Scribd
Upload
35 views

AIM: To Study Different Types of Errors. Theory

1) The document discusses different types of errors that can occur in measurement: gross errors, systematic errors, and random errors. 2) Systematic errors include instrumental errors from issues with the instrument and environmental errors from external conditions. 3) Random errors cannot be corrected and occur due to unknown causes, but increasing the number of readings can reduce their effect.

Uploaded by

Priyanka Walunj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

AIM: To Study Different Types of Errors. Theory

1) The document discusses different types of errors that can occur in measurement: gross errors, systematic errors, and random errors. 2) Systematic errors include instrumental errors from issues with the instrument and environmental errors from external conditions. 3) Random errors cannot be corrected and occur due to unknown causes, but increasing the number of readings can reduce their effect.

Uploaded by

Priyanka Walunj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

AIM: To study different types of errors.

THEORY:

Study of error in the first step in finding ways and reduce that error may become
from different errors are usually classified under their mean of handling.

1) Gross error
2) Systematic error
i) Instrumental error
ii) Observational error
3) Random error

1) Gross error:
The class of this error mainly included human mistake increasing or using
instrument in reading and calculating measurement. As long as human being are
involved that complete eliminate gross error frequency communicate by using in
measurement involve the improper use of instrument.
For example – A well calibrated voltmeter may be give minimum
reading may be more depend reading. Thus volt has a load. A loading effect
down circuit. Alternating changing the original situation by measurement. Thus
difficulty can be overcome by using instrument.

2) Systematic error:
There are two types
i) Instrumental
ii) Environmental

i) Instrumental error:
These are inherent in error in instrument because of their mechanical
structure.
e.g. Arsenal moving function in ring of various moving components may opening
tension, reduction in tension give to improper handling, over loading of
instrumental error will result in error read high or low along entire scale.

Instrumental error may be avoided by


a) Selecting suitable instrument for a particular measurement application.
b) Applying correction factor after determining instrumental error.
c) Calibrate instrument against standard.

ii) Environmental error:


There are due to condition external to measuring device including
condition in area surrounding instrument such of effect in temperature, humidity,
pressure magnetic field. In order to reduce these errors are conditioning, thin
sealing components in instrument by using magnetic shield.

iii) Observational error:


These are many source of observational error.
e.g. The pointer of voltmeter rise slightly on the surface of ph scale.
These errors are called parallax error. To minimize parallax error
highly accurate meter provide with mirror scale. Since parallax error due to an
account of point by having and scale is same mirror scale.

3) Random error:
These errors are due to unknown causes and occur even one all
systematic error are taken into consider by voltmeter which read out at half
internal and through instrument is operated under ideal and has been accurate
calibration before measurement. These variation can not be corrected by reducing
these errors in reverse increasing the number of readings.

PROCEDURE:

1) Adjust the point at zero position on the indicating instrument.


2) Further adjust the +ve value again.
3) Adjust the multimeter to give different voltage of 5V, 10V & 50V.
4) Further adjust the disturb pointer.
5) Note down its connector plate.
6) Again take reading from analog multimeter.
7) Calculate error for each.

RESULT:
There is no accuracy in instrument so error are possible in our reading of a value
are equal to true value.

You might also like