A Presentation Report

on

IMPLEMENTATION OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING AT OUR COLLEGE CAMPUS

Submitted in Fulfillment of the requirement University of Mumbai
Submitted by

VARSHA MANDAVKAR(32)
SHRAVANI MULAM(33)
SNEHA NAVALE(34)

Under Guidance of

PROF.DEEPTI CHANDRAN

Third year in Computer Engineering

Department of Computer Engineering

Smt.Indira Gandhi College of Engineering
Affiliated to University of Mumbai
Mumbai(M.S.)
(2019-2020)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that presentation entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF RAIN WATER

HARVESTING AT OUR COLLEGE CAMPUS” has been carried out by under my guidance
in partial fulfillment of the third year Computer Engineering of Mumbai University , Mumbai
During the academic year 2019-2020 and successfully completed as report as prescribed by
University of Mumbai.

Name of the student Roll No.

SHRAVANI MULAM

Place: Ghansoli
Date:

PROF.DEEPTI CHANDRAN
(GUIDE)

Prof. SONALI PATIL Dr.S.S.CHAVAN

(Head of Department) (Principal)
 INDEX

1. CHAPTER 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION
A. PROBLEM STATEMENT
B. OBJECTIVE
C. SCOPE
2. CHAPTER 2
2.1. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
3. CHAPTER 3
3.1. LITERATURE ANALYSIS
A. IMPORTANCE OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING
B. ADVANTAGES
C. DESIGN CONSIDERATION
D. COM[PONENTS
4. CHAPTER 4
4.1. ANALYSIS
A. COST ANALYSIS
5. CHAPTER 5
5.1. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
6. CHAPTER 6
6.1. RESULT AND CONCLUSION

7. CHAPTER 7
7.1. REFERENCES
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The presentation report on “IMPLEMENTATION OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING AT

OUR COLLEGE CAMPUS” is outcome guidance, moral support and devotion bestowed on
me throughout my work. For this acknowledgement and express my profound sense of gratitude
and thanks to everybody who have been a source of inspiration during the seminar preparation.

First and foremost I offer sincere phrases of thanks with innate humility to Mrs. Deepti Chandran
of Smt.Indira Gandhi College of Engineering and guidance of my seminar for providing help
whenever needed.

If I can say in words I must at the outset our intimacy for receipt of affectionate care to
Smt.Indira Gandhi College of Engineering for providing such a simulating atmosphere and
wonderful work environment.
 ABSTRACT

Water scarcity is serious problem throughout the world for both urban & rural community.
Urbanization, industrial development & increase in agricultural field & production have resulted
in overexploitation of groundwater & surface water resources and resultant deterioration in water
quality. The conventional water sources namely well, river and reservoirs, etc. are inadequate to
fulfill water demand due to unbalanced rainfall .While the rainwater harvesting system
investigate a new water source. The aim of the present study is to use rainwater and thus taking
close to the concept of nature conservation.

Over the years, the rising population, growing industries and expanding agricultural practices
have raise the demand of water supply. Monsoon is still the main hope and source of our
agriculture. Hence water conservation had become need of the time. Rainwater harvesting is a
way to capture the rainwater at the time of downpour, store that water above the ground or
charge the underground water and use it later. As the groundwater resources are depleting, the
rainwater harvesting is the only way to solve the water problem. Rainwater harvesting will not
only be helpful to meet the demand of water supply but also be helpful to improve the quantity
and quality of water. Here, in this paper our focus is to design a tank to store rainwater from
rooftop of the building to cater the need of water requirement for Smt.Indira Gandhi College of
Engineering.

The harvesting of rainwater simply involves the collection of water from surfaces on which rain
falls, and subsequently storing this water for later use. Normally water is collected from the roofs
of buildings and stored in rainwater tanks. This is very common in rural Australia. Water can
also be collected in dams from rain falling on the ground and producing runoff.

Harvesting Rainwater for saving drinking water has gained enormously in significance as
modern water saving sanitary technique. This can be used for private and public buildings as
well as for many industrial areas. Beyond that rainwater harvesting plays an important role for
the rainwater (stormwater) management of housing estates. Due to the storage (retention) and the
usage of rainwater the water flowing off housing estates in both reduced and delayed.
 INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT

The availability of clean, safe and sufficient amount of water to the daily activities of human
being is very crucial. Water plays an important role in transforming or changing the lives of
people to better and healthier one. Access to sufficient amount of water is a major problem to
most people living in rural and urban areas. The aim of this research is to contributing ideas and
knowledge on harvesting rain water so as to compliment the deficiency of water need faced in 4
the Arusha region. This can be supported by the report from the Arusha urban water supply and
sewerage authority (AUWSA) that there is need for additional water sources to ensure adequate
supply throughout the year including during dry seasons.

