Mobile Application Development

Week 8

0
Binding List Items (CrimeListFragment.java)
private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
private TextView mTitleTextView;
private TextView mDateTextView;

public CrimeHolder(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup parent) {

super(inflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_crime, parent, false));

mTitleTextView = (TextView)
itemView.findViewById(R.id.crime_title);
mDateTextView = (TextView)
itemView.findViewById(R.id.crime_date);
}
}

Mobile Application Instantiate the views inside the constructor

Development
Writing a bind(Crime) method
private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

private Crime mCrime;

...
public void bind(Crime crime) {

mCrime = crime;

mTitleTextView.setText(mCrime.getTitle());
mDateTextView.setText(mCrime.getDate().toString());
}
}

• Your CrimeHolder will also need a bind(Crime)

method.
• This will be called each time a new Crime should be
displayed in your CrimeHolder.
Mobile Application
• First, add bind(Crime).
Development
Calling the bind(Crime) method (CrimeListFragment.java)

private class CrimeAdapter extends

RecyclerView.Adapter<CrimeHolder> {
...
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(CrimeHolder holder, int position) {

Crime crime = mCrimes.get(position);

holder.bind(crime);
}
...
}

Mobile Application
Development
Responding to Presses
private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
implements View.OnClickListener { ...
public CrimeHolder(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup parent) {
super(inflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_crime, parent, false));
itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
...
}
...
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(),
mCrime.getTitle() + " clicked!",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
}
}
Instead, you can handle them like you normally do: by
setting an OnClickListener. Since each View has an
Mobile Application associated ViewHolder, you can make your
Development ViewHolder the OnClickListener for its View.
Modify the CrimeHolder to handle presses for the
entire row.
Setting up the singleton (CrimeLab.java)

When a user presses an item in the list of

crimes, a new CrimeActivity hosting a
CrimeFragment will appear and display
the details for that instance of Crime

In GeoQuiz, you had one activity

(QuizActivity) start another activity
(CheatActivity).

In CriminalIntent, you are going to start the

CrimeActivity from a fragment.

In particular, you will have

CrimeListFragment start an instance of
CrimeActivity.

Mobile Application
Development
Starting an Activity from a Fragment
Starting CrimeActivity (CrimeListFragment.java)
private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
implements View.OnClickListener {
...
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(),
mCrime.getTitle() + " clicked!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), CrimeActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
}

Starting an activity from a fragment works nearly

the same as starting an activity from another
activity.
Mobile Application You call the Fragment.startActivity(Intent)
Development
method, which calls the corresponding Activity
method behind the scenes.
A blank CrimeFragment

The CrimeFragment does not yet display the

data for a specific Crime, because …?

Mobile Application
Development
Putting an extra
Creating a newIntent method(CrimeActivity.java)

public class CrimeActivity extends SingleFragmentActivity {

public static final String EXTRA_CRIME_ID =
"com.bignerdranch.android.criminalinten t.crime_id";
public static Intent newIntent(Context packageContext, UUID
crimeId) {
Intent intent = new Intent(packageContext,
CrimeActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_CRIME_ID, crimeId);
return intent;
}
...
}

• After creating an explicit intent, you call putExtra(...)

and pass in a string key and the value the
key maps to (the crimeId).
Mobile Application
Development • In this case, you are calling putExtra(String, Serializable)
because UUID is a Serializable object.
Storing and passing a Crime (CrimeListFragment.java)
Now, update the CrimeHolder to use the newIntent method while
passing in the crime ID.

private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder

implements View.OnClickListener {
...
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), CrimeActivity.class);
Intent intent = CrimeActivity.newIntent(getActivity(),
mCrime.getId());
startActivity(intent);
}
}

Mobile Application
Development
Retrieving an extra
• The crime ID is now safely stashed in the intent that belongs to CrimeActivity.

• However, it is the CrimeFragment class that needs to retrieve and use that data.

• There are two ways a fragment can access data in its activity’s intent:

• an easy, direct shortcut

• and a complex, flexible implementation.

• First, you are going to try out the shortcut.

• Then you will implement the complex and flexible solution.

• In the shortcut, CrimeFragment will simply use the getActivity() method to access the
CrimeActivity’s intent directly.

• In CrimeFragment.java, retrieve the extra from CrimeActivity’s intent and use it to

fetch the Crime.

