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SECTION 233116 - NONMETAL DUCTS Updated 6/2019

This Section may be edited and revised by inserting or deleting text to meet requirements
specific to your project. The Document is provided in a modified format.

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Fiberglass ducts and fittings.

2. Thermoset FRP ducts and fittings.
3. PVC ducts and fittings.

B. Related Sections:

1. Section 230593 "Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing for HVAC" for testing, adjusting, and
balancing requirements for nonmetal ducts.
2. Section 233113 "Metal Ducts" for single and double wall, rectangular and round ducts.
3. Section 233119 "HVAC Casings" for factory and field fabricated casings for mechanical
equipment.
4. Section 233300 "Air Duct Accessories" for dampers, duct mounting access doors and
panels, turning vanes, and flexible ducts.

1.3 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. ASTM International (ASTM).

B. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE).

C. North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA).

D. "National Commercial & Industrial Insulation Standards" – MICA Manual.

E. Thermal Insulation Association of Canada (TIAC).

F. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

G. Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc. (SMACNA).

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H. Underwriter's Laboratories (UL).

I. Underwriter's Laboratories Environment (UL Environment).

J. UL 2824 – GREENGUARD Certification Program Method for Measuring Microbial

Resistance From Various Sources Using Static Environmental Chambers.

K. ASHRAE 189.1 – “Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings Except
Low-Rise Residential Buildings”.

L. California Department of Public Health - "Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of
Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers".
Formaldehyde emissions shall not exceed 16.5 mcg/cu. m or 13.5 ppb, whichever is less, except
for insulation manufactured without formaldehyde.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Thermal Conductivity (K value): Heat flow property of a homogeneous material; the lower the
“k” the better the insulating value. Expressed in units of Btu-inch/hour per square foot per
degree F.

B. Underwriters Laboratories Environment (UL Environment): independent, third-party green

claims validation, product assessment and certification.

1. Environmental Claim Validation (ECV): Independent third-party review to single

attribute environmental claims.

a. Formaldehyde Free: Independent third-party validation of claim that a product does

not contain formaldehyde (or formaldehyde precursors) using a combination of
auditing raw material input and testing of chemical emission from the product.
b. Recycled Content:

1. Pre-Consumer - materials used or created from one manufacturing process

which are collected as scrap and placed back into another manufacturing
process rather than being placed in a landfill or incinerated.
2. Post-Consumer - materials such as bottled glass collected at curbside or other
collection sites after consumer use.

2. GREENGUARD Certification: Health based emission testing criteria for chemicals;

requiring total VOC emission levels for products.
3. GREENGUARD Gold: Emission testing criteria for chemicals requiring lower total VOC
emission limit levels for products acceptable for use in environments such as schools and
healthcare facilities. Complies with California’s Department of Public Health (CDPH)
“Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical
Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers”; Version 1.1 (2010),
also known as California Section 01350 .
4. Environmental Product Declaration (EPD): Independently verified and registered
document providing information about the life-cycle impact of products

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C. Health Product Declaration (HPD): Product disclosure document containing an inventory of

the contents of a product for its end use and the associated health hazards.

D. EPA: Environmental Protection Agency.

E. WHO: World Health Organization.

F. NIA – National Insulation Association - Thermal Insulation Certified Inspector Program: a

recommended certified mechanical insulation inspector program that utilizes inspectors who
maintain current certification by NIA to inspect and verify the materials used are, and the total
insulation system has been, installed correctly in accordance with the Specifications;
throughout the project.

G. ILFI: International Living Institute; an international sustainable building certification program.

1. DECLARE: Ingredients label for Building Products

a. Red List Free: 100% ingredients disclosure to 100 ppm to not contain any Red
List chemicals of concern.
b. LBC Red List Compliant: Ingredients disclosure to meet 99% of Red List
chemicals at 100 ppm and may contain one or more exceptions for meeting
Living Building Challenge (LBC) criteria.
c. Declared: 100% ingredients disclosure to 100 ppm, but contains one or more Red
List chemicals that are covered by an existing exception

H. LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, a voluntary rating system for high
performance green buildings developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC).

I. Sustainable Minds (SM) Transparency Catalog: Designed as an educational marketing platform

to provide access to products with environmental and material disclosures that qualify for
Collaborative for High Performance Schools, LEED v4, Green Globes, the Well Building
Standard and the Living Building Challenge -– from all manufacturers, all program operators
and all material disclosure rating systems. Available at:
www.transparencycatalog.com/showroom/knauf-insulation.

