... 1 ...

QUESTION BANK - CHAPTER - 1

LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

1 MARK QUESTIONS

(1) Choose the correct alternative from the following :

(i) To draw graph of 4x + 5y = 19, Find y when x = 1.
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) –3
Ans. For x = 1
4x + 5y = 19
 4(1) + 5y = 19
 4 + 5y = 19
 5y = 19 – 4
 5y = 15
15
 y =
5
 = 3y
y = 3 when x = 1
Option (B)

5 3
(ii) Find the value of .
–7 –4
(A) –1 (B) –41 (C) 41 (D) 1
5 3
Ans.
–7 –4
= (5  –4) – (3  –7)
= –20 – (–21)
= –20 + 21
5 3
 =1
–7 –4
Option (D)

(iii) For simultaneous equations in variables x and y, Dx = 49, Dy = –63, D = 7

then what is x ?
1 1
(A) 7 (B) –7 (C) (D)
7 7
Ans. By Cramer’s Rule,
Dx
x =
D
49
=
7
 x =7
Option (A)
 ... 2 ...

(iv) To solve x + y = 3 ; 3x – 2y – 4 = 0 by determinant method find D.

(A) 5 (B) 1 (C) –5 (D) –1
Ans. x+y =3
3x – 2y – 4 = 0
3x – 2y = 4
1 1
D = 3 –2

= (1 –2) – (1 3)
= –2 –3
 D = –5
Option (c)

(v) ax + by = c and mx + ny = d and an  bm then these simultaneous equations

have -.
(A) only one common solution. (B) No solution
(C) Infinite number of solutions. (D) Only two solutions.
Ans. Option (A)

(2) Find the value of the following determinants :

5 2
(1) = (5  4) – (2  7)
7 4

= 20 – 14
=6

4 3
(2) = (4  7) – (3  2)
2 7
= 28 – 6
= 22

–3 8
(3) = (–3  0) – (8  6)
6 0
= 0 – 48
= –48

3 –1
(4) = (3  4) – (–1  1)
1 4
= 12 – (–1)
= 12 + 1
= 13
 ... 3 ...

4 6
– –
7 35  –4 –2   –6 
(5) 2 =    –  5
5 –  7 5   35 
5

8  –30 
= – 
35  35 
8 30
= 
35 35
38
=
35

–1 7
(6) = (–1  4) – (7  2)
2 4
= – 4 – 14
= – 18

5 3
(7) = (5  0) – (3  –7)
–7 0
= 0 – (–21)
= 21

7 5
3 3 7 1 5 3
(8) 3 1 =   –  
 3 2 3 2
2 2

7 15
= –
6 6
–8
=
6
–4
=
3

(3) Answer the following.

(i) If D x = – 18 and D = 3 are the values of the determinants for certain
simultaneous equations in x and y, find x.
Ans. Given : Dx = –18
D =3
To find : x
By Cramer’s Rule,
Dx
x =
D
 ... 4 ...

–18
=
3
 x =–6

(ii) If D y = – 15 and D = – 5 are the values of the determinants for certain

simultaneous equations in x and y, find y.
Ans. Given : Dy = –15
D = –5
To find : y
By Cramer’s Rule,
Dy
y =
D

–15
=
–5
 y =3

(iii) 3x + 4y = 8 ; x – 2y = 5. Write Dx for the equations.

Ans. 3x + 4y = 8
x – 2y = 5

8 4
Dx =
5 –2

(4) Fill in the blanks.

3 2
= 3  5 – 2  4
4 5

= 15 –8
= 7

m 2
(5) If the value of the determinant is 31 , find m.
–5 7

m 2
Ans. Given - = 31
–5 7
To Find : m

m 2
= 31
–5 7
 (m  7) – (2  –5) = 31
 7m – (–10) = 31
 7m + 10 = 31
 7m = 31 – 10
 ... 5 ...

