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CheatSheet Python 3 Complex Data Types

This document provides examples and descriptions of common Python data types including lists, dictionaries, sets, and more. It demonstrates how to add, remove, sort, and index list elements. It also shows how to use dictionaries to store key-value pairs and access elements. Set comprehension and list comprehension are presented as concise ways to create sets and lists with conditional expressions.

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erzaraptor
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
174 views

CheatSheet Python 3 Complex Data Types

This document provides examples and descriptions of common Python data types including lists, dictionaries, sets, and more. It demonstrates how to add, remove, sort, and index list elements. It also shows how to use dictionaries to store key-value pairs and access elements. Set comprehension and list comprehension are presented as concise ways to create sets and lists with conditional expressions.

Uploaded by

erzaraptor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Cheat Sheet: Complex Data Types 

“​A puzzle a day to learn, code, and play​” → Visit ​finxter.com 


  Description  Example 

List  A container data type that stores a  l = [​1​, ​2​, ​2​]


sequence of elements. Unlike strings, lists  print(len(l)) ​# 3
are mutable: modification possible. 

Adding  Add elements to a list with (i) append, (ii)  [​1​, 2


​ ​, 2 ​ ​].append(​4​) ​# [1, 2, 2, 4]
elements  insert, or (iii) list concatenation.  [​1​, 2​ ​, 4 ​ ​].insert(​2​,​2​) ​# [1, 2, 2, 4]
The append operation is very fast.  [​1​, 2 ​ ​, 2 ​ ​] + [​4​] # [1, 2, 2, 4]

Removal  Removing an element can be slower.  [​1​, ​2​, ​2​, ​4​].remove(​1​) ​# [2, 2, 4]

Reversing  This reverses the order of list elements.  [​1​, ​2​, ​3​].reverse() ​# [3, 2, 1]

Sorting  Sorts a list. The computational complexity  [​2​, ​4​, ​2​].sort() ​# [2, 2, 4]
of sorting is linear in the no. list elements. 

Indexing  Finds the first occurence of an element in  [​2​, 2


​ ​, 4​ ​].index(​2​) ​# index of element 2 is "0"
the list & returns its index. Can be slow as  [​2​, 2​ ​, 4​ ​].index(​2​,​1​) ​# index of element 2 after pos 1 is "1"
the whole list is traversed. 

Stack  Python lists can be used intuitively as  stack = [3]


stacks via the two list operations append()  stack.append(​42​) ​# [3, 42]
and pop().  stack.pop() ​# 42 (stack: [3])
stack.pop() ​# 3 (stack: []​)

Set  A set is an unordered collection of unique  basket = {​'apple'​, ​'eggs'​, ​'banana'​, ​'orange'​}
elements (“at-most-once”).  same = set([​'apple'​, ​'eggs'​, ​'banana'​, ​'orange']​)

Dictionary  The dictionary is a useful data structure for  calories = {​'apple'​ : ​52​, ​'banana'​ : ​89​, ​'choco'​ : ​546​}
storing (key, value) pairs.  

Reading and  Read and write elements by specifying the  print(calories[​'apple'​] < calories[​'choco'​]) ​# True
writing  key within the brackets. Use the keys() and  calories[​'cappu'​] = ​74
elements  values() functions to access all keys and  print(calories[​'banana'​] < calories[​'cappu'​]) ​# False
values of the dictionary.  print(​'apple'​ ​in​ calories.keys()) ​# True
print(​52​ ​in​ calories.values()) ​# True

Dictionary  You can access the (key, value) pairs of a  for k, v in calories.items():
Looping  dictionary with the​ items()​ method.  print(k) if v > 500 else None​ ​# 'chocolate'

Membership  Check with the ‘in’ keyword whether the  basket = {​'apple'​, ​'eggs'​, ​'banana'​, ​'orange'​}
operator  set, list, or dictionary contains an element.  print(​'eggs'​ ​in​ basket) ​# True
Set containment is faster than list  print(​'mushroom'​ ​in​ basket) ​# False
containment. 

List and Set  List comprehension is the concise Python  # List comprehension
Comprehens way to create lists. Use brackets plus an  l = [(​'Hi '​ + x) ​for​ x ​in​ [​'Alice'​, ​'Bob'​, ​'Pete'​]]
ion  expression, followed by a for clause. Close  print(l) ​# ['Hi Alice', 'Hi Bob', 'Hi Pete']
with zero or more for or if clauses.   l2 = [x * y ​for​ x ​in​ range(​3​) ​for​ y ​in​ range(​3​) ​if​ x>y]
  print(l2) ​# [0, 0, 2]
Set comprehension is similar to list  # Set comprehension
comprehension.  squares = { x**​2​ ​for​ x ​in​ [​0​,​2​,​4​] ​if​ x < ​4​ } ​# {0, 4}

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