Gian Jordan S.

Torres

12 STEM

National Artists of the Philippines

Visual Arts

1.) Vicente Manansala

- Vicente Silva Manansala was a Filipino cubist painter, illustrator
and was the second of eight children born to Perfecto Manansala
and Engracia Silva on January 22,1910 in Macabebe, Pampanga.
At a young age he started to express his creativity in designing
kites, and making charcoal sketches. At 15 years of age he studied
under the turn-of-the-century painter Ramon Peralta while doing
signboards for a painting shop. He studied at the U.P. School of
Fine Arts from1926 to1930. In the year 1937 he married Hermenglida Diaz. In 1949
Manansala went on to receive a six-month grant courtesy by UNESCO to study at the Ecole
des Beaux-Arts in Banff, Montreal, Quebec, and Canada. Shortly after, in the following year
Manansala received a nine-month scholarship to study in the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris,
France under one of the pillars of cubism, Fernand Leger. In the course of the following years
Manansala would also go on to study in New York, Otis Art Institute, and Zurich. As time
went by Manansala honed his skills even going as far as to develop his own personal style of
cubism called Transparent Cubism.Vicente Manansala died in the year 1981, eventually
being posthumously recognized as a National Artist of the Philippines.

- Works:
 1950 – Madonna of the Slums
 1951 – Jeepneys
 1967 – Reclining Mother and Child, etc.
2.) Guillermo Tolentino
- Guillermo Estrella Tolentino was a Filipino sculptor, and UP
professor born to Isidro Tolentino and Balbina Estrella in
Malolos, Bulacan on July 24, 1890. He was the fourth of eight
children. Before his formal schooling, Tolentinoused to mold
horses and dogs in clay, out of materials he obtained from the
fishbanks in town. He went on to study in the School of Fine
Arts, University of the Philippines, where he took sculpting
lessons from Vicente Francisco. While still in highschool one of
his drawings got featured on Liwayway under the title Grupo de Filipinos Ilustros. He
graduated in Painting and Sculpture in 1915 in the School of Fine Arts. He then decided to go
in America, even securing an audience with President Wilson and obtaining a scholarship to
the Ecole de Beaux Arts for advanced courses in sculpture courtesy of Bernard Baruch, an
American Millionaire. He would then go on to study in Regge Instituto Superiore di Belle
Arti di Roma in Rome, graduating in 1923. Tolentino went home shortly after and started
making various notable commissions such as the Bonifacio Monument among many others.
Tolentino received the National Award in the year 1973. On July 12 1976, Tolentino passed
away at the age of eighty five.
- Works:
 Oblation (1935)
 Bonifacio Monument (1933), etc.
3.) Cesar Legaspi
- Cesar Torrente Legaspi was a Filipino National Artist in
Painting born to Manuel Legaspi and Rosario Torrente on the
year 1917 in Tondo, Manila. He took up painting at the
University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts at one point
before eventually shifting to commercial art courses. He earned
his Certificate of Proficiency in 1936 after which he continued
his education in art under Pablo Amorsolo. He then went to
study at the Cultura Hispanic on the year 1954 in Madrid and
Academie Ranson in Paris studying under Henri Goetz. After going back to the Philippines
he had his first one-man show at the Luz Gallery in 1963. This was followed subsequently by
several exhibits abroad and his record of five retrospective exhibitions at the Museum of the
Philippines in 1978, the National Museum and the Metropolitan Museum in 1988, and the
Luz Gallery and the Cultural Center of the Philippines in 1990. He was also awarded the
National Artist Award in the same year of 1990. Cesar Legaspi died on April 7, 1944.
- Works:
 Man and Woman(1945)
 Gadgets (1947), etc.
Literature

