BAB IV

PERHITUNGAN BALOK MELINTANG

47
IV. 1.BalokInduk 1-1
Balok Induk 1-1 = Balok Induk 7-7
A. Perhitungan Tulangan Longitudinal
1. Dimensi Pada Balok Melintang
Direncanakan :
Berat volume beton bertulang = 2400 kg/m3 = 24 kN/m3
fc’ = 25 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa
selimut beton (s) = 40 mm
tulangan sengkang Ø 8 mm.

Dimensi pada balok memanjang

- b balok = 200 mm = 0,20 m
- h balok = 400 mm = 0,40 m
Beban mati (DL) = 2,35 kN/m2
Beban hidup (LL) = 2 kN/m2

2. Menghitung Beban-Beban yang Bekerja Pada Titik

qbalok = 2,88 kN
qplat DL = 7,06 kN
qplat LL = 6,00 Kn
PA = qbalok+ qplat DL+qplat LL
= 2,88 + 7,06 + 6
= 15,94 kN
PB = qbalok+ 2 (qplat DL+qplat LL)
= 2,88 + 2 (7,06+6)
= 29,0064 Kn
PC = qbalok+ qplat DL+qplat LL
= 2,88 + 7,06 + 6
= 15,94 kN

48
3. Menghitung Beban-Beban yang BekerjaPadaBalok

 Digunakan berat sendiri Balok

q1 = ybeton × b balok × h balok
= 24 × 0,2 × 0,4 = 1,92kN/m
 Momen Primer
1 1
MP q1  . q1. x 2  . (1,92). (3) 2  1,44 kN.m
12 12
 MenghitungKekakuan
1
I =12 x (b beton x 100) x (h beton x 100)3
1
I = 12 x (0,2 x 100) x (0,4 x 100)3 = 106666,67 cm4
4 4
Kab=Kbc =𝑥 ×100 = 3 ×100 = 0,013 EI
4 4
Kda=Kbe=Kcf = = = 0,01 EI
ℎ×100 4×100

 MenghitungFaktorDistribusi
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- d=e =f=𝐾𝑎𝑏 = 0,013 𝐸𝐼 = 1
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- a=c = 𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI = 0,5
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- e = 𝐾𝑑𝑎+Kab+Kda = 0,010 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI+0,010 EI= 0,4
𝐾𝑑𝑎 0,010 𝐸𝐼
- ba=bc =𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kda+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,010 EI+0,013 EI = 0,3

49
 Tabel III.7 DistribusiMomen

Tabel Distribusi Momen

Joint D A B C F

Batang AD DA AB Mlap BA BE BC Mlap CB CF FC

 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

FEM 0 0 1.440 - -1.44 0 1.440 - -1.440 0 0

Balance 0 -0.720 -0.720 - 0 0 0 - 0.720 0.720 0

Co -0.360 0 0 - -0.360 0 0.36 - 0 0 0.4

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
- 0
Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Total -0.36 -0.72 0.72 1.62 -1.80 0 1.80 1.62 -0.72 0.72 0.36

50
51
 M AB  2,52
H DA    0,63kN ()
H 4
H EB 0
M CF 2,52
H FC    0,63kN()
H 4
4. Menghitung Beban-Beban yang Bekerja Pada Plat

 Digunakan berat sendiri Plat

q2 = WDL × 2 = 2,35 × 2 = 4,71 kN/m
 Momen Primer
5q 2 5.4,71 2.
MP q2  . x 2.  . 3  2,21 kN.m
96 96
 MenghitungKekakuan
1
I = 12 x (b beton x 100) x (h beton x 100)3
1
I = 12 x (0,2 x 100) x (0,4 x 100)3 = 106666,67 cm4
4 4
Kab=Kc =𝑥 ×100 = 3 ×100 = 0,013 EI
4 4
Kda=Kbe=Kcf = = = 0,01 EI
ℎ×100 4×100

 MenghitungFaktorDistribusi
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- d=e =f=𝐾𝑎𝑏 = 0,013 𝐸𝐼 = 1
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- a=c = 𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI = 0,5
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- e = 𝐾𝑑𝑎+Kab+Kda = 0,010 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI+0,010 EI= 0,4
𝐾𝑑𝑎 0,010 𝐸𝐼
- ba=bc =𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kda+Kab = = 0,3
0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,010 EI+0,013 EI

52
 Tabel III.8 Distribusi momen plat (DL)

Tabel Distribusi Momen

Joint D A B C F

Batang AD DA AB Mlap BA BE BC Mlap CB CF FC

 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

FEM 0 0 2.207 - -2.21 0 2.207 - -2.207 0 0

Balance 0 -1.104 -1.104 - 0 0 0 - 1.104 1.104 0

Co -0.552 0 0 - -0.552 0 0.551813 - 0 0 0.6

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
- 0
Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Total -0.55 -1.10 1.10 1.82 -2.76 0 2.76 1.82 -1.10 1.10 0.55