 7m = 21
21
 m =
7
 m = 3

2 MARK QUESTIONS

(1) Find values of D and Dx for the following equations :

(i) 3x + y = 1; 2x = 11y + 3
Ans. 3x + y = 1
2x = 11y + 3
 2x – 11y = 3
3 1
D =
2 –11
= (3  –11) – (1  2)
= – 33 – 2
 D = – 35
1 1
Dx =
3 –11
= (1  –11) – (1  3)
= – 11 – 3
 Dx = – 14

(ii) x + 18 = 2y ; y = 2x – 9
Ans. x + 18 = 2y
 x – 2y = – 18
y = 2x – 9
 9 = 2x – y
2x – y = 9

1 –2
D =
2 –1
= (1  –1) – (–2  2)
= – 1 – (– 4)
= –1+4
 D =3

–18 –2
Dx = 9 –1
= (– 18  –1) – (–2  9)
= 18 – (– 18)
= 18 + 18
 Dx = 36
 ... 6 ...

(iii) 3x + 2y + 11 = 0 ; 7x – 4y = 9
Ans. 3x + 2y + 11 = 0
 3x + 2y = –11
7x – 4y = 9

3 2
D =
7 –4
= (3  –4) – (2  7)
= –12 – 14
 D = –26

–11 3
Dx =
9 7
= (–11  7) – (3  9)
= – 77 – 27
 Dx = – 104

(iv) 4x + 3y – 4 = 0; 6x = 8 – 5y
Ans. 4x + 3y – 4 =0
 4x + 3y =4
6x = 8 – 5y
 6x + 5y =8

4 3
D =
6 5
= (4 5) – (3  6)
= 20 – 18
 D =2

4 3
Dx =
8 5
= (4  5) – (3  8)
= 20 – 24
 Dx =–4

(v) 3x – y = 7; x + 4y = 11
Ans. 3x – y = 7
x + 4y = 11
3 –1
D =
1 4
= (3  4) – (–1  1)
= 12 + 1
 D = 13
7 –1
Dx =
11 4
 ... 7 ...

= (7  4) – (–1  11)
= 28 – (–11)
= 28 + 11
 Dx = 39

(2) Answer the following.

(i) 27x + 29y = 60 ; 29x + 27y = 62, find x + y
Ans. 27x + 29y = 60 ..........(i)
29x + 27y = 62 ..........(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii) we get,
27x + 29y = 60
29x + 27y = 62
56x + 56y = 122
Dividing throughout by 56, we get
122
x+y=
56
61
 x+y=
48

(ii) 41x – 42y = 80 ; 42x – 41y = 86, find x – y

Ans. 41x – 42y = 80 ..........(i)
42x – 41y = 86 ..........(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii) we get,
41x – 42y = 80 ..........(i)
42x – 41y = 86 ..........(ii)
83x – 83y = 166
Dividing throughout by 83 we get,
 x–y=2

(iii) 51x – 52y = 100 ; 52x – 51y = 106, find x – y

Ans. 51x – 52y = 100 ..........(i)
52x – 51y = 106 ..........(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii) we get,
51x – 52y = 100
52x – 51y = 106
103x –103y = 206
Dividing throughout by 103 we get,
 x–y=2

(iv) 61x + 62y = 183 ; 62x + 61y = 186, find x + y

Ans. 61x + 62y = 183 ..........(i)
62x + 61y = 186 ..........(ii)
 ... 8 ...

Adding (i) & (ii) we get,

61x + 62y = 183
62x + 61y = 186
123x + 123y = 369
Dividing throughout by 123 we get,
 x+y=3

(v) 71x – 72y = 140 ; 72x – 71y = 146, find x – y

Ans. 71x – 72y = 140 ..........(i)
72x – 71y = 146 ..........(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii) we get,
71x – 72y = 140
72x – 71y = 146
143x – 143y = 286
Dividing throughout by 143 we get,
 x–y=2

(vi) 31x + 32y = 60 ; 32x + 31y = 66, find x + y

Ans. 31x + 32y = 60 ..........(i)
32x + 31y = 66 ..........(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii) we get,
31x + 32y = 60
32x + 31y = 66
63x + 63y = 126
Dividing throughout by 63 we get,
 x+y=2

(3) Get 3 collinear points for drawing graph of :

(i) x+y=8
x = 8 – y
x 8 7 6
y 0 1 2
(x, y) (8, 0) (7, 1) (6, 2)

(ii) x – y = 2
Ans. x = 2 + y
x 2 3 4
y 0 1 2
(x, y) (2, 0) (3, 1) (4, 2)

(iii) y = –2x – 2
Ans. y = –2x – 2
x 0 1 2
y –2 –4 –6
(x, y) (0, –2) (1, –4) (2, –6)
 ... 9 ...

