)
33. A period of ten years.(decade).
34. A person who makes bread.(baker)
35. A person who makes wooden objects or structures.(carpenter)
36. A person who designs buildings and supervises their constructions.(architect)
37. A person who makes and repairs iron tools.(blacksmith)
38. A doctor who performs surgery.(surgeon)
39. A person who cleans and takes out teeth and fits artificial teeth.(dentist)
40. A person who drives Aeroplane. (pilot)
41. A person who is unable to walk or move properly.(cripple)
42. One who looks bright side of things.(optimist)
43. One who looks dark side of things.(pessimist)
44. A house for residence of students.(hostel)
45. A place for housing cars.(garage)
46. The act of killing oneself.(suicide)
47. A conversation between two persons.(dialogue)
48. One who can’t speak.(dumb)
49. One who can’t hear.(deaf)
50. One who is trained in doing act of public service (scout).
7. MODAL VERBS:
All The Auxiliary verbs except “Be”, “Do” & “Have” are called “Modals”. Modal verbs
can be used to say with all these situations.
a) Possible – may, can
b) Certainly possible – must,
c) Possible by force/compulsion/obligation – should, ought to
d) Willingly possible – shall, will, would
e) Impossible – can’t,
f) Probable – might, could
g) Improbable – couldn’t, mightn’t
a. Can: Ability/ possibility Inability/ Impossibility/Asking for permission request.
i. We can’t fix it? iii. They can control their own budgets.
ii. Can I write here? Iv. Can you help me?
b. Could: Asking for permission/Request/Suggestion/Future possibility/Ability in the past.
i. Could I borrow your dictionary? iv. Could you say it again?
ii. We could try to fix it ourselves. v. I think we could have another “Gulf War”
iii. He gave up his old job, so he could work for us.
c. May: Asking for permission/future possibility.
i. May I have another cup of coffee? ii. India may become a major economic power.
d. Might: Present possibility/Future possibility
i. We’d better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now.
ii. They might give us 10% discount.
e. Must: Necessity/Obligation/Prohibition
i. We must say good bye now. ii. They must not disrupt the work.
f. Shall: Offer/Suggestion/Asking what to do
i. Shall I help you with your luggage? ii. Shall I do that or will you?
g. Should: Saying what’s right/Recommending action/Uncertain prediction
i. We should sort out this problem at once. iii. Profits should increase next year.
ii. I think we should check everything again.
h. Will: Instant/decisions/Offer/promise/Certain prediction
i. I can’t see any taxis, so I will walk. ii. I will do that for if you like.
ii. I will get back to you on Monday
i. Would: Asking for permission/request/Making arrangements/Invitation preferences
i. Would you pass the salt please? iii. Would you prefer tea or coffee?
ii. Would you mind waiting a moment? iv. I’d like tea please
j. Dare: It is used in negative and interrogative sentences.
i. How dare you to touch me? ii. She doesn’t dare to do that.
k. Need: It is used to tell necessity.
i. She needs to go. ii. I need rest.
❖ Rewrite the Sentence using modals and identify language functions
1. Please return my library books.
Will you please return my library books?
Function: Request
2. The files are heavy. I’ll carry them for you.
Would I carry the files for you?
Function: seeking permission.
3. Let me switch on the fan, ok?
Do you mind if I switch on the fan?
Function: request
1. “Bring the books to my office”
Would you bring the books to my office?
Function: Request
❖ Previous year asked question:
1. Read the following conversation and answer the questions:
Ravi and Allaha Rakha are in the middle of their conversation
Ravi : How about meeting the doctor?
Alla rakha : Which doctor do you mean?
Ravi : Dr Anil Agarwal
Ravi : Does he practice nearby?
Alla Rakha : Yes, in the next street.
Ravi : Does he charge heavily?
Alla Rakha : No, no. He is moderate.
A. Chose the right one and answer:
The main language function used in the above conversation is
(Agreeing/Seeking information/Disagreeing)
Ans: Seeking information
B. Chose the right one and answer:
The first question of Ravi is…… (Seeking information/a suggestion)
Ans: A suggestion.
II. READING:
8. Unseen Passage Reading:
*Techniques: 1. Read the passage carefully once and detect its theme.
2. Note what the questions are about.
3. Give your answers in complete sentences.
4. Try to write answers in your own language.
1. Read the passage and answer the questions.
The baby bomb was dropped on the densely populated industrial town of
Hiroshima in Japan on 6th August 1945. The city of Hiroshima was flattened. At least 78.000
people possible many thousands more were killed or fatally injured. As great a number were
injured and all their dwelling were damaged or destroyed. The city’s military garrison was
 wiped out. Only a handful of doctors remained alive and most hospitals medical supplies ever
destroyed. Citizens of neighboring towns described the burned, living and dead as no longer
recognizably human with their flesh raw and blackened, their hair gone and the features
melted on their faces. It was the most shocking sight man had ever witnessed.
1. The passage is about a ____(fill in the blanks) Ans: Effect of war / bomb.
2. Where did the incident take place? Ans: Hiroshima in Japan.
3. What had happened to the militancy garrison? Ans: Wiped out.
4. The survivors couldn’t be given medical help. Why do you think so? Ans: A handful of
doctors remained alive.
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions : 1X4=4 April 2015
Once there was a man who was blind. He wished to see the whole world with his own eyes.
One day his friends took him to Jesus. They said to Jesus, ―Lord, this is our friend and he is
blind. Please enable him to see.‖ Jesus took the blind man to a quiet place, away from the
crowd, and touched his eyes gently. Jesus asked him, ―Can you see now? But he could only
see a few movements. Jesus gently touched his eyes again. Now he could see everything:
flowers, birds, trees, people and all. He shouted in happiness, Lord, I can see, I can see! He
knelt down before Jesus and thanked him heartily.
1. What was the blind man‘s wish? Ans: To see the whole world.
2. Who took the blind man to Jesus? What was their request? Ans: Friends, there request was to
enable him to see.
3. How did Jesus touch his eyes? What happened then? Ans: He touched gently. He could see
everything.
4. How did the blind man thank Jesus? Ans: He knelt down before Jesus and thanked him
heartily.
3. Read the following passage and answer the questions: 1 = 44
The great saint Teresa wished to have a torch in her right hand and a vessel of water in her
left so that with the one, she might burn the glories of heaven, and with the other, extinguish
the fires of hell, and men might learn to serve God from love without fear of hell and without
the temptation of heavenly bliss.
1. Who is the paragraph about? Ans: Saint Teresa
2. Why did she hold a torch in her right hand? Ans:She held it to burn the glories of heaven
3. There are words which are opposite to each other. Pick and write two pairs of words.
Ans: 1. Left X right 2. Heaven X hell 3. Burn X extinguish
4. What was Saint Teresa's message to humanity? Ans: To serve god from love without fear to
hell and without the temptation of heavenly bless.
4. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow :
George Washington was the first President of the United States of America. He was born over
two hundred years ago in the state of Virginia on February 22. When George was a boy, he had
lots of fun exploring the woods and forests near his home. He enjoyed hunting, boating, and
fishing. He lived on a farm and helped his father with the chores that needed to be done. George
went to school until he was 14 years old. His favorite subject was Mathematics. George was
good, quiet boy who got along well with others. George grew up to be a tall and strong man. He
joined the military. He was a great leader and helped with many battles. He is best remembered
as a leader of the continental army. He helped the Americans win the revolutionary war against
Great Britain for independence.
1. What did George enjoy doing? Ans: George enjoyed hunting, boating and fishing
2. Why is George best remembered? Ans: He is best remembered as a leader of the continental
army.
3. How did he help the Americans? Ans: He helped the Americans win the revolutionary war
against Great Britain for independence.
4. Young George was fun exploring. How? Ans: He explored the woods and forests near his
home.
9. CONVERSATION:
1. Read the conversation and answer the following questions :
Suma : Hello, may I speak to Anita?
Asha : Anita is not at home, may I know who is speaking?
Suma : I’m Suma, Anita’s classmate. Please tell her to meet me near the library at 6pm.
a. Which word in the given conversation means ‘a place where books are available for people to
use or borrow? Ans: Library
b. What message has Suma left for Anita? Ans: Suma requested Asha to tell Anita to meet her
near the central library at 6pm
2. Read the conversation and answer the following questions :
Father : Imran, when is the parent meeting in your school?
Imran : Dad, it’s on 12th January.
Father : Oh! I’ll be out of station as I have an important meeting on that day.
Imran : Ok dad, but what about mom?
Father : Of course, she may be free I’ll ask her to attend.
Imran : I’ts alright dad.
a. Why is Imran’s father not able to attend the parent meet? Ans: Because Imran’s father was
not in station as he had an Important meeting on that day.
b. Choose the right one and answer:
Imran agrees/disagrees with his father’s decision. Ans: Imran agrees
3. Read the conversation and answer the following questions :
Raju : What a wonderful pudding! The best I’ve ever tasted.
Manu : Thanks for complement. The recipe is my mom’s.
Raju : Could you please give it to me? I’d like to try it.
Manu : Certainly don’t forget to cal me when you try it for proof of the pudding.
a. Which word in the conversation means a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of
food? Ans: Recipe
b. Why did raju ask Manu the recipe? Ans: It was the best he had ever tasted. He wanted to try
it.
4. Read the conversation and answer the following questions :
Shruti : Why are you sad?
Shreya : What’s that to you?
Shruti : If you don’t mind would you tell me the reason?
Shrey : Well, I have scored less marks in exam.
a. Why is Shreya so sad? Ans: Because she has scored less marks in exam.
b. What is the mood of Shreya expressed here? Ans: ‘Sad’ mood is expressed.
5. Read the conversation and answer the following questions :
Rekha : Hello, can I speak Kaveri?
Neha : I’m afraid KAveri is not at home, may I know who is speaking?
Rekha : I’m Rekha. Please tell Kaveri to meet me near Gandhi square bus stop at 4pm.
a. Who did Rekha want to speek to? Ans: Rekha want to speak to Kaveri.
b. What message did Rekha leave for Kaveri? Ans: Meet her near Gandhi square bus stop at
4pm.
 10. Comparatives:
Look at the pictures. Write a sentence using the correct form of word on what you read.