53
54
 M AB  3,86
H DA    0,97kN ()
H 4
H EB  0
M CF 3,86
H FC    0,97kN()
H 4

 Digunakan berat hidup Plat

q3 = WLL × 1,5 = 2 × 2 = 4,00kN/m
 Momen Primer
5q3 5.4,00 2.
MP q3  . x 2.  . 3  1,88 kN.m
96 96
 MenghitungKekakuan
1
I = 12 x (b beton x 100) x (h beton x 100)3
1
I = 12 x (0,2 x 100) x (0,4 x 100)3 = 106666,67 cm4
4 4
Kab=Kc =𝑥 ×100 = 3 ×100 = 0,013 EI
4 4
Kda=Kbe=Kcf = = 4×100= 0,01 EI
ℎ×100

 MenghitungFaktorDistribusi
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- d=e =f=𝐾𝑎𝑏 = 0,013 𝐸𝐼 = 1
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- a=c = 𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI = 0,5
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- e = 𝐾𝑑𝑎+Kab+Kda = 0,010 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI+0,010 EI= 0,4
𝐾𝑑𝑎 0,010 𝐸𝐼
- ba=bc =𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kda+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,010 EI+0,013 EI = 0,3

55
 Tabel III.9 Distribusi Momen Plat (LL)

Tabel Distribusi Momen

Joint D A B C F

Batang AD DA AB Mlap BA BE BC Mlap CB CF FC

 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

FEM 0 0 1.875 - -1.88 0 1.875 - -1.875 0 0

Balance 0 -0.938 -0.938 - 0 0 0 - 0.938 0.938 0

Co -0.469 0 0 - -0.469 0 0.46875 - 0 0 0.5

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
- 0
Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Total -0.47 -0.94 0.94 1.55 -2.34 0 2.34 1.55 -0.94 0.94 0.47

56
57
 M AB  3,28
H DA    0,82kN ()
H 4
H EB  0
M CF 3,28
H FC    0,82kN()
H 4

 Kombinasi Momen Balok

Mu1 = 1,4 x balok(DL) = 1,4 x 1,62 = 2,27 kN.m
Mu2 = 1,2 x balok(DL) + 1,6 x balok(LL)
= 1,2 x 1,62 + 1,6 x 0
= 1,94 KN.m
 Kombinasi Momen Plat
Mu1 = 1,4 x plat (DL) = 1,4 x 1,82 = 2,55 kN.m
Mu2 = 1,2 x plat (DL) + 1,6 x plat (LL)
= 1,2 x 1,82 + 1,6 x 1,55
= 4,66 KN.m

 Jumlah Kombinasi Momen Lapangan

ΣMu1 = Mu1(balok)+Mu1(plat)
= 2,27 + 1,94
= 4,82 kN.m

ΣMu2 = Mu2(balok)+Mu2(plat)
= 1,94 + 4,66
= 6,60 kN.m

58
 5. Tulangan Tumpuan Balok Melintang

Data :
Momen Ultimate (Mu) = 9,22 Kn.m As = 379,94 mm2
Ø Mu = 11,53 Kn.m banyak batang = 2 batang
Ρ = 0,01 As θ 22 = 759,88mm2
Lebar (b) = 200 mm 2 As’ θ 22 = 759,88 mm2
d (efektif) = 341 mm Fy = 400 Mpa
As perlu = 682 mm2 Fs’ = 400 Mpa
θ tulangan = 22 mm a = 3,80 mm
β1 = 0,85 c = 4,47 mm
s = 40 mm θ sengkang = 8 mm
d’ = 59 mm fc’ = 25 Mpa

d(efektif) = d – s – θ sengkang – ½(θ tulangan)

= 400 – 40 – 8 – ½(22)
= 341 mm
As(perlu) = ρ . b .d(efektif)
= 0,01 . 200 . 341
= 682 mm2
d’ = s + θ sengkang + ½(θ tulangan tekan)
= 40 + 8 + ½ ( 22 )
= 59 mm
As = 1/4 . π . D2
= ¼ . 3,14. 222
= 379,94 mm2
𝐴𝑠(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑢)
n =
𝐴𝑠
682
=
379,94
= 1,27 = 2 batang
2 As θ 22 = As . n
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2

59
 2 As’ θ 22 = As . 2
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2
(𝐴𝑠−𝐴𝑠 ′ ).𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑠′
a = +
0,85 .𝐹𝑐 ′ .𝑏 𝑏
(759,88−759,88).400 759,88
= +
0,85 .25.200 200
= 3,80 mm
𝑎
c =
β1
3,80
=
0,85
= 4,47 mm
 Kontrol
(d(efektif)−c) x 0,003
εs = 𝑐
(341−4,47) x 0,003
= 4,47

= 0,2259 ≥ 0,002 .....OK!!

c−d′
εs' =𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑐x εs
4,47−59
= x 0,2259
341−4,47

= -0,03660< 0,002.... Tidak OK

Cc = 0,85x fc’x a x b –2 As’ θ 22

= 0,85 x 25 x 3,80 x 200 – 759,88
=0N

Cs = 2 As’ θ 22 x fs’
= 759,88 x 400
= 303952 N

60
 𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑎
Mn = Cc x + Cs x defektif – d’
2
341−3,80
=0x + 303952 x 341– 59
2