One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century is to overcome the growing water shortage.
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has thus regained its importance as a valuable alternative or
supplementary water resource, along with more conventional water supply technologies. Water
shortages can be relieved if rainwater harvesting is practiced more widely. People collect and
store rainwater in buckets, tanks, ponds and wells. This is commonly referred to as rainwater
harvesting and has been practiced for centuries. Rainwater can be used for multiple purposes
ranging from irrigating crops to washing, cooking and drinking. Rainwater harvesting is a simple
low-cost technique that requires minimum specific expertise or knowledge and offers many
benefits. Rainwater harvesting is one of the alternative technology for delivering drinking water.
In fact, through the ages, this has been a traditional way of enhancing domestic water supply.
Rainwater harvesting systems are viable options both for storing water for domestic use and for
recharging groundwater aquifers.

Water conservation has become the need of the day. Rainwater harvesting is a way to capture the
rainwater at the time of downpour, store that water above the ground or charge the underground
water and use it later. This happens in open areas as well as in congested cities through the
installation of required equipment. The collection and storage of rainwater from run-off areas
such as roofs and other surfaces has been practiced since ancient times in India. It is particularly
useful where water supply is inadequate.
Objectives of Rainwater Harvesting
This project is carried out to cater the need of the Indira Gandhi Smt.College of Engineering.
This project will not only be helpful to fulfill the need of water supply to our college but also to
provide water to faculty residing in the Campus.

The increased need for water may result in lowering the groundwater table and depleted
reservoirs. Hence the use of rainwater will be a useful alternative to provide continuous water
supply for our students and laboratories.

The water stored from the rainwater will also be of good quality i. e. free from impurities which
might be there in groundwater.

Keeping in mind the (i) increasing water demands, (ii) quality of water supply, (iii) variations in
water availability and (iii) advantages of collection and storage of rainwater near the place of use
etc, it was planned to design the rain water harvesting system for the College of Engineering.

The main objectives are:

1. To meet the increasing demand of water.

2. To reduce the run-off which chokes the drains?

3. To avoid the flooding of roads.

4. To raise the underground water table.

5. To reduce groundwater pollution.

6. To reduce soils erosion.

7. Supplement domestic water needs.

SCOPE OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

Scope of rainwater harvesting depends not only on the quantity of rainfall but also on the texture
of soil, geomorphology, geo-hydrology, drainage characteristics, storage structures, demand of
water and community awareness. In the arid and semi-arid areas, which encompass major parts
of the world including the 261 study area, due to meagerness of rainfall, rainwater harvesting has
become an inevitable exercise. As a result, in these areas rainwater harvesting is a foreseeable
strategy for meeting the water demands.

Rainwater harvesting is used in many ways in different parts of the world. In some areas it is
used to merely to capture maximum water during the rainy season, these areas have adequate
quantity of surplus water and a large quantity drains out as a waste. On the other hand, in arid
and semi- arid areas rainfall is scant and main concern is how to manage this little quantity of
water for the subsequent dry seasons. Rainwater harvesting is the only answer in the absence of
other perennial sources of water.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

For pump:

1) 7.5 hp submersible pipe

2) Waterproof cable of 55m
3) 3pole dp of 64 Ampere
4) Starter star delta connection
5) 64 Ampere main switch
6) Internal pole wiring 4mm diameter

For Outer Pipeline:

1)Galvanized pipe 100 foot 2inch diameter

2)Non return valve 2inch
3) Flange
4)2inch Union 3
5)Gate Wall 2inch
For inner pipeline:

1)PVC pipe of 1 inch 600 foot

2)Other material like bend ,elbow ,union, socket , NRV
3)Valve
LITERATURE ANALYSIS

 Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting means the activity of direct collection of rain water which can be recharged
in to the ground water to prevent fall of ground water level or storing in surface or underground
water tank. It is most suited in today’s context due to following reasons.

• It is the most scientific and cost effective way of recharging the ground water and reviving the
water table.

• It offers advantage in water quality for both irrigation and domestic use.

• It provides naturally soft water and contains almost no dissolved minerals or salts, arsenic and
other heavy metals.

• It can be done at individual as well as in a community level. This way we can be self sufficient
in terms of domestic water requirements and not just dependent on the actions initiated by
government or any other local body.

Rain is a primary source of water for all of us. There are two main techniques of rainwater
harvesting:

• Storage of rainwater on surface for future use.

• Recharge to groundwater.

• Directly collected rainwater can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the
groundwater.