Mobile Application
Development
Retrieving the extra and fetching the Crime(CrimeFragment.java)

public class CrimeFragment extends Fragment {

...
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mCrime = new Crime();
UUID crimeId = (UUID) getActivity().getIntent()
.getSerializableExtra(CrimeActivity.EXTRA_CRIME_ID);
mCrime = CrimeLab.get(getActivity()).getCrime(crimeId);
}
...
}

Mobile Application
Development
Updating Crime Fragment’s view with Crime data
Updating view objects
(CrimeFragment.java)
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
mTitleField = (EditText)v.findViewById(R.id.crime_title);
mTitleField.setText(mCrime.getTitle());
mTitleField.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {
...
});
...
mSolvedCheckBox = (CheckBox)v.findViewById(R.id.crime_solved);
mSolvedCheckBox.setChecked(mCrime.isSolved());
mSolvedCheckBox.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new
OnCheckedChangeListener() {
...
});
...
return v;
}
Mobile Application
Development
The downside to direct retrieval
• Having the fragment access the intent that belongs to the hosting activity
makes for simple code.

• However, it costs you the encapsulation of your fragment.

• CrimeFragment is no longer a reusable building block because it expects that

it will always be hosted by an activity whose Intent defines an extra named
com.bignerdranch.android.criminalintent.crime_id.

• A better solution is to stash the crime ID someplace that belongs to

CrimeFragment rather than keeping it in CrimeActivity’s personal space.

• The CrimeFragment could then retrieve this data without relying on the
presence of a particular extra in the activity’s intent.

• The “someplace” that belongs to a fragment is known as its arguments

bundle.

Mobile Application
Development
Fragment Arguments

• Every fragment instance can have a Bundle object attached to it.

• This bundle contains key-value pairs that work just like the intent extras of an
Activity.

• Each pair is known as an argument.

• To create fragment arguments, you first create a Bundle object.

• Next, you use type-specific “put” methods of Bundle (similar to those of

Intent) to add arguments to the bundle:

Bundle args = new Bundle();

args.putSerializable(ARG_MY_OBJECT, myObject);
args.putInt(ARG_MY_INT, myInt);
args.putCharSequence(ARG_MY_STRING, myString);

Mobile Application
Development
Attaching arguments to a fragment
• To attach the arguments bundle to a fragment, you call
Fragment.setArguments(Bundle).

• Attaching arguments to a fragment must be done after the fragment is

created but before it is added to an activity.

• To hit this window, Android programmers follow a convention of adding a

static method named newInstance() to the Fragment class.

• This method creates the fragment instance and bundles up and sets its
arguments.

• When the hosting activity needs an instance of that fragment, you have it
call the newInstance(...) method rather than calling the constructor
directly.

Mobile Application
Development
Attaching arguments to a fragment
• The activity can pass in any required parameters to newInstance(...) that
the fragment needs to create its arguments.

• In CrimeFragment, write a newInstance(UUID) method that accepts a

UUID, creates an arguments bundle, creates a fragment instance, and
then attaches the arguments to the fragment.

Mobile Application
Development
Writing a newInstance(UUID) method (CrimeFragment.java)

public class CrimeFragment extends Fragment {

private static final String ARG_CRIME_ID = "crime_id";
private Crime mCrime;
private EditText mTitleField;
private Button mDateButton;
private CheckBox mSolvedCheckbox;
public static CrimeFragment newInstance(UUID crimeId) {
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putSerializable(ARG_CRIME_ID, crimeId);
CrimeFragment fragment = new CrimeFragment();
fragment.setArguments(args);
return fragment;
}
• Now, CrimeActivity should call CrimeFragment.newInstance(UUID)
... • when it needs to create a CrimeFragment.
}
• It will pass in the UUID it retrieved from its extra.