(iv) 2x + y = 6.
Ans. y = 6 –2x
x 0 1 2
y 6 4 2
(x, y) (0, 6) (1, 4) (2, 2)

(v) y = x + 4
Ans. y = x + 4
x 0 1 2
y 4 5 6
(x, y) (0, 4) (1, 5) (2, 6)

(vi) y = 2x + 1
Ans. y = 2x + 1
x 0 1 2
y 1 3 5
(x, y) (0, 1) (1, 3) (2, 5)

(4) Solve the following :

(i) Sum of two numbers is 60. The greater number is 8 more than thrice the
smaller integer. Form two equations using x and y as variables.
Ans. Let greater number be x & smaller number be y
According to first condition,
x + y = 60 ............(i)
According to second condition,
x = 3y + 8
 x – 3y = 8 ............(ii)

(ii) The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 24cm. The length of its congruent
sides is 13cm less than twice the length of its base form two equations
with x and y as variables.
Ans. Let length of one of the congruent side of an isosceles triangle be x cm and
length of its base be y cm.
According to first condition,
x + x + y = 24
 2x + y = 24 ..........(i)
According to second condition,
x = 2y – 13
 x – 2y = –13 ..........(ii)

(iii)In a right angled triangle, one of the acute angle exceeds the other by 20º.
Form two equations in x and y as variables.
Ans. Let the measures of two acute angles of a right angled triangle be xº and yº
According to first condition,
x = y + 20
 ... 10 ...

 x – y = 20 ..........(i)
we know that x + y = 90 .........(ii)
(Acute angles of a right angled triangle are complementary)

(iv) Seg AB is the diameter of a circle. C is the point on the circumference

such that in ABC, B is less by 10º than A. Form two equations in x and
y as variables.
Ans. Let the measures of A be xº and measure of B be yº C
Seg AB is the diameter of a circle and C is a point on
the Circumference
A xº
yº
B
mC = 90º ( Diameter subtends a right angle at any
point on the circle)
In ABC
m A + mB + mC = 180 ( sum of measures of the angles of a triangle is 180º)
 x + y + 90 = 180
 x + y = 180 – 90
 x + y = 90 .........(i)
As per the given condition,
y = x – 10
 10 = x – y
 x – y = 10 ..........(ii)

(v) A house has retangular yard infront of it for children to play. The length of
that rectangle exceeds width by 6m and its perimeter is 60m, Form two
equations in x and y as variable.
Ans. Let the length of the rectangular yard be x m and its width be y m
According to first condition,
x =y+6
 x–y =6 ..........(i)
Perimeter of the rectangular yard = 2(l + b)
= 2(x + y)m
According to second condition,
2(x + y) = 60
 x + y = 30 .........(ii)

(vi) AB is a segment. The point P is on the perpendicular bisector of segment

AB such that length of AP exceeds length of AB by 7cm. If the perimeter of
ABP is 38cm. Form two equations in x and y.
Ans. Let the length of seg AB be x cm and that of seg AP be y cm
l(BP) = l(AP) = y .........(By perpendicular bisector theorem) P
According to first condition,
y cm y cm
y =x+7
 –x + y = 7 .........(i)
According to second condition,
x + y + y = 38 A B
 x + 2y = 38 .......... (ii) x cm
 ... 11 ...

(5) Find value of D for following equations :

5x  10
(i) y ; 4x + 5 = –y
2
5x – 10
Ans. y =
2
 2y = 5x – 10
 10 = 5x – 2y
 5x – 2y = 10
4x + 5 = –y
 4x + y = –5
5 –2
D =
4 1
= (5  1) – (–2  4)
= 5 – (–8)
= 5+8
D = 13

3 MARK QUESTIONS

(1) Solve the following simultaneous equations :

(i) 3a + 5b = 26; a + 5b = 22
Ans. 3a + 5b = 26 ; ..........(i)
a + 5b = 22 ..........(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i)
3a + 5b = 26
a + 5b = 22
(–) (–) (–)
2a = 4
4
 a =
2
 a =2
Substituting a = 2 in equation (i)
3a + 5b = 26
 3(2) + 5b = 26
 6 + 5b = 26
 5b = 26 – 6
 5b = 20
20
 b =
5
 b = 4
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (a, b) = (2, 4)
 ... 12 ...