1. Frame a sentence using ‘bigger than’

Ball
Ball B
A

Ans: Ball A is bigger than ball B

2. Heavier than

B
A

Ans: Bag B is heavier than bag A

5Kg 9 Kg
Sugar
Sugar

3. Larger than
Ans: Box B is larger than box A

A B

4. Brighter than

Moon

Sun

Ans: The sun is brighter than the moon

5. Longer Than Ans: Line B is longer than line A

3 cms Line A 7 cms Line B

6. Shorter than

Ram Joseph Ans: Ram is shorter than Joseph

7. Smaller than

Ans: X is smaller than Y

X Y

8. Lighter than

5 grams 8 grams

Pot A Pot B Ans: Pot A is lighter than pot B

9. Thicker than

Ans: Stick B is thicker than stick A

Stick A Stick B
3 cms 8 cms
11. Jumbled words: A Sentence is a group of words which gives complete meaning
or sense. Example: 1. Radha walks to school. 2. The school won the championship.
1. Assertive Sentence (Statement): A sentence that makes an assertion is called
assertive sentence. It ends with full stop (.).
Word order rules:
A. Sub+ Verb: 1. He went 2. Rahul reads.
B. Sub + Verb + obj: 1. Rani eats a mango. 2. Pooja tells a story.
C. Sub + Verb + compliment: 1. Aisu has a good memory.
(Note: All the above three may have other words like adjective, adverbs and
prepositions).
2. Interrogative Sentence (Questions): Sentence which ask questions are called
interrogative sentence. Ends with question mark (?).
A. Wh question: Wh(word ) + Hv(aux) + sub + verb + obj/comp?
1. Where do you live?
2. When was Vivekananda born?
B. Yes/No question: (be/have/do/modals) form + sub + verb + obj/comp?
1. Can you solve this problem?
2. Do you agree with this price?
3. Exclamatory Sentence: Sentence which express some strong feelings or emotions
are called exclamatory sentence. It can be identified by exclamatory mark (!).
A. Adv + Adj + Sub + Verb + !
1. How beautiful the flower is!
2. What a wonderful place it is!
B. Interjection! + sub + verb + obj/comp.
1. Hurrah! We won the match.
2. O! God she is dead.
❖ Examples:
1. to/Swami/tried/escape. Ans: Swami tried to escape.
2. his/land/to sell/agreed/Don. Ans: Don agreed to sell his land.
3. became/a/voracious/Anant/reader. Ans: Anant became a voracious reader.
4. play/could/sitar/Anant. Ans: Anant could play sitar.
5. did/the/doctor/recommend/what/? Ans: What did the doctor recommend?
6. Grandma/how/feel/?/did/ Ans: How did grandma feel?
7. the/will/they/match/win/? Ans: Will they win the match?
8. hard/?are/you?working/ Ans: Are you working hard?
9. a/what/!/seen/oh Ans: Oh! what a seen.
10. has/he/broke/Alas/!/legs/his Ans: Alas! He has broken his legs.
11. a/!/beautiful/what/is/it/scene Ans: what a beautiful scene it is!
III. Writing:
12. Letter Writing: There are two types in letters:
1. Formal (Personal) Letters: This is written to father, mother, brother, sister,
friends and blood relatives.
2. Informal (Official) Letter: This is written to officials.
1. Formal (Personal) Letters: Parts of a Letter:
1. From address(Sender’s address)
2. Salutation (My Dear Father/Friend/Sister/Mother etc….)
3. Body of the letter
4. Complementary close.
5. Signature (Yours affectionately/yours sincerely)
6. To address (Receiver’s address)
 From,
………1………
Date:dd/mm/yyyy
My dear……2……..,
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………3……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………4……………………………..
Yours affectionately.
(…………5………….)
To,
………………
……6……….
1. Imagine that you are Shanti/ Prasad studying in 10th Standard, Government High School
Vijayapur. Write a letter to your Father requesting him to send Rs. 500 / buy stationery
things.
From,
Shanti
Govt high school
Vijayapur
Date: 1st May 2017
My dear father,
I am fine, I expect the same from you. I am studying well. The teacher has
informed us buy 10-two hundred page notebooks and 8-hundred page notebooks. I
need Rs. 500/ will you send the amount to enable me to buy notebooks.
Please convey my regards to grandma and mother, my wishes brother.
Yours lovingly
(Shanti)
To,
Ananda K
Kalpana Garden,
Vijayapur-586101.
1. Imagine that you are Samarth/ Sanvi studying in 10th Standard, Government High
School Sindagi. Write a letter to your friend informing about your preparation for the
forth coming.
From,
Samarth
Govt high school
Sindagi
Date: 1st June 2017
Dear friend Sudeep,
I am fine here. How are you? How is your study going on?
As you know the annual examination is in April. I am studying hard. My
teachers are encouraging me. I am studying based on study time table, in all FA tests I
have scored good marks. I am working hard to get distinction.
Please convey my regards to your parents and write about your studies.
Yours affectionately.
To, Samarth
Sudeep
Govt High School,
Jambagi (A)-
586112.
Examples for the practice.
1. Write a letter to your friend, using the clues given bellow:
Your school climate – teachers - food – play ground – library
2. Write a letter to your friend about you have visited a place of your choice recently.
Clues are given : we – friends – forest – peacocks – elephants –hill- stream flowing-
sunset- jumped-joy- danced- returned- evening.
3. Write a letter to your father about your preparation for the internal/external
examination
4. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to attend your sister’
5. Write a letter to your friend who lives in Hubli inviting him/her during summer
vacation
6. Write a letter to your father requesting him to send Rs 1500/- for your school
excursion (tour).Write a letter to your father requesting him to send you Rs. 5000/- to
provide food for 100 orphans on your birthday.
2. Informal (Official) Letter:
Parts of a Letter:
1. From address
2. To address
3. Salutation (Respected sir/madam)
4. Subject of the letter.
5. Body of the letter
6. Complementary close.
7. Signature(yours faithfully/Sincerely)