= 85714464 N.mm
= 85,714 Kn.m

Kesimpulan , Mn ≥ ф Mu
85,714 Kn.m ≥ 11,53 Kn.m … OK!
Ternyata. fs = fy dan fs’ < fy
Maka diselesaikan dengan cara iterasi.
Iterasi c a fs=fy Εs εs' fs' Cc Cs Cc+Cs Ts
1 55,000 46,75 400 0,0156 -0,00113 -226,90909 182540,05 -172423,68 10116,37 303952
2 60,000 51,00 400 0,0141 0,00023 46,833333 200602,55 35587,713 236190,26 303952
3 61,905 52,62 400 0,0135 0,00063 126,95042 207485,34 96467,085 303952,42 303952

Jadi didapat : c = 61,905mm

Cs = 96467,085 N
Cc = 207485,34N
Mn = Cs (d-d’) + Cc (d - a/2)
= 96467,085 (341-59) + 207485,34 (341 – 52,62/2)
= 92497333N.mm = 92,497kN.m

Kontrol :
Mu /Ø < Mn
11,53 kN.m < 92,497 kN.m (OKE!)

61
 6. Tulangan Lapangan Balok Melintang (L)

Diketahui :
hf = 100 mm
bw = 200 mm
ρ = 0,01
β1 = 0,85
b = bw + (3.hf)
= 200 + (3. 100)
=500 mm
d(efektif) = d – s – θ sengkang – ½(θ tulangan)
= 400 – 40 – 8 – ½(22)
= 341 mm
As(perlu) = ρ . b .d(efektif)
= 0,01 . 200 . 341
= 682 mm2
0,85 𝐹𝑐′ 600
̅𝜌𝑏
̅̅̅ = .β1.
𝐹𝑦 600+𝐹𝑦
0,85 25 600
= .β1.
400 600+400
= 0,027
ℎ𝑓
ρf = 0,85 Fc’.(b-bw).
𝐹𝑦.𝑏𝑤.𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)
100
= 0,85.25.(800-200).
400.200.341
= 0,023
𝑏𝑤
0,75 ρb = 0,75 . .(̅𝜌𝑏
̅̅̅ + ρf)
𝑏
200
= 0,75 . .( 0,027 + 0,023)
800
= 0,02
Kesimpulan , ρ ≤ 0,75 ρb
0,01 ≤ 0,02 … OK!

62
.ρ. min = 1,4 /Fy
= 1,4 / 400
= 0,0035
Kesimpulan , ρ ≥ ρ. min
0,01 ≥ 0,0035 … OK!

𝐹𝑦
 = ρ.
𝐹𝑐′
400
= 0,01.
25
= 0,16
1,18 . ω . d(efektif)
C =
β1
1,18 . 0,16 . 341
=
0,85
= 75,74
Kesimpulan , C ≤ hf
75,74 ≤ 100 .. Balok T Palsu

Karena penampang Balok T Palsu, maka perhitungan sama dengan balok

persegi.

Data :
Momen Ultimate (Mu) = 6,60 Kn.m As = 379,94 mm2
Ø Mu = 8,26 Kn.m banyak batang = 2 batang
Ρ = 0,01 As θ 22 = 759,88mm2
Lebar (b) = 200 mm As’ θ 22 = 759,88 mm2
d (efektif) = 341 mm Fy = 400 Mpa
As perlu = 682 mm2 Fs’ = 400 Mpa
θ tulangan = 22 mm a = 3,80 mm
β1 = 0,85 c = 4,47 mm
s = 40 mm θ sengkang = 8 mm
d’ = 59 mm fc’ = 25 Mpa

d(efektif) = d – s – θ sengkang – ½(θ tulangan)

= 400 – 40 – 8 – ½(22)
= 341 mm
As(perlu) = ρ . b .d(efektif)
= 0,01 . 200 . 341
= 682 mm2
d’ = s + θ sengkang + ½(θ tulangan tekan)
= 40 + 8 + ½ ( 22 )
= 59 mm
As = 1/4 . π . D2
= ¼ . 3,14. 222
= 379,94 mm2

63
 𝐴𝑠(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑢)
n =
𝐴𝑠
682
=
379,94
= 1,8= 2 batang
2 As θ 22 = As . n
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2
2 As’ θ 22 = As . 2
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2
(𝐴𝑠−𝐴𝑠 ′ ).𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑠′
a = +
0,85 .𝐹𝑐 ′ .𝑏 𝑏
(759,88−759,88).400 759,88
= +
0,85 .25.200 200
= 3,80 mm
𝑎
c =
β1
3,80
=
0,85
= 4,47 mm

 Kontrol
(d(efektif)−c) x 0,003
εs =
𝑐
(341−4,47) x 0,003
= 4,47

= 0,2259 ≥ 0,002 .....OK!!

c−d′
εs' =𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑐x εs
4,47−59
=341−4,47x 0,2259

= -0,03660< 0,002.... Tidak OK

Cc = 0,85x fc’x a x b –2 As’ θ 22
= 0,85 x 25 x 3,80 x 200 – 759,88
=0N
Cs = 2 As’ θ 22 x fs’
= 759,88 x 400
= 303952 N

64
 𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑎
Mn = Cc x + Cs x defektif – d’
2
341−3,80
=0x + 303952 x 341– 59
2

= 85714464 N.mm
= 85,714 Kn.m
Kesimpulan , Mn ≥ф Mu
85,714 kN.m ≥ 8,26 kN.m … OK!