Mobile Application • Return to CrimeActivity and, in createFragment(),

Development
retrieve the extra from CrimeActivity’s intent and
pass it into CrimeFragment.newInstance(UUID).
Using newInstance(UUID) (CrimeActivity.java)
public class CrimeActivity extends SingleFragmentActivity {
public private static final String EXTRA_CRIME_ID =
"com.bignerdranch.android.criminalintent.crime_id";
...
@Override
protected Fragment createFragment() {
return new CrimeFragment();
UUID crimeId = (UUID) getIntent()
.getSerializableExtra(EXTRA_CRIME_ID);
return CrimeFragment.newInstance(crimeId);
}
}

• Notice that the need for independence does not go both ways.
• CrimeActivity has to know plenty about CrimeFragment,
including that it has a newInstance(UUID) method. This is fine.
• Hosting activities should know the specifics of how to host their
Mobile Application
fragments, but fragments should not have to know specifics
Development about their activities.
• At least, not if you want to maintain the flexibility of independent
fragments.
Retrieving arguments
Getting crime ID from the arguments (CrimeFragment.java)

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
UUID crimeId = (UUID) getActivity().getIntent()
.getSerializableExtra(CrimeActivity.EXTRA_CRIME_ID);
UUID crimeId = (UUID) getArguments().getSerializable(ARG_CRIME_ID);
mCrime = CrimeLab.get(getActivity()).getCrime(crimeId);
}

Mobile Application
Development
Reloading the List
• There is one more detail to take care of. Run CriminalIntent, press a list
item, and then modify that Crime’s details.

• These changes are saved to the model, but when you return to the list, the
RecyclerView is unchanged.

• The RecyclerView’s Adapter needs to be informed that the data has

changed (or may have changed) so that it can refetch the data and reload
the list.

• You can work with the ActivityManager’s back stack to reload the list at
the right moment.

• When CrimeListFragment starts an instance of CrimeActivity, the

CrimeActivity is put on top of the stack.

Mobile Application
Development
Reloading the List
• This pauses and stops the instance of CrimeListActivity that was initially
on top.

• When the user presses the Back button to return to the list, the
CrimeActivity is popped off the stack and destroyed. At that point, the
CrimeListActivity is started and resumed

• When the CrimeListActivity is resumed, it receives a call to onResume()

from the OS. When CrimeListActivity receives this call, its
FragmentManager calls onResume() on the fragments that the activity is
currently hosting. In this case, the only fragment is CrimeListFragment.

• In CrimeListFragment, override onResume() and trigger a call to

updateUI() to reload the list.

• Modify the updateUI() method to call notifyDataSetChanged() if the

CrimeAdapter is already set up.
Mobile Application
Development
Reloading the List
CriminalIntent’s back
stack

Mobile Application
Development
Reloading the list in onResume()
(CrimeListFragment.java)
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle
savedInstanceState) {
...
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
updateUI();
}
private void updateUI() {
CrimeLab crimeLab = CrimeLab.get(getActivity());
List<Crime> crimes = crimeLab.getCrimes();
if (mAdapter == null) {
mAdapter = new CrimeAdapter(crimes);
mCrimeRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
} else {
mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
} Mobile Application
Development
Reloading the list in onResume()
• Why override onResume() to update the RecyclerView and not onStart()?

• You cannot assume that your activity will be stopped when another activity is
in front of it. If the other activity is transparent, your activity may just be
paused. If your activity is paused and your update code is in onStart(), then
the list will not be reloaded. In general, onResume() is the safest place to take
action to update a fragment’s view.

• Run CriminalIntent. Select a crime and change its details. When you return to
the list, you will immediately see your changes.

Mobile Application
Development
Updated object diagram for CriminalIntent

Mobile Application
Development
Using ViewPager
Swiping to page through crimes

Mobile Application
Development
Updated object diagram for CriminalIntent

Mobile Application
Development
Implementing ViewPager

• create the CrimePagerActivity class

• define a view hierarchy that consists of a ViewPager

• wire up the ViewPager and its adapter in CrimePagerActivity

• modify CrimeHolder.onClick(...) to start CrimePagerActivity

instead of CrimeActivity

Mobile Application
Development
Creating CrimePagerActivity
CrimePagerActivity will be a subclass of AppCompatActivity. It will create and manage
the ViewPager.

public class CrimePagerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_crime_pager);
}
}

Mobile Application
Development
Creating CrimePagerActivity
Create a new layout file in res/layout/ and name it activity_crime_pager. Make its
root view a ViewPager and give it the attributes

You use ViewPager’s full package name when adding it to the layout file
because the ViewPager class is from the support library. Unlike Fragment,
ViewPager is only available in the support library; there is not a “standard”
ViewPager class in a later SDK.

Mobile Application
Development
ViewPager and PagerAdapter

• A ViewPager is like a RecyclerView in some ways. A RecyclerView requires

an Adapter to provide views. A ViewPager requires a PagerAdapter.