Informal (Official) Letter Format:

From,
……1…………..
………………..
……………….
Date: ddd/mm/yyyy
To,
The…2………...
……………….
……………….
Respected sir/madam,3
Subject
:……………………4………………….………………………………………
As per the above subject I am (write name) of 10th standard of (write
school name & place)
………………………………………………………………………………………
…..…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Thanking you.
Yours
faithfully.
XYZ
Date:dd/mm/yyyy
Place:……...
1. Imagine that you are Yashavnt/Radhika , 10th std, P.D.J ‘B’ high school Vijayapur.
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the roads and drainage system
in your locality.
From,
Yasahavant,
10th standard
P.D.J high school,
Vijayapur.
Date: 1st April 2017
To,
The Editor,
Deccan Herald,
Vijayapur.
Respected sir,
Sub : “Regarding bad condition of Roads”
As per above subject I am Yashavant of 10 th standard of P.D.J high school
‘B’ Vijayapur There are four main roads and ten bye lanes in our village. The roads
have not been swept for nearly one month. Flies and mosquitoes have been haunting
us. I request you to draw the attention of concerned authorities to get the roads swept
without fail.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully,
Yashavant
2. Imagine that you are Ramya / Ranjith Studied in B.D.E Society high school
Vijayapur. Write a letter to Your Head Master requesting to issue Transfer Certificate.
From,
Ramya
D/o Mohan
Vijayapur
Date: 1st June 2017
To,
The Head Master,
B.D.E Society High School,
Vijayapur.
Respected sir,
Sub : Requesting to issue T.C
As per above subject I am Ramya. I have passed the S.S.L.C Examination
in April this year, in first class, with register no 20170000. I wish to continue my
studies at P.D.J. PU college, Vijayapur, I request you to kindly issue me the transfer
certificate. I have returned all the books I had borrowed from the school library.
Thanking you, Yours Faithfully
Ramya
Place: Vijayapur
Date: 1st June 2017

Official letters for practice:

