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Servlets & JSP: (With Tomcat & Apache)

Kai todter, 2000 servlets / JSP 1 / 24 / 2001 2 Outline Motivation: Poll Web Application Motivation: Date Servlet / Date JSP Servlet Engine: Tomcat Web Server: Apache Apache Web Server: javax.servlet.http. ; import java.util. ; public class DateServlet extends HttpServlet.

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89 views

Servlets & JSP: (With Tomcat & Apache)

Kai todter, 2000 servlets / JSP 1 / 24 / 2001 2 Outline Motivation: Poll Web Application Motivation: Date Servlet / Date JSP Servlet Engine: Tomcat Web Server: Apache Apache Web Server: javax.servlet.http. ; import java.util. ; public class DateServlet extends HttpServlet.

Uploaded by

Amit Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 67

Servlets & JSP

(with Tomcat & Apache)

Kai Tödter
CT SE 2
Siemens AG

E-mail: [email protected]
www: http://www.toedter.com
Outline
Motivation: Poll Web Application
Date Servlet/Date JSP
Servlet Engine: Tomcat
Web Server: Apache
Basic Servlet/JSP
Request
Cookies
Authorization
Session
Tag Libraries
Web Applications
JDBC
Books & Links

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 2


Poll Servlet/JSP Demo

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 3


Date Servlet (1)
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.util.*;

public class DateServlet extends HttpServlet {


public void doGet( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response )
throws ServletException, IOException {

response.setContentType( "text/html" );
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

out.println("<HTML>");
out.println("<HEAD><TITLE>Date Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println("<BODY><H2>Date Servlet: " + (new Date()) + "</H2></BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
}
}
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 4
Date Servlet (2)
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.util.*;

public class DateServlet extends HttpServlet {


public void doGet( HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response )
throws ServletException, IOException {
// ...
}
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 5
Date Servlet (3)
....
response.setContentType( "text/html" );
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

out.println("<HTML>");
out.println("<HEAD><TITLE>Date Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println("<BODY><H2>Date Servlet: " +
(new Date()) + "</H2></BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
}

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 6


Date JSP
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Date JSP</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2> Date JSP: <%= new java.util.Date() %>
</H2>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 7


Date Servlet/JSP Demo
Servlet

JSP

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 8


Servlet/JSP Engines
List of Servlet engines:
http://www.servlets.com/resources/urls/engines.html

Tomcat
Reference Implementation for Servlets & JSPs
Implementing the latest API
Open Source
Apache Project Jakarta

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 9


Installing Tomcat
Download Tomcat from jakarta.apache.org
Unzip it!
E.g. c:\java\jakarta-tomcat
Set 2 environment variables
JAVA_HOME: E.g. c:\java\jdk1.3
Tomcat_HOME: E.g. c:\java\jakarta-tomcat
Probably run Tomcat as DEFAULT web server:
Change c:\java\jakarta-tomcat\conf\server.xml
 
 
  to
 
 
 
Start Tomcat
Double click c:\java\jakarta-tomcat\bin\startup.bat
Test Tomcat
Type http://localhost:8080 in your browser
(or http://localhost , if you use port 80)

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 10


Tomcat Start Page

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 11


Tomcat File Structure

Use startup.bat & shutdown.bat


to start & stop Tomcat

Put your web application


directory here

Put your test JSP here

Put your test servlets here

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 12


Apache Web Server

Web-Site: httpd.apache.org
Free Software!
Robust, fast, powerful, many features, ...
Available for almost every operating system
E.g. Solaris, Windows, Linux, ...
Most widely used web server in the world

BUT:
Not very easy to manage and administrate

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 13


Apache Installation
Download latest version from httpd.apache.org
Under Windows: Run setup.exe
Edit Apache\httpd.conf
Change ServerAdmin to your E-Mail
Change ServerName to your computers name
Perhaps change Port from 80 (Default) to another port
Start server
Run Apache Web Server\Start Apache from Start Menu
You can also install Apache as a service (from Start Menu)
Test server
Use http://localhost in your web browser
(Or http://<your computer name>:<your port> 

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 14


Apache Test

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 15


Tomcat & Apache Integration
Download DLLs from binary Tomcat distribution

 
 

 
Put these DLLs in your Apache\modules directory
Edit Apache\conf\httpd.cnf
Put the line
include <Your tomcat directory>/conf/mod_jk.conf-auto
at the end of httpd.conf
Start Tomcat & Apache
Test your servlet/JSP with Apache
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 16
What is a Servlet?