Water harvesting is the deliberate collection and storage of rainwater that runs off on natural or
manmade catchment areas. Catchment includes rooftops, compounds, rocky surface or hill slopes
or artificially prepared impervious/ semi-pervious land surface .The amount of water harvested
depends on the frequency and intensity of rainfall, catchment characteristics, water demands and
how much runoff occurs and how quickly or how easy it is for the water to infiltrate through the
subsoil and percolate down to recharge the aquifers. Moreover, in urban areas, adequate space
for surface storage is not available, water levels are deep enough to accommodate additional
rainwater to recharge the aquifers, rooftop and runoff rainwater harvesting is ideal solution to
solve the water supply problems.
 Advantages of RWH

• To meet the ever increasing demand for water. Water harvesting to recharge the groundwater
enhances the availability of groundwater at specific place and time and thus assures a continuous
and reliable access to groundwater.

• To reduce the runoff which chokes storm drains and to avoid flooding of roads.

• To reduce groundwater pollution and to improve the quality of groundwater through dilution
when recharged to groundwater thereby providing high quality water, soft and low in minerals. •
Provides self-sufficiency to your water supply and to supplement domestic water requirement
during summer and drought conditions.

• It reduces the rate of power consumption for pumping of groundwater. For every 1 m rise in
water level, there is a saving of 0.4 KWH of electricity.

• Reduces soil erosion in urban areas.

• The rooftop rainwater harvesting is less expensive, easy to construct, operate and maintain.

• In saline or coastal areas, rainwater provides good quality water and when recharged to ground
water, it reduces salinity and helps in maintaining balance between the fresh saline water
interfaces.

• In Islands, due to limited extent of fresh water aquifers, rainwater harvesting is the most
preferred source of water for domestic use.

• In desert, where rainfall is low, rainwater harvesting has been providing relief to people.

 Design Consideration for RWH

Three most important components, which need to be evaluated for designing the rainwater
harvesting structure, are:

• Hydrogeology of the area including nature and extent of aquifer, soil cover, topography, depth
to water levels and chemical quality of ground water

• Area contributing for runoff i.e. how much area and land use pattern, whether industrial,
residential or green belts and general built up pattern of the area

• Hydro-meteorological characters like rainfall duration, general pattern and intensity of rainfall.
 Components of RWH

1) Catchments:

The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which directly receives the rainfall
and provides water to the system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or courtyard of a building,
or an unpaved area like a lawn or open ground. A roof made of reinforced cement concrete
(RCC), galvanized iron or corrugated sheets can also be used for water harvesting.

2) Coarse Mesh:

This is placed at the roof to prevent the passage of debris.

3) Gutters:

These are channels all around the edge of a sloping roof to collect and transport rainwater to the
storage tank. Gutters can be semi-circular or rectangular and could be made using:

• Locally available material such as plain galvanized iron sheet (20 to 22 gauge), folded to
required shapes.

• Semi-circular gutters of PVC material can be readily prepared by cutting those pipes into two
equal semi-circular channels.

• Bamboo or betel trunks cut vertically in half.

The size of the gutter should be according to the flow during the highest intensity rain. It is
advisable to make them 10 to 15 per cent oversize. Gutters need to be supported so they do not
sag or fall off when loaded with water. The way in which gutters are fixed depends on the
construction of the house; it is possible to fix iron or timber brackets into the walls, but for
houses having wider eaves, some method of attachment to the rafters is necessary.

4) Conduits:

Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater from the catchment or rooftop area to the
harvesting system. Conduits can be of any material like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or galvanized
iron (GI), materials that are commonly available.

5) First-Flushing :

A first flush device is a valve that ensures that runoff from the first spell of rain is flushed out
and does not enter the system. This needs to be done since the first spell of rain carries a
relatively larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchment surface.
6) Filter:

The filter is used to remove suspended pollutants from rainwater collected over roof. A filter
unit is a chamber filled with filtering media such as fibre, coarse sand and gravel layers to
remove debris and dirt from water before it enters the storage tank or recharges structure.
Charcoal can be added for additional filtration.

 Charcoal water filter:

A simple charcoal filter can be made in a drum or an earthen pot. The filter is made of gravel,
sand and charcoal, all of which are easily available.

 Sand filters:

Sand filters have commonly available sand as filter media. Sand filters are easy and inexpensive
to construct. These filters can be employed for treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity
(suspended particles like silt and clay), color and microorganisms. In a simple sand filter that can
be constructed domestically, the top layer comprises coarse sand followed by a 5-10 mm layer of
gravel followed by another 5-25 cm layer of gravel and boulders.
ANALYSIS

COST ANALYSIS:

We require two tank one is to store all rainwater and another is to store water as per needed.

To store all the rainwater we have to build tank which outside of college and to construct the
tank of 17, 76,000 liter cost of Rs.3,50,000.