1. Write a letter to your headmaster/headmistress, requesting him/her to help your friend
to pay the school fees as he/she is poor. April-2017
2. Write an application to the Chairman of your village Panchayat, requesting him to
provide sufficient water supply to your area. June-2016
3. Write a letter to the General Manager of KMF Dairy, Shivamogga, requesting
permission to visit the Dairy. April2016
4. Write a letter to the Editor column of any news paper focusing the problem of
irregularity of buses to your area. Clues are given bellow:
Buses do not come in time – inconvenience to daily commuters – bring it to the notice
of the higher authority. June-2015
5. Write a letter to your headmaster/headmistress, requesting him/her to provide the
students facility of learning computer.
6. Write a letter to the Editor, Times of India, about the frequent breakdown of
electricity in your area.
13. Profile writing:
Profile writing is to describe persons. Parts of the human body or appearance like
education qualification, job, achievements, hobbies and other details.
❖ Name : Rahul
Full name : Rahul Sharad Dravid
Nick nam : The wall, Jammy, Mr dependable
Date of birth, age and place : 11th January 1973, age 44 and Indore.
Parents name : Sharad and Pushpa
Mr/Miss/Mrs/Dr/Shri/Smt. (write name) was born at/in (write birth place).
He/She was born on (write date of birth). His/Her full name is/was (write full
name). He/She is/was also known as (write nick/pet name). He/She is/was (write
age) years old. His/Her parents are/were (write parents name).
Ans: Mr Rahul Dravid was born in Indore. He was born on 11 th January 1973. He is
44 years old. His ful name is Rahul Sharad Dravid. He is also known as The wall,
Jammy, Mr dependable. His parents are Sharad and Pushpa.
❖ Physical Built: Height, weight, color of skin (complexion), hair, eyes, nose.
He/She is/was (write height) tall and weighed (write weight). He/She is/was
(write color of skin). He/She has/had (write hair color) hair. His/Her eyes are/were
(write shape of eyes/color) and has/had (write shape of nose) nose.
❖ Education Qualifications:
He/She is/was a (Degree/course name) graduate from (college/university). He/She
completed (Ph.d/M.Phil) to his credit.
❖ Job profile and experience:
Presently he/she works as (write job name) in (Department name/place).
He/She has/had (years of service) years of experience as (work).
❖ Achievements:
He/She has/had conferred with (name of award) awarded by (award given
institute/govt) in (year) He/She is/was honored with the title (Degree name) by
(Degree given institute/govt).
❖ Hobbies: His/her hobbies are/were (write hobbies).
❖ Family: He/She has/had small/big family with wife and children.
❖ Other details:
a) He/She is/was very popular because (write reason).
b) He/She is/was a writer and has/had authored (no of books written) books.
Examples:
1. Below is a profile of Mr Shivanand the school clerk. Write the information in
the form of paragraph
Age : Around 45 years.
Height & weight : 6 feet, solid built.
Family : small, 2 children, one male and a female college going
 Education : B.Com. Graduate.
Hobbies : Gardening, coin collection.
Reason for his popularity : Helpful and best gardener.
Mr Shivanand is a school clerk. He is around 45 year old. He is 6 feet tall and
has solid built physique. He is happy with small family. He has two children both are
college going. He is B.Com graduate. His hobbies are gardening and coin collecting.
He is very popular person because he is helpful and soft spoken.
2. Below is a profile of Dr A.P.J.Abdul Kalam . Write the information in the form
of paragraph.
Name : Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam.
Date of birth : 15th October 1931.
Birth place : Rameshwaram, Tamilnadu.
Education : Aeronautic Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology.
Achievement : Project director, Satellite launch vehicle III
Books written : Wings of Fire, India 2020; A vision for the Millennium, My Journey,
Ignated Minds.
Awards & Rewards: 30 Honorary doctorate, Padma Bhushan(1981), Padma
Vibhushan(1990), Bharat Ratna(1997), 11th President of India in 2002.
Ans: Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam was born 15th October 1931at Rameshwaram in
Tamilnadu. He did Aeronautic Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology. He
was the project director for Satellite launch vehicle III. He has written four books,
Wings of Fire, India 2020; A vision for the Millennium, My Journey, Ignated Minds.
He became 11th president of India in 2002. He has 30 honorary doctorates, he was
awarded Padma Bhushan(1981), Padma Vibhushan(1990), Bharat Ratna(1997) by
government of India.
***Practice example:
1. Given below is a profile of Manjunath write a paragraph using given clues:
Age : 35 years old.
Designation : Assistant Teacher
Place of work : P.D.J. High School Vijayapur.
Length of service : 10 years.
Reason for popularity : Helpful and student friendly.
Hobbies : Reading books, writing poems, singing songs,
2. Given below is a profile of Dr Kiran write a paragraph using given clues:
Place of work : Swami Vivekanand Hospital
No of years worked : 20 years.
Specialization : Heart Specialist
Achievements : Performed heart transplants – patients from many
countries.
Future Plan : To open free hospital in his village.
3. Given below is a profile of Vishwanathan Anand write a paragraph using given
clues:
Born : 11th Dec 1969
Age : 48 Years.
Title : Grand master(1988).
Place of birth : Maliladuthurai, Tamilnadu.
Awards : Rajeev Ghandhi Khel ratna(1992), Padma Vibhushan(2007).
4. Given below is a profile of P.T.Usha write a paragraph using the clue given
bellow:
Born : 27th June 1964.
 Nationality : Indian
Other names : Poyyoli express, golden girl.
Known for : Track and field athlete.
Employed : Indian Railway
Awards : Padma Shree.
5. Given below is a profile of Akshata. P. write a paragraph using the clue given
bellow:
DOB : 27th August 2001.
Birth place : Athani
Nationality : Indian
Education : P.U.C Science
Other names : Akshata 1st, golden girl.
Reason for popularity: Respectful to elders & teachers, friendly nature & talks
politely.
Hobbies : Study, dance, singing, playing games with friends.
6. Given below is a profile of Dr Nikhita, write a paragraph using the clue given
bellow:
Age : 47 years
Qualification : M.Sc, Ph.D
Occupation : Professor in Physics in Delhi University
Hobbies : Watching birds, reading magazines
Reason for popularity : Soft spoken, Warm hearted and love to help students.
Academic Achievements : Paper presentation on “Waste Management”
Author of book : ‘Ecological Crisis”.
14. Expand Outlines:
1. Make each clue a sentence. 2. Try to write a small sentence.
2. Use subject + verb + object/complement.
1. Write a paragraph using the clues given bellow. You may add some points if
necessary.
An ant – fell into a river notable come out- A bird saw- leaf- dropped climbed-
the wind drove- the banks- saved thanked- a hunter- catch the bird- at saw- its friends-
biting hunter- ran away- saved- thanked.
Ans: An ant fell into a river. It was notable come out. A bird saw this. It took a leaf
and dropped it near the ant. The ant climbed on to the leaf. The wind drove the leaf to
the banks of the river. The ant was saved. The ant thanked the bird. One day a hunter
came to catch the bird. The ant saw this. It called all its friends. All the ants biting the
hunter. He ran away in fear. The bird was saved. The bird thanked the ants.
2. An old woman- greedy- a goose in her house- golden egg- every day sold- her
living- becoming very rich- though- hundreds of golden eggs- its stomach- killed only
one egg- lost what she had.
Ans : There was an old woman. She was greedy. She had a goose in her house. It
laid golden egg every day. She sold it in market. Day by day her living started
becoming very rich. A though came into her mind. She thought there might be
hundreds of golden eggs in its stomach. She wished to become sudden rich. She killed
the goose. There was only one egg in it. She lost the goose.
3. A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED
Once an ant fell into a stream. In vain it tried to catch hold of a leaf or
twig to save itself. It was carried along the stream. A dove was watching the ant from
the branch of a tree. Out of pity it let fall a leaf into the stream. The ant climbed upon
the leaf and was saved Another day, a hunter took aim at the same dove with his gun.
 The dove knew nothing about this hunter; but the ant saw him. It knew that the dove
was in danger. It quickly came to the hunter and bit his toe. The hunter missed his aim
and the dove flew away. That was how the grateful ant did good turn to the kind dove.
4. A PERFECTLY HAPPY MAN!
Once a king became seriously ill. The doctors said that he could be well
again if he wore the shirt of a perfectly happy man. The king sent his men all over to
find a perfectly happy man. They could not find one. After a weary search, they came
upon a begger. He was singing. He was laughing. He was perfectly happy. He was
brought before the king. The doctors asked him to give his shirt to the king. He
laughed and said,” I have no shirt at all.”
5. WHO TO BELL THE CAT?
Once the mice living in a certain house were very much afraid of a cat, for it killed
and ate many of them. They held a meeting to decide how to get rid of the nasty cat.
One mouse said that they should leave the house. Another said that they should not
come out of their holes. Then a young mouse stood up and said, “Why not tie a bell
round the cat’s neck? We can then hear it coming, and get away easily out of its way.”
All the mice cheered, “What a good plan!” Now an old mouse stood up and said, “The
plan is, no doubt, very good, but who will bell the cat?” No mouse now came forward
to do it. Suddenly the cat appeared and all the mice ran into their holes.
15. Jumbled Letters:
The spelling of a word is jumbled writhe the meaningful word.
1. Olyla :loyal 11. ggrade -ragged 21. dede-deed
2. baoed-abode 12. now-own 22. areg-rage
3. rcawl-crawl 13. obthre-bother 23. flitre-trifle
4. rftalret-flatter 14. lgisetn-glisten 24. lgaem-gleam
5. trmcou-tremor 15. lasoce-solace 25. Zoed-doze
6. lbssening-blessing 16. stpudi-stupid 26. odutb-doubt
7. sotaliry-solitary 17. gola-goal 27. areg-rage
8. rreor-error 18. diayl-daily 28. maitbion-ambition
9. suonmm-summon 19. egare-eager 29.fare-fear
10. beonck-beckon 20. rpeytt-pretty 30. coolsh-school
IV. Editing (Paragraph Errors):
16. Editing: Editing a paragraph means, detecting the mistakes in a paragraph regarding
language items and correcting them.
The errors may be as follows:
1. Articles 5. Correct form of verb & words
2. Prepositions & conjunctions 6. Punctuations (.,? “”)
3. Numbers (singular & plural) 7. Subject and verb agreement
4. Capital letters 8. Spellings
❖ Instructions: - Paragraphs are given below. They have errors. Edit the paragraphs
using the clues given below;-
1. There was an great deal in conversation about rain but his family. He was very proud
of his large family finally we got down to business.
Clues:-
a. Error in the article c. Error in preposition
b. Error in conjunction d. Error in verb form
2. The next day as smitha with her father are leaving for the concert. Her brother smile
and said, enjoy yourself though ____words came out in painful gasps lucky you.
Clues:-
 a. Error in the conjunction c. Error in the auxiliary verb
b. Error in the verb from d. Fill the blank with correct article
3. As soon as geeta received the message, she lefted in a taxi and came on the play
ground. Her son was playing with some childs. She thought her son was not injured.
Clues:-
a. Capital letter to be used c. Preposition to be corrected
b. Verbal mistake to be corrected d. Correct plural form of noun to be used
4. A cricket uses to sing all through many pleasant month of summer and spring. When
winter arrived, he fond that there was no food at home. Then he said, “What will
become of me”
Clues:-
a. Capital letter to be used c. Noun plural to be used
b. Verbal mistake to be corrected d. Correct punctuation mark to be used
5. Last Sunday, jacky and I went to the beach. When we arrived, we thought it was
going to rained. Luckily, the sky cleared up.
Clues:- a. Capital letter to be used b. Verbal mistake to be corrected
Key answers:-
1. a) a b) of c) and d) get
2. a) and b) were c) smiled d) the
3. a) Geeta b) left c) to d) children
4. a) Cricket b) used c) months d) “What will become of me?”
5. a) Jacky b) rain
V. Grammar (Language use):
17. Voice: The voice of a verb tells whether the subject of sentence performs or receives
the action.
❖ Active Voice: In this voice the subject performs the action expressed by the verb.
❖ Passive Voice: In this voice the subject receives the action expressed by the verb.

