Global Journal of Management and Business Research

Volume 11 Issue 9 Version 1.0 September 2011

Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA)
Online ISSN: 2249-4588 & Print ISSN: 0975-5853

A Study of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Universities

Faculty in Lahore, Pakistan
By Muhammad Umair Manzoor , Muhammad Usman ,
Muhammad Akram Naseem, Malik Muhammad Shafiq
The University of Lahore
Abstract - Job is an essential part of life. Quality of life is affected if one is not satisfied with the
job. Stress on job can actually affect the efficacy & efficiency of a person. This research paper
examined the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among the faculty members of
universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Variables used to assess the level of stress and satisfaction
includes management role, workload pressure, role ambiguity, and performance pressure.
Questionnaire was used to extract the information. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.
Results concluded that employees highly satisfied with their jobs (13.5%) or who were highly
stressed on their jobs were few (2.5%); most of the employees were however averagely satisfied
on each variable used in questionnaire to assess the level of job stress and job satisfaction.

Keywords : Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, University faculty members.

GJMBR Classification: FOR Code: 150305, 150311,150312, JEL Code: M12, O15, D23

A Study of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Universities Faculty in Lahore, Pakistan

Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:

© 2011 . Muhammad Umair Manzoor , Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Akram Naseem, Malik Muhammad , Shafiq.This is a
research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 A Study of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction
among Universities Faculty in Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Umair Manzoor α , Muhammad UsmanΩ , Muhammad Akram Naseem β , Malik Muhammad
Shafiq ѱ
Abstract - Job is an essential part of life. Quality of life is the important factors which can lead to stressed job

September 2011
affected if one is not satisfied with the job. Stress on job can environment and less then 100% efficiency. This is a
actually affect the efficacy & efficiency of a person. This golden rule that until and unless input is 100% output
research paper examined the relationship between job stress
cannot be approaching 100%. Various surveys have
and job satisfaction among the faculty members of universities
been conducted nationally and internationally to assess
in Lahore, Pakistan. Variables used to assess the level of
stress and satisfaction includes management role, workload employers employee relationship, peers relationship,
pressure, role ambiguity, and performance pressure. level of job satisfaction, with the aim to increase the
Questionnaire was used to extract the information. SPSS 16.0 satisfaction at work place and improve the efficiency of 13
was used to analyze the data. Results concluded that the organization which has lead to improvement in
employees highly satisfied with their jobs (13.5%) or who were employee-employer relationship to some extent. It is

Version I
highly stressed on their jobs were few (2.5%); most of the also worth mentioning that sometimes stress from home
employees were however averagely satisfied on each variable complicate job but that phase is usually temporarily.
used in questionnaire to assess the level of job stress and job
Most of the stressors come form job environment which
satisfaction.
has impact on the job. Purpose of this study was to

IX
Keywords : Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, University
access level of job satisfaction and job stress among
faculty members.
the faculty of the universities of Lahore, Pakistan.

Volume XI Issue
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE REVIEW

J
ob is an essential part of life, where different factors
Ahsan N et al found in their study that job
affect people. Job life is one of the important parts
stress, job satisfaction and overall performance in work
of our daily lives which cause a great deal of stress
depend upon management role, work pressure and role
if employee is not satisfied with his/her job. Due to the
ambiguity (2009). Bytyqi F et el in their study examined
competitive nature of the job most of the people in the
employees’ level of work stress, job satisfaction and