• However, the conversation between ViewPager and PagerAdapter is much

more involved than the conversation between RecyclerView and Adapter.

• Luckily, you can use FragmentStatePagerAdapter, a subclass of

PagerAdapter, to take care of many of the details.

• FragmentStatePagerAdapter will boil down the conversation to two simple

methods: getCount() and getItem(int).

• When your getItem(int) method is called for a position in your array of crimes,
it will return a CrimeFragment configured to display the crime at that position.

• In CrimePagerActivity, set the ViewPager’s pager adapter and implement its

getCount() and getItem(int) methods.
Mobile Application
Development
Setting up pager adapter (CrimePagerActivity.java)
public class CrimePagerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ViewPager mViewPager;
private List<Crime> mCrimes;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_crime_pager);

mViewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.crime_view_pager);

mCrimes = CrimeLab.get(this).getCrimes();
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
mViewPager.setAdapter(new
FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fragmentManager) {

@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {
Crime crime = mCrimes.get(position);
return CrimeFragment.newInstance(crime.getId());
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mCrimes.size();
}
});Mobile Application
} Development

}
Integrating CrimePagerActivity
public class CrimePagerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String EXTRA_CRIME_ID =
"com.bignerdranch.android.criminalintent.crime_id";

private ViewPager mViewPager;

private List<Crime> mCrimes;

public static Intent newIntent(Context packageContext, UUID

crimeId) {
Intent intent = new Intent(packageContext, CrimePagerActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_CRIME_ID, crimeId);
return intent;
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_crime_pager);
UUID crimeId = (UUID) getIntent()
.getSerializableExtra(EXTRA_CRIME_ID);
...
} Mobile Application
} Development Now you can begin the process of abandoning CrimeActivity and putting
CrimePagerActivity in its place.
Firing it up (CrimeListFragment.java)

private class CrimeHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder

implements View.OnClickListener {
...
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent intent = CrimeActivity.newIntent(getActivity(),
mCrime.getId());
Intent intent =
CrimePagerActivity.newIntent(getActivity(),
mCrime.getId()); startActivity(intent);
}
}

Mobile Application
Development
Adding CrimePager Activity to the manifest
(AndroidManifest.xml)

<manifest ...>
...
<application ...>
...
<activity
android:name=".CrimeActivity"
android:name=".CrimePagerActivity"> </activity>

Mobile Application
Development
Run CriminalIntent

• Run CriminalIntent. Press Crime #0 to view its details. Then swipe left and
right to browse the crimes. Notice that the paging is smooth and there is no
delay in loading.

• By default, ViewPager loads the item currently onscreen plus one neighboring
page in each direction so that the response to a swipe is immediate.

• You can tweak how many neighboring pages are loaded by calling
setOffscreenPageLimit(int).

• Your ViewPager is not yet perfect. Press the Back button to return to the list of
crimes and press a different item.

• You will see the first crime displayed again instead of the crime that you asked
for.

Mobile Application
Development
Run CriminalIntent

• By default, the ViewPager shows the first item in its PagerAdapter.

• You can have it show the crime that was selected by setting the ViewPager’s
current item to the index of the selected crime.

• At the end of CrimePagerActivity.onCreate(Bundle), find the index of the crime

to display by looping through and checking each crime’s ID.

• When you find the Crime instance whose mId matches the crimeId in the
intent extra, set the current item to the index of that Crime.

Mobile Application
Development
Run CriminalIntent
public class CrimePagerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
...
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
FragmentManager fragmentManager =
getSupportFragmentManager();
mViewPager.setAdapter(new
FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fragmentManager) {
...
});
for (int i = 0; i < mCrimes.size(); i++) {
if (mCrimes.get(i).getId().equals(crimeId)) {
mViewPager.setCurrentItem(i);
break;
}
}
}
} Mobile Application
Development
FragmentStatePagerAdapter vs FragmentPagerAdapter

Mobile Application
Development
Dialogs
A dialog for picking the date of a crime

Dialogs demand attention and input from

the user.

They are useful for presenting a choice or

important information.

Mobile Application
Development
Dialogs
• When Lollipop was released, dialogs were given a visual makeover.
• AlertDialogs on Lollipop automatically use this new style.
• On earlier versions of Android, AlertDialog will fall back to the older style

Mobile Application
Development