J. EUCEB: The European Certification Board for Mineral Wool Products, a voluntary
certification of the conformity to meet the bio-solubility criteria of mineral wool fibers.

K. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) such as Penta-BDE, Octa-BDE or Deca-BDE fire

retardants: used in the manufacture of some insulation facings.

L. UL Classified: Underwriters Laboratory product label of fire resistance testing that includes
on-going evaluation of the product to assure it continues to meet the Fire Hazard Classification
(FHC) 25 Flame Spread; 50 Smoke Developed rating; unlike other FHC testing which is a
one-time only test.

M. FSK: Foil Scrim Kraft; jacketing.

N. PVC: Poly Vinyl Chloride.

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1.5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Delegated Duct Design: Duct construction, including duct closure, reinforcements, and
hangers and supports, shall comply with SMACNA's "Fibrous Glass Duct Construction
Standards" and performance requirements and design criteria indicated.

1. Static Pressure Classes:

a. Supply Ducts (except in Mechanical Rooms): [1 inch wg (250 Pa)]

<Insert value>.
b. Supply Ducts (Upstream from Air Terminal Units): [2 inch wg (500 Pa)]
<Insert value>.
c. Supply Ducts (Downstream from Air Terminal Units): [1 inch wg (250 Pa)]
<Insert value>.
d. Supply Ducts (in Mechanical Equipment Rooms): [2 inch wg (500 Pa)]
<Insert value>.
e. Return Ducts (Negative Pressure): [1 inch wg (250 Pa)] <Insert value>.
f. Exhaust Ducts (Negative Pressure): [1 inch wg (250 Pa)] <Insert value>.
g. <Insert duct systems and static pressure class>.

B. Structural Performance: Duct hangers and supports [and seismic restraints] shall withstand
the effects of gravity [and seismic] loads and stresses within limits and under conditions to
comply with [ASCE/SEI 7.] [SMACNA's "Seismic Restraint Manual: Guidelines for
Mechanical Systems"] <Insert document.>

1. Seismic Hazard Level A: Seismic force to weight ratio, 0.48.

2. Seismic Hazard Level B: Seismic force to weight ratio, 0.30.
3. Seismic Hazard Level C: Seismic force to weight ratio, 0.15.

C. Airstream Surfaces: Surfaces in contact with the airstream shall comply with requirements in
ASHRAE 62.1.

1.6 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of the following products:

1. Fiberglass duct materials.

2. Thermoset FRP duct materials.
3. PVC duct materials.

B. EPD or HPD Submittals: Third Party Validated.

C. Sustainable Design Submittals:

1. Product Data: For recycled content, indicating postconsumer and pre-consumer recycled
content and cost.
2. Product Data: For adhesives, indicating VOC content.
3. Laboratory Certificates or Validations: For adhesives, indicating compliance with
requirements for low-emitting materials.

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4. Laboratory Certificates or Validations: For insulation, indicating compliance with

requirements for low-emitting materials.

D. LEED v 4 Submittals:

1. Product Data for Credit Energy and Atmosphere (EA) – Minimum Energy Performance,
Optimize Energy Performance.
2. Product Data for Credit Materials and Resources (MR) – Building Product Disclosure &
Optimization – EPD, Building Product Disclosure & Optimization – Source of Raw
Materials, Building Product Disclosure & Optimization – Material Ingredients.
3. Product Data for Credit Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) – Minimum Indoor Quality
Performance, Minimum Acoustic Performance, Low Emitting Materials.

E. Shop Drawings:

1. Fabrication, assembly, and installation, including plans, elevations, sections, components,

and attachments to other work.
2. Duct layout indicating sizes and pressure classes.
3. Elevation of top of ducts.
4. Dimensions of main duct runs from building grid lines.
5. Fittings.
6. Reinforcement and spacing.
7. Seam and joint construction.
8. Penetrations through fire rated and other partitions.
9. Equipment installation based on equipment being used on Project.
10. Hangers and supports, including methods for duct and building attachment
[seismic restraints] and vibration isolation.

F. Delegated Design Submittal:

1. Duct materials and thicknesses.

2. Joint and seam construction and sealing.
3. Reinforcement details and spacing.
4. Design Calculations: Calculations [including analysis data signed and sealed by the
qualified professional engineer responsible for their preparation] for selecting
hangers and supports [and seismic restraints].