GENARAL RULES TO CHANGE THE VOICE:

Rule-1:- Make the ‘object’ of the active sentence – ‘subject’ of the passive sentence.
Rule-2:- Make the ‘subject’ of the active sentence ‘agent’ (by) of the passive
sentence.
Rule-3:- Always use third form of the verb (V3) in passive structure.
Rule-4:- Take care that the ‘to be’ form of verb is governed by the new subject
(‘subject’ of the passive sentence)
Ex: 1. I write a letter. (A.V) – A letter is written by me. (P.V)
2. She is helping the students. (A.V) – Students are being helped by her (P.V)
Rule-5:- Change of subjects as following:
Active Voice Passive voice
1. He him
2. She her
3. It it
4. I me
5. We us
6. You you
7. They them
8. Who whom
Rule-6:- The change of verbs (tense wise) takes place as per following table:
Tense Verb (A.V) Verb (P.V) to be form + V3
1. Simple Pr. T V1(s, es, ies) am/is/are+V3+by+sub
2. Simple P. T V2 was/were+V3+by+sub
3. Simple F. T shall/will+V1 shall be/will be+V3+by+sub
4. Pr continuous. T am/is/are+V1+ing am/is/are+being+V3+by+sub
5. P continuous. T was/were+V1+ing was/were+being+V3+by+sub
6. Pr perfect. T has/have+V3 has been/have been+V3+by+sub
7. P. perfect. T had+V3 had been+V3+by+sub
8. F. perfect. T shall have/will have shall have been/will have been+V3+by+sub
Note: Sentence in present perfect continuous tense, past perfect continuous
tense, future perfect continuous tense and future continuous tense are can’t be
transformed into passive.
Example:
1. Read the conversation:
Manu : When is your sister’s marriage?
Tanu : Tomorrow, sir.
Manu : Have you distributed the invitation cards?
Tanu : Yes, my brother has distributed all the invitation cards.
The passive form of the italicized sentence is………..
a. All the invitation cards were distributed by my brother.
b. All the invitation cards has been distributed by my brother.
c. All the invitation cards are distributed by my brother.
d. All the invitation cards have been distributed by my brother.
2. Read the conversation:
Ram : Mummy, where is Shobha and Shruti?
Mother : They are playing chess.
The passive form of the italicized sentence is………..
a. Chess are being played by them.
b. Chess was being played by them.
c. Chess is being played by them.
d. Chess had been played by them.
3. Read the conversation:
Father : My dear daughter what are you doing?
Daughter : I am writing a book in English.
The passive form of the italicized sentence is………..
a. A book is written by me in English.
b. A book was being written by me in English.
c. A book is being written by me in English.
d. A book was written by me in English.
4. Read the conversation:
Class Teacher : Who will sing a classical song?
Students : Sir, Sharada will sing a classical song.
Class Teacher : Sharada please sing.
The passive form of the italicized sentence is………..
a. A classical song is sung by Sharada.
b. A classical song will be sung by Sharada.
c. A classical song was sung by Sharada.
d. A classical song will have to sung by Sharada.
5. Read the conversation:
Yash : Are you eating mango?
Radhika : No, I am eating an apple.
The passive form of the italicized sentence is………..
 a. An apple is eaten by me. c. An apple is being eaten by me.
b. An apple was eaten by me. d. An apple was being eaten by me.
18. Language Function:
Identify the language function:
1. Could you please spare some time, sir?
Ans. Request
2. You’re absolutely right.
Ans. Expressing agreement.
3. I’m really grateful to you.
Ans. Expressing gratitude.
4. If you don’t mind could I use your pen?
Ans. Seeking permission.
5. I’m very sorry.
Ans. Apologize.
6. You should consult a doctor.
Ans. Suggesting.
7. Don’t worry everything will be alright.
Ans. Sympathizing.
8. Shut the door.
Ans. Ordering.
9. Story books are on fifth shelf in second row from here.
Ans. Giving direction.
10. Can I help you?
Ans. Permission
11. Read the conversation and choose the language function of italicized sentence.
Class teacher: who will sing classical song?
Students: Sir, Geeta
Class teacher: Geeta, please sing a song.
a. Order b. Request c, Obey d. Advice
19. Finite and Non-Finite verbs:
Verb is a word which shows an action is called verb.
Verb can divide into two types:
A. Finite Verbs.
B. Non-finite Verbs.
A. Finite Verbs:
A finite verb is one which has a specific tense, person and number. Therefore,
its form changes accordingly. (Every sentence needs a finite verb). Example: am, is,
are, was, were, has, had, does, did, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may,
might, must, ought to, V1 and V2 .
Example:
1. Dog is a faithful animal.
2. Pooja works hard.
B. Non- finite Verbs:
Non-finite verbs do not change their form even when the person and number of
the subject changes.
Example: be, being, been, V3, V4 (V1+ing) and ‘to verb’.
Non finite verbs are three kinds:
1. Infinitive: It is the base form of the verb.
a. To Infinitive: Which is used with ‘to’ before the verb is called infinitive verb.
 Example:
1. Sanju and Geeta agreed to meet at 2 O’clock.
2. I’ll arrange to see the CM.
b. Bare infinitive: The infinitive without the marker ‘to’ is used after the
auxiliaries- shall, should, will, would, may, might, do, did, can, could, must,
need and dare.
Example:
1. I shall invite them.
2. We must go now.
3. He can speak English.
4. You need not go.
5. He dare not refuse.
2. Gerund: The ‘…..ing’ form of the verb which is used as a noun is called gerund.
Example:
1. Running is good habit. 4. I hate camping.
2. The sleeping dog caused delay. 5. He loves camping in the woods.
3. Smoking is injurious to health.
3. Participle:
a. Present participle: are formed by adding ‘…...ing’ to the base form.
Example: I have been reading.
b. Past participle: are formed by adding -d, -ed, -en, -n to the base.
Example: I have worked, She had written.
Previous year asked questions:
1. Manju: Hello, Satish please stop for a minute. I would like to know where you are
going?
Satish : I am going to the market.
Manju:I see. I think you are in a hurry. Why are you going to market?
Satish : I am going to market to buy vegetables.
Which one of the following is infinitive? 1. going. 2 are. 3 to buy. 4 am.
2. Read the following conversation and identify the infinitive.
Sachin : When do you come Shruti?
Shruti : I am coming tomorrow. a. come b. coming c. am d. do
20. Reported Speech:
1. Read the conversation. Based on it, Complete the reported form given below.
Father : Why aren’t you doing your homework, Joseph?
Joseph : They didn’t give us any home work today Daddy.
Joseph’s father asked him why.......................................................
Joseph replied that they hadn’t........................................................
Ans: he wasn’t doing his home work. given them any home work that day.
2. Read the conversation. Based on it complete the reported form given below:
Rajev : How are you?
Rakesh : I’m fine, you?
Rajeev : I’m fine, thank you. Why did you go to Delhi last week?
Rakesh : I went to Delhi to see the ministesr.
Rajeev asked Rakesh why .............................
Rakesh replied that ........................................
Ans: he had gone to Delhi previous week. He had gone to Delhi to see the
ministers.
3. Preethi : Will you please help me to cross the road?
Bharath : I will help you to cross the road.
 Preethi asked Bharathi whether…………….. Bharathi replied that ..............
Ans: She would help her to cross the road. She would help her to cross the road
4. Chand : Hello, Prashant
Prashant : How are you?
Chand : I’m fine. Thank you. Are you working in this company?
Prashant : Yes, I am. I joined this firm last year.
Chand and Prashant greeted each other.
Chand asked Prashant .........................Prashanth replied he ...........................................
Ans: If he was working in that company . had joined that firm the previous year.
5. Child : I want a balloon, which I can release into the air.
Balloon man : Which colour balloon do you want?
A child told a balloon man that .........................The balloon man.................................
