PROJECT – 1
SEQUENCE DETECTOR
OVERLAPPING MANNER
SUBMISSION TO :
Dr . SOUMYA PRAKASH DASH
SUBMITTED BY :
P.RAHUL BHARADWAJ (17CS02003)
S.KARTHIK (17CS01011)
K.VENKATA BALAJI (17CS02001)
CONTENTS
➢ Aim of the Experiment
➢ Theory
➢ State Diagrams
➢ State Tables and Use of K-Maps
➢ Verilog code
➢ Conclusion
❖ Aim of the Experiment
To design a sequence detector that detects a bit stream pattern of
'11011' in an overlapping manner.
❖ Theory
The sequence detector is a clocked sequential circuit which is used
to detect the desired binary sequence.
Input Sequence Detector Output
Sequence Sequence
Fig (a) : Block diagram of Sequence Detector
Once we know the sequence which is to be detected we can draw
a State diagram for it. From the state diagram we can design the
circuit. Generally it produces an output = ‘1’ whenever it detects
the desired sequence and = ‘0’ in other cases.
An overlapping sequence detector means say for example, if a bit
sequence of '1111011011111' is given as the input, the designed system
should be able to detect the sequence '11011' twice.
❖ State Diagrams:
0/0
S0
S1
S4
S3 0/0 S2
Explanation:
Initially when the input is ‘1’ the machine moves to next state S1. If the input is
‘0’ the machine remains in the same state i.e S0. The output in these two cases
is zero.
Now according to the sequence the next input should be ‘1’. The machine
moves to the next state S2 only if the next input is ‘1’ otherwise if input is ‘0’ it
goes back to S0 .
Similarly, if next I/P is 0 then it moves to next state S3 else stays in its state only.
If next I/P is 1 then it moves to S4 else moves to S0.
If next I/P is 1 then it moves to S2 and the output here is 1 and sequence is
detected once else moves to S0.
❖ State Tables & use of K-Maps
S0 / A=000
S1 / B=001
S2 / C=011
S3 / D=100
S4 / E=101
Transition Table With Output
Output Table
Separate the Transition Table into Three Tables, One for Each Flip-Flop
K Maps
For D2 :
Y2\Y1Y0 Y2\Y1Y0 00 01 11 10
00 01 11 10
0 1 X 0 X
1 X X 1 1 X X
X=0 X=1
D2= X’ Y1 + X Y2 Y0’
For D1 :
Y2\Y1Y0 Y2\Y1Y0 00 01 11 10
00 01 11 10
0 X 0 1 1 X
1 X X 1 1 X X
X=0 X=1
D1= X Y0
For D0:
Y2\Y1Y0 Y2\Y1Y0 00 01 11 10
00 01 11 10
0 X 0 1 1 1 X
1 X X 1 1 1 X X
X=0 X=1
D0= X
Circuit Diagram:
❖ Verilog code
Code – 1 using flip flops
module seqdet( input x, input clk, input reset, output z);
wire y1,y2,y3;
wire y1bar,y2bar,y3bar;
wire a,b,c;
assign a= y2*y3*x +y1*~y3*x;
assign b= y2*~y3+y1*y3+~y2*y3*x;
assign c=y2*~y3*~x+~y2*~y3*x+y1*y3*~x;
dff d1(a,reset,clk,y1,y1bar);
dff d2( b,reset,clk,y2,y2bar);
dff d3( c,reset,clk,y3,y3bar);
assign z=y1*y3;
endmodule
module dff( input d, input reset, input clk, output reg q, output reg qbar);
always @(posedge clk or posedge reset)
if(reset)begin
q<=1'b0; qbar<=1'b1;
end
else begin
q<=d;
qbar<=~d;
end
endmodule
Code – 2 without using flipflops
module seq_det( input clk, input rst, input bit, output reg c);
reg [2:0] state;
parameter s0=3'b000, s1=3'b001, s2=3'b010, s3=3'b011, s4=3'b100;
always@(posedge clk or posedge rst)
if(rst==1)
begin
state<=s0;
end
else case(state)
s0:begin
if(bit==1)
begin
state<=s1;
c<=0;
end
else
begin
state<=s0;
c<=0;
end
end
s1:begin
if(bit==1)
begin
state<=s2;
c<=0;
end
else
begin
state<=s0;
c<=0;
end
end
s2:begin
if(bit==0)
begin
state<=s3;
c<=0;
end
else
begin
state<=s2;
c<=0;
end
end
s3:begin
if(bit==1)
begin
state<=s4;
c<=0;
end
else
begin
state<=s0;
c<=0;
end
end
s4:begin
if(bit==1)
begin
state<=s2;
c<=1;
end
else
begin
state<=s0;
c<=0;
end
end
endcase
endmodule
❖ Conclusion
This project helps us to learn how to implement Sequence Detector.
We can implement the sequence detector with or without using
Flipflops on FGPA. The Verilog codes for both the cases were
verified and implemented on FGPA.
Sequence detector finds its application as remote control for TV or
garage door openers etc also to detect a flag in bitstream.