1.7 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Coordination Drawings: Plans, drawn to scale, on which the following items are shown and
coordinated with each other, using input from installers of the items involved:

1. Duct installation in congested spaces, indicating coordination with general construction,

building components, and other building services. Indicate proposed changes to duct
layout.
2. Suspended ceiling components.
3. Structural members to which duct will be attached.
4. Size and location of initial access modules for acoustical tile.
5. Penetrations of smoke barriers and fire rated construction.
6. Items penetrating finished ceiling including the following:

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a. Lighting fixtures.
b. Air outlets and inlets.
c. Speakers.
d. Sprinklers.
e. Access panels.
f. Perimeter moldings.
g. <Insert item>.

B. Welding certificates.

C. Field quality control reports.

1.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Welding Qualifications: Qualify procedures and personnel according to [AWS D1.1/D1.1M,

"Structural Welding Code - Steel", for hangers and supports] [AWS D1.2/D1.2M,
"Structural Welding Code - Aluminum", for aluminum supports].

B. Welding Qualifications: Qualify procedures and personnel according to the following:

1. AWS D1.1/D1.1M, "Structural Welding Code - Steel", for hangers and supports.
2. AWS D1.2/D1.2M, "Structural Welding Code - Aluminum", for aluminum supports.

C. ASHRAE Compliance: Applicable requirements in ASHRAE 62.1, Section 5 - "Systems and

Equipment" and Section 7 - "Construction and System Start-up".

D. ASHRAE/IESNA Compliance: Applicable requirements in ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1,

Section 6.4.4 - "HVAC System Construction and Insulation".

E. NFPA Compliance:

1. NFPA 90A, "Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems".

2. NFPA 90B, "Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems".

F. Knauf Insulation recommends the use of the NIA – National Insulation Association, Thermal
Insulation Certified Inspector Program (as defined in 1.4 F – above).

G. Bio-Based Binder: a plant based sustainable chemistry bond that holds the fiberglass product
together; replacing the phenol/formaldehyde (PF) binder traditionally used in fiberglass
products.

H. Surface Burning Characteristics: For insulation and related materials, UL/ULC Classified per
UL 723 or meeting ASTM E 84, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction. Factory label insulation and jacket materials and adhesive, mastic, tapes, and
cement material containers, with appropriate markings of applicable testing agency.

1. Insulation Installed Indoors: Flame spread index of 25 or less, and smoke developed
index of 50 or less.
2. Insulation Installed Outdoors: Flame spread index of 75 or less, and smoke developed
index of 150 or less.

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I. Products shall not contain formaldehyde, asbestos, lead, mercury, or mercury compounds
[if available]. Products shall be Certified UL GREENGUARD Gold or Indoor Advantage
Gold [if available].

J. Biosoluble Fiber: Certified by European Certification Board for Mineral Wool Products
(EUCEB).

K. Recycled Content: A minimum of 50 percent recycled glass content certified and UL

Validated.

L. Declare LBC Red List Compliant; minimum.

M. Products shall contain no polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) such as Penta-BDE,

Octa-BDE or Deca-BDE fire retardants; whenever available.

N. Any duct insulation products that have become wet before, during or after installation SHALL
BE REMOVED AND REPLACED.

O. Mockups:

1. Before installing duct systems, build mockups representing static pressure classes
[3 inch wg (750 Pa)] <Insert static pressure class> and higher. Build mockups to
comply with the following requirements, using materials indicated for the completed
Work:

a. [Five] <Insert number> transverse joints.

b. [One] <Insert number> access door(s).
c. [Two] <Insert number> typical branch connections, each with at least one elbow.
d. [Two] <Insert number> typical flexible duct or flexible connector connections
for each duct and apparatus.
e. [One] <Insert number> 90 degree turn(s) with turning vanes.
f. [One] <Insert number> fire damper(s).
g. Perform leakage tests specified in "Field Quality Control" Article. Revise mockup
construction and perform additional tests as required to achieve specified minimum
acceptable results.

2. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed at time of
Substantial Completion.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FIBERGLASS DUCTS AND FITTINGS

A. Products shall not contain formaldehyde, asbestos, lead, mercury, or mercury compounds if
possible. Products shall be certified UL GREENGUARD Gold or Indoor Advantage Gold if
available.