Ternyatafs = fy dan fs’ < fy

Maka diselesaikan dengan cara iterasi.
Iterasi C a fs=fy Εs εs' fs' Cc Cs Cc+Cs Ts
1 60,000 51,00 400 0,0141 0,00023 46,833333 200602,55 35587,71333 236190,26 303952
2 61,000 51,85 400 0,0138 0,00045 90,298307 204215,05 68615,87745 272830,93 303952
3 61,905 52,62 400 0,0135 0,00063 126,95042 207485,34 96467,08509 303952,42 303952

Jadi didapat : c= 61,905mm

Cs =96467,08509N
Cc = 207485,34N
Mn = Cs (d-d’) + Cc (d - a/2)
= 96467,08509(341-59) +207485,34(341 – 53,99/2)
= 92497332,97 N.mm = 92,497 kN.m

Kontrol :
Mu /Ø < Mn
8,26 kN.m < 92,497 kN.m (OKE!)

65
B. Menghitung Tulangan Transversal / Geser
Langkah-langkah :
1. Mencari nilai Vu :
- Vu primer akibat beban balok (DL) :
Vu = 1,2 (3,72-(1,92.3)) = 2,45 kN
- Vu primer akibat beban balok (LL) :
Vu= 0 kN
- Vu primer akibat beban pelat (DL) :
Vu= 1,2 (4,82-((4,71.3)/2)) = 2,69 kN
- Vu primer akibat beban pelat (LL) :
Vu= 1,6(4,09-((4.3)/2)) = 3,05 kN

Jadi Vu total pada batang primer = 2(2,45 + 0 + 2,69 + 3,05)

= 16,38 kN

2. Menghitung Tulangan Geser Balok Melintang

Gaya Lintang Maksimum (Vu) = 16,38 kN = 16381,69 N
Fc’ = 25 Mpa
Fy = 400 Mpa
b = 200 mm
d = 341 mm
16381,69
Vn= = 20477,1125 𝑁
0,8

- Gaya geser yang harus dipikul beton dan tulangan geser (Vnd)
L = 1,5 m = 1500 mm
1500−341
Vnd = 𝑥 20477,1125 = 15821,98 𝑁
1500

- Gaya geser yang bisa dipikul oleh beton (Vc)

1
Vc = 6 √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏. 𝑑
1
= 6 √25 . 200 . 341 = 56833,333 𝑁

½ Vc = ½ x Vc
= ½ x 56833,333 = 28416,667 N

66
 - Panjang Lx1
L = 1,5 m = 1500 mm
𝐿−𝑑 1 1500−341
Lx1 = 𝑉𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 𝑣𝑐 = 𝑥 28416,667 = 2081,59 𝑚𝑚
15821,98

- Zonasi
V
2/3( fc')^0,5.b.d = 227333.3333 N
IV
1/3( fc')^0,5.b.d = 113666.6667 N
III
1/16( fc')^0,5.b.d = 21312.5 N
II
1/12( fc')^0,5.b.d = 28416.7 N
I

3. Gaya geser yang harus dipikul tulangan geser (Vs)

Vu < Vc (Zonasi 1)
- Spasi tulangan geser (s)
Kesimpulan :Karena Vu masuk zonasi I maka s yang
digunakan s minimum
𝐴𝑣 𝑏𝑤 200
= = = 0,167
𝑆 3𝑓𝑦 3 × 400
dipakaisengkang 8 (Av = 50,24 mm2)
50,24
S = 0,167 = 301,44 mm

S 301,44
S maks =   150,72mm ≈ 150 mm
2 2

67
4. Gaya geser yang harus dipikul tulangan geser (Vs’)
Vs’ = Vc – ½ Vc =56833,333-28416,667= 28416,667(Zonasi II)
- Spasi tulangan geser (s)
Digunakan tulangan baja Ø8 (Av = 50,24 mm2).
3.𝐴𝑣.𝐹𝑦 3.50,24.400
s1 = = = 301,44 mm
𝑑 200

s2 < 1/2 d = 1/2 x 341 = 170,5 mm ≈ 120 mm

Jadi, pada balok melintang akan dipasang tulangan sengkang Ø8 -120

3.𝐴𝑣.𝐹𝑦
mm karena pada perhitungan (s < ½ d) < (s1 = )
𝑏

68
IV. 2.BalokInduk 2-2
Balok Induk 2-2 = Balok Induk 3-3 = Balok Induk 4-4 = Balok Induk
5-5 = Balok Induk 6-6
A. Perhitungan Tulangan Longitudinal
1. Dimensi Pada Balok Melintang
Direncanakan :
Berat volume beton bertulang = 2400 kg/m3 = 24 kN/m3
fc’ = 25 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa
selimut beton (s) = 40 mm
tulangan sengkang Ø 8 mm.

