Scribd

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Scribd, Inc.

Type of business
Private
Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Indonesian Malay
Founded March 2007; 12 years ago
Headquarters San Francisco, California, US
Trip Adler
(co-founder and CEO)
Jared Friedman
Key people
(co-founder and CTO)
Tikhon Bernstam
(co-founder and COO)
Services Social reading and publishing platform
Website Scribd.com
Alexa rank 197 (As of 1 October 2019)[1]
Current status Active
Scribd /ˈskrɪbd / is an American e-book and audiobook subscription service that
includes one million titles.[2][3][4][5] Scribd hosts 60 million documents on its open
publishing platform.[6]

Founded in 2007 by Trip Adler, Jared Friedman, and Tikhon Bernstam, and
headquartered in San Francisco, California, the company is backed by Khosla
Ventures, Y Combinator, Charles River Ventures, and Redpoint Ventures.
[7] Scribd's e-book subscription service is available
on Android and iOS smartphones and tablets, as well as the Kindle Fire, Nook,
and personal computers. Subscribers can access unlimited books a month[8] from
 1,000 publishers, including Bloomsbury, Harlequin, HarperCollins, Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt, Lonely Planet, Macmillan, Perseus Book Group, Simon &
Schuster, Wiley, and Workman.[9][10]

Scribd has 80 million users, and has been referred to as "the Netflix for books".
[11][12][13]

Contents

• 1 History

• 1.1 Founding (2007–2013)

• 1.2 Subscription service (2013–present)

• 1.3 Audiobooks

• 1.4 Comics

• 2 Timeline

• 3 Financials

• 4 Technology

• 5 Reception

• 5.1 Accusations of copyright infringement

• 5.2 Controversies

• 5.3 BookID

• 6 Supported file formats

• 7 See also
• 8 References

• 9 External links

History[ edit]

Founding (2007–2013) [edit]

Scribd began as a site to host and share documents. [12] While at Harvard, Trip
Adler was inspired to start Scribd after learning about the lengthy process
required to publish academic papers.[14] His father, a doctor at Stanford, was told
it would take 18 months to have his medical research published.[14] Adler wanted
to create a simple way to publish and share written content online.[15] He co-
founded Scribd with Jared Friedman and attended the inaugural class of Y
Combinator in the summer of 2006.[16] There, Scribd received its initial $120,000
in seed funding and then launched in a San Francisco apartment in March 2007.[6]

Scribd was called "the YouTube for documents", allowing anyone to self-publish on
the site using its document reader.[14] The document reader
turns PDFs, Word documents, and PowerPoints into Web documents that can be
shared on any website that allows embeds.[17] In its first year, Scribd grew rapidly
to 23.5 million visitors as of November 2008.[18] It also ranked as one of the top
20 social media sites according to Comscore.[18]

In June 2009, Scribd launched the Scribd Store, enabling writers to easily upload
and sell digital copies of their work online.[19] That same month, the site
partnered with Simon & Schuster to sell e-books on Scribd.[20] The deal made
digital editions of 5,000 titles available for purchase on Scribd, including books
from bestselling authors like Stephen King, Dan Brown, and Mary Higgins Clark.
[21]

In October 2009, Scribd launched its branded reader for media companies
including The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, The
Huffington Post, TechCrunch, and MediaBistro.[17] ProQuest began publishing
dissertations and theses on Scribd in December 2009.[22] In August 2010, many
notable documents hosted on Scribd began to go viral, including the
California Proposition 8 ruling, which received over 100,000 views in about 24
minutes, and HP's lawsuit against Mark Hurd's move to Oracle.[23][24]
Subscription service (2013–present) [edit]

Screenshots of Scribd's subscription service

In October 2013, Scribd officially launched its unlimited subscription service

for e-books.[11] This gave users unlimited access to Scribd's library of digital
books for a flat monthly fee.[11] The company also announced a partnership with
HarperCollins which made the entire backlist of HarperCollins' catalog available
on the subscription service.[25] According to Chantal Restivo-Alessi, chief digital
officer at HarperCollins, this marked the first time that the publisher has released
such a large portion of its catalog.[26] In March 2014, Scribd announced a deal
with Lonely Planet, offering the travel publisher's entire library on its subscription
service.[27]