B. Products shall comply with the standards in Section 1.8 – Quality Assurance.

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C. Fiberglass Duct Materials: Bio-based resin bonded fiberglass, faced on the outside surface
with fire resistive FSK vapor retarder and with a smooth fiberglass mat finish on the air stream
surface. Conforming to UL 181 Class 1 and NFPA 90A and 90B. UL tested and verified to be
microbially resistant in accordance with UL 2824.

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide Knauf

Insulation; Atmosphere Air Duct Board.
2. Duct Board: Factory molded into rectangular boards with factory molded shiplap or butt
edge.
3. Round Duct: Factory molded; into straight round duct and smooth fittings, or fabricated
from factory molded rectangular boards.
4. Temperature Limits: 40 to 250 deg. F (5 to 121 deg. C) inside ducts; 150 deg. F (66
deg. C) ambient temperature surrounding ducts.
5. Maximum Thermal Conductivity: [0.23 Btu x in. /h x sq. ft. x deg. F (0.033 W/m x C)]
<Insert conductivity> at 75 deg. F (24 deg. C) mean temperature.
6. Water Vapor Sorption: Not exceeding 5 percent by weight at 120 deg. F (49 deg. C) and
95 percent relative humidity for 96 hours when tested according to
ASTM C 1104/C 1104M.
7. Permeability: 0.02 perm (1.15 ng/Pa x s x sq. m) maximum when tested according to
ASTM E 96/E 96M, Procedure A.
8. Antimicrobial Agent: Compound shall be tested for efficacy by an NRTL, and registered
by the EPA for use in HVAC systems.
9. Noise Reduction Coefficient: 0.70 minimum when tested according to ASTM C 423,
Mounting A.
10. Required Markings: EI rating, UL label, and other markings required by UL 181 on each
full sheet of duct board.

D. Closure Materials:

1. Pressure Sensitive Tape: Comply with UL 181A; imprinted by the manufacturer with the
coding "181A-P", the manufacturer's name, and a date code.

a. Tape: Aluminum foil scrim tape imprinted with listing information.

b. Minimum Tape Width: [2-1/2 inches (64 mm)] [3 inches (76 mm)] for duct
board thicker than 1 inch (25 mm).
c. Staples: 9/16 inch (14.29 mm) minimum outward clinching, maximum 2 inches
(51 mm) oc. in tabs, one tab per joint.
d. Water resistant.
e. Mold and mildew resistant.

2. Heat Activated Tape: Comply with UL 181A; imprinted by the manufacturer with the
coding "181A-H", the manufacturer's name, and a date code.

a. Tape: Aluminum foil scrim tape imprinted with listing information.

b. Minimum Tape Width: 3 inches (76 mm).
c. Heat Sensitive Imprint: Printed indicator on tape to show proper heating during
application has been achieved.
d. Water resistant.
e. Mold and mildew resistant.

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3. Two Part Tape Sealing System: Comply with UL 181A; imprinted by the manufacturer
with the coding "181A-M", the manufacturer's name, and a date code.

a. Tape: Woven glass fiber impregnated with mineral gypsum.

b. Minimum Tape Width: 3 inches (76 mm).
c. Sealant: Modified styrene acrylic.
d. Water resistant.
e. Mold and mildew resistant.
f. For indoor applications, sealant shall have a VOC content of 250 g/L or less when
calculated according to 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).
g. Sealant shall comply with the testing and product requirements of the California
Department of Health Services' "Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile
Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental
Chambers".

E. Fabrication:

1. Select joints, seams, transitions, elbows, and branch connections and fabricate according
to [SMACNA's "Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards", Chapter 2,
"Specifications and Closure", and Chapter 4, "Fittings and Connections"]
[NAIMA AH116, "Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards", Section II,
"Fabrication of Straight Duct Modules", Section III, "Fabrication of Fittings from
Modules or Flat Board", and Section IV, "Closure"].
2. Fabricate 90 degree mitered elbows to include turning vanes.
3. Reinforcements: Comply with requirements in [SMACNA's "Fibrous Glass Duct
Construction Standards", Chapter 5, "Reinforcement"] [NAIMA AH116, "Fibrous
Glass Duct Construction Standards", Section V, "Reinforcement"] for channel and
tie rod reinforcement materials, spacing, and fabrication.
4. Preformed Round Duct: Comply with NAIMA AH116, "Fibrous Glass Duct
Construction Standards", Section VII, "Preformed Round Duct".

2.2 THERMOSET FRP DUCTS AND FITTINGS

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements.

