KIET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS,

GHAZIABAD

INNOTECH-2019
SMART HELMET

Group members
 Aayushi
 Anand
 Arushi
 Deepanshi
 Garima
Abstract
A smart helmet is a type of protective headgear
used by the rider which makes bike driving safer
than before. The main purpose of this helmet is
to provide safety for the rider. This can be
implemented by using advanced features like
alcohol detection, accident identification,
location tracking, use as a hands free device, fall
detection. This makes it not only a smart helmet
but also a feature of a smart bike. It is
compulsory to wear the helmet, without which
the ignition switch cannot turn ON. An RF
Module can be used as wireless link for
communication between transmitter and
receiver. If the rider is drunk the ignition gets
automatically locked, and sends a message to
the registered number with his current location.
In case of an accident it will send a message
through GSM along with location with the help
of GPS module. The distinctive utility of project
is fall detection; if the rider falls down from the
bike it sends a message.
1 Introduction
In recent times helmets have been made
compulsory in Telangana State. Traffic
accidents in India have been increased every
year. As per Section 129 of Motor Vehicles Act,
1988, every single person riding a twowheeler is
required to wear protective headgear following
the standards of BIS (Bureau of Indian
Standards). Also drunken driving under the
influence (DUI) is a criminal offence according
to the Motor Vehicle act 1939, which states that
the bike rider will get punishment. Currently
bike riders easily escape from the law [1]. These
are the three main issues which motivates us for
developing this project. The first step is to
identify whether the helmet is worn or not. If
helmet is worn then ignition will start otherwise
it remains off. For this, Force Sensing Sensor
(FSR) sensor is used. The second step is alcohol
detection[2]. Alcohol sensor is used as breath
analyser which detects the presence of alcohol
in rider’s breath and if it exceeds permissible
limit ignition cannot start. It will send message
to the number saying that “Rider is drunk and is
trying to ride the bike”. MQ-3 sensor is used for
this purpose. When these two conditions are
satisfied then only ignition starts. The third main
issue is accident and late medical help. If the
rider has met with an accident, he may not
receive medical help instantly, which is one of
the main reasons for death. Every second people
dies due to delay in medical help, or in the case
where the place of accident is unmanned. In fall
detection, we place accelerometer in the bike
unit. By this mechanism accidents can be
detected. The aim of this project is to make à
protection system in a helmet for the safety of
bike rider. The smart helmet that is made is
fitted with different sensors responsible for
detection[3]. There are two main units in this
project. Each unit uses a microcontroller. Signal
transmission between the helmet unit and bike
unit is done using a RF module.
2 Technical Studies
2.1 Force Sensing Resistor (FSR)
Force Sensing Resistor in Figure 1 is placed
inside the helmet, where the actual human touch
is sensed. It is determined by the helmet unit
whether it is worn or not before starting the
bike. If this condition is satisfied, then it sends
the signal to bike unit to start. Force Sensing
Resistors or FSRs are strong polymer thick film
(PTF) devices whose resistance is inversely
proportional to force applied to the face of the
sensor.
This sensor is used as human touch control in
various applications, such as medical systems,
automotive electronics and in robotics and
industrial applications. Force sensing resistor is
a two-wire sensor with a resistance that changes
on applied force.
2.2 MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor
MQ-3 gas sensor is used for identifying the
alcohol content from breath. It can be positioned
just in front of the mouth. The sensor responds
to various molecules in alcohol and determines
if the rider is drunk. The sensor also has a
potentiometer to adjust the concentration of
gases. We calibrate the detector for 0.4mg/L of
alcohol concentration in air and use a resistance
of 200 KΩ. It has a 4 pins namely GND, VCC,
A out and D out. The sensor supports both
analog and digital outputs. Here we use digital
output of this sensor.
2.3 Accelerometer ADXL345
The ADXL345 is a tinny, tri-axial
accelerometer with resolution of 13 bit. The
output of accelerometer is digital and uses 16 bit
2’s complement data. It can be connected via
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI 3-4 wire) or I2C
interface. ADXL345 is used for both
measurement of static and dynamic acceleration.
In this project we use accelerometer, which
measures the static acceleration of gravity. Free-
fall sensing unit senses if the bike is falling. And
Bike unit take decision that accident is occured
or not.
2.4 RF communication circuit
An RF transmitter module is a small PCB
subassembly capable of transmitting radio
waves and modulating radio wave to carry data .
Transmitter modules are usually implemented