In May 2014, Scribd further increased its subscription offering with 10,000 titles
from Simon & Schuster.[28] These titles included works from authors such as: Ray
Bradbury, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ernest Hemingway, Walter Isaacson, Stephen
King, Chuck Klosterman, and David McCullough.[29]

Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription service in November 2014 and comic
books in February 2015.[4][30]

In February 2016, it was announced that only titles from a rotating selection of
the library would be available for unlimited reading, and subscribers would have
credits to read three books and one audiobook per month from the entire library;
unused credits roll over to the next month.[31]

Scribd's unlimited service launched on February 6, 2018, and includes access to

an unlimited number of books and audiobooks, alongside unlimited access to
news, magazines, documents, and sheet music,[32] for a monthly subscription fee
of US$8.99.[33] However, under this unlimited service, Scribd will "occasionally
[...] limit the titles that [members are] able to access within a specific content
library in a 30-day period." [34] The previous credit system for books and
audiobooks was removed.[32]

In October 2018, Scribd announced a joint subscription to Scribd and The New

York Times for $12.99 per month.

Audiobooks [edit]

In November 2014, Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription library.

[35] Wired noted that this was the first subscription service to offer unlimited
access to audiobooks, and "it represents a much larger shift in the way digital
content is consumed over the net."[36] In April 2015, the company expanded its
audiobook catalog in a deal with Penguin Random House.[37] This added 9,000
audiobooks to its platform including titles from authors like Lena Dunham, John
Grisham, Gillian Flynn, and George R.R. Martin.[38]

Comics [edit]

In February 2015, Scribd introduced comics to its subscription service.[39] The

company added 10,000 comics and graphic novels from publishers
including Marvel, Archie, Boom! Studios, Dynamite, IDW, and Valiant.[30] These
included series such as Guardians of the Galaxy, Daredevil, X-O Manowar,
and The Avengers.[40][41] However, in December 2016, comics were eliminated
from the service due to low demand.

Timeline [edit]

In February 2010, Scribd unveiled its first mobile plans for e-readers
and smartphones.[42] In April 2010 Scribd launched a new feature called
"Readcast",[43] which allows automatic sharing of documents
on Facebook and Twitter.[44] Also in April 2010, Scribd announced its integration
of Facebook social plug-ins at the Facebook f8 Developer Conference.[45]

Scribd rolled out a redesign on September 13, 2010 to become, according to

TechCrunch, "the social network for reading".[46]

In October 2013, Scribd launched its e-book subscription service, allowing readers
to pay a flat monthly fee in exchange for unlimited access to all of Scribd's book
titles.[47]
Financials [edit]

The company was initially funded with US$120,000 from Y Combinator in 2006,
and received over US$3.7 million in June 2007 from Redpoint Ventures and The
Kinsey Hills Group.[48][7] In December 2008, the company raised US$9 million in a
second round of funding led by Charles River Ventures with re-investment from
Redpoint Ventures and Kinsey Hills Group.[49] David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO
and founder of Yammer and Geni, joined Scribd's board of directors in January
2010.[50]

In January 2011, Scribd raised an additional US$13 million in a round led by MLC
Investments of Australia and SVB Capital.[51] In January 2015, the company raised
US$22 million in new funding from Khosla Ventures with partner Keith
Rabois joining the Scribd board of directors.[52]

Technology [edit]

In July 2008, Scribd began using iPaper, a rich document format similar
to PDF built for the web, which allows users to embed documents into a web
page.[53] iPaper was built with Adobe Flash, allowing it to be viewed the same
across different operating systems (Windows, Mac OS, and Linux) without
conversion, as long as the reader has Flash installed (although Scribd has
announced non-Flash support for the iPhone).[54] All major document types can
be formatted into iPaper including Word docs, PowerPoint presentations,
PDFs, OpenDocument documents, OpenOffice.org XML documents,
and PostScript files.