The cost of two tank which is build on terrace each of 5,000 liter is Rs.20,000 of company
Hindustan ,Jindal.

Cost of pump:-

Material Cost(Rs.)
7.5 hp submersible pipe Rs.60,000
Waterproof cable of 55m Rs.1,650

3pole dp of 64 Ampere Rs.3,000

Starter star delta connection Rs.4,500

64 Ampere main switch Rs.1,000

Internal pole wiring 4mm diameter Rs.500

Total : Rs.70,650

Cost of Outer Pipeline:-

Material Cost(Rs.)
Galvanized pipe 100 foot 2inch Rs.20,000
diameter
Non return valve 2inch Rs.3,000
2 Flange Rs.200
2inch Union 3 Rs.600
Gate Wall 2inch Rs.800
Total: Rs.24,600
Cost of inner pipeline:-

Material Cost(Rs.)
PVC pipe of 1 inch 600 foot Rs.24,000
Other material like bend ,elbow ,union, socket , NRV Rs.9000
Valve Rs.300
Total: Rs.36,000

Labor Charge:-

Cost of all over labor charge is Rs.25, 000

All Over Cost=

Cost of Outer Tank+ Cost of Upper Tank+ Cost of Outer pipeline+ Cost of inner pipeline+ Cost
of pump+ Cost of labor charge

=Rs.3, 50,000+ Rs.20, 000 + Rs.70, 650 + Rs.24, 600+ Rs.36,000 +Rs.25,000

=Rs.5, 26,250
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

FOR CATCHMENT AREA:

Total area of SMT. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering (A) = 13999.81sq.m

Average annual rain fall (R) =2760mm

=2.76m

As per manual of artificial recharge of ground water, Government of India Ministry of

Water Resource Central Ground Water Board.

Runoff Coefficients of Different Surfaces:-

DIFFERENT SURFACES RUNOFF COEFFICIENT (K)

Roof Conventional 0.7-0.8
Roof Inclined 0.85-0.95
Concrete /Kota paving 0.6-0.7
Gravel 0.5-0.7
Brick Paving 0.7

Runoff co-efficient for a flat terrace (C) = 0.60

Rain Water harvesting potential = Amount of Rainfall * Area of catchment * Runoff

coefficient.

Annual water harvesting potential through total terrace = A * R * C

= 4000 * 0.740 * 0.60
=1,776Cubic meter
= 17, 76,000 lit.

In our college we are having 4 tanks each of 20 lakh liters.

So to store 17, 76,000 lit. We will require 2 tanks.

Cost of 20 lakh liter is Rs50, 000

So cost of 2 tanks will be Rs.1, 00,000

As per the bill of Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation the cost of 649 Cubic meter water is
Rs.7139 so the cost we save on 1,776Cubic meter is Rs.35, 000.
Use of water in our college per day is = 10,000 liter.

So we can use this water for almost 10 months.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION

RESULT:

1. Annual water harvesting is 17, 76,000 lit.

2. overall cost needed for implementing RAIN WATER HARVESTING at our college campus is
Rs.5, 26,250.

CONCLUSION:

This paper dealt with all aspect of improving the water scarcity problem in the SIGCE campus
by implementing ancient old technique of rainwater Harvesting. Two alternatives have been
suggested for tank design, which takes separate approaches towards the consumption of
harvested rainwater. We can draw out a conclusion that a huge amount of water got collected
from the rooftop surfaces of all the entire buildings. And if, this project is being done seriously
and implemented to the campus then it has a huge harvesting potential. This reservoir should
have to build for the storage of 9942.1 m3 of water. Hence this tank has huge capacity of getting
rainwater and on proper storage, this tank can supply almost throughout the year for about 300
consumers having a consuming rate of 100liter/day as calculated by rational depletion method.
The water has almost the potential amount of tank.

It is concluded that RCC tank which is to be constructed should be an underground one, so that
upper surface of the tank can be utilized economically for any land purpose such as playground
or cycle stands or any such small structure.

Cost analysis has been done for all the tanks. And it was concluded that cost of construction was
not so high, if it is compared with problems which are faced by the students and staffs inside the
campus due to huge water scarcity. The other component of the harvesting systems such as
Guttering, First-Flush, and Filtration mechanism have also been reviewed and designed for the
hostels and all other building in details.

Hence it was finally concluded that implementation of RAINWATER HARVESTING

PROJECT to the campus of SIGCE will be the best approach to fight with present scenario of
water scarcity in all aspects, whether it is from financial point of view or from optimum
utilization of land surface. Therefore, water is highly a precious natural resource which is always
in high demand in the campus of SIGCE and thus, RAINWATER HARVESTING SIGCE
campus is highly recommended.
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