MDM4U Course Review

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The number of patients treated in a dental office on Mondays was recorded for 11 weeks. What are the mean, me-
dian, and mode for this set of data?

5, 17, 28, 28, 28, 15, 13, 18, 10, 16, 20

a. mean 17, median 18, mode 28 c. mean 16.5, median 18, mode 28
b. mean 18, median 17, mode 28 d. mean 28, median 17, mode 18

2. The final score of a hockey game is 4 to 3. How many different scores could there have been at the end of the first
period?
a. 12 c. 7
b. 20 d. 5

3. John owns a small Internet company and offers his clients three different formats for the name part of their e-mail
address and seven different domains for the second part of the address. In how many ways can a person set up an
e-mail address through John’s company?
a. 10 c. 4
b. 21 d. 12

Short Answer

4. The mean of the values 9, 11, 13, 21, 24, 18, and d is 17. Find d.

5. Each child in a study of infantile autism was given a behavioural test and graded on a scale from 0 (no symptoms)
to 116 (maximum severity). The scores of the 21 children in the study were as follows.

27, 35, 65, 67, 47, 46, 63, 44, 34, 51, 17, 40, 41, 60, 24, 48, 29, 73, 60, 41, 47

Calculate the mean score, the standard deviation, and the variance.

A consumer magazine evaluated 39 models of bathroom scales. The table below lists the prices for these models
(rounded to the nearest dollar).

Scale Model Price ($) Scale Model Price ($)

EconoHealth A10 50 Superskale 6400 65
EconoHealth A12 50 Superskale 7200 20
EconoHealth B10 50 Superskale 8000 14
EconoHealth E10 28 Superskale 8280 25
EconoHealth Digital-10 65 SvelteChek 12300 24
EconoHealth E-20 40 SvelteChek 12400D 48
 EconoHealth E-30 50 SvelteChek 12509 15
HealthSkale 190 22 SvelteChek 12510 10
HealthSkale 210 32 SvelteChek Fashion 17
HealthSkale 211 30 SvelteChek Pro 50
HealthSkale 290 Deluxe 79 SvelteChek Xtra 25
HealthSkale 310 50 Weighbeter 550 22
HealthSkale 1000 23 Weighbeter 801D 60
HealthSkale 1002 20 Weighbeter 830 30
HydroXact 12573 35 Weighbeter 835 30
HydroXact 12756 24 Weighbeter 950 10
HydroXact 12856 25 Weighbeter 2000 12
Prowt P10A 120 Weighbeter 2100 20
Prowt Value 35 Weighbeter Basic 12
Prowt Value 2 35

6. Find the median, first quartile, and third quartile for the prices of these bathroom scales.

7. What is the z-score for the price of

a) the Weighbeter 801D scale?
b) the Weighbeter 830 scale?

8. Find the range and the interquartile range for the prices of these bathroom scales.

9. Bruna lives in Hamilton and is planning a trip to Hong Kong. On the day she wants to travel, she can take one of
two flights to Toronto, then one of three possible flights to Vancouver, and finally one of four flights available
from Vancouver to Hong Kong. Use a tree diagram to determine the number of ways Bruna could fly from
Hamilton to Hong Kong.

10. In how many ways can a student answer all of the questions on a true/false test that has eight questions? Explain
your solution.

11. In how many ways can the interviewers select a first, second, and third choice from a group of seven applicants for
a position at a law firm?

In Switzerland the postal codes consist of two letters followed by four numbers.

12. How many postal codes are possible in the Swiss system if there are no restrictions on the choice of letters or num-
bers?

13. How many postal codes are possible in the Swiss system if you cannot use the letter O or the number 0?
14. How many ten-digit telephone numbers are possible if the first three digits must all be different?

15. A high-school hockey coach wants to try out a different goalie for each of the three periods of a practice game. In
how many ways can the coach choose the goalies if there are nine students who want to play goal?

16. Which row of Pascal’s triangle has terms that sum to 1024?

17. How is the sum of the entries in row 5 of Pascal’s triangle related to powers of 2?

18. If 28% of the population of Statsville wears contact lenses, 37% have blue eyes, and 9% are blue-eyed people who
wear contact lenses, what is the probability that a randomly selected resident has neither blue eyes nor contact
lenses?

Problem

19. The following table summarizes data collected in a survey of owners of small trucks. Most owners reported their
distances rounded to the nearest 100 km.