All iPaper documents are hosted on Scribd. Scribd allows published documents to
either be private or open to the larger Scribd community. The iPaper document
viewer is also embeddable in any website or blog, making it simple to embed
documents in their original layout regardless of file format. Scribd iPaper
required Flash cookies to be enabled, which is the default setting in Flash.[55]

On May 5, 2010, Scribd announced that they would be converting the entire site
to HTML5 at the Web 2.0 Conference in San Francisco.[56] TechCrunch reported
that Scribd is migrating away from Flash to HTML5. "Scribd co-founder and chief
technology officer Jared Friedman tells me: 'We are scrapping three years of Flash
development and betting the company on HTML5 because we believe HTML5 is a
dramatically better reading experience than Flash. Now any document can
become a Web page.'"[57][58]
Scribd has its own API to integrate external/third-party applications,[59] but is no
longer offering new API accounts.[60]

Since 2010, Scribd has been available on mobile phones and e-readers, in
addition to personal computers. As of December 2013, Scribd became available
on app stores and various mobile devices.[citation needed]

Reception [edit]

Accusations of copyright infringement [edit]

Scribd has been accused of copyright infringement. In September 2009, American

author Elaine Scott alleged that Scribd "shamelessly profits from the stolen
copyrighted works of innumerable authors".[61] Her attorneys sought class
action status in their efforts to win damages from Scribd for allegedly "egregious
copyright infringement" and accused it of calculated copyright infringement for
profit.[62][63][64] The suit was dropped in July 2010.[65][66]

In 2007, one year after its inception, Scribd was served with 25 Digital
Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notices.[67]

The Guardian writes, "Harry Potter author [J.K. Rowling] is among writers shocked
to discover their books available as free downloads. Neil Blair, Rowling's lawyer,
said the Harry Potter downloads were 'unauthorised and unlawful'...Rowling's
novels aren't the only ones to be available from Scribd. A quick search throws up
novels from Salman Rushdie, Ian McEwan, Jeffrey Archer, Ken Follett, Philippa
Gregory, and JRR Tolkien."[68]

Controversies [edit]

In March 2009, the passwords of several Comcast customers were leaked on

Scribd. The passwords were later removed when the news was published by The
New York Times.[69][70][71]

In July 2010, Gigaom reported that the script of The Social Network (2010) movie
was uploaded and leaked on Scribd; it was promptly taken down
per Sony's DMCA request.[72]

Following a decision of the Istanbul 12th Criminal Court of Peace, dated 8 March
2013, access to Scribd is blocked for Internet users in Turkey.[73]

In July 2014, Scribd was sued by Disability Rights Advocates, on behalf of

the National Federation of the Blind and a blind Vermont resident, for allegedly
 failing to provide access to blind readers, in violation of the Americans with
Disability Act.[74] Scribd moved to dismiss, arguing that the ADA only applied to
physical locations. In March 2015, the U.S. District Court of Vermont ruled that
the ADA covered online businesses as well. A settlement agreement was reached,
with Scribd agreeing to provide content accessible to blind readers by the end of
2017.[75]

BookID [edit]

To counteract the uploading of unauthorized content, Scribd created BookID, an

automated copyright protection system that helps authors and publishers identify
unauthorized use of their works on Scribd.[76] This technology works by analyzing
documents for semantic data, meta data, images, and other elements and
creates an encoded "fingerprint" of the copyrighted work.[77] BookID allows
authors and publishers protect their content on the Scribd platform.[78]
[better source needed]

Supported file formats [edit]

Supported formats include: [79]

• Microsoft Excel (.xls, .xlsx)

• Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt, .pps, .pptx, .ppsx)

• Microsoft Word (.doc, .docx)

• OpenDocument (.odt, .odp, .ods, .odf, .odg)

• OpenOffice.org XML (.sxw, .sxi, .sxc, .sxd)

• Plain text (.txt)

• Portable Document Format (.pdf)

• PostScript (.ps)

• Rich text format (.rtf)

• Tagged image file format (.tif, .tiff)

See also [edit]

• Amazon Lending Library and Kindle Unlimited

• Document collaboration

• Oyster (company)

• Wayback Machine

• Webcite

References [edit]

1. ^ "scribd.com Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic - Alexa" . www.alexa.com. Retrieved 2019-10-

01.

2. ^ Alter, Alexandra (April 16, 2015). "Scribd Expands Audiobook Catalog in Deal With Penguin Random

House" . The New York Times.

3. ^ Basich, Zoran (January 5, 2015). "The Daily Startup" . The Wall Street Journal.

4. ^ Jump up to: a b Mac, Ryan (November 6, 2014). "Scribd Adds Audiobooks To All-You-Read Library, Piling
Pressure On Amazon" . Forbes.
5. ^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (April 16, 2015). "Scribd adds over 9,000 more audiobooks to better take on Audible" .

The Verge.