B. Duct and Fittings:

1. Thermoset FRP Resin: Manufacture duct with resin that complies with UL 181, Class 1;
maximum flame spread index of 25 and maximum smoke developed index of 50 when
tested by an NRTL according to ASTM E 84.
2. Inner Liner: FSK liner rated by an NRTL to comply with UL 181, Class 1.
3. Round Duct: ASTM D 2996, Type I, Grade 2, Class E, filament wound duct, minimum
[0.125 inch (3.2 mm)] <Insert thickness> wall thickness, with tapered bell and spigot
ends for adhesive joints, or plain ends with couplings.
4. Round Fittings: Compression or spray up/contact, molded of same material, pressure
class, and joining method as duct.
5. Rectangular Fittings: Minimum [0.125 inch (3.2 mm)] <Insert thickness> thick flat
sheet with fiberglass roving and resin reinforced joints and seams.
6. Double Wall Insulated Duct: Inner and outer duct complying with requirements for
"Round Duct" description above. Polyurethane foam or polyisocyanurate insulation with

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maximum thermal conductivity of [0.14 Btu x in. /h x sq. ft. x deg. F (0.020 W/m x C)]
<Insert conductivity> at 75 deg. F (24 deg. C) mean temperature.

C. Joining Materials: Roving and polyester resin.

1. Fiberglass adhesive shall have a VOC content of 80 g/L or less when calculated
according to 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).
2. Adhesive shall comply with the testing and product requirements of the California
Department of Health Services' "Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic
Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers".

D. Fabrication:

1. Fabricate joints, seams, transitions, reinforcement, elbows, branch connections, and

access doors and panels according to SMACNA's "Thermoset FRP Duct Construction
Manual", Chapter 7, "Requirements".
2. Fabricate 90 degree rectangular mitered elbows to include turning vanes, 90 degree round
elbows with a minimum of three segments for 12 inches (300 mm) and smaller and a
minimum of five segments for 14 inches (350 mm) and larger.

E. Drains: Formed drain pockets with a minimum of NPS 1 (DN 25) threaded pipe connections.

2.3 PVC DUCTS AND FITTINGS

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements.

B. Duct and Fittings:

1. Round Duct: Comply with cell Classification 12454-B in ASTM D 1784, with external
loading properties of ASTM D 2412.
2. Round Fittings: Socket end molded of same material, pressure class, and joining method
as duct.
3. Rectangular Fittings: Minimum [0.125 inch (3.2 mm)] <Insert thickness> thick flat
sheet with heat formed corners and continuous welded butt joints.

C. Joining Materials: PVC solvent cement complying with ASTM D 2564.

1. PVC solvent cement shall have a VOC content of 510 g/L or less when calculated
according to 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).
2. Adhesive primer shall have a VOC content of 550 g/L or less when calculated according
to 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).
3. Solvent cement and adhesive primer shall comply with the testing and product
requirements of the California Department of Health Services' "Standard Practice for the
Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale
Environmental Chambers".

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D. Fabrication:

1. Fabricate joints, seams, transitions, reinforcement, elbows, branch connections, and

access doors and panels according to SMACNA's "Thermoplastic Duct (PVC)
Construction Manual", Chapter 3, "Standards of Construction for PVC Duct Systems".
2. Fabricate 90 degree rectangular mitered elbows to include turning vanes, 90 degree round
elbows with a minimum of three segments for 12 inches (300 mm) and smaller and a
minimum of five segments for 14 inches (350 mm) and larger.

E. Drains: PVC drain pockets with a minimum of NPS 1 (DN 25) threaded PVC pipe
connections.

2.4 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

A. Hanger Rods for Noncorrosive Environments: Cadmium plated steel rods and nuts.

B. Hanger Rods for Corrosive Environments: Electrogalvanized, all thread rods or galvanized
rods with threads painted with zinc chromate primer after installation.

C. Strap and Rod Sizes: Comply with SMACNA's "HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal
and Flexible", Table 5-1 (Table 5-1M), "Rectangular Duct Hangers Minimum Size", and
Table 5-2, "Minimum Hanger Sizes for Round Duct".

D. Steel Cables: [ASTM A 603, galvanized] [ASTM A 492, stainless] steel with end connections
made of cadmium plated steel assemblies with brackets, swivel, and bolts designed for duct
hanger service; with an automatic locking and clamping device.

E. Duct Attachments: Sheet metal screws, blind rivets, or self-tapping metal screws; compatible
with duct materials.

F. Trapeze and Riser Supports: Steel shapes complying with ASTM A 36/A 36M.

2.5 SEISMIC RESTRAINT DEVICES

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements.