Dimensipadabalokmemanjang
- b balok = 200 mm = 0,20 m
- h balok= 400 mm = 0,40 m
Beban mati (DL) = 2,35 kN/m2
Beban hidup (LL) = 2 kN/m2

2. Menghitung Beban-Beban yang Bekerja Pada Titik

qbalok = 5,76 kN
qplat DL = 14,13 kN
qplat LL = 12,00 Kn
PA = Pbalok+ Pplat DL+Pplat LL
= 5,76 + 14,13 + 12
= 31,89 kN
PB = Pbalok+ 2 (Pplat DL+Pplat LL)
= 5,76 + 2 (14,13+12)
= 58,01 Kn
PC = Pbalok+ Pplat DL+Pplat LL
= 5,76 + 14,13 + 12
= 31,89 kN

69
3. Menghitung Beban-Beban yang Bekerja Pada Balok

 Digunakan berat sendiri Balok

q1 = ybeton × b balok × h balok
= 24 × 0,2 × 0,4 = 1,92 kN/m
 Momen Primer
1 1
MP q1  . q1. x 2  . (1,92). (3) 2  1,44 kN.m
12 12
 MenghitungKekakuan
1
I = 12 x (b beton x 100) x (h beton x 100)3
1
I = 12 x (0,2 x 100) x (0,4 x 100)3 = 106666,67 cm4
4 4
Kab = Kbc𝑥 ×100 = 3 ×100 = 0,013 EI
4 4
Kda=Kbe=Kcf = ℎ ×100 = 4 ×100 = 0,010 EI

 MenghitungFaktorDistribusi
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- d=e =f=𝐾𝑎𝑏 = 0,013 𝐸𝐼 = 1
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- a=c = 𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI = 0,5
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- e = 𝐾𝑑𝑎+Kab+Kda = 0,010 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI+0,010 EI= 0,4
𝐾𝑑𝑎 0,010 𝐸𝐼
- ba=bc =𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kda+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,010 EI+0,013 EI = 0,3

70
 Tabel III.1 Distribusi Momen Balok

Tabel Distribusi Momen

Joint D A B C F

Batang AD DA AB Mlap BA BE BC Mlap CB CF FC

 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

FEM 0 0 1.440 - -1.44 0 1.440 - -1.440 0 0

Balance 0 -0.720 -0.720 - 0 0 0 - 0.720 0.720 0

Co -0.360 0 0 - -0.360 0 0.36 - 0 0 0.4

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
- 0
Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Total -0.36 -0.72 0.72 1.62 -1.80 0 1.80 1.62 -0.72 0.72 0.36

71
72
 M AB  2,52
H DA    0,63kN ()
H 4
H EB 0
M CF 2,52
H FC    0,63kN()
H 4
4. Menghitung Beban-Beban yang Bekerja Pada Plat

 Digunakan berat sendiri Plat

q2 = WDL × 2 × 2 = 2,35 × 2 × 2 = 9,42 kN/m
 Momen Primer
5 5
MP q2  × q2 × x 2  × 9,42 × 3 2  4,41 kN.m
96 96
 MenghitungKekakuan
1
I = 12 x (b beton x 100) x (h beton x 100)3
1
I = 12 x (0,2 x 100) x (0,4 x 100)3 = 106666,67 cm4
4 4
Kab = Kbc𝑥 ×100 = 3 ×100 = 0,013 EI
4 4
Kda=Kbe=Kcf = ℎ ×100 = 4 ×100 = 0,010 EI

 MenghitungFaktorDistribusi
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- d=e =f=𝐾𝑎𝑏 = 0,013 𝐸𝐼 = 1
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- a=c = 𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI = 0,5
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- e = 𝐾𝑑𝑎+Kab+Kda = 0,010 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI+0,010 EI= 0,4
𝐾𝑑𝑎 0,010 𝐸𝐼
- ba=bc =𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kda+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,010 EI+0,013 EI = 0,3

73
 Tabel III.2 Distribusi momen plat(DL)

Tabel Distribusi Momen

Joint D A B C F
Batang AD DA AB Mlap BA BE BC Mlap CB CF FC

 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

FEM 0 0 4.415 - -4.41 0 4.415 - -4.415 0 0
Balance 0 -2.207 -2.207 - 0 0 0 - 2.207 2.207 0
Co -1.104 0 0 - -1.104 0 1.103625 - 0 0 1.1
Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
Co 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
Total -1.10 -2.21 2.21 3.64 -5.52 0 5.52 3.64 -2.21 2.21 1.10