6. ^ Jump up to: a b "Scribd | Interview with its Co-Founder & CEO – Trip Adler" . Cleverism. December 10, 2014.
7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Scribd" . CrunchBase. TechCrunch. August 6, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
8. ^ "Scribd - Read books, audiobooks, and more" . Scribd. Retrieved February 1,2017.

9. ^ Carnoy, David (January 29, 2014). "Scribd extends e-book subscription app to Kindle Fire" . CNet.

10.^ Kellogg, Carolyn (January 5, 2015). "Scribd brings in $22 million to expand e-book subscription service" . LA
Times.

11.^ Jump up to: a b c Metz, Cade (October 1, 2013). "Scribd Challenges Amazon and Apple With 'Netflix for
Books'" . Wired. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
12.^ Jump up to: a b Orin, Andy (June 11, 2014). "Behind the App: The Story of Scribd" . Lifehacker.
13.^ Schnuer, Jenna (November 8, 2013). "We Test It: Scribd's All-You-Can Read Digital Buffet" . Entrepreneur.
Retrieved September 3, 2017.

14.^ Jump up to: a b c Krasny, Jill (June 24, 2014). "Scribd: The Library of the Future?" . Inc.
15.^ "Best Young Tech Entrepreneurs 2010" . Bloomberg.

16.^ "Scribd" . Y Combinator.

17.^ Jump up to: a b MacMillan, Robert (October 7, 2009). "From the desk of [your news outlet] and
Scribd" . Reuters. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
18.^ Jump up to: a b Schonfeld, Erick (December 31, 2008). "Scribd Had A Blowout Year, And So Did the Web
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19.^ Stone, Brad (May 17, 2009). "Site Lets Writers Sell Digital Copies" . The New York Times. Retrieved October
11, 2010.

20.^ Stone, Brad (July 11, 2009). "Simon & Schuster to Sell Digital Books on Scribd.com" . The New York Times.
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21.^ Stone, Brad (June 12, 2009). "Simon & Schuster to Sell Digital Books on Scribd.com" . The New York Times.

22.^ "Scribd to publish dissertations and theses" . TeleRead. November 17, 2009.

23.^ Gannes, Liz (August 4, 2010). "Prop 8 Ruling Is Scribd's Most Viral Doc Ever" . Gigaom.

24.^ Siegler, M.G. (September 7, 2010). "HP Confirms It Is Suing Mark Hurd For Potential Leakage Of Trade
Secrets To Oracle" . TechCrunch.

25.^ Bosman, Julie (October 1, 2013). "HarperCollins Joins Scribd in E-Book Subscription Plan" . The New York
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26.^ Ha, Anthony (October 1, 2013). "With HarperCollins Deal, Scribd Unveils Its Bid To Become The Netflix For
Books" . TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved October 1, 2013.

27.^ Ha, Anthony (March 26, 2014). "Scribd's Subscription E-Book Service Moves Into Travel With The Full Lonely
Planet Library" . Techcrunch.

28.^ Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. (March 21, 2014). "Simon & Schuster, E-Book Services Strike Deal" . The Wall
Street Journal.

29.^ Owen, Laura Hazard (May 21, 2014). "Simon & Schuster adds its books to ebook subscription sites Scribd
and Oyster" . Gigaom.

30.^ Jump up to: a b Ha, Anthony (February 10, 2015). "Scribd Adds Comics From Marvel, IDW, And Others To Its
Subscription E-Book Service" . TechCrunch.
31.^ "Scribd will change its subscription service from unlimited to semi-unlimited" . TeleRead.
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32.^ Jump up to: a b "When did I get unlimited reading?" . Scribd Help Center. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
33.^ "Scribd's Membership" . Scribd Help Center. Retrieved 2018-08-30.

34.^ "How many books can I read each month?" . Scribd Help Center. Retrieved 2018-08-30.

35.^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (November 6, 2014). "Scribd expands its subscription library to include audiobooks" .
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36.^ Metz, Cade (November 6, 2014). "Scribd Rolls Out the Internet's First All-You-Can-Listen Audiobooks
Service" . Wired.

37.^ Wright, Mic (April 16, 2015). "Scribd adds 9,000 Penguin Random House audiobooks including 'Game of
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38.^ Alter, Alexandra (April 16, 2015). "Scribd Expands Audiobook Catalog in Deal With Penguin Random
House" . The New York Times.