B. General Requirements for Restraint Components: Rated strengths, features, and applications
shall be as defined in reports by [an evaluation service member of the ICC Evaluation
Service] [the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development for the State of
California] [an agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction].

1. Structural Safety Factor: Allowable strength in tension, shear, and pullout force of
components shall be at least [four] <Insert number> times the maximum seismic forces
to which they will be subjected.

C. Channel Support System: Shop or field-fabricated support assembly made of slotted steel
channels with accessories for attachment to braced component at one end and to building
structure at the other end. Include matching components and corrosion resistant coating.

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D. Restraint Cables: [ASTM A 603, galvanized] [ASTM A 492, stainless] steel cables with end
connections made of cadmium plated steel assemblies with brackets, swivel, and bolts designed
for restraining cable service; and with an automatic locking and clamping device or double
cable clips.

E. Hanger Rod Stiffener: [Steel tube or steel slotted support system sleeve with internally
bolted connections] [Reinforcing steel angle clamped] to hanger rod.

F. Mechanical Anchor Bolts: Drilled in and stud wedge or female wedge type. Select anchor
bolts with strength required for anchor and as tested according to ASTM E 488.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 DUCT INSTALLATION

A. Install ducts with fewest possible joints.

B. Unless otherwise indicated, install ducts vertically and horizontally, and parallel and
perpendicular to building lines.

C. Install ducts close to walls, overhead construction, columns, and other structural and permanent
enclosure elements of building.

D. Install ducts with a clearance of 1 inch (25 mm), plus allowance for insulation thickness.

E. Where ducts pass through non fire rated interior partitions and exterior walls; and are exposed
to view, cover the opening between the partition and duct or duct insulation with sheet metal
flanges. Overlap openings on four sides by at least 1-1/2 inches (38 mm).

F. Where ducts pass through fire rated interior partitions and exterior walls, install fire dampers.
Comply with requirements in Section 233300 "Air Duct Accessories" for fire and smoke
dampers.

G. Protect duct interiors from the moisture, construction debris and dust, and other foreign
materials. [Comply with SMACNA's "IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under
Construction", Appendix G, "Duct Cleanliness for New Construction Guidelines"].

H. Install fiberglass ducts and fittings to comply with [NAIMA AH116, "Fibrous Glass Duct
Construction Standards"] [SMACNA's "Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards"].

I. Install thermoset FRP ducts and fittings to comply with SMACNA's "Thermoset FRP Duct
Construction Manual".

J. Install PVC ducts and fittings to comply with SMACNA's "Thermoplastic Duct (PVC)
Construction Manual".

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3.2 HANGER AND SUPPORT INSTALLATION

A. Install hangers and supports for fiberglass ducts and fittings to comply with [SMACNA's
"Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards", Chapter 6, "Hangers and Supports"]
[NAIMA AH116, "Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards", Section VI, "Hangers
and Supports"].

B. Install hangers and supports for thermoset FRP ducts and fittings to comply with SMACNA's
"Thermoset FRP Duct Construction Manual", Chapter 7; "Requirements".

C. Install hangers and supports for PVC ducts and fittings to comply with SMACNA's
"Thermoplastic Duct (PVC) Construction Manual", Chapter 3; "Standards of Construction for
PVC Duct Systems".

D. Building Attachments: Concrete inserts, powder actuated fasteners, or structural steel fasteners
appropriate for construction materials to which hangers are being attached.

1. Install concrete inserts before placing concrete.

2. Install powder actuated concrete fasteners after concrete is placed and completely cured.
3. Use powder actuated concrete fasteners for standard weight aggregate concretes or for
slabs more than 4 inches (100 mm) thick.
4. Do not use powder actuated concrete fasteners for lightweight aggregate concretes or for
slabs less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick.
5. Do not use powder actuated concrete fasteners for seismic restraints.

E. Install upper attachments to structures. Select and size upper attachments with pull out,
tension, and shear capacities appropriate for supported loads and building materials where
used.

3.3 SEISMIC RESTRAINT DEVICE INSTALLATION

A. Install ducts with hangers and braces designed to support the duct and to restrain against
seismic forces required by applicable building codes. Comply with [SMACNA's "Seismic
Restraint Manual: Guidelines for Mechanical Systems"] [ASCE/SEI 7].

