Technology Applications for Business

Session 3

IS Stream

Oct-18
 Cloud Computing: Evolution

Computing Paradigms
 HPC
– Pool of processors (processor machines or central processing
units [CPUs])
• Processor machines can be of homogeneous or heterogeneous type
– Connected (networked) with other resources
• Memory, storage, and input and output devices
• Deployed software is enabled to run in the entire system of
connected components
– Normally usage: to solve scientific problems
• Perform suitable simulation study

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 Cloud Computing: Evolution

Computing Paradigms
 Parallel
– One of the facets of HPC
– Set of processors work cooperatively to solve a computational problem
• Processor machines or CPUs are mostly of homogeneous type
– Simultaneous use of multiple processor Machines
• Problem is broken down into discrete parts
– Each part can be solved concurrently
• Each part is further broken down into a series of instructions
• Instructions from each part are executed simultaneously on different
processors
• An overall control/coordination mechanism is employed

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 Cloud Computing: Evolution

Computing Paradigms
 Distributed Computing
– Goal: make computers in a network – Advantageous over centralized systems
work as a single computer • Scalability
– Ability of the system to be easily
– Computing system that consists of expanded by adding more machines as
multiple computers or processor needed, and vice versa
machines – Without affecting the existing setup.

• Can be homogeneous or heterogeneous • Redundancy or replication

– Several machines can provide the same
• Connected through a network
services
• Runs as a single system – Even if one is unavailable (or failed),
– CPUs can be physically close together work does not stop
– Other similar computing supports will be
• Connected by a local network
available
– Can also be geographically distant
• Connected by a wide area network
– Support for heterogeneity
• Supports any number of possible
configurations in the processor machines
– Mainframes, PCs, workstations,
minicomputers

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 Cloud Computing: Evolution

Computing Paradigms
 Cluster Computing
– Consists of a set of the same or similar type of processor machines
– Connected using a dedicated network infrastructure
– All processor machines share resources
• Common home directory
• Have a software implementation
– Installed to allow programs to be run across all nodes simultaneously
– Individual computers in a cluster can be referred to as nodes
• Nodes can work together to solve a problem
– Larger than any single computer can easily solve
– Need to communicate with one another
– In order to work cooperatively and meaningfully together
– To solve the problem in hand

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 Cloud Computing: Evolution

Computing Paradigms
 Grid Computing
– Make use of non-utilized computing power in organizations
• Thereby increase ROI on computing investments
– Network of computing or processor machines
• Managed with a kind of software such as middleware
• In order to access and use the resources remotely
• Referred to as Grid Services
– Provide access control, security, access to data including digital libraries, databases
– Access to large-scale interactive and long-term storage facilities
– Popularity:
• Ability to make use of unused computing power
– Cost-effective solution (reducing investments, only recurring costs)
• Equivalent to HPC
• Enables heterogeneous resources of computers to work cooperatively,
collaboratively

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 Cloud Computing: Evolution

Computing Paradigms
 Cloud
– Taking ahead the principles of grid computing
– Grid computing supports leveraging several computers in parallel to
solve a particular application
– Cloud computing supports leveraging multiple resources, including
computing resources, to deliver a unified service to the end user
• Servers, storage, network, applications, and processes
• Can be dynamically provisioned to the user needs and workload

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 Cloud Computing: Fundamentals

 Motivation for Cloud Computing:

– Capital Vs. Operational expenditure
– Services of Computing resources
– Subscription Vs. Ownership
– Element of convenience
 NIST Definition:
– “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction”
 Perspectives: Service and Platform
– Service: Access, Share, Security
– Platform:
• Support on which applications run or give results to the users
• Operating system for internet-based applications
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 Principles of Cloud Computing

 Five Essential Characteristics  Requirements for Cloud Services:

– On-demand self-service – Multi-tenancy
– Broad network access
– Service life cycle management
– Elastic resource pooling
– Security
– Rapid elasticity
– Measured service – Responsiveness
 Four Cloud Deployment Models – Portability
– Private Cloud – Interoperability
– Public Cloud – Regulatory aspects
– Community Cloud – Environmental sustainability
– Hybrid Cloud – Service reliability, service
 Three Service Offering Models availability, and quality assurance
– SaaS, PaaS, IaaS – Service access
 Cloud Ecosystem: – Flexibility
– CSU, CSP, CSN – Accounting and charging
– Massive data processing

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 Cloud Management

 Cloud Architecture  Cloud Structure

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 Cloud Service Models: Responsibilities

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 IaaS Overview

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 PaaS Overview

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 Before Virtualization

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 After Virtualization

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 Security in the Cloud

 Protection of confidential data: business, government, or

regulatory
 Multiple tenants sharing the same infrastructure
 Data mobility and associated legal issues
 Lack of standards about how CSPs securely recycle disk
space and erase existing data
 Auditing, reporting, and compliance
 Loss of visibility to key security and operational intelligence
 Breach notification and data residency
 Data protection in motion
 Identity management and access control

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 Cloud Computing

Challenges of Migrating to the Cloud

– Tight coupling between hardware and software

– Applications that do not scale

– The cost is not justified

– IT staff may not have the relevant skills

– Security is a key concern

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 Cloud Computing

5 Major Reasons for Adopting the Cloud

– Applications that have volatile demand

– Low business risk and commodity applications

– Applications that require collaboration

– Big Data storage and analysis

– Capital available for infrastructure is low

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 Cloud: Benefits & Drawbacks

 Achieve economies of scale  Internet Connection: critical

 Reduce spending on technology  Security
infrastructure  Not owned: control with vendor
 Globalize the workforce  Interoperability of applications
 Streamline business processes
 Reduce capital costs
 Pervasive accessibility
 Monitor projects more effectively
 Less personnel training is needed
 Minimize maintenance and
licensing software
 Improved flexibility

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 Cloud Computing

Economic Rationale for Cloud Computing

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Thank you