4.) Nick Joaquin

- Nicomedes Marquez Joaquin was a Filipino National Artist
in the Literary Arts born to Leocadio Joaquin and Salome
Marquez on May 4, 1917 in Paco, Manila.Born the firth out
of ten children, Nick and his siblings were taught in Spanish
and were encouraged in the arts. The Joaquin household
communicated in Spanish and went to mass regularly which
was a factor in Nick Joaquin bring the devout Christian he
is.Tragedy struck as Don Leocadio lost the family fortune
after a failed investment, not too long after that Don Leocadio
also passed away marking a big change in the family. In his third year in Mapa Highschool
Nick Joaquin decided to drop out of school and instead worked at a bakery in Pasay and later
on in the publishing company TVT (Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba) giving him a taste of the
industry where he would later spend the rest of his life in. At age 17 he published his first
poem, a little later he would publish a short story in the Sunday Tribune Magazine on 1937.
Joaquín would go on to win a nationwide essay competition to honor La Naval de
Manila,sponsored by the Dominican Order, the University of Santo Tomas awarded him an
honorary Associate in Arts (A.A.) and a scholarship to St. Albert's Convent, the Dominican
monastery in Hong Kong.After his return to the Philippines he joined the Philippines Free
Press and eventually represented the Philippines at the International PEN Congress
in Tokyo in 1957, and was appointed as a member of the Motion Pictures commission under
presidents Diosdado Macapagal and Ferdinand Marcos. He was heralded as National Artist in
the year 1976 and continued on his writing until his death on April 29, 2004.
- Works:
 The Woman who had Two Navels
 Cave and Shadows
 A portrait of the Artist as Filipino, etc.
5.) Carlos Peña Rómulo
- Carlos Peña Rómulo was a Filipino diplomat, statesman,
soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at 16, a
newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32. He
was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, a
general in the US Army and the Philippine Army, university
president, President of the UN General Assembly, was
eventually named one of the Philippines' National Artists in
Literature, and was the recipient of many other honors and
honorary degrees. A few being Nobel Peace
Prize nomination in 1952, United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, United Nations
Peace Medal, World Peace Award, Four Freedoms Peace Award, etc.
- Works:
 I Saw the Fall of the Philippines
 I See The Philippines Rise
 I Walked with Heroes
Architecture, Design and Allied Arts

6.) Juan Nakpil

- Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil is a Filipino National Artist in
Architecture born to Julio Nakpil and Gregoria de Jesus on
May 26, 1899 in Quiapo, Manila. Juan’s inclination to the
visual arts was made clear when in 1907, he won the silver
medal in a Rizal Day drawing competition. He further
trained in freehand drawing with Fabian de la Rosa and
Fernando Amorsolo, then already distinguished artists.
While in the second year of his course in civil engineering at the University of the
Philippines, Nakpil decided to go to America and study at University of Kansas. There he
obtained his degree in civil engineering in 1922. He went on to pursue architecture in France,
studying architecture at the Fountainebleau School of Fine Arts under recommendation of
Jean Jacques Haffner. He listed among the top ten in his class of forty, easily gaining the
Diplome d’ Architecture. He returned to the United States with a Joseph Evelyth fellowship
to Harvard University where he got his master’s degree in architecture in 1926. Upon his
return he started his own firm and built several notable constructs in the Philippines.
- Works:
 Rizal Theater
 Rizal Shrine
 Capitol Theater
 7.) II..PSantos
- Ildefonso Paez Santos Jr was a Filipino architect who
was known for being the "Father of Philippine
Landscape Architecture" and was recognized as
a National Artist of the Philippines in the field of
Architecture in 2006. He was the son of Ildefonso Santos
Sr and Asuncion Paez, and was born on September 5,
1929 in the city of Malabon. Santos graduated from
the University of Sto. Tomas in 1954 with a degree in the
field of architecture. He then pursued a second degree in
Architecture, as well as a Master of Architecture degree at the University of Southern
California School of Architecture. He died at the age of 84 on January 29, 2014.
- Works:
 Rizal Park
 Manila Hotel
 Paco Park