39.^ Alba, Davey (February 10, 2015). "Scribd Unveils 'Netflix for Comics'" . Wired.

40.^ Fiegerman, Seth (February 10, 2015). "Scribd gains the superpower of an unlimited comic book
subscription" . Mashable.

41.^ Mitroff, Sarah (February 10, 2015). "Scribd serves up all the comics you can read, for $9 per month" . CNet.

42.^ Fowler, Geoffrey A. (February 10, 2010). "Scribd Plans Mobile Application" . The Wall Street Journal.
Retrieved February 10, 2010.

43.^ "Scribd gets 'Readcasting': Autosharing made easy" . CNet. Retrieved April 21, 2010.

44.^ "Scribd launches readcast" . Marketwire. Retrieved April 15, 2010.

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47.^ Carr, Austin (October 1, 2013). "Scribd, HarperCollins Launch $8.99 Subscription Book Service" . Fast
Company. Retrieved December 30, 2013.

48.^ "Scribd Banks $3.5 Million from Redpoint" .

49.^ Takahashi, Dean (December 19, 2008). "Scribd raises $9 million, hires new president for social
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50.^ Arrington, Michael (January 18, 2010). "Yammer Founder David Sacks Joins Scribd Board Of
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51.^ Kaplan, David (January 18, 2011). "Scribd Raises $13 Million To Support Mobile Moves, Product Expansion" .
Gigaom.

52.^ Ha, Anthony (January 2, 2015). "Scribd Raises $22M For Its Subscription E-Book Service" . TechCrunch.
53.^ "iPaper: a Simple Way to View and Share Documents on the Web" . Wired. February 20, 2008.
Retrieved August 28, 2014.

54.^ "Scribd on your iPhone" . Scribd. April 5, 2008.

55.^ "Global Storage Settings panel" . macromedia.com. Adobe. Retrieved September 3, 2017.

56.^ Friedman, Jared (May 6, 2010). HTML5 and The Future of Publishing . Web 2.0 Expo . Retrieved September
3, 2017.

57.^ Schonfeld, Erick (May 5, 2010). "Scribd CTO: We Are Scrapping Flash And Betting The Company On
HTML5" . TechCrunch. Retrieved October 11, 2010.

58.^ Albanese, Andrew Richard (July 26, 2010). "Betting the House on HTML5" . Publishers Weekly.
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59.^ "Scribd SAP Largest API Integration Press Release" . Scribd. March 10, 2009. Retrieved September
22, 2010.

60.^ "Scribd Developer Documentation" . Archived from the original on July 28, 2015.

61.^ Johnson, Bobbie (September 21, 2009). "Book sharing site Scribd rejects claims of copyright
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62.^ "Class Action Copyright Suit Filed Against Scribd... By Jammie Thomas' Lawyers?" . TechDirt. September 21,
2009. Retrieved September 21, 2009.

63.^ Sandoval, Greg (September 19, 2009). "Jammie Thomas lawyers file suit against Scribd" .
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64.^ Rich, Motoko (September 19, 2009). "Jammie Thomas lawyers file suit against Scribd" . CNET News.com.
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65.^ "Lawsuit Saying Scribd's Copyright-Protection Filters Infringe On Copyrights Has Been Dumped" . Scribd.
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67.^ "Scribd looks like a winner" . Scribd. TechCrunch. March 29, 2009. Retrieved January 1, 2010.

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69.^ Stone, Brad (March 16, 2009). "Passwords of Comcast Customers Exposed" . The New York Times.
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70.^ "Comcast passwords leaked onto the web" . CNet. March 29, 2009. Retrieved January 1, 2010.

71.^ "Comcast User Names and Passwords Exposed" . HotHardware. March 29, 2009. Retrieved September
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72.^ Gannes, Liz (July 27, 2010). "Leaked Facebook Movie Script Paints Zuckerberg as Vindictive and Naive" .
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74.^ Adwar, Corey (August 20, 2014). "26-Year-Old Deaf-Blind Lawyer Sues Scribd For Alleged
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76.^ "BookID" . Scribd. June 29, 2015.

77.^ Kozlowski, Michael (October 13, 2014). "French Watchdog Accuses Scribd of eBook Piracy" . Good eReader.

78.^ "BookID for Authors and Publishers" . Scribd. June 29, 2015.

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Retrieved October 11, 2010.

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