Distance Travelled Annually (km) Number of Trucks

5 000–6 999 5
7 000–8 999 10
9 000–10 999 12
11 000–12 999 20
13 000 –14 999 20
15 000–16 999 14
17 000–18 999 11
19 000–21 000 4

Estimate the mean distance these trucks were driven annually.

20. How many arrangements of five letters from the word certain do not contain the letter t? Explain your reasoning.

21. How many arrangements of five letters from the word certain contain the letter t? Explain your reasoning.

22. You are setting up a system of programming codes for a universal TV remote. Each code will have five digits and
cannot include a 0 or repeat any digits. How many codes
a) do not contain a 7?
b) have 3 as the third digit and 5 as the fifth digit?
c) begin with an even number?
d) begin and end with an even number?
23. You work as a health inspector and must visit each of the 15 restaurants in town once each week.
a) In how many different orders can you make these inspections?
b) If you were to work 50 weeks a year and use a different order every week, how long would it take you to try all
of the different possible orders?

24. Gisela lives in a subdivision where the streets are laid out in a grid pattern. Her school is eight blocks south and six
blocks east of her home. How many different direct routes could she take when she bicycles to school if she always
stops by her friend’s house, which is three blocks south and four blocks east of Gisela’s. Explain your reasoning.

25. Gord and Tien are skateboard enthusiasts and are trying out different routes between their homes. Gord lives four
blocks north and six blocks west of Tien’s home.
a) How many different routes can Gord and Tien try without going out of their way?
b) How is your answer related to Pascal’s triangle?

26. A fabric store has 44 bolts of fabric on its clearance table. Of these bolts, 28 are broadcloth, 17 are floral prints, 20
have a blue background, 12 are floral prints on broadcloth, 10 are broadcloth with a blue background, and 4 are
floral prints with a blue background. If all but 2 of the clearance fabrics fit at least one of these categories, how
many of the bolts are broadcloth floral prints with a blue background? Illustrate your answer with a Venn diagram.

27. There are 10 councillors and 12 planning department staff available to serve on a budget committee for the new
city council. If the committee will consist of 3 councillors and either 1 or 2 planning staff, how many different
committees could the council choose?

28. A 15-passenger shuttle bus takes athletes between venues at the Canada Summer Games. If 32 athletes need to get
to the track and field stadium, in how many ways can passengers be chosen for
a) the bus’s first trip?
b) the bus’s second trip?

29. The students producing a school fashion show plan to have five scenes with music between them. The music stu-
dents have come up with 18 pieces: 6 for piano, 5 for recorder, and 7 for guitar. The students want to use at least 1
piece for the piano. In how many ways can the group choose the 4 pieces of bridging music? Explain your reason-
ing.

30. Tom is practising archery with a target has three concentric zones: a circular bull’s-eye in the centre, an inner ring,
and an outer ring. He has an 0.12 probability of hitting the bull’s-eye, an 0.37 probability of hitting the inner ring,
and an 0.43 probability of hitting the outer ring. On an given shot, what is the probability that Tom
a) misses the target?
b) hits the target but does not get a bull’s-eye?
c) hits the inner ring or the bull’s-eye?
31. If you were to toss four coins, what are the odds in favour of at least two landing heads up?

32. A six-member working group to plan a student common room is to be selected from five teachers and nine stu-
dents. If the working group is randomly selected, what is the probability that it will include at least two teachers?

33. A survey at a school asked students if they were ill with a cold or the flu during the last month. The results were as
follows. None of the students had both a cold and the flu.

Cold Flu Healthy

Females 32 18 47
Males 25 19 38

Use these results to estimate the probability that

a) a randomly selected student had a cold in the last month
b) a randomly selected female student was healthy last month
c) a randomly selected student who had the flu last month is male
d) a randomly selected male student had either a cold or the flu last month

34. A target for a dart game has three concentric circles with radii of 6 cm, 10 cm, and 18 cm. If you hit this target by
throwing a dart randomly, what are the probabilities of landing in each of the three regions?

35. Ninety percent of a country’s population are right-handed.

a) What is the probability that exactly 29 people in a group of 30 are right-handed?
b) What is the expected number of right-handed people in a group of 30?
c) Design a simulation to show that the expectation calculated in part b) is accurate.