74
75
 M AB  7,73
H DA    1,93kN()
H 4
H EB  0
M CF 7,73
H FC    1,93kN()
H 4

 Digunakan berat hidup Plat

q2 = WLL × 2× 2 = 2 × 2 = 8,00 kN/m

 Momen Primer
5 5
MP q3=  × q3 × x 2  × 8,000 × 3 2  3,75 kN.m
96 96
 MenghitungKekakuan
1
I = 12 x (b beton x 100) x (h beton x 100)3
1
I = 12 x (0,2 x 100) x (0,4 x 100)3 = 106666,67 cm4
4 4
Kab = Kbc =𝑥 ×100 = 3 ×100 = 0,013 EI
4 4
Kda=Kbe=Kcf = ℎ ×100 = 4 ×100 = 0,010 EI

 MenghitungFaktorDistribusi
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- d=e =f=𝐾𝑎𝑏 = 0,013 𝐸𝐼 = 1
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- a=c = 𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI = 0,5
𝐾𝑎𝑏 0,013 𝐸𝐼
- e = 𝐾𝑑𝑎+Kab+Kda = 0,010 𝐸𝐼+0,013 EI+0,010 EI= 0,4
𝐾𝑑𝑎 0,010 𝐸𝐼
- ba=bc =𝐾𝑎𝑏+Kda+Kab = 0,013 𝐸𝐼+0,010 EI+0,013 EI = 0,3

76
 Tabel III.3 Distribusi Momen Plat (LL)

Tabel Distribusi Momen

Joint D A B C F

Batang AD DA AB Mlap BA BE BC Mlap CB CF FC

 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

FEM 0 0 3.750 - -3.75 0 3.750 - -3.750 0 0

Balance 0 -1.875 -1.875 - 0 0 0 - 1.875 1.875 0

Co -0.938 0 0 - -0.938 0 0.9375 - 0 0 0.9

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
- 0
Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Co 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Balance 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0

Total -0.94 -1.88 1.88 3.09 -4.69 0 4.69 3.09 -1.88 1.88 0.94

77
78
 M AB  6,57
H DA    1,64kN()
H 4
H EB  0
M CF 6,57
H FC    1,64kN()
H 4

 Kombinasi Momen Balok

Mu1 = 1,4 x balok(DL) = 1,4 x 1,62 = 2,27 kN.m
Mu2 = 1,2 x balok(DL) + 1,6 x balok(LL)
= 1,2 x 1,62 + 1,6 x 0
= 1,94 kN.m
 Kombinasi Momen Plat
Mu1 = 1,4 x plat(DL) = 1,4 x 3,64 = 5,10 kN.m
Mu2 = 1,2 x plat(DL) + 1,6 x plat (LL)
= 1,2 x 3,64 + 1,6 x 3,09
= 9,32 kN.m
 Jumlah Kombinasi Momen Lapangan
ΣMu1 = Mu1(balok)+Mu1(plat)
= 2,27 + 5,10
= 7,37 kN.m

ΣMu2 = Mu2(balok)+Mu2(plat)
= 1,94 + 9,32
= 11,26 kN.m

79
 5. Tulangan Tumpuan Balok Melintang

Data :
Momen Ultimate (Mu) = 16,28 Kn.m As = 379,94 mm2
Ø Mu = 20,35 Kn.m banyak batang = 2 batang
Ρ = 0,01 As θ 22 = 759,88mm2
Lebar (b) = 200 mm 2 As’ θ 22 = 759,88 mm2
d (efektif) = 341 mm Fy = 400 Mpa
As perlu = 682 mm2 Fs’ = 400 Mpa
θ tulangan = 22 mm a = 3,80 mm
β1 = 0,85 c = 4,47 mm
s = 40 mm θ sengkang = 8 mm
d’ = 59 mm fc’ = 25 Mpa

d(efektif) = d – s – θ sengkang – ½(θ tulangan)

= 400 – 40 – 8 – ½(22)
= 341 mm
As(perlu) = ρ . b .d(efektif)
= 0,01 . 200 . 341
= 682 mm2
d’ = s + θ sengkang + ½(θ tulangan tekan)
= 40 + 8 + ½ ( 22 )
= 59 mm
As = 1/4 . π . D2
= ¼ . 3,14. 222
= 379,94 mm2
𝐴𝑠(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑢)
n =
𝐴𝑠
682
=
379,94
= 1,8 = 2 batang
2 As θ 22 = As . n
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2

80
 2 As’ θ 22 = As . 2
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2
(𝐴𝑠−𝐴𝑠 ′ ).𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑠′
a = +
0,85 .𝐹𝑐 ′ .𝑏 𝑏
(759,88−759,88).400 759,88
= +
0,85 .25.200 200
= 3,80 mm
𝑎
c =
β1
3,80
=
0,85
= 4,47 mm
 Kontrol
(d(efektif)−c) x 0,003
εs = 𝑐
(341−4,47) x 0,003
= 4,47

= 0,2259 ≥ 0,002 .....OK!!

c−d′
εs' =𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑐x εs
4,47−59
=341−4,47x 0,2259

= -0,03660< 0,002.... Tidak OK

Cc = 0,85x fc’x a x b –2 As’ θ 22
= 0,85 x 25 x 3,80 x 200 – 759,88
=0N
Cs = 2 As’ θ 22 x fs’
= 759,88 x 400
= 303952 N
𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑎
Mn = Cc x + Cs x defektif – d’
2
341−3,80
=0x + 303952 x 341– 59
2

= 85714464 N.mm
= 85,714 Kn.m
Kesimpulan , Mn ≥ф Mu
85,714 Kn.m ≥ 20,35 Kn.m … OK!