A servlet is a web component,


managed by a container, that
generates dynamic content.

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 17


Advantages over other techniques
Generally much faster than CGI scripts
A different process model is used.
Standard API
Supported by many web servers.
All the advantages of the Java
Ease of development
Platform independence
Large API

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 18


What is a Java Server Page?

A JSP is a text-based document that


describes how to process a request to
create a response. The description
intermixes template data with some
dynamic actions and leverages the
Java 2 Platform.

E.g. a HTML page that contains Java code

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 19


JSP Benefits
Easy to combine static templates,
including HTML or XML
JSP pages compile dynamically into servlets
JSP makes it easier to author pages "by hand"
JSP tags for invoking JavaBeansTM components
Availability of authoring tools
E.g. Macromedia Dreamweaver Ultra Dev

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 20


pollEdit.jsp in Dreamweaver Ultra Dev

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 21


Model-View-Controller Architecture

View Controller

Model

Model
An object that defines the component's state
View
A visual screen representation of a component
Controller
An object that makes a component respond to user input

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 22


Advantages of MVC Architecture
Multiple appearances, multiple behaviors
Without disturbing the component's underlying architecture.
Easy extension and change of existing views or
controllers
Appearance and behavior can change at runtime

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 23


MVC with Servlets/JSP/JavaBeans

JSP Servlet

View Controller

Model

JavaBeans
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 24
Poll MVC Architecture

JSP Servlet
authorization errorpage pollController
pollAdmin pollVote
pollEdit pollResult

Java / JavaBeans
poll
pollFactory

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 25


JSP Scripting Elements
Declarations
Are inserted outside any methods (in the body) of the servlet
Example: <%! private int counter; %>
Expressions
Are evaluated and inserted into the output
Example: <%= poll.getAnswer() %>
Scriptlets
Java code, which is inserted into the servlet
Example: <% for( int i=0; i<poll.getAnswerCount(); i++ ) %>

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 26


Request
Class HTTPServletRequest
Provides information about the client request
Method (GET, POST, ...)
URI (e.g. /poll/pollController )
Protocol (e.g. HTTP/1.0)
Parameters
Header ( User Agent, Host, ... )
Cookies






Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 27


Parameters in Servlets
Getting all parameters:
Enumeration pn = request.getParameterNames();
for (;pn.hasMoreElements();) {
String parName = (String) pn.nextElement();
String parValue = (String) request.getParameter(parName);
out.println("Parameter: " + parName + " ");
out.println("Value: " + parValue + "<br>" );
}

Getting a specific parameter:


String results = request.getParameter( "results" );

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 28


Parameters in JSP
Getting all parameters:
 
!"#"$%
""&'
()$*+
% $*+*"","
( ) &"$ (*"-% $*+
./ 0
 &"'
($)*+
!
!&)!1"!&0
!/
!"2"!

Getting a specific parameter:


Results: <%= request.getParameter( "results" ); %>

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 29


Setting a Parameter in votePoll Form
<td colspan="3">
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
<% for( int i=0; i<poll.getAnswerCount(); i++ ) {
%>
<input type="radio" name="votevalue" value="<%= i %>">
<%= poll.getAnswerText(i) %> <br>
<% }
%>
</font>
</td>

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 30


pollVote.jsp Form in DreamWeaver

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 31


Error Page in JSP
Useful to have an own error page
Catching uncaught exceptions at runtime

Using an error page in a JSP


<%@ page errorPage="/util/errorpage.jsp" %>

A JSP error page


<%@ page isErrorPage="true" … % >

<html>
<head><title>JSP Error Page</title></head>
…

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 32


JSP Error Page Example

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 33


Page Forwarding
In JSP

 
   

In servlets
getServletContext().
getRequestDispatcher( "/pollResult.jsp" ).
forward( request, response );

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 34


Cookies
What is a cookie?

