SHIP-SHAPED OFFSHORE

INSTALLATION
Hendratmi Susilowati, CMarTech MIMarEST
HENDRATMI SUSILOWATI
Education :
• Currently pursuing degree at Doctoral Program in Marine Engineering, ITS
• Master of Business Administration (MBA), UGM 2011
• Bachelor of Engineering in Marine Engineering, ITS 2002

Professional Registration :
• Chartered Marine Technologist (CMarTech) from The Institute of Marine Engineering,
Science, and Technology (IMarEST), London, United Kingdom
• Member of The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science, and Technology (MIMarEST
No. 606370), London, United Kingdom

Currently working for SKK Migas

 FIXED AND FLOATING FACILITIES

Vertically moored
tension leg and mini- Semi-submersibles
Conventional fixed Compliant tower tension leg platform Spar Floating production,
platforms storage, and offloading
 SHIP-SHAPED OFFSHORE UNITS

• Ship – shaped offshore unit : FSO, FPU, FPSO, or include drilling

capabilities,
• In general, hull structural arrangement of a ship-shaped offshore
installation = trading tanker,
• Differences :
Trading Tanker Ship-shaped offshore units
Design condition : North Atlantic wave Design condition : site and tow route
(unrestricted vessel) environment
Wave action Currents, wind, wave actions
Regular dry dock Continuous operation, UWILD
Without topsides With topsides
20 to 25 year return period 100 year period
Limited number of loading/ offloading cycles More frequent loading/offloading cycles
At open sea about 70 pct of the time Offshore for 100 pct of the time

Source : Ship-shaped Offshore Installations : Design, Building, and Operations

 NEW BUILD OR TANKER CONVERSION

CONSIDERATIONS :
- Field size, life, economic
Field life more than 20 years : new built
Field life 5, 10, or 15 : conversion
- Shipyard availability
Indonesian local content requirement
- Age
- Schedule
Engineering, procurement, construction, installation
- Technical integrity
- Cost, residual value
Depending on many aspects i.e : production capacity,
storage
Redeployment opportunity
 NEW BUILD OR TANKER CONVERION

NEW BUILD :
• Flexibility in design and determining fatigue lives,
• Technical, commercial, and environment → more easily calculated
• System design due to harsh environment → more easily design
• Resale and residual value can be maximized
• Reusability opportunity → improve

TANKER CONVERSION :
• Capital cost reduction,
• Faster design and construction schedule
• Flexibility in construction facility availability

Source : Ship-shaped Offshore Installations : Design, Building, and Operations

 LAY OUT AND GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

• DECK AREA
– Production Plan
– Hull Form,
– Mooring,
– Living Quarter, location and size,
– Double Side, Double Bottom
– Offloading arrangement
– Future expansion, etc

Source : Ship-shaped Offshore Installations : Design, Building, and Operations

TYPICAL FPSO LAYOUT

Source : gasprocessingnews
 FPSO LAYOUT

Module P5 Module P3 Module P1

Module P7 Module P6 Module P4 Module P2
Separation Dehydration Flare KO &
Power Future LPG Export
and VRU and Amine Chemical
Generation Module Fractionation Compression
MCR Compression Regeneration Injection
Work
LQ/MEM MER
Shop Piperack C3 Piperack C2 Piperack C1 Flare F1
C10 Building
C8
C9 Module S5 Module S1
Module S7 Module S4 Module S3 Module S2
Power Module S6 Oil Metering, LP Injection
LPG LPG & Amine Export
Generation Utilities Compression & Compression &
Fractionation Treatment Compression
Pig Receivers Gas Metering

Midships Riser Porch R2 Bow Riser Porch R1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Approximate Scale (m)

Source : SKK Migas

 PROCESS DESIGN

H2S CO2 Mercury Mercaptan

C1 (Methane)
C2 (Ethane)
C3 (Propane)
C4 (Butane)
C5 (Pentane) C1 & C2
C6+ (Hexane Plus) Export &
H2O Injection
CO2 TOPSIDES FACILITIES Gas
N2
H2S
Mercaptan
Mercury