36. A manufacturer of cereal finds that the masses of cereal in the company’s 200-g packages are normally distributed
with a mean of 200 g and a standard deviation of 16.3 g.
a) What proportion of these boxes contain between 183.7 g and 216.3 g of cereal?
b) What is the probability that a box selected at random contains more than 216.3 g of cereal?
c) How many of a shipment of 120 boxes would you expect to contain between 178 g and 225 g of cereal?
d) Determine the range of masses that you would expect 90% of these boxes of cereal to contain.
37. It is estimated that 10% of the vehicles entering Canada from the United States carry undeclared goods. Use the
normal approximation to calculate the probability that a search of 500 randomly selected vehicles will find fewer
than 50 with undeclared goods.
MDM4U Course Review
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B PTS: 1
2. ANS: B PTS: 1
3. ANS: B PTS: 1

SHORT ANSWER

4. ANS:
23

PTS: 1
5. ANS:
Since the study is trying to determine the characteristics of the population of all autistic children, use the formulas
for calculating statistics for a sample.
= 45.7, s = 15.1, s2 = 229

PTS: 1
6. ANS:
median $30, first quartile $20, third quartile $50

PTS: 1
7. ANS:
a) 1.13
b) –0.24

PTS: 1
8. ANS:
range $110, interquartile range $30

PTS: 1
9. ANS:
 There are 24 ways Bruna could choose her flights.

PTS: 1
10. ANS:
For each question there are two choices. Applying the multiplicative (fundamental) counting principle, there are
28 = 256 ways a student could answer the test.

PTS: 1
11. ANS:
There are 210 ways to select the top three choices.

PTS: 1
12. ANS:
There are 6 760 000 postal codes possible.

PTS: 1
13. ANS:
There are 4 100 625 postal codes possible.

PTS: 1
14. ANS:
There are 7 200 000 000 telephone numbers possible.

PTS: 1
15. ANS:
There are 504 ways to choose the goalies.

PTS: 1
16. ANS:
row 10

PTS: 1
17. ANS:
 The sum of the entries in row 5 is 32 = 25.

PTS: 1
18. ANS:
44%

PTS: 1

PROBLEM

19. ANS:

These trucks were driven about 13 000 km a year.

PTS: 1
20. ANS:
For the first letter, there are six choices. For the second letter, there are five choices left; for the third, four; for the
fourth, three; and for the fifth, two. Applying the multiplicative counting principle, the total number of arrange-
ments is 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 720.

PTS: 1
21. ANS:
Direct method
The letter t can be any of the five letters in the arrangement. If t is the first letter, there are six choices left for the
second letter, five choices for the third letter, four for the fourth, and three for the fifth. Using the multiplicative
counting principle, there are 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 360 arrangements with t as the first letter. There are the same number
of arrangements with the letter t in each of the other four positions. Thus, the total number of five-letter arrange-
ments that include the letter t is 5 × 360 = 1800.

Indirect method
Find the total number of five-letter arrangements and subtract those that do not contain the letter t. The total num-
ber of five-letter arrangements is 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 2520. In arrangements without the letter t, there are six
choices for the first letter. For the second letter, there are five choices left; for the third, four; for the fourth, three;
and for the fifth, two. Applying the multiplicative counting principle, the number of arrangements without the let-
ter t is 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 720. Therefore, the number of arrangements with the letter t is 2520 − 720 = 1800.

PTS: 1
22. ANS:
 a) No digit can be either 0 or 7, so there are eight possibilities for the first digit, seven for the second, six for the
third, and so on. The number of possible codes would be 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 = 6720.
b) Since 3 and 5 are already used, there are seven possibilities for the first digit, six for the second digit, and five
for the fourth digit. The number of possible codes would be 7 × 6 × 5 = 210.
c) The first digit can be 2, 4, 6, or 8. There are eight choices left for the second digit, seven for the third digit, and
so on. The number of possible codes would be 4 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 = 6720.
d) Since both the first and last digit must be even, there are four choices for the first digit and three for the last di-
git. There are eight choices left for the second digit, seven for the third digit, and six for the fourth digit. The
number of possible codes would be 4 × 3 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 4032.

PTS: 1
23. ANS:
a) 15P15 = 15!
= 1.307 674 368 × 1012
b) It would take (1.307 674 368 × 1012) ÷ 50 = 2.615 348 74 × 1010 years.

PTS: 1
24. ANS:
Consider the two parts of Gisela’s route separately. The number of direct routes Gisela can take from her home to
her friend’s house is equal to the number of different orders in which she can choose to travel the three blocks east
and the four blocks south. Therefore, the formula for permutations with some identical items can be applied. The

number of routes between the two houses is . Similarly, the number of routes from the friend’s house to

the school is . Using the multiplicative counting principle, the different routes from Gisela’s home to her
school via her friend’s house is 35 × 21 = 735.