Ans: he wanted a balloon which he could release into the air. asked which colour
balloon he wanted
6. Son : Why are they asking for money, mummy?
Mother : It is because they are poor, darling
On seeing the beggars the son .......................When the mother replied that……….
Ans : asked his mother why they were asking for money. it was because they were
poor
7. Captain : Do you know how to play cricket?
Laxman : Never had a chance to learn it.
The captain asked Laxman ................ ..... Laxman replied ......................... ...................
Ans: if he knew how to pay cricket. that he had never had a chance to learn it.
8. Nirmala : Hi Lalita how are you?
Lalita : Life’s rather tough. I need a job.
Nirmala on meeting Lalita asked ........................ Lakshya replied…………………….
Ans: how she was. that she was on the looked out for a job
9. Mother : I have washed the car for you today
Daughter : Thank you, Mom
The mother told the daughter that .......................... The daughter……………………
Ans: she had washed the car for her that day also. thanked her mother
10. Bos : Are there any more files?
Peo : Yes sir
Boss asked the Peon ....................... The Peon ......................................
Ans: if there were any more files. replied respectfully yes.
11. Wife : Please stop this work immediately
Husband: I have to meet the deadline or the editor will give the work to somebody
else. The wife requested …………………………..Husband ......................................
Ans: her husband to stop that work. replied that he had to meet
12. Astrologer : Will you give me five rupees. If you find my answers satisfactory
Customer : No
The astrologer asked the customer ...........................The customer.................................
Ans: Whether he would give him five rupees if he found his answers satisfactory.
replied no (negatively).
21. Question Tag:
To conform whether our statement is correct or in correct.
Easy rules to make a question tag:
1. Contracted forms of auxiliary verbs + not
HV + not Short forms used in tag HV + not Short forms used in tag
1. Do not don’t 13. Did not didn’t
 2. Is not isn’t 14. Does not doesn’t
3. Am I not aren’t I? 15. Are not aren’t
4. Has not hasn’t 16. Have not haven’t
5. Had not haven’t 17. Was not wasn’t
6. Were not weren’t 18. Shall not shan’t
7. Will not won’t 19. Can not can’t
8. Should not shouldn’t 20. Would not wouldn’t
9. Could not couldn’t 21. Might not mightn’t
10. Ought not oughtn’t 22. Must not mustn’t
11. Used not used not 23. Need not needn’t
12. Dare not daren’t
2. Structure of question tag
❖ For positive statement – negative question tag
Hv + n’t + sub? Negative. Kaveri is not cooking, is she?
❖ For negative statement – positive question tag
Hv + sub? Positive. Neha is going to vijayapur, isn’t she?
3. Statement using barely, hardly, neither no, nobody, none, nothing and seldom
are treated as negative.
Eg. 1. Nobody went to the temple, did they? 2. Nothing is ready, is it?
4. The subject of the tag is always a pronoun
Eg. Pratika does not work hard, does she?
5. When the statement contains ‘I am’ as subject the construction of the tag in negative
will be ‘aren’t I’ if positive question tag ‘am I’
Eg. 1. I am going to meet her, aren’t I? 2. I am not going there, am I?
6. If there is no helping verb in the sentence we add ‘do, does, did’ depending on the
tense
Note: If the sentence is in simple present tense we use ‘do or does’ and if it is in
simple past tense we use ‘did’.
Eg. 1. He goes to office, does he? 2. They play, do they? 3. They played, did they?
Examples:
1. He could play very confidently.
a. Couldn’t he? b. Could he? c. Can he? d. Can’t he? Ans.: Couldn’t he?
2. You cannot help others.
a. Can he? b. Can’t he? c. Could he? d. Will he? Ans.: a. Can he?
3. She is Nivedita.
a. isn’t she? b. is she c. does she? d. did she? Ans.: a. isn’t she
4. Raghav is singing a song.
a. isn’t he? b. is he? c. was he? d. wasn’t he? Ans.: a. isn’t he?
5. Latha is not reading.
a. is he? b. isn’t he? c. will he? d. won’t he? Ans.: a. isn’t he?
6. I work hard.
a. Don’t I? b. Do I? c. Does I? d. do we? 107 Ans.: Don’t I?
7. We worked hard.
a. Did I? b. Didn’t I c. Didn’t we? d. Do we Ans.: c. Didn’t we?
8. They have two books.
a. Haven’t they? b. Have they? c. has she? d. had they? Ans.: a. Haven’t they?
9. She has written in.
a. hasn’t she? b. has she? c. haven’t they? d. had she? Ans.: a. hasn’t she?
10. He will tell us truth.
a.won’t he? b. will he? c. can he? d. could he? Ans.: a. won’t he?
 22. Articles:
Article is a word, which is used before a noun or a pronoun to show a
particular person, place or thing.
It has two kinds:
1. Definite article (The) 2. Indefinite article(a, an)
1. Definite article: It is used to show a particular person, place or thing.
Example: The Teacher, The Cinema, The Ganga River etc….
2. Indefinite article: It is used to show a person, place or thing is in general.
Example: A Gun, A Story, An Apple, An Inkpot.
Exercise:
Fill in the blanks with suitable articles:-
1. There are seven days in ……….week. 9. It wasn’t your fault it was ……accident
2. I eat ……..banana every day. 10. There is ……….hair in my soup.
3. I am looking for ……….job. 11. It was ………….good suggestion.
4. I am going to see ……………..doctor. 12. Do you want ……….egg.
5. I will make……example of one of them. 13. Please close……….door.
6. .….union I strength. I am …optimist. 14. Wangjia’s bread bag flew into.…sky.
7. Anant was……….. talented boy and………fastest runner.
8. I had ………….. Sandwich and ………apple for breakfast.
23. Preposition:
A preposition is a word governing and usually coming in front of noun or
pronoun and expressing a relation to word or elements, as in.
Eg: 1. She left before breakfast. 2. The shop closed at midnight.
Common preposition: abroad, across, along, anti, at, about after, amid, above,
around, against, among, as, below, beside, but, before, beneath, between, by, behind,
beyond, down, during, despite, except, for, from, inside, into, in, minus, near, on, out,
of, off, onto, opposite, over, per, past, round, since, to, than, through, toward, under,
unlike, until, up, upon, versus, with, within, without.
Exercise:
1. The dog swam………….the river.
2. The book fell …………the shelf.
3. The car came ………….the corner.
4. They got ………………the train.
5. They went ………the house ……..the window.
6. I looked …………the window.
7. Do you know how to put a film ……….this camera?
8. In volleyball you have to hit the ball ……the net.
9. The photo is hanged ………….the wall.
10. I am not going out this afternoon, I am staying ………home.
11. Next month we hope to go ………Mysore.
12. I went …………Sagar’s house yesterday.
13. Don’t sit …………the floor.
14. What is there ……………your bag.
15. There are lots of fish …………this river.
16. My brother lives ………Bangalore.
17. There is a small park …………the top of the hill.
18. I have been waiting for him……….morning.
19. The function will be organized………17th July 2017.
20. He died…….1947.
 24. Linking Words (Conjunctions):
It is a word which joins two words or two sentences to complete their meaning.
Example: and, also, after, before, because, but, either, else, hence, if, neither, or, only,
other, since, soon, still, so, therefore, though, too, which, who, while, yet.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate linking words choosing from the brackets:
1. Vinutha………..her sister entered the house……….there was no electricity …..they
took out a box of matches and lit a lamp……….they couldn’t see anything.
(still, but, and, so) Ans: and, but, so, still
2. ……….Venkatraman is a rich man, he is not generous……….his wife helps the
needy……….she was from a poor family……….suffered a lot. (though, because, and,
but) Ans: though, but, because ,and
3. Suresh………..Mahesh went to the bus station……….they missed the
bus……….they entered the station, the bus left………..they could not board the bus.
(but, as soon as, and, so) Ans: and, but, as soon as, so