A cookie is a piece of textual information


Send by the Web server to the client browser
Every time the browser visits the Web site again,
the cookie is sent unchanged back to the server

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 35


Benefits of Cookies
Identification of a user
E-commerce
Poll
Customizing a site
Portals
Personal Views
Avoiding login
Useful for sites that don‘t require high security

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 36


Drawbacks of cookies
User can deny cookies in his Web browser
Might be a privacy thread
E.g. search engines remember user specific search topics

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 37


Setting a Cookie
Per session
...
String idString = Integer.toString( pollID );
Cookie cookie = new Cookie( "PowerPollVote", idString );
response.addCookie( cookie );

Persistent
...
cookie.setMaxAge( 60 * 60 * 24 ); // For 24 hours
response.addCookie( cookie );

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 38


Getting a Cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String powerPollVote = "-1";

for( int i=0; i<cookies.length; i++ ) {


if( cookies[i].getName().equals( "PowerPollVote" ) )
powerPollVote = cookies[i].getValue();
}

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 39


Session Tracking
HTTP is a “stateless“ protocol
A HttpSession object keeps state during a session
HttpSession provides a rich API
public void setAttribute( String name, Object value )
public Object getAttribute( String name )
public Object removeAttribute( String name )
public String getId()
public long getCreationTime()
...

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 40


Session Examples
In JSP
<%@ page errorPage="/util/errorpage.jsp" session="true" %>
<%
...
String user = "Kai";
session.setAttribute( "user", user );
%>

In Servlet
...
HttpSession session = request.getSession( true );
String user = (String) session.getAttribute("user");

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 41


Authorization
Needed for security aspects
Algorithm:
Check for Authorization header
If there is no Authorization header, ask for password
Set response status to SC_UNAUTHORIZED
Set response header “WWW-Authenticate“ to you realm
If there is an Authorization header
Create a BASE64Decoder
Get user and password
Check against stored user & password

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 42


Authorization Example (1)
<%@ page errorPage="/util/errorpage.jsp" session= "true"
import="sun.misc.*" %>

<%
String aut = request.getHeader("Authorization");
if (aut == null) {
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
response.setHeader( "WWW-Authenticate",
"BASIC realm=\"Web Poll\"„ );
return;
}
else {
// See next slide
}
%>
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 43
Authorization Example (2)
else {
aut = aut.substring( aut.indexOf(' ')+1 );
BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
String s = new String( decoder.decodeBuffer( aut ));
String user = s.substring( 0,s.indexOf(':') );
String passwd = s.substring( s.indexOf(':')+1 );
if( !(user.equals( "Kai" ) && ( passwd.equals( "jtf" )))) {
response.setStatus( HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED );
response.setHeader( "WWW-Authenticate", "BASIC realm=\"Poll\"");
return;
}
}

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 44


Authorization Example (3)

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 45


JavaBeans
Java component model
Minimal requirements to a bean:
Public empty constructor (no parameters)
Should have no public attributes
attribute XXX should be accessed through
public Type getXXX()
public void setXXX( Type xxx )
JavaBeans are easy to use in JSP
Examples:
<jsp:useBean id = "myBean" class = "mypackage.MyClass" />
<%= myBean.getXXX() %>
<jsp:setProperty name = "myBean" property = "XXX" value = "test" />

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 46


Setting Parameters to Bean Properties
Setting a specific bean property
<jsp:setProperty name = "myBean"
property = "XXX"
value = '<% request.getParameter( "XXX" ) %>' />

Setting the properties of a bean from all parameters


<jsp:setProperty name = "myBean" property= "*" />

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 47


JSP Tag Libraries
Creating of custom tags
Tags can manipulate JSP content
JavaBeans can not!
Easy to use for HTML Designers
Complex operations can be hidden by simple tags
Better separation of HTML Design & Java source
code

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 48


Tag Library Descriptor (1)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE taglib
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.1//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-jsptaglibrary_1_1.dtd">
<taglib>
<tlibversion>1.0</tlibversion>
<jspversion>1.1</jspversion>
<shortname>poll</shortname>
<uri></uri>
<info>
A tag lib for a web poll
</info>
... Tags, see next slide
</taglib>
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 49
Tag Library Descriptor (2)
... See previous slide
<taglib>
... See previous slide
<tag>
<name>htmlfilter</name>
<tagclass>polltaglib.HtmlFilterTag</tagclass>
<bodycontent>JSP</bodycontent>
<info>
A filter for HTML characters
</info>
</tag>
</taglib>

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 50


JSP Tag Java Source
public class HtmlFilterTag extends BodyTagSupport {
public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
try {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
out.print( filter( getBodyContent().getString()));
}
catch( IOException e ) {
throw new JspException(e .getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
}
return (EVAL_PAGE);
}

public int doStartTag() throws JspException {


return EVAL_BODY_TAG;
}
}
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 51
JSP Tag Lib Example
<%@ page session="false" errorPage="/util/errorpage.jsp" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/taglib/polltaglib.tld" prefix="poll" %>