1. Space lateral supports a maximum of [40 feet (12 m)] <Insert dimension> oc., and
longitudinal supports a maximum of [80 feet (24 m)] <Insert dimension> oc.
2. Brace a change of direction longer than 12 feet (3.7 m).

B. Select sizes of components so strength will be adequate to carry present and future static and
seismic loads within restraint device capacity.

C. Install cables so they do not bend across edges of adjacent equipment or building structure.

D. Install cable restraints where ducts are suspended with vibration isolators.

E. Install seismic restraint devices using methods approved by [an evaluation service member of
the ICC Evaluation Service] [the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development
for the State of California] [an agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction].

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F. Attachment to Structure: If specific attachment is not indicated, anchor bracing and restraints
to structure to flanges of beams, to upper truss chords of bar joists, or to concrete members.

G. Drilling for and Setting Anchors:

1. Identify position of reinforcing steel and other embedded items prior to drilling holes for
anchors. Do not damage existing reinforcement or embedded items during drilling.
Notify the Architect if reinforcing steel or other embedded items are encountered during
drilling. Locate and avoid pre-stressed tendons, electrical and telecommunications
conduit, and gas lines.
2. Do not drill holes in concrete or masonry until concrete, mortar, or grout has achieved
full design strength.
3. Wedge Anchors: Protect threads from damage during anchor installation. Heavy duty
sleeve anchors shall be installed with sleeve fully engaged in the structural element to
which anchor is to be fastened.
4. Set anchors to manufacturer's recommended torque, using a torque wrench.
5. Install zinc coated steel anchors for interior applications and stainless steel anchors for
applications exposed to weather.

3.4 PAINTING

A. Paint interior of; [thermoset FRP] [and] [PVC] ducts that are visible through registers and
grilles and that do not have duct liner. Apply one coat of flat, black, latex paint over a
compatible galvanized steel primer. Paint materials and application requirements are specified
in Section 099123 "Interior Painting".

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Perform tests and inspections.

B. Leakage Tests:

1. Comply with SMACNA's "HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual". Submit a test report
for each test.
2. Test the following systems:

a. Ducts with a Pressure Class Higher than 3 Inch wg (750 Pa): Test representative
duct sections [selected by Architect from sections installed] totaling no less than
25 percent of total installed duct area for each designated pressure class.
b. Supply Ducts with a Pressure Class of [2 Inch wg (500 Pa)] [3 Inch wg (750 Pa)]
[4 Inch wg (1000 Pa)] <Insert value> or Higher: Test representative duct
sections [selected by Architect from sections installed] totaling no less than [50]
[100] <Insert value> percent of total installed duct area for each designated
pressure class.
c. Return Ducts with a Pressure Class of [2 Inch wg (500 Pa)] [3 Inch wg (750 Pa)]
[4 Inch wg (1000 Pa)] <Insert value> or Higher: Test representative duct
sections [selected by Architect from sections installed] totaling no less than [50]
[100] <Insert value> percent of total installed duct area for each designated
pressure class.

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d. Exhaust Ducts with a Pressure Class of [2 Inch wg (500 Pa)]

[3 Inch wg (750 Pa)] [4 Inch wg (1000 Pa)] <Insert value> or Higher: Test
representative duct sections [selected by Architect from sections installed]
totaling no less than [50] [100] <Insert value> percent of total installed duct area
for each designated pressure class.
e. Outdoor Air Ducts with a Pressure Class of [2 Inch wg (500 Pa)]
[3 Inch wg (750 Pa)] [4 Inch wg (1000 Pa)] <Insert value> or Higher: Test
representative duct sections [selected by Architect from sections installed]
totaling no less than [50] [100] <Insert value> percent of total installed duct area
for each designated pressure class.

3. Disassemble, reassemble, and seal segments of systems to accommodate leakage testing

and for compliance with test requirements.
4. Test for leaks before applying external insulation.
5. Conduct tests at static pressures equal to maximum design pressure of system or section
being tested. If static pressure classes are not indicated, test entire system at maximum
system design pressure. Do not pressurize systems above maximum design operating
pressure. Give [seven] <Insert number> days' advance notice for testing.

C. Duct System Cleanliness Tests:

1. Visually inspect duct system to ensure that no visible contaminants are present.
2. Test sections of nonmetal duct system, chosen randomly by Owner, for cleanliness
according to "Vacuum Test" in NADCA ACR, "Assessment, Cleaning and Restoration of
HVAC Systems".

a. Acceptable Cleanliness Level: Net weight of debris collected on the filter media
shall not exceed 0.75 mg/100 sq. cm.