C6+ (Oil) C5 (Condensate) C4 (Butane) C3 (Propane)

FPSO FSO
H2O
Source : SKK Migas
 DOUBLE HULL OR SINGLE HULL

MARPOL Annex I- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil

Chapter 4 : Requirements for the cargo area of oil tankers
Regulation 19 - Double hull and double bottom requirements for oil tankers
delivered on or after 6 July 1996
RESOLUTION MEPC 139(53) Guidelines for the application of the revised MARPOL
ANNEX I requirements to floating production, storage and offloading facilities
(FPSOs) and floating storage units (FSUs)
 TANK DESIGN AND ARRANGEMENT

• For single hull tanker conversion → additional construction that are

equivalent in function to double side
• Factors need to be considered in determining number of tank :
– Cost
– Number of cargo production grades
– Export parcel size
– Production rate
– Hull stresses
– Flexibility for operations, inspections, and maintenance
TANK ARRANGEMENT

Source : SKK Migas

Source : SKK Migas
 STORAGE CAPACITY

DEPEND ON :
a. Production rate,
b. Parcel size,
c. Number of cargo grade,
d. Buffer / deadstock / ballast capacity requirement,

Simplest way : largest export capacity + buffer capacity for

delayed tanker
 STORAGE CAPACITY

AFRA SCALE FLEXIBLE MARKET SCALE

Class DWT Class DWT
General Purposes 10,000 – 24,999 Product Tanker 10,000–60,000

Medium Range 25,000 – 44,999 Panamax 60,000–80,000

Large Range 1 45,000 – 79,999 Aframax 80,000–120,000
Large Range 2 80,000 – 159,999 Suezmax 120,000–200,000

VLCC 160,000 – 319,999 VLCC 200,000–320,000

ULCC 320,000 – 549,999 ULCC 320,000–550,000

 MOORING FACILITIES

• SPREAD MOORING
– Consist of : chain, wire, or synthetic rope
– Fixed heading and position
– Easier riser placement on the hull
– Calm environment
– Cheaper than other option,
– Lower availability for offloading operations → adding
other buoy to increase offloading availability
Source : Bluewater
KARAPAN ARMADA STERLING III FPSO

Source : SKK Migas

 MOORING FACILITIES

SINGLE-POINT MOORING
- Usually located at the vessel’s bow
- Weathervaning → minimum mooring forces
- Types : Fixed Tower, Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM), Single –
anchor Leg Mooring (SALM), Articultaed Loading Platforrm (ALP), Single
Point and Reservoir (SPAR), Single – anchor loading (SAL), Turret
mooring (internal or external) (Ref : Ship-shaped Offshore Installations :
Design, Building, and Operations)

PERMANENT OR DISCONNECTABLE ?
Determined by : meteorological, ocean condition (wind speed and wave),
proximity with Inter-Tropical Covergence Zone.
GAGAK RIMANG FSO

Source : EMCL
KAKAP NATUNA FPSO

Source : Modec
ANOA NATUNA FPSO

Source : IHI
ANOA NATUNA FPSO

Source : Oil Rig Photos

CINTA NATOMAS FSO

Source : Oil Rig Photos

BW JOKO TOLE FPU
 EXPORT FACILITIES

• SHUTTLE TANKER OR PIPELINE

• SHUTTLE TANKER :
Tandem Side by side :
 REGULATORY REQUIREMENT

• The Coastal State’s Requirement

• Flag State Requirement

• IMO Regulations

• Classification Society Rules

 The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and
Technology

• IMarEST is The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and

Technology; the international professional body and learned society for
all marine professionals. IMarEST is the first Institute to bring together
marine engineers, scientists and technologists into one international
multi-disciplinary professional body

• Student Membership (SIMarEST) : Student membership is free and open

to any undergraduate, postgraduate, cadet, apprentice or trainee on any
course, for the duration of your studies.

• www.imarest.org