4. Ramanna is rich……….sad……….discontented. He owns hundred acres of land
which he has inherited from his ancestors. He does not
possess……….wife………children (or, but, and, either) Ans: but, and, either ,or
5. Abdul Kalam was a disciplined person……….he was from a poor family, he became
popular. He made a name……….as a scientist ……….as a states man……….he
was service dedicative. (not only, though, but also, because) Ans: though, not only but
also, because
6. Radhakrishnan was a teacher. Everybody liked him……….he had lot of patience
while
teaching……….any student didn’t have money to pay fees, he would give him
money,………..he was kind……….service minded. (If, and, because, as)
Ans: because, if, as, and
7. The people did not help Roma………they were afraid of being
involved……...Baleshwar alone had to take Roma. He requested the passerby to help
him……….no one heeded him. A tempo truck driver stopped………..took Roma to
the hospital.
(so, but, and, because) Ans: because ,so but, and
8. The people of Tibet suffered from cold……..hunger. They decided to send Wangjia to
find bird of happiness……….he was a smart boy………..he was a small boy, he was
determined……….the others hesitated to go. (because, and, though, while) Ans: and,
because, though, while
9. Ram……….Raju are twin brothers. Ram is hard working……….Raju is lazy…….he
is lazy he is smart. His father knows .............. he would achieve a lot in his life.
(that, but, and, though) Ans: and, but, though, that.
10. Sham is an engineer. He earns lot of money ……….doesn’t save ………..his wife is
upset(and, so, but, because) Ans: but, so
25. The Right form of verbs:
Fill in the blanks choosing the right form of the verbs given in brackets.
1. You can……….(see) him now. Ans.: see
2. See, how he……….(be+stand) Ans.: is standing
3. His face is……….(wrinkle) Ans.: Wrinkled.
4. All machines require energy to make them work. This energy is….(supply) by fuel.
Fuel….(exist) in various forms; Petrol and electricity, food and oxygen to mention only
some. Ans. : supplied, exists
5. My uncle…(have) a cow. He…..(buy) it in the market yesterday. Ans: has, bought
6. Sunder ................. (be + study) in Govt. High School last year. The Govt. closed that
school. So Sunder .......... (take) the transfer Certificate Ans.: was studying, took
7. Jayalakshmi is a classical singer. She……….(earn) money by giving tuitions.
She…….(be+go) to give a concert in the Town Hall tomorrow. Ans.: earns, is going
8. India……….(be+rule) by foreigners for many centuries. Leaders like
Gandhiji……….(fight) for freedom. Now India……….(be) a democratic country.
Ans.: was ruled, fought, is
9. Moments later, his father……….(leave) the room. When he returned, his arms
……….(be) full of paints and brushes, He……….(nod) his head but his
eyes……….(remain) sad. Ans.: left, were, nodded, remained
10. Swami’s father………..(sit) gloomily………….(gaze) at the newspaper on his lap.
Swami……….(rise) quietly and walked to his bed. Granny………..(be+sit) on her
bed, waiting for him. Ans.: sat, gazing, rose, was sitting
11. Hemalatha : Menaka,……….(Do) your husband eat sweets every day?
Menaka : Yes, he……….(eat)
Hemalatha : Please tell him that eating sweets……….(be) bad for health.
Menaka : He also……….(know) But he is fond of ……….(eat) sweets.
Ans.: Does, eats, is, knows, eating.
12. Kalpana informs her son Dharma Pal that she will be ……….(return) home late. In
the (go) to …………(attend) a conference at Malik Hotel. Dharma Pal……….(have)
to go for his coaching classes. Ans.: returning, go, attend, has
13. Using his utmost efforts he………(open) his eyes. He……….(stare) in the darkness
and……….(see) something……….(more) Ans.: opened, stared, saw, moving
14. Mrs. Sahana………(enter) the room and apologized for……….(come) late. She
hoped that the open window did not bother. Mr. Narayan. She……….(tell) him that
her husband and brothers would……….(come) home straight from shooting.
Ans.: entered, coming, told, come
15. I ……….(argue) with him but it was useless. Finally he……….(sign) the deed
and……….(take) the money but refused to……….(take) more than the amount
agreed upon. Ans.: argued, signed, took, take
16. With a desperate effort he……….(open) his eyes. He……….(put) his hand out to feel
his granny’s presence at his side as……….(be) his habit, but he only……….(touch)
the wooden leg of the bench. Ans.: opened, put, was, touched
17. The first baby bomb was……….(drop) on the densely populated industrial town on
Hiroshima in Japan on 6th August 1945. The city of Hiroshima………(be+ flatten).
At least 78,000 people and possibly many thousands more were…………(kill) or
fatally injured. Ans.: dropped, was flattened, killed
18. She…………(hand) him a sack and stick also. Velu………(be confuse). Then
Jaya……….(explain) that she was a rag picker. Ans.: handered, was confused,
explained
19. Bepin Babu ......... (ask) his driver Sitaram to ............ (drive) by the Ganga. He ........
(regret) having paid any heed to Ghosh. Yet the incident ........... (haunt) his mind.
Ans.: asked, drive, regretted, haunted
20. The social fabric……….(be) in bad shape. Religious leaders…………(preach) absurd
practices like untouchability and child marriage. In truth Indian ……….(have) lost
their self respect. The British………..(scorn) them Ans.: was, preached, had,
scorned
21. I cannot……….(forget) this day I………(make) my first speech in school today. Our
school……….(have + arrange) this competition. Ans: forget, made, had
arranged
 26. Framing Questions:
The framing questions are formed by using WH words in the beginning of the
sentence.
Wh words:
1. What - thing. 7. Who - person.
2. Whom - person. 8. Whose - person.
3. Where - place. 9. When - time.
4. Why - reason. 10. Which - particular things.
5. How - manner. 11. How many - number
6. How much - quantity.
Procedure:
1. Try to frame yes/no question if the sentence has helping verb.
2. Beginning with suitable question word.
3. If there is no helping verb take the help of (do/does and did) do verbs.
Eg: 1. The briefcase was stolen at the station.
Was the briefcase stolen?
Where was the briefcase stolen?
4. Word order: Wh(word) + Hv + Sub + Verb + obj/comp?
Eg. 1. Samanvita wants to become a doctor.
What does Samanvita want to become?
Examples:
1. Shreya was honoured by the C.M. Ans: Who was Shrey honoured by?
2. Students answered all the questions correctly. Ans: How did students answer all the
questions?
3. I come from a village. Ans: Where do you come from?
4. I want to buy a English dictionary. Ans What do you want to buy?
5. Some children go to school by bus. Ans: How do some children go to school?
VI. Reference Skill:
26. Dictionary Order:
Dictionary is a book that lists the words in alphabetical order and gives their meaning.
Arrange the following words in dictionary order.
1. ocean, orange, order, open 12. daughter, doctor, deter, dollar
2. rainbow, raindrop, railway, raincoat 13. speaker, super, sleeper, slipper
3. mango, marriage, manager, mankind 14. tea, teacher, teach, teachers
4. crest, create, creep, credit 15. moment, movement, mute, manage
5. strained, strain, shrine, strike 16. better, butter, bitter, bite
6. charm, churn, choke, chase 17. quaint, quality, quantum, quarter
7. prosper, proper, propel, property. 18. sympathy, system, symptom,
symmetry
8. adore, address, admire, admit. 19. bench, beach, beauty, beast.
9. garland, game, gamble, gambit 20. debut, debit, debris, debate
10. reason, retrace, revenge, repair 21. laminate, lamp, lamb, lament,
27. S.M.S Decoding (Normal way):
Short Message Service (S.M.S) is a communication protocol allowing the
interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices.
1. ILU-I love you17. Scl – school 35. D-the 52. B4 – before 69. Lk- look
2. S – yes 19. Hw – how 36. Dat/dt – that 53. Satdy – Saturday
3. Cnt – can not 20. 2nite – tonight 37. Dts – that is 54. Btw – between
4. C – see 21. Hmwrk-home work38. Gt- got 55. frnd – friend
5. Mr – mister 22. Pls/plz – please 39. Tst – test 56. l8 – late 70. Cl- call
6. Mrs – misters 23. K – ok 40. mrng – morning 57. frnz – friends
