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CJKJ

The document discusses the design and behavior of reinforced earth retaining walls. It covers three parts: internal stability, external stability, and miscellaneous considerations. Internal stability addresses lift thickness, fabric length, and overlap. External stability checks for overturning, sliding, and foundation failure. The document also describes internal failure modes like geosynthetic rupture and pullout. It provides the design methodology and outlines the steps to size structures and design reinforced earth walls without surcharge by checking stability, geosynthetic requirements, and settlements.

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87 views

CJKJ

The document discusses the design and behavior of reinforced earth retaining walls. It covers three parts: internal stability, external stability, and miscellaneous considerations. Internal stability addresses lift thickness, fabric length, and overlap. External stability checks for overturning, sliding, and foundation failure. The document also describes internal failure modes like geosynthetic rupture and pullout. It provides the design methodology and outlines the steps to size structures and design reinforced earth walls without surcharge by checking stability, geosynthetic requirements, and settlements.

Uploaded by

krupa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

DESIGN AND BEHAVIOUR OF

REINFORCED EARTH WALL

LECTURE -6

Faculty: Prof. Samirsinh.P.Parmar


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Department of Civil Engineering
Faculty of Technology,
Dharmasinh Desai University,
Nadiad
Mail Add: [email protected]
DESIGN OF REINFORCED EARTH RETAINING
WALLS

 Divided in three parts:


 Internal Stability is first addressed to determine lift
thickness, fabric length and overlap.
 External Stability against overturning, sliding and
foundation failure is verified.
 Miscellaneous considerations, including wall facing
details.

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BEHAVIOUR OF RE WALL: INTERNAL FAILURE MODE

Internal failure modes of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls:


(a) geosynthetic rupture;
(b) geosynthetic pullout; 3
(c) connection (and/or facing elements) failure.
INTERNAL STABILITY:

 It cover internal mechanism ( tension and pull out


failure) such as shear within the structure , arrangement
and behavior of the reinforcement and backfill. It checks
the stability for each reinforcement layers and stability of
wedges within the reinforced fill

4
BEHAVIOUR OF RE WALL:
EXTERNAL FAILURE MODE

External failure modes of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls:


(a) sliding;
(b) overturning;
(c) load-bearing capacity failure;
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(d) deep-seated slope failure.
EXTERNAL STABILITY :

It consider the reinforced


structure as whole and
check the stability for
sliding, overturning,
bearing/tilt and slip as
shown in

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INTERNAL STABILITY :

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(a) Geosynthetic-reinforced retaining wall without surcharge and live load
INTERNAL STABILITY :

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(b) Geosynthetic reinforced retaining wall with surcharge and live load
LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION

(c) lateral earth pressure distribution.

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DESIGN METHODOLOGIES OF RE WALL

1. Design-by-experience.
2. Design-by-cost-and-availability.
3. Design-by-specification.
4. Design-by-function.

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DESIGN-BY-FUNCTION
 This method consists of the following steps:
a) Assessing the particular application, define the primary
function of the geosynthetic, which can be reinforcement,
separation, filtration, drainage, fluid barrier or protection.
b) Make the inventory of loads and constraints imposed by the
application.
c) Define the design life of the geosynthetic.
d) Calculate, estimate or otherwise determine the required
functional property of the geosynthetic (e.g. strength,
permittivity, transmissivity, etc.) for the primary function.
e) Test for or otherwise obtain the allowable property (available
property at the end of the design life) of the geosynthetic.
f) Calculate the factor of safety, FS, using Equation
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g) If this factor of safety is not acceptable, check into
geosynthetics with more appropriate properties.
h) If acceptable, check if any other function of the
geosynthetic is also critical, and repeat the above steps.
i) If several geosynthetics are found to meet the required
factor of safety, select the geosynthetic on the basis of
cost–benefit ratio, including the value of available
experience and product documentation.

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GEOSYNTHETIC FAILURE MECHANISMS

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DESIGN PRINCIPLE

 Working stress design approach


 Limit state design approach

- Ultimate limit state


- Serviceability limit states

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ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

 Associate with collapse or other similar forms of


structure failure.
 Margins of safety against attaining limit state of
collapse is provided by use of partial material factor
and partial load factor.
 Disturbing forces are increased by multiplying by
prescribed load factor to produce design loads.
 Restoring forces are reduced by dividing by
prescribed by factor to produce design strength.

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SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

 Serviceability limit states are attained if the


magnitudes of deformation occurring within the
deigns life exceed prescribed limits.

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SERVICE LIFE

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THE DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR GEOSYNTHETIC-
REINFORCED RETAINING WALLS
WITH WRAPAROUND VERTICAL FACE AND WITHOUT ANY SURCHARGE IS GIVEN IN
THE FOLLOWING STEPS:

 Step 1: Establish wall height (H).


 Step 2: Determine the properties of granular backfill soil,
such as unit weight (γb) and angle of shearing resistance
(Φb)
 Step 3: Determine the properties of foundation soil, such
as unit weight (γ) and shear strength parameters (c and
Φ)
 Step 4: Determine the angle of shearing resistance of the
soil–geosynthetic interface (Φr)
 Step 5: Estimate the Rankine earth pressure coefficient
from Equation (5.7). 18
DESIGN PROCEDURE CONT....

 Step 6: Select a geotextile that has allowable fabric


strength of σG.
 Step 7: Determine the vertical spacing of the geotextile
layers at various levels from Equation (5.9).

 Step 8: Determine the length of geotextile layer, l, at


various levels from Equation (5.13).

 Step 9: Determine the lap length, ll, at any depth z from


Equation (5.14).
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DESIGN PROCEDURE CONT....

 Step 10: Check the factors of safety against


 External stability including sliding, overturning,

load-bearing capacity failure and deep-seated


slope failure as carried out for conventional
retaining wall designs.
 Assuming that the geotextile-reinforced soil mass
acts as a rigid body in spite of the fact that it is
really quite flexible.
 The minimum values of factors of safety against
sliding, overturning, load bearing failure and deep-
seated failure are generally taken to be 1.5, 2.0, 2.0
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and 1.5, respectively.
DESIGN PROCEDURE CONT....

 Step 11: Check the requirements for backfill


drainage and surface runoff control.
 Step 12: Check both total and differential
settlements of the retaining wall along the wall

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RETAINING WALL BACKFILL
(AFTER NCMA, 1997)

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INITIAL SIZING OF STRUCTURES

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DIMENSIONS OF WALL AND ABUTMENTS

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DESIGN BY FUNCTION

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Typical allowable (or test) value and required (design) value of a functional
property as a function of time: Technical Handbook: Geosynthetic.
TYPICAL LOAD-SETTLEMENT CURVES FOR A SOIL
WITH AND WITHOUT REINFORCEMENT

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 Height of the retaining wall, H 8 m
 For the granular backfill

 Unit weight, γb = 17 kN/m3

 Angle of internal friction, Φb =35

 Allowable strength of geotextile, σG = 20 kN/m

 Factor of safety against geotextile rupture 1.5

 Factor of safety against geotextile pullout 1.5

 Calculate the length of the geotextile layers,


spacing of layers and lap lengths at depth
 z 2 m, 4 m, and 8 m.
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