81
 Ternyata, fs = fy dan fs’ < fy
Maka diselesaikan dengan cara iterasi.
Iterasi c A fs=fy εs εs' fs' Cc Cs Cc+Cs Ts
1 55,000 46,75 400 0,0156 -0,00113 -226,90909 182540,05 -172423,68 10116,37 303952
2 60,000 51,00 400 0,0141 0,00023 46,833333 200602,55 35587,713 236190,2633 303952
3 61,905 52,62 400 0,0135 0,00063 126,95042 207485,34 96467,085 303952,423 303952

Jadi didapat : c = 61,905mm

Cs = 96467,085 N
Cc = 207485,34N
Mn = Cs (d-d’) + Cc (d - a/2)
= 96467,085 (341-59) + 207485,34 (341 – 52,62/2)
= 92497333N.mm = 92,497kN.m
Kontrol :
Mu /Ø < Mn
20,35kN.m <92,497 kN.m (OKE!)

82
 6. Tulangan Lapangan Balok Melintang (T)

Diketahui :
hf = 100 mm
bw = 200 mm
ρ = 0,01
β1 = 0,85
b = bw + 2.(3.hf)
= 200 + 2.(3. 100)
=800 mm
d(efektif) = d – s – θ sengkang – ½(θ tulangan)
= 400 – 40 – 8 – ½(22)
= 341 mm
As(perlu) = ρ . bw .d(efektif)
= 0,01 . 200 . 341
= 682 mm2
0,85 𝐹𝑐′ 600
̅̅̅̅
𝜌𝑏 = .β1.
𝐹𝑦 600+𝐹𝑦
0,85 25 600
= .β1.
400 600+400
= 0,027
ℎ𝑓
ρf = 0,85 Fc’.(b-bw).
𝐹𝑦.𝑏𝑤.𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)
100
= 0,85 25.(1800-200).
400.200.341
= 0,047
𝑏𝑤
0,75 ρb = 0,75 . ̅̅̅̅ + ρf)
.(𝜌𝑏
𝑏
200
= 0,75 . .( 0,027 + 0,047)
1800
= 0,01

Kesimpulan , ρ ≤ 0,75 ρb
0,01 ≤ 0,01 … OK!

83
ρ. min = 1,4 /Fy
= 1,4 / 400
= 0,0035

Kesimpulan , ρ ≥ ρ. min
0,01 ≥ 0,0035 … OK!

𝐹𝑦
 = ρ.
𝐹𝑐′
400
= 0,01.
25
= 0,16
1,18 . ω . d(efektif)
C =
β1
1,18 . 0,16 . 341
=
0,85
= 75,74
Kesimpulan , C ≤ hf
75,74 ≤ 100 .. Balok T Palsu

Karena penampang Balok T Palsu, maka perhitungan sama dengan balok

persegi.

Data :
Momen Ultimate (Mu) = 11,26 Kn.m As = 379,94 mm2
Ø Mu = 14,08 Kn.m banyak batang = 4 batang
Ρ = 0,01 2 As θ 22 = 759,88 mm2
Lebar (b) = 200 mm 2 As’ θ 22 = 759,88 mm2
d (efektif) = 341 mm Fy = 400 Mpa
As perlu = 682 mm2 Fs’ = 400 Mpa
θ tulangan = 22 mm a = 75,32 mm
β1 = 0,85 c = 88,61 mm
s = 40 mm θ sengkang = 8 mm
d’ = 59 mm fc’ = 25 Mpa

d(efektif) = d – s – θ sengkang – ½(θ tulangan)

= 400 – 40 – 8 – ½(22)
= 341 mm
As(perlu) = ρ . b .d(efektif)
= 0,01 . 200 . 341
= 682 mm2
d’ = s + θ sengkang + ½(θ tulangan tekan)
= 40 + 8 + ½ ( 22 )
= 59 mm
As = 1/4 . π . D2
= ¼ . 3,14. 222
= 379,94 mm2
𝐴𝑠(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑢)
n =
𝐴𝑠

84
 682
=
379,94
= 1,80 = 2 batang
2As θ 22 = As . n
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2
2 As’ θ 22 = As . 2
= 379,94 . 2
= 759,88 mm2
(𝐴𝑠−𝐴𝑠 ′ ).𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑠′
a = +
0,85 .𝐹𝑐 ′ .𝑏 𝑏
(759,88−759,88).400 759,88
= +
0,85 .25.200 200
= 3,80 mm
𝑎
c =
β1
3,80
=
0,85
= 4,47 mm
 Kontrol
(d(efektif)−c) x 0,003
εs = 𝑐
(341−4,47) x 0,003
= 4.47

= 0,2259 ≥ 0,002 .....OK!!

c−d′
εs' =𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑐x εs
4,47−59
=341−4,47x 0,2259

= -0,03660< 0,002.... Tidak OK

Cc = 0,85x fc’x a x b –2 As’ θ 22
= 0,85 x 25 x 3,80 x 200 – 759,88
=0N
Cs = 2 As’ θ 22 x fs’
= 759,88 x 400
= 303952 N

𝑑(𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓)−𝑎
Mn = Cc x + Cs x defektif – d’
2

85
 341−3,80
=0x + 303952 x 341– 59
2

= 85714464 N.mm
= 85,714 kN.m
Kesimpulan , Mn ≥ ф Mu
85,714 kN.m ≥ 14,08 k.m … OK!