7. Ms – miss 24. OMG-oh my god 41. 4m – from 58. bro – brother
8. Gd/gud-good 25. Coz – cause 42. evng – evening 59. gonna – going to
9. R – are/or 26. N – and 43. b’coz/Bcz –because 60. yr – year
10. U – you 27. Str8 – straight 44. n8 – night 61.sis- sister
11. Y – why 28. 2 – to/two/too 45. 2morw- tomorrow 62. Wanna – want to
12. Msg-message 29. b’day – birth day 46. Fwd – forward 63. % - percentage
13. V – we 30. 4 – for/ four 47. tnku – thank you 64. G9t – great
14. B – be 31. Wud – would 48. Tnks/thnx –thanks 65. L8r – later
15. Bk – back 32. Wt – what 49. Y’day/S day-yesterday 66. Ppl – people
16. Jst – just 33. Wr – where 50. 2day – today 67. Zzzwel – sleep well
17. 1’s – once 34. tmrw – tomorrow 51. Aftnun-after noon 68. Gb – good bye
Decode the following sms into the sentences.
1. ‘Try it jst 1s again; he wudsA. Ans: Try it just once again; he would say.
2. Yday, I rot leaVletta 2 hm. Ans: Yesterday I wrote leave letterer to headmaster.
3. My sis gt 8T % n mats n 2 nd tst. Ans: My sister got 80% in mathematics in second test.
4. Bravo india 1 d match. Ans: Bravo India won the match.
5. W’rgunA excursion on satdy 2 historical places. Ans: We are going an excursion on
Saturday to historical places.
6. Im ill, I cnot atnd 2day’s skool so plzgivyr notesindeveng. Ans: I am ill, I cannot
attend today’s school. So please give your notes in the evening.
7. Do hmwrk quickly n zzzwel. Gudn8. Ans: Do the home work quickly and sleep well.
Good night.
8. Dis msg 4u 1ly. Ans: This message for you only.
9. V r hpy 2 c u. Ans: We are happy to see you.
10. Lk b4 u leap. Ans: look before you leap.
28. Reference Materials:
Which will provide you enough information on what you want to get that is
reference materials.
Examples:
1. Dictionary: It helps to know the meanings, spellings, pronunciations and variations
of words.
2. Encyclopedia: It gives you basic information on every subject. The information is
placed in the alphabetical order.
3. Thesaurus: It is a book of synonyms and antonyms.
4. Atlas: it is a book of maps. You can find a particular place in the world.
5. Bibliography: It is a list of reference books for more information on a subject or topic.
6. Index: A list of contents of a book/ reference material.
7. News Paper: A periodical published daily with news and happenings, notifications,
advertising and covering a day.
8. Magazines: A periodical publication containing articles, news, information,
entertainment, pass time and stories.
Publications: frequency of magazines.
a. Weekly - once in 7 days.
b. Fortnightly - once in 15 days.
c. Monthly - once in a month.
d. Bimonthly - once in 2 months.
e. Quarterly - once in three months.
 f. Half yearly - once in 6 months.
g. Annual - once in a year.
h. Biannual - once in 2 year. Etc…….
VI. Other Grammar Part
30. Figures of speech:
It is a form of expression used to convey or heighten effect. It is way of describing
things not in the ordinary way of speech but in a new remarkable manner.
1. Simile: Comparison between two objects of different kinds. It is marked by words as,like, so.
Example:
1. She walks like peacock. 4. Mercy droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven.
2. He fights like a loin. 5. She sings like a Nightingale.
3. He swims as fast as fish. 6. Poet wondered lonely as a cloud.
2. Metaphor. Comparison between unlike things, without using word such as, ‘like’ or ‘as’
Example:
1. Laugh for the time brief a thread length of a span.
2. He is a lion in the battle field.
3. Tippu is the tiger of Mysore.
4. Camel is the ship of desert.
5. Youth are the salt of the nation.
6. Sarojini Naidu is the nightingale of India.
3. Personification. Giving human like traits or characteristics to non living things.
(Inanimate objects are said to be animate objects)
Example:
1. The stone is singing.
2. God moves in a mysterious way
3. I am the land I wait.
4. Death lays his icy-hands on the king.
5. Death embraced him.
6. A chain link necklace chokes me now.
4. Alliteration: A repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of the words.
Example:
1. Sound sleep by night, study and ease.
2. I had a dove and sweet dove died.
3. Giving, giving, and giving to the very end I die.
4. She sells the sea shells on the sea shore.
5. Synecdoche: A term for a part of something that refer to the whole of something.
(Whole to part, part to whole)
Example:
1. There are hundred heads in this class.
2. Ten best brains of India works together.
3. Tell that the sculptor well those passions read.
4. Which yet survive, stamped on those lifeline things.
5. The hand that mocked them.
6. Sweet little red feet why should you die.
6. Irony: Use of a word or a phrase conveys a meaning opposite to its usual meaning.
Example:
1. Water, water everywhere, and all the boards did shrink. Water, water
everywhere or any drop to drink.
2. Operation is successful but patient is dead.
3. Love is a sweet poison.
7. Hyperbole. Over exaggeration of the statement.
Example:
1. The sage drank the ocean of water.
2. She cried and filled the dry river.
3. Ring with azure word, he stands.
4. He has tongues of the word.
5. The bag weighed a ton.
6. Sachin is the god of cricket.
31. If Clause:
Conditional sentences are also known as conditional clauses or if clauses.
Use of If clauses:
1. It is possible to fulfill conditions.
Form: If + simple present, will – future
If I find her address, I will send her an invitation
2. It is theoretically possible to fulfill conditions.
Form: If + simple past, would + infinitive
If I found her address I would send her an invitation
3. It is impossible to fulfill conditions.
Form: If + past perfect, would + have past perfect
If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Type- 1: If + the simple present tense + will / can or may / might.
4. Probable Actions in the future
1. If you leave before ten you’ll catch the train.
2. If you don’t hurry, you might miss it.
3. The bowl will break, if you drop it.
4. I can get some more milk if there is enough.
Type- 2: If + the simple past tense + would, could or might.
5. Less probable actions in the future.
1. If we saved Rs.500 We’d have enough for a holiday trip.
2. We might save enough if we worked overtime
6. Unreal actions in the present.
1. If we were rich I’d travel around the world.
2. We could buy a new car If you didn’t spend so much on clothes.
Type – 3: If + the past perfect tense + would have, could have or might have.
7. Impossible actions in the past
1. If it had rained yesterday there wouldn’t have been many people here.
2. If I hadn’t been ill I could have gone yesterday.
8. Other types of If clauses.
1) If + present tense + the imperative.
a. If it’s raining take a coat.
b. Don’t wear those shoes if you want to go for walking.
2) If + simple present tense + simple present tense.
a. If you mix blue and yellow you get green.
b. If the temperature falls below zero, water freezes.
3) If + present continuous / Present perfect tense + modal verb.
a. If you’re planning a holiday, I’ll tell you about ours.
b. If you haven’t been to Mysore you ought to go there.
4) If+ modal verb + modal verb.
a. If you can’t find your dress it might be in the cupboard.
b. Well, Suman can’t use this shirt if he won’t wash up.
5) If + will / would + modal verb.
a. If you’ll give me your address, I can send you the information.
b. If you would kindly wait a moment please, Mr. Kumar won’t be long.
6) If + should + modal verb + imperative.
a. I think it’s going to be nice but if it should rain we can have the meals inside.
Exercise:
Complete the sentence with appropriate clauses:
1. If I……….(Have + bring) my camera we……….(Will + have
take) some photographs.
2. If you ………….. (Have + go) to the station at 10.a.m you wouldn’t
……………….. (Have + miss) the train.
3. If you ………….. (Have + score) more marks, you ………. (Will + have +
get) seat in the college you wanted.
Key answers
1. Have brought, will have taken.
2. Have gone, have missed.
3. Have scored, will have got.