Film and Broadcasting/Broadcast Arts

8.) Fernando Poe Jr
- Ronald Allan Kelley Poe better known as Fernando Poe
Jr. and colloquially known as FPJ and Da King, was
a Filipino actor, director and politician. He was born to
Fernando Poe Sr and Elizabeth Kelley y Gatbonton on
August 20, 1939 in the city of Manila. In 1953, Poe
finished his primary education at San Beda College,
Lepanto. For high school, he went to San Sebastian
College. He continued his education at Mapua Institute
of Technology and University of the East and took the
course theater arts. When his father died from rabies at
age 35, Poe became the family's breadwinner. In order to support his family, he dropped out
of school Of Mechanical Engineering, and into the showbiz industry. During his career Poe
won the most best actor awards at the FAMAS. Among the movies that received awards
were Mga Alabok ng Lupa (1967), Asedillo (1971), Durugin si Totoy
Bato (1979), Umpisahan Mo, Tatapusin Ko (1983), and Muslim .357 (1986). Poe was
posthumously declared a National Artist of the Philippines for Film on May 23, 2006 by
Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. The award was confirmed by Former
President Benigno Aquino III on July 20, 2012, and was presented to his family on August
16.
- Works:
 Ang Panday 1980
 Isang Bala Ka Lang 1983
 Ang Probinsyano 1997
9.) Eddie Romero
- Edgar Sinco Romero was a Filipino film
director, film producer and screenwriter. Romero was
born on July 7, 1924. His father was José E. Romero,
his mother was Pilar Guzman Sinco. His body of
work often delved into the history and politics of his
country. Romero’s 13-part series entitled after the
famous novel of Jose Rizal “Noli Me
Tangere” brought Philippine national hero José
Rizal's novel to a new generation of viewers. He co-
produced one of the earliest Filipino horror films, the
1959 Terror Is a Man, which was directed by his
friend and fellow director Gerardo de Leon. Romero directed some critically acclaimed war
films in the early 1960s, such as Lost Battalion (1960), The Raiders of Leyte Gulf (1963)
and The Walls of Hell (1964). Due to his contributions to the Film Industry, Romero was
heralded as National Artist of the Philippines in 2003.
- Works:
 Terror Is a Man (1959)
 Lost Battalion (1960)
 Aguila (1980)
Music

10.) Ryan Cayabyab

- Raymundo Cipriano Pujante Cayabyab also known
as Mr. C, is a Filipino musician, composer and
conductor. He was born to Alberto Austria Cayabyab
and Celerina Venson Pujante on May 4, 1954 in the
city of Santa Cruz, Manila. At a young age of 4,
Cayabyab began his musical education
with piano lessons. Cayabyab initially took up
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in
the University of the Philippines, Diliman. Looking
for work to support his studies, he landed with then-
Senator Salvador Laurel as accompanist for the
Chorale Ensemble of the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP). Noticing Cayabyab's
exceptional talent on the piano, Laurel offered Cayabyab a scholarship to enable him to
pursue an education in music. Cayabyab graduated from the UP College of Music earning a
Bachelor of Music, Major in Theory degree. Eventually, he became a full-time professor for
the Department of Composition and Music Theory in the UP Diliman for almost two
decades. Danding Cojuangco (President of the San Miguel Corporation) offered him a
position to produce and perform new music to add to the Philippine music scene; Cayabyab
accepted the offer as Executive and Artistic Director of the San Miguel Foundation for the
Performing Arts.
- Works:
 Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika (1976)
 Kumukutikutitap (1991)
 Tuwing Umuulan at Kapiling Ka (2004)
11.) Jose Maceda
- José Montserrat Maceda was
a Filipino composer and ethnomusicologist. He was born in
Manila on January 31, 1971 to Judge Castro Maceda y
Norona and Concepcion Montserrat y Salamanca on
January 31, 1917 in the city of Manila. His early musical
training was received at the Academy of Music of Manila,
where he graduated with highest honors in 1936. After
graduation he was sent to Paris to study at the Ecole
Normale de Musique under the supervision of Alfred
Corotot. After returning to the Philippines, he became a
professional pianist, and later studied musicology
at Columbia University, and anthropology at Northwestern University. Starting in 1952, he
conducted fieldwork on the ethnic Music of the Philippines. From about 1954, he was
involved in the research and composition of musique concrète. In 1958, he worked at
a recording studio in Paris which specialized in musique concrète. During this period, he
met Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis. In 1963, Maceda earned
a doctorate in ethnomusicology from the UCLA. He began pursuing a compositional career
more vigorously. At the same time, he held concerts in Manila until 1969, in which he
performed and conducted. This series of concerts introduced Boulez, Xenakis and Edgard
Varèse to the Filipino public.
- Works:
 Pagsamba – Kyrie
 Ugnayan
 Two Pianos and Four Percussion Groups
Dance