<html>
<body>
<pre>
<poll:htmlfilter>
<html>
<body>
<h3 align=center>The Tag poll:htmlfilter</h3>
<p>Paragraph: HTML except JSP tags
</body>
</html>
</poll:htmlfilter>
</pre>
</body>
</html>
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 52
Web Applications
Java Runtime Environment(s)
Running in the server (required)
JSP(s)
Handle requests and generate dynamic content
Servlet(s)
Handle requests and generate dynamic content
Server-side JavaBeans components
Encapsulate behavior and state
Static HTML, DHTML, XHTML, XML and similar pages.
Client-side Java classes
Applets, JavaBeans, other Java class files
Java Runtime Environment(s)
Downloadable via the Plugin
Running in client(s)

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 53


Web Application Structure
Root for Web Applications
Poll Web Application

Classes

Additional JAR Files

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 54


Web Application Deployment
Web Applications can be deployed as
File Structure
WAR file (Web Application Archive, JAR format)
Optional Deployment Desciptor
Located in \WEB-INF\web.xml
Simple XML structure (see next slide)
Description of the web application, icons, ...
Servlet desriptors
Tag Library descriptors
...

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 55


Simple Deployment Descriptor
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.2//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2.2.dtd">

<web-app>
<display-name>
Web Poll (Kai Toedter)
</display-name>
<description>
A Web Poll with Java, Servlets and JSP
</description>
</web-app>

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 56


JDBC
No Acronym
Unofficially: Java Database Connectivity
Standard Java API for database access
Free database software
MySQL
Download at www.mysql.com
Free JDBC driver
Download at www.mysql.com/downloads/api-jdbc.html

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 57


JDBC Standard Procedure
Load Driver
Get Connection from database URL
Create Statement
Execute Query
Process ResultSet
Close
ResultSet
Statement
Connetion

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 58


JDBC Example (1)
try {
Class.forName( "org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver" );
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:mysql:///Poll", user, password );
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(
"SELECT * FROM InnovationTest ORDER BY id" );
rs.beforeFirst();
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt( "id" );
String poll = rs.getString( "poll" );
System.out.println( id + " : " + poll );
}
}
catch (SQLException e) { ...
Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 59
JDBC Example (2)
private boolean createTestData( Statement statement)
throws java.sql.SQLException
{
try {
statement.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE Poll");
}
catch (SQLException e) {}
statement.executeUpdate( "CREATE TABLE Poll (id int PRIMARY KEY,
poll char(32))" );
for (int i = 0; i < pollCount; i++) {
statement.executeUpdate( "INSERT INTO Poll VALUES ("
+ pollNr(i) + ", ' " + pollQuestion(i) + "' )");
}
return true;
}

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 60


Connection Pooling
Opening/Closing a database connection is time-
consuming
Short queries may take less time

It might be a good idea to


Probably preallocate connections
In the servlet init method
Store connections
Reuse connections

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 61


Connection Pooling Example (1)
public void init() {
// initialize JDBC driver, url, ...
jdbcConnPool = new JDBCConnectionPool( jdbcDriver, url,
user, password, initialConnections, ... )
// ...
}

public void destroy() {


jdbcConnPool.closeAll();
}

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 62


Connection Pooling Example (2)
public void doGet( ... ) {
// ...
JDBCConnection conn = jdbcConnPool.getConnection();
// Execute query
conn.release();

// ...
}

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 63


Books
Core Servlets and Java Server Pages
Author: Marty Hall
ISBN: 0-13-089340
www.coreservlets.com

Java Server Pages (German)


Author: Volker Thurau

 

shannon.informatik.fh-wiesbaden.de/jsp

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 64


Links
Java Server Pages
java.sun.com/products/jsp
Servlets
java.sun.com/products/servlet
Tomcat
jakarta.apache.org
Apache Web Server
httpd.apache.org
Download slides
www.toedter.com

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 65


Summary
Poll Web Application
Date Servlet/Date JSP
Servlet Engine: Tomcat
Web Server: Apache
Basic Servlet/JSP
Request
Cookies
Authorization
Session
Tag Libraries
Web Applications
JDBC
Books & Links

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 66


Discussion + Q&A

Servlets/JSP © Kai Tödter, 2000 1/24/2001 67

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