PTS: 1
25. ANS:
a) The number of possible routes is 210, as shown below.

b) The number of possible routes is equal to the term t10,4 in Pascal’s triangle.

PTS: 1
26. ANS:
Let n be the number of bolts of broadcloth floral prints with a blue background. Applying the principle of inclusion
and exclusion,
44 – 2 = 28 + 17 + 20 – 12 – 10 – 4 + n
n=3
There are 3 bolts of broadcloth floral prints with a blue background.

PTS: 1
27. ANS:
C(10, 3) × C(12, 1) + C(10, 3) × C(12, 2) = 120(12) + 120(66)
= 9360
There are 9360 different committees the council could choose.

PTS: 1
28. ANS:
a) C(32, 15) = 565 722 720
b) C(17, 15) = 136

PTS: 1
29. ANS:
Direct Method
There are 6 pieces for piano and 12 for the other instruments. The students can choose 1, 2, 3, or 4 piano pieces.
Consider each of these cases in turn.
1 piano piece: The students can choose the piano piece in C(6, 1) ways and the remaining 3 pieces in C(12, 3)
ways. The number of combinations with 1 piano piece is C(6, 1) × C(12, 3) = 1320.
2 piano pieces: The number of combinations is C(6, 2) × C(12, 2) = 990.
3 piano pieces: The number of combinations is C(6, 3) × C(12, 1) = 240.
4 piano pieces: The number of combinations is C(6, 4) × C(12, 0) = 15.
The number of combinations that include at least 1 piano piece is the total of these four cases, 2565.

Indirect Method
Find the total number of possible combinations and subtract those that do not have any piano pieces:
C(18, 4) – C(12, 4) = 3060 – 495
= 2565

PTS: 1
30. ANS:

a)

b)

c)

PTS: 1
31. ANS:
P(tossing at least two heads) 1 − P(no heads) − P(one head)

1− −

Therefore, the odds in favour of tossing at least two heads are 11:5.

PTS: 1
32. ANS:

PTS: 1
33. ANS:

a)

b) Using the conditional probability formula, :

 c) Restricting the sample space to only those who had the flu,
d) Restricting the sample space to only males,

PTS: 1
34. ANS:

PTS: 1
35. ANS:
a) Here, p = 0.90 and n = 30.
 This probability can also be calculated using the binompdf( function on a graphing calculator, the BINOM-
DIST function in a spreadsheet, or the binomialProbability function in Fathom™.
b) np = 30 0.90
=27
c) Answers may vary. The following method could be used with a graphing calculator.
Check that list L1 is clear.
Let 1 represent a right-handed person.
Enter randBin(1,9/10,30) L1.
Enter sum(L1).
Record this result.
Use this process to generate ten or more sets of random numbers and calculate the average of the sums.

PTS: 1
36. ANS:
The probabilities can be calculated on a graphing calculator with the normalcdf( function, as shown below. They
can also be found either by using the NORMDIST function in a spreadsheet or by converting to z-scores and using
the table Areas Under the Normal Distribution Curve on page 606 of the student textbook.

a) Since P(183.7 < X < 216.3) = 0.683, about 68.3% of the boxes will contain between 183.7 g and 216.3 g of cer-
eal.

b) From the second calculation in the screen above, P(X > 216.3) = 0.159.

c)

The probability that a box will have between 178 g and 225 g of cereal is P(187 <X <225) = 0.849. The expec-
ted number of boxes containing this range of masses is 120 × 0.849 = 101.9.

d) Since a normal distribution is symmetric about the mean, the range of masses will be centred on the mean mass
of 200 g and P(–z < Z < z) = 0.90, where z is the z-score of the upper limit of the range of masses. Thus,
P(Z > –z) must be 0.05. In the table of Areas Under the Normal Distribution Curve, P(Z > –z) = 0.05 for
z = 1.645. Therefore, 90% of the boxes will contain masses of cereal within 1.645 standard deviations of the
mean.
1.645 × 16.3 g = 26.8 g
So, the corresponding range of masses is 200 g ±26.8 g, or 173.2 g to 226.8 g.
 PTS: 1
37. ANS:
A graphing-calculator solution is shown below. The probability can also be calculated by using the NORMDIST
function in a spreadsheet or by converting to z-scores and using the table of Areas Under the Normal Distribution
Curve on page 606 of the student textbook.

Here, n = 500, p = 0.10, and q = 0.90. To find the probability of fewer than 50 vehicles with undeclared goods, use
a continuity correction with 49.5 as the upper limit.

The probability of less than 50 vehicles with undeclared goods is about 47%.

PTS: 1