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This document defines key terms related to scientific methods and process skills. It discusses the importance of observation, classification, measurement, inference, and communication. It also outlines the steps of the scientific method, including developing a question, forming a hypothesis, experimentation, analyzing results, and drawing a conclusion.

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120 views

Summary

This document defines key terms related to scientific methods and process skills. It discusses the importance of observation, classification, measurement, inference, and communication. It also outlines the steps of the scientific method, including developing a question, forming a hypothesis, experimentation, analyzing results, and drawing a conclusion.

Uploaded by

api-350245383
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Scientific methods, process skills, and the nature science.

Definition of Key Terms:

Control - A part of the experiment that is not being tested and is used for comparison.
Variable - Any part of an experiment that can change.
Independent Variable - The part of the experiment that is changed by the scientists or person
performing the experiment.
Dependent Variable - The part of the experiment that is affected by the independent variable.
Constants – The constants in an experiment are all the factors that the experimenter attempts
to keep the same.
Analyze – Examine data collected in an experiment to determine what it means.
Conclude – Reach a decision based on the analysis of data.
Data – Information collected during an experiment.
Experiment – A test that is done to determine if a hypothesis is correct or not.
Hypothesis – Your proposed answer to the question or solution to the problem.
Inference (Infer) – Coming to a conclusion based on your existing knowledge. (Example –
seeing a student wearing a sports team jersey and concluding the student likes that team.)
Observe – Watch something carefully.
Qualitative data – Data dealing with descriptions; data is observed (colors, textures, smells,
tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.).
Quantitative data – Data which can be measured (length, height, area, volume, weight, speed,
time, temperature, etc.).
Results – Outcome of an experiment.
Tentative – Basic results that may or may not be accurate; basic results.
Variable – Something that can be changed.
Process skills:

1- Observing: This is the most basic skill in science. Observations are made by using the 5
senses. Good observations are essential in learning the other science process skills.
Examples:
- The learner will be blind folded and make observations using the sense of touch.
- The learner will create observations about a coin using the 5 senses.
- The learner will mix primary colors to create more colors.

2- Classifying: After making observations it is important to notice similarities, differences,


and group objects according to a purpose. It is important to create order to help
comprehend the number of objects, events, and living things in the world.
Examples:
- The learner will use a magnet to classify objects as magnetic or nonmagnetic.
- The learner will use a balance and sort objects according to mass.
- The learner will combine different liquids with water to determine which is more or
less dense.
3- Measuring: Measuring is important in collecting, comparing, and interpreting data. It
helps us classify and communicate with others. The metric system should be used to help
understand the scientific world.
Examples:
- The learner will find the mass of different liquids that have the same volume.
- The learner will use technology to find the speed of a toy truck.
- The learner will to measure the distance a marble travel.

4- Communicating: It is important to be able to share our experiences. This can be done


with graphs, diagrams, maps, and spoken word.
Examples:
- The learner will create a line graph showing the relationship between speed and the
mass of a marble.
- The learner will discuss possible errors with other classmates.

5- Inferring: An inference is an explanation based on an observation. It is a link between


what is observed and what is already known.
Examples:
- The learner will write a conclusion at the end of each investigation.
- The learner will create inferences about observations they made about a mystery
object. I infer it is solid rather than hollow.
Steps of the Scientific methods of research:

1- Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through


experimentation.
2- Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.
3- Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question.
Examples:
- If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.
4- Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure, and include a detailed materials list,
The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).
5- Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed, Confirm the results by
retesting, Include tables, graphs, and photographs.
6- Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis.
Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.
7- Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project to an audience.
Expect questions from the audience.

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