alongside a microcontroller which will provide
data to the module that can be transmitted. RF
transmitters are usually subject to regulatory
requirements which dictate the maximum
allowable transmitter power output, harmonics
and band edge requirements. An RF receiver
module receives the modulated RF signal and
demodulates it. There are two modules, such as,
super-heterodyne receiver and super-
regenerative receiver. Super-regenerative
modules are usually low cost and low power
designs using a series of amplifiers to extract
modulated data from a carrier wave.
Superregenerative modules are generally
imprecise as their frequency of operation varies
considerably with temperature and power
supply voltage. Super-heterodyne receivers have
a performance advantage over
superregenerative; i.e. they offer increased
accuracy and stability over a large voltage and
temperature range. This stability comes from a
fixed crystal design which in the past intended
to mean a comparatively more expensive
product. However, advances in receiver chip
design now mean that currently there is little
price difference between super-heterodyne and
super-regenerative receiver modules.
2.5 Vibration sensor
Digital vibration sensor is a digital Plug and
Play sensor block. It has vibration switch,
digital input module and dedicated sensor
expansion boards with the Arduino in
combination. It can sense the weak vibration
signals. When the accident occurs, it senses the
pressure and sends it to the Arduino which in
turn it sends the message to the registered
mobile number.
3 Construction
It is already mentioned that the project is
divided into two units namely helmet and bike.
In helmet unit, also called the transmitter unit
the force sensing resistor is placed on inside
upper part of the helmet where actually head
will touch with sensor surface. And alcohol
sensor is placed on in front of rider’s mouth so
that it can sense easily. Solar panels are
mounted on upper side of helmet which is in
direct sunlight. And the battery and regular
circuits were fixed inside the helmet. Secondary
controller and RF transmitter circuit were also
placed inside the helmet. Antenna is located
outside the helmet. (a) The receiver unit is
placed in the bike. The RF receiver accepts all
the data from the helmet (i.e transmitter) unit.
Depending on the conditions, if true, the
ignition starts and bike moves. The GSM can
continuously send the location information of
the bike. If any accident occurs, the vibration
sensor gets activated and sends the location
information to the registered mobile number.
4 Working
The first step of project is it initializes all the
port and next step is accident detection using
accelerometer. If No accident occurs, then it
will go to third step. Third step is listening to
RF module continuously for Data and interprets
data using if conditions. Fourth step is to check
weather helmet is wear or not. If Helmet is not
wore then display Message “Please wear the
helmet” will be displayed. Next step is to check
the condition of drunk, if rider is drunk, display
message "You are Drunk" and then send the
message to stored number with location, and ask
for the password. If password is correct then
bike will start. If accident is detected in sixth
step, then it will stop everything and send a
message with location.
5 Design and Realizations
A smart helmet is designed using Arduino with
transmitter . If alcohol concentration is present
in human breath, then it displays the message on
LCD and it sends the SMS to register no. with
their current location.If accident occurs and bike
falls, then it displays the message on LCD and
sends an SMS to the registered numbered with
the current geographical location.
6 Advantages, applications and future
scope
6.1 Advantages
 1. Detection of accident in remote area can be
easily detected and medical services provided in
short time.
2. It will reduce the probability of accidents by
simply avoiding drunken drive by using alcohol
detector.
6.2 Applications
1. It can be used in real time safety system.
2. We can implement the whole circuit into
small VLSI chip that can be embedded into the
helmet and bike unit.
3. It can be designed for less power consuming
safety system.
4. This safety system technology can further be
enhanced in car or other vehicle by replacing the
helmet with seat belt.
6.3 Future Scope
1. We can implement various bioelectric sensors
on the helmet to measure various activities.
2. We can use small camera for the recording
the drivers activity. It can be used for passing
message from the one vehicle to another vehicle
by using wireless transmitter.
7 Conclusion
The designed Smart helmet ensures the safety of
the rider by making it necessary to wear helmet,
and also ensures that the rider hasn’t consumed
alcohol more than the permissible limit. If any
of these prime safety rules are violated, the
proposed system will prevent the biker from
starting the bike. The system also helps in
efficient handling of the aftermath of accidents
by sending a SMS with the location of the biker
to the police station. This ensures that the
victims get proper and prompt medical
attention, if he/she met with an accident.