Global Journal of Management and Business Research

world are doing their jobs with professional competence
organizational commitment and the impact these
ignoring the stressor which influences their work and life.
workplace dimensions have in one another and
Usually people are more worried about outcome of their
concluded high level of job satisfaction, organization
work but not consider facts that actually hinder their
commitment and work stress (2010). Khalid S and
efficiency and affect overall quality of their life.
Irshad MZ examined five components of job
Job satisfaction and stress are inter-related
satisfaction; work, pay, promotion, salary, and
things. If a person is stressed on his job and is not
recognition besides overall job satisfaction. The results
satisfied he will not be able to deliver 100% so efficiency
of their study revealed that employees of private banks
will be affected. Good organizations try that such an
were more satisfied with pay, recognition, and working
environment should be provided to their employees that
hours as compared to public sector bank employees.
they remain satisfied and unstressed with aim that their
Whereas, the employees of public sector were satisfied
organizations excel to the maximum. Those
with job security as compared to private sector bank
organizations that do not care their employees get
employees (2010)
ultimately vanished from this global market of
Ram N defined in his study that most of the
competition. There are various parameters which effect
managers who were working within the different
the employee – organization / employer relationship.
organizations were under stress. Results showed that
Job timings, work load, number of employees verses
80% of the mangers do not fully utilize their potential
load, less armamentarium, employer attitude, peers
because of the stress (2011). Jiunn-woei liana et el
attitude, pay, bonus, shares and holidays are the few of
defined the information system that MIS focused on job
stress and job satisfaction and found that Job stress
Author α : MBA, The University of Lahore was the source of burnout and turnover of IS employees
E-mail : [email protected] and there existed a negative relationship between job
Author Ω : MBA,The University of Lahore
E-mail : [email protected] stress and job satisfaction of IS employees (2007).Kerry
Author β : Assistant Professor, E-mail : [email protected] F and James W in their study adopted Sparks and
Author ѱ : E-mail : [email protected] The University of Lahore . Cooper’s job-specific model of stress and concluded

© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 A Study of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Universities Faculty in Lahore, Pakistan

that a general model of stress is unhelpful in identifying IV. METHODOLOGY

the predictors of stress and job satisfaction in specific
job contexts. Instead, the authors recommended a) Sample
identifying salient workplace dimensions rather than a The population for this study composed of
broad-brush approach when seeking workplace faculty in the universities. The target population of the
associations with stress (2002).Mrs. Vishal S analyzed study was universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Sample size
the influence of various factors leading to job stress and for the study was 155. A survey instrument in the form of
job satisfaction like advancement in technology, close ended questionnaire was developed for the
management information system and IT. Due to these purpose of collection of data for the study. A total of 155
September 2011

factors the performance of the employees was being respondents were selected as a sample of the study
affected (2011). from universities. These respondents come from the
Villanueva et el discussed the relationship various faculties in order to give better mixture about job
between the occupational stresses of employees in stress and job satisfaction. The participants were 44%
small and medium SMEs and their intention to leave the female and 56% male.
organization (2009). Nadeem, M analyzed in his study b) Instrument Development
14 that there were different factors that causes stress Instrument used in this study was composed of
among the private and public banks employees; 2 parts. The first part deals with job satisfaction and
overload, role authority, role conflict and lack of senior
Version I

second part deals with job stress. The scale which has
level support contribute more to the occupational stress. been used for the measurement of job satisfaction
Timing was the main factor because there was unlimited indicate 1 “strongly agree”, 2 “agree” , 3 “ Somewhat
off time (2001). Abdullah, Madi .Muhammad et el agree” , 4 “Somewhat Disagree” , 5 “disagree” and for
described the work dimension factors comprising pay, the measurement of job stress 1 “No Stress”, 2 “Slight
IX

working condition, co-workers, promotion, work its self Stress”, 3 “Moderate Stress” 4 “High Stress”, 5
and supervision and concluded that secondary school “Excessive Stress”
Volume XI Issue

teachers in Taiwan were generally satisfied with their job.

Graduate student were more satisfied than non V. DATE ANALYSIS
graduate students (2009).
The study was conducted on 155 university
III. OBJECTIVES employees to access their level of job satisfaction. It
was found that on the basis of variables assessed on
• To access level of job satisfaction and job stress the questionnaire most of the employees were satisfied
among the faculty members of the universities of with their jobs. However the employees who enjoy their
Global Journal of Management and Business Research

Lahore, Pakistan. jobs or who were poorly satisfied with the job
• To identify determinates of job stress environment forms statistically insignificant portion as
shown in Table No. 1.