Ternyata fs = fy dan fs’ < fy

Maka diselesaikan dengan cara iterasi.
Iterasi c A fs=fy εs εs' fs' Cc Cs Cc+Cs Ts
- -
1 55.000 46.75 400 0.0156 182540.05 -172423.68 10116.37 303952
0.00113 226.90909
2 60.000 51.00 400 0.0141 0.00023 46.833333 200602.55 35587.71333 236190.26 303952
3 61.905 52.62 400 0.0135 0.00063 126.95042 207485.34 96467.08509 303952.42 303952

Jadi didapat : c = 61,905 mm

Cs = 96467,08509 N
Cc = 207485,34 N
Mn = Cs (d-d’) + Cc (d - a/2)
= 96467,08509 (341-59) + 207485,34 (341 – 52,62/2)
= 92497332,97 N.mm = 92,497 kN.m
Kontrol :
Mu /Ø < Mn
14,08 kN.m < 92,497 kN.m (OKE!)

86
B. Menghitung Tulangan Transversal / Geser
Langkah-langkah :
1. Mencari nilai Vu :
- Vu primer akibat beban balok (DL) :
Vu = 1,2 (3,72-(1,92.3)) = 2,45 kN
- Vu primer akibat beban balok (LL) :
Vu= 0 kN
- Vu primer akibat beban pelat (DL) :
Vu=1,2 (9,64-((9,42.3)/2)) = 5,39 kN
- Vu primer akibat beban pelat (LL) :
Vu=1,6(8,19-((8.3)/2)) = 6,10 kN

Jadi Vu total pada batang primer = 2(2,45+ 0 + 5,39+ 6,10)

= 27,87 kN

2. Menghitung Tulangan Geser Balok Memanjang

- Gaya Lintang Maksimum (Vu) = 27,87 kN = 27867,38 N
Fc’ = 25 Mpa
Fy = 400 Mpa
b = 200 mm
d = 341 mm
27867
Vn = = 34834,225 𝑁
0,8

- Gaya geser yang harus dipikul beton dan tulangan geser

(Vnd)
L = 1,5 m = 1500 mm
1500−341
Vnd = 𝑥 34834,225 = 26915,24 𝑁
1500

- Gaya geser yang bisa dipikul oleh beton (Vc)

1
Vc = 6 √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏. 𝑑
1
= 6 √25 . 200 . 341 = 56833,333 𝑁

½ Vc = ½ x Vc
= ½ x 56833,333 = 28416,667 N

87
 - Panjang Lx1
L = 1,5 m = 1500 mm
𝐿−𝑑 1 1500−341
Lx1= 𝑉𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 𝑣𝑐 = 𝑥 56833,33 = 1223,65 𝑚𝑚
26915,24

- Zonasi
V
2/3( fc')^0,5.b.d = 227333.3333 N
IV
1/3( fc')^0,5.b.d = 113666.6667 N
III
1/16( fc')^0,5.b.d = 21312.5 N
II
1/12( fc')^0,5.b.d = 28416.7 N
I

3. Gaya geser yang harus dipikul tulangan geser (Vs)

Vu < Vc (Zonasi 1)
- Spasi tulangan geser (s)
Kesimpulan :Karena Vs masuk zonasi I maka s yang
digunakan s minimum
𝐴𝑣 𝑏𝑤 200
= = = 0,167
𝑆 3𝑓𝑦 3 × 400
dipakaisengkang 8 (Av = 50,24 mm2)
50,24
S = 0,167 = 301,44 mm

S 301,44
S maks =   150,72mm ≈ 120 mm
2 2
4. Gaya geser yang harus dipikul tulangan geser (Vs’)
Vs’ = Vc – ½ Vc =56833,333– 28416,667= 28416,667(Zonasi II)
- Spasi tulangan geser (s)
Digunakan tulangan baja Ø8 (Av = 50,24 mm2).
3.𝐴𝑣.𝑓𝑦 3.50,24.400
s1 = = = 301,44 mm
𝑑 200

s2 < ½ d = ½ x 341 = 170,5 mm ≈ 120 mm

88
 Jadi, pada balok melintang akan dipasang tulangan sengkang Ø8 -120 mm
𝐴𝑣.𝑓𝑦.𝑑
karena pada perhitungan (s < ½ d) < (s = ).
𝑉𝑠

89