12.) Francisca Reyes-Aquino

- Francisca Reyes-Aquino was a Filipino folk dancer and
academic noted for her research on Philippine folk
dance. She is a recipient of the Republic Award of Merit
and the Ramon Magsaysay Award and was
designated as a National Artist of the Philippines for
Dance in the year 1973. Among Reyes-Aquino's most
noted works is her research on folk dances and songs as
a student assistant at the University of the
Philippines (UP). Pursuing her graduate studies, she
started her work in the 1921 traveling to remote barrios
in Central and Northern Luzon. She published a thesis in 1926 entitled Philippine Folk
Dances and Games where she noted on previously unrecorded forms of local celebration,
ritual and sports. Her thesis was made with teachers and playground instructors from both
public and private institutions in mind. This work was expanded with the official support of
UP President Jorge Bocobo in 1927.
- Works:
 Helped preserve the “|Tinikling” one of the country’s most well-known traditional
dances. Countless other regional dance forms might have been lost forever if not for
the efforts of Reyes-Aquino, who is often referred to as the “Mother of Philippine
Dancing.”
 Reyes-Aquino also had other books published including: Philippine National
Dances (1946), Gymnastics for Girls (1947), Fundamental Dance Steps and
Music (1948), Foreign Folk Dances (1949), Dances for all
Occasion (1950), Playground Demonstration (1951), and Philippine Folk Dances,
Volumes I to VI.
13.) Ramon Arevalo Obusan
- Ramon Arevalo Obusan (June 16, 1938 – December
21, 2006) was a Filipino dancer, choreographer, stage
designer and artistic director. Obusan is credited for
his work in promoting Philippine traditional dance
and cultural work. He is also an acclaimed archivist,
researcher and documentary filmmaker who focused
on Philippine culture. He also founded Ramon
Obusan Folkloric Group in 1971. Among the awards
Obusan received was the Patnubay ng Kalinangan
award by the City of Manila in 1992, the Gawad CCP
Para sa Sining award in 1993 and the prestigious National Artist of the Philippines for dance
in May 2006.
- Works:
 Vamos a Belen! Series (1998-2004) Philippine Dances Tradition
 Noon Po sa Amin, tableaux of Philippine History in song, drama and dance
 Obra Maestra, a collection of Ramon Obusan's dance masterpieces
 Unpublished Dances of the Philippines, Series I-IV
 Water, Fire and Life, Philippine Dances and Music--A Celebration of Life
 Saludo sa Sentenyal
 Glimpses of ASEAN, Dances and Music of the ASEAN-Member Countries
 MJ (Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group): Philippines Costumes in Dance
Theatre

14.) Honorata de la Rama-Hernandez

- (January 11, 1902 – July 11, 1991), commonly

known as Atang de la Rama, was a singer
and bodabil performer who became the
first Filipina film actress. Atang de la Rama was
born in Pandacan, Manila on January 11, 1902. By
the age of 7, she was already starring in
Spanish zarzuelassuch as Mascota, Sueño de un
Vals, and Marina. At the age of 15, she starred in the
sarsuela Dalagang Bukid, where she became known
for singing the song, Nabasag na Banga. During the
American occupation of the Philippines, Atang de la Rama fought for the dominance of
the kundiman, an important Philippine folk song, and the sarsuela, which is a musical play
that focused on contemporary Filipino issues such as usury, cockfighting, and colonial
mentality. Generations of Filipino artists and audiences consider Atang de la Rama's vocal
and acting talents as responsible for much of the success of original Filipino sarsuelas
like Dalagang Bukid, and dramas like Veronidia. She has also been a theatrical producer,
writer and talent manager. She was the producer and the writer of plays such as Anak ni
Eva and Bulaklak ng Kabundukan. For her achievements and contributions to the art form,
she was hailed Queen of the Kundiman and of the Sarsuela in 1979, at the age of 74.
- Atang believed that art should be for everyone; not only did she perform in major Manila
theaters such as the Teatro Libertad and the Teatro Zorilla, but also in cockpits and open
plazas in Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao. She also made an effort to bring the kundiman
and sarsuela to the indigenous peoples of the Philippine such as the Igorots, the Aetas, and
the Mangyans. She was also at the forefront of introducing Filipino culture to foreign
audiences. At the height of her career, she sang kundimans and other Filipino songs in
concerts in such cities as Hawaii, San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York City, Hong Kong,
Shanghai, and Tokyo.
- On May 8, 1987, "for her sincere devotion to original Filipino theater and music, her
outstanding artistry as singer, and as sarsuela actress-playwright-producer, her tireless efforts
to bring her art to all sectors of Filipino society and to the world," President Corazon C.
Aquino proclaimed Atang de la Rama a National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and
Music.
- Atang de la Rama died on July 11, 1991. She was married to National Artist for
Literature, Amado V. Hernandez.
- Works:
 Pakiusap,
 Ay, Ay Kalisud, Kung Iibig Ka
 Madaling Araw by Jose Corazon de Jesus,
 Mutya ng Pasig by Deogracias Rosario and Nicanor Abelardo.
 She also wrote her own sarswelas: Anak ni Eba, Aking Ina, and Puri at Buhay.
15.) Salvador Floro Bernal
- Salvador Floro Bernal (January 7, 1945 – October 26,
2011) was an artist from the Philippines.Bernal's career
began in 1969. His output included over 300 productions
in art, film and music, and earned him the award
of National Artist for Theater and Design in 2003.[1] He
earned a philosophy degree in 1966 from the Ateneo de
Manila University where he would later teach literature
and stage design.Bernal organized the Philippine
Association of Theatre Designers and Technicians
(Patdat) in 1995, through which he introduced Philippine
theater design to the world.The book “Salvador F. Bernal: Designing the Stage” by Nicanor
G. Tiongson, is a comprehensive review of Bernal’s work as designer for theater, with over
200 full-color photographs of his sketches, models, and actual costumes and sets
complementing the text.
- Badong’s legacy
 Part of the exhibit’s national tour were workshops on set design meant for beginners
in the regions. “One of [Bernal’s] greatest legacies is the training of several
craftspeople in the theater,” Gonzales says. “And this exhibit also honors the works
of all these talented hands that produced the scale models, drafting, paint elevations
and clothes.”
 Gonzales goes on to say that this particular stop at the Ateneo Art Gallery, a museum
of modern art of the Ateneo de Manila University, is very important because it is
where Bernal’s training in theater began, specifically under National Artist for
Theater and Literature Rolando Tinio. Bernal also taught at the university, enriching
its humanities programs and theater department, and becoming a revered mentor to
the likes of Gonzales, Cruz, Winky Maramba, and Toto Sicango, all respected
designers in their own right. Bernal “was never selfish of his knowledge and skills,”
Gonzales says, “and he had a burden to train budding designers by way of example.”
 According to Gonzales, Bernal remains relevant and groundbreaking because his
work “went beyond decorative choices or what we Filipinos refer to as palamuti.” He
adds: “He was a clear thinker, having studied Philosophy at the Ateneo, and he
infused his design work with dramaturgical weight. He primarily elevated theater
design into an art form in the Philippines and professionalized something that was
previously regarded as a mere hobby.”
References:

Vicente Manansala
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Manansala
 https://www.tenthousandstrangers.com/vicente-manansala/
 https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-
philippines/vicente-manansala/
Guillermo Tolentino
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Tolentino
 http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/104/guillermo-estrella-tolentino-a-classic-of-his-time
 https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1244/today-in-philippine-history-july-24-1890-
guillermo-tolentino-was-born-in-malolos-bulacan
Cesar Legaspi
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Legaspi
 https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/cesar-
legaspi-2/
 https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/remembering-cesar-legaspi
Nick Joaquin
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Joaquin
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080210194728/http://www.panitikan.com.ph/nationalartistsforliter
ature/njoaquin.htm
 http://pinoylit.webmanila.com/filipinowriters/njoaquin.htm
Carlos Romulo
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo
 http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000419
 https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-
philippines/carlos-p-romulo/
Juan Nakpil
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Nakpil
 https://www.revolvy.com/page/Juan-Nakpil
 https://bahaynakpil.org/juan-f-nakpil-artist-and-filipino/
I.P. Santos
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonso_P._Santos_Jr.
 https://www.revolvy.com/page/Ildefonso-P.-Santos-Jr.
Fernando Poe Jr.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr.
 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0688093/bio
 https://entertainment.abs-cbn.com/tv/updates/33111318-mga-pelikula-ni-fpj-na-yumanig-sa-
takilya
Eddie Romero
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Romero
 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0739388/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm
Ryan Cayabyab
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Cayabyab
 http://www.famousfilipino.com/content/view/94/119/
 http://www.pinoystop.com/bio/celebrity-profile/2000/ryan-cayabyab-biography
 https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/music/215025-list-ryan-cayabyab-popular-songs
Jose Maceda
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maceda
 https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/jose-
maceda/
 https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/908/today-in-philippine-history-january-31-1917-jose-
m-maceda-was-born-in-manila
Francisca Reyes-Aquino
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisca_Reyes-Aquino
 https://news.abs-cbn.com/ancx/culture/spotlight/03/09/19/google-pays-tribute-to-francisca-reyes-
aquino-on-her-120th-birth-anniversary
Honorata de la Rama-Hernandez

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atang_de_la_Rama
 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1876452/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm

Salvador Floro Bernal

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Bernal
 http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Arts&Leisure&title=Praise-pours-for-
National-Artist-Salvador-%E2%80%98Badong%E2%80%99-Bernal,-66&id=40647
 https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-
philippines/salvador-f-bernal/