Table 1 : Job Satisfaction Questions

Questions Job
Satisfaction
Satisfaction Demands
with Respectable
Professionalism with facilities too Much
organization’s Nature of Job
(%) / Income Physically
Management (%)
(%) and Mentally
(%)
Satisfaction (%)
Strongly Agree 6.5 31.0 9.0 19.4 21.9
Agree 40.0 38.1 20.6 52.3 30.3
Somewhat Agree 30.3 24.5 36.1 20.6 24.5
SomewhatDisagree 14.8 2.5 14.2 3.9 16.1
Disagree 8.4 3.9 20.0 3.9 7.1

It was found that on the basis of variables However the employees who enjoy their jobs (13.5%) or
assessed on the questionnaire most of the employees who were over stressed (2.5%) with the job environment
were either slightly stressed or moderately stressed and forms statistically insignificant portion as shown in Table
thus were overall satisfied with their jobs (71%). No. 2

© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 A Study of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Universities Faculty in Lahore, Pakistan

Table 2 : Job Stress

Pressure from
Questions Assess
Performance comparison
Relationship Job Level of
Evaluation by with Insufficient
with faculty Assignments Stress in
employer colleagues salary (%)
Stress (%) (%) our job
(%) performance
(%)
(%)
No Stress 30.3 28.4 34.8 38.1 15.5 13.5

September 2011
Slight Stress 34.2 25.8 24.5 35.5 23.2 38.1
Moderate Stress 27.1 31.0 26.5 18.7 26.5 32.9
High Stress 2.6 11.6 9.0 7.7 21.9 12.3
ExcessiveStress 5.8 3.2 5.2 00.0 12.9 3.2

Reliability A Theoretical Frame Work 15

The internal reliability of the item was compared Factors that affect the job satisfaction and job

Version I
by using reliability test, i.e. the data is reliable or not. The stress have been presented diagrammatically in figure
percentage reliability is .736 and this value is showing 1.
that the data is reliable.
Satisfaction with Relationship with

IX
organization’s faculty
Management

Volume XI Issue
Professionalism Performance
Evaluation by employer

Satisfaction with Comparison with

Job Satisfaction Job Stress

Global Journal of Management and Business Research

facilities / Income colleague’s
performance

Respectable Nature of Job Assignments

Job

Job Demands too Insufficient salary

much physically and
mentally Figure 1: A schematic diagram of the conceptual framework

This study infers that mutual relationship exists

between job stress and job satisfaction
Table 3 : Chi-square analysis
S.No. Variables Chi-values P-Values
1. Satisfaction with organization’s Management 19.343 .001*
2. Professionalism 6.553 .162
3. Satisfaction with facilities / Income 79.871 .000*
4. Respectable Nature of Job 32.129 .000*
5. Job Demands too Much Physically and Mentally 18.586 .001*
6. Relationship with faculty 6.007 .199
7. Performance Evaluation by employer .566 .967
8. Pressure from comparison with colleagues performance 7.246 .123
9. Job Assignments 3.312 .346
10. Insufficient salary 5.902 .207

© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 A Study of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Universities Faculty in Lahore, Pakistan

VI. DISCUSSION VII. CONCLUSION

Factors which have impact on job satisfaction It is concluded that employees highly satisfied
and job stress in university employees were tested in with their jobs (13.5%) or who were highly stressed on
155 faculty members by a set of questionnaire shown their jobs were few (2.5%).Most of the employees were
diagrammatically in Figure 1. The P values are >0.05 however averagely satisfied on each variable used in
are shown that there is significant relationships between questionnaire to assess the level of job stress and job
job stress and job satisfaction as well as the values are satisfaction.
<0.05 are showing that there is no significant
September 2011

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Version I

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Volume XI Issue

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Global Journal of Management and Business Research

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© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US)