D. Duct system will be considered defective if it does not pass tests and inspections.

E. Prepare test and inspection reports.

3.6 DUCT CLEANING

A. Clean [new] [and] [existing] duct system(s) before testing, adjusting, and balancing.

B. Use service openings for entry and inspection.

1. Create new openings and install access panels appropriate for duct static pressure class if
required for cleaning access. Provide insulated panels for insulated or lined duct. Patch
duct as recommended by duct manufacturer. Comply with Section 233300 "Air Duct
Accessories" for access panels and doors.
2. Disconnect and reconnect flexible ducts as needed for cleaning and inspection.
3. Remove and reinstall ceiling to gain access during the cleaning process.

C. Particulate Collection and Odor Control:

1. When venting vacuuming system inside the building, use HEPA filtration with 99.97
percent collection efficiency for 0.3 micron size (or larger) particles.

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2. When venting vacuuming system to outdoors, use filter to collect debris removed from
HVAC system, and locate exhaust downwind and away from air intakes and other points
of entry into building.

D. Clean the following components by removing surface contaminants and deposits:

1. Air outlets and inlets (registers, grilles, and diffusers).

2. Supply, return, and exhaust fans including fan housings, plenums (except ceiling supply
and return plenums), scrolls, blades or vanes, shafts, baffles, dampers, and drive
assemblies.
3. Air handling unit internal surfaces and components including mixing box, coil section, air
wash systems, spray eliminators, condensate drain pans, humidifiers and dehumidifiers,
filters and filter sections, and condensate collectors and drains.
4. Coils and related components.
5. Return air ducts, dampers, actuators, and turning vanes except in ceiling plenums and
mechanical equipment rooms.
6. Supply air ducts, dampers, actuators, and turning vanes.
7. Dedicated exhaust and ventilation components and makeup air systems.

E. Mechanical Cleaning Methodology:

1. Use vacuum collection devices that are operated continuously during cleaning. Connect
vacuum device to downstream end of duct sections so areas being cleaned are under
negative pressure.
2. Use mechanical agitation to dislodge debris adhered to interior duct surfaces without
damaging integrity of ducts or duct accessories.
3. Clean fiberglass duct with HEPA vacuuming equipment; do not permit duct to get wet.
Clean duct in strict accordance with NAIMA’s “Cleaning Fibrous Glass Insulated Air
Duct Systems Recommended Practices”. Replace fiberglass duct that is damaged,
deteriorated, or delaminated or that has friable material, mold, or fungus growth.
4. Clean coils and coil drain pans according to NADCA 1992. Keep drain pan operational.
Rinse coils with clean water to remove latent residues and cleaning materials; comb and
straighten fins.
5. Provide drainage and cleanup for wash down procedures.
6. Antimicrobial Agents and Coatings: Apply EPA registered antimicrobial agents if
fungus is present. Apply antimicrobial agents according to manufacturer's written
instructions after removal of surface deposits and debris.

3.7 START UP

A. Air Balance: Comply with requirements in Section 230593 "Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing
for HVAC".

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3.8 DUCT SCHEDULE

A. Indoor Ducts and Fittings:

1. Fiberglass Rectangular Ducts and Fittings:

a. Minimum Flexural Rigidity: EI-[475] [800].

b. Minimum Board Thickness: [1 inch (25 mm)] [1-1/2 inches (38 mm)]
[2 inches (51 mm)].

2. Fiberglass Round / Oval Ducts and Fittings:

a. Minimum Thickness: [1 inch (25 mm)] <Insert thickness>.

B. Outdoor Ducts and Fittings:

1. Thermoset FRP Round Ducts and Fittings:

a. Double Wall Insulated Ducts: Minimum [5/8 inch (15.9 mm)]

[7/8 inch (22.2 mm)] <Insert thickness> insulation thickness.

2. PVC Round Ducts and Fittings:

C. Underground Ducts:

1. Thermoset FRP Round Ducts and Fittings:

a. Insulation Thickness: [1 inch (25 mm)] <Insert thickness>.

b. Drain: Minimum NPS 1 (DN 25) PVC pipe with P-trap to air gap drain.

2. PVC Round Ducts and Fittings:

a. Drain: Minimum NPS 1 (DN 25) PVC pipe with P-trap to air gap drain.

END OF SECTION 233116

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