2 3 8 5
(ii)  = 15; 
x y x y = 77
2 3
Ans. –
x y = 15
8 5

x y = 77
1 1
Substituting = m & y = n in the above equation
x
2m – 3n = 15 ..........(i)
8m + 5n = 77 ..........(ii)
Multiply equation (i) by 4
8m – 12n = 60 ..........(iii)
subtracting equation (iii) from (ii)
8m + 5n = 77
8m – 12n = 60
(–) (+) (–)
17n = 17
17
 n =
17
 n =1
substitute n = 1 in equation (i)
2m – 3n = 15
 2m – 3(1) = 15
 2m – 3 = 15
 2m = 15 + 3
 2m = 18
18
 m =
2
 m = 9
1 1
Resubstituting m = & n= y
x
1 1
=9 & y =1
x
1
 x= & y=1
9
1 
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (x, y) =  ,1
9 

(iii) 2x – 3y = 9; 2x + y = 13
Ans. 2x – 3y =9 ...........(i)
2x + y = 13 ..........(ii)
subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i)
 2x – 3y = 9
2x + y = 13
(–) (–) (–)
– 4y = – 4
 ... 13 ...

–4
 y=
–4
 y =1
Substituting y = 1 in equation (ii)
2x + y = 13
 2x + 1 = 13
 2x = 13 – 1
 2x = 12
12
 x =
2
 x = 6
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (x, y) = (6, 1)

148 231 527 231 148 610

(iv)   ;  
x y xy x y xy
148 231 527
Ans.   ............(i)
x y xy
231 148 610
  ............(ii)
x y xy
Multiplying both the sides of equations (i) and (ii) by xy we get,
148y + 231x = 527
 231x + 148y = 527 ............(iii)
231y + 148x = 610
 148x + 231y = 610 ............(iv)
Adding equations (iii) & (iv)
231x + 148y = 527
148x + 231y = 610
379x + 379y = 1187
Dividing through by 379 we get,
x+y =3 ............(v)
subtracting equation (iv) from (iii) we get
231x + 148y = 527
148x + 231y = 610
(–) (–) (–)
83x – 83y = –83
Dividing throughout by 83 we get,
x –y = –1 ............(vi)
Adding equation (v) & (vi)
x+y = 3
x – y = –1
2x = 2
 x = 1
substituting x = 1 in equation (v) we get,
x+y = 3
 1+y = 3
 ... 14 ...

 y = 3 –1
 y = 2
 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (1, 2)

(vi) 5m – 3n = 19 ; m – 6n = –7
Ans. 5m – 3n = 19 ..........(i)
m – 6n = –7 ..........(ii)
Multiply equation (ii) by 5, we get,
5m – 30n = –35 .........(iii)
Subtracting equation (iii) from (i) we get
5m – 3n = 19
5m – 30n = –35
(–) (+) (+)
27n = 54
54
 n =
27
 n = 2
substituting n = 2 in equation (ii) we get,
 m – 6n = –7
m – 6(2) = –7
 m – 12 = –7
 m = –7 + 12
 m = 5

 Solution of the given simultaneious equations is (m, n) = (5, 2)

(vii) x + 7y = 10 ; 3x – 2y = 7
Ans. x + 7y = 10 .........(i)
3x – 2y = 7 ..........(ii)

Multiply equation (i) by 3 we get,

3x + 21y = 30 ........(iii)
Subtracting equation (iii) from (ii)
3x – 2y = 7
3x + 21y = 30
(–) (–) (–)
–23y = –23
–23
 y =
–23
 y = 1
Substituting y = 1 in equation (i) we get
 x + 7y = 10
 x + 7(1) = 10
 x+7 = 10
 ... 15 ...

 x = 10 – 7
 x = 3
Solution of the given simultaneious equation is (x, y) = (3, 1)

(viii) 5x + 2y = –3 ; x + 5y = 4
Ans. 5x + 2y = –3 ... (i)
x + 5y = 4 ... (ii)
Multiply equation (ii) by 5 we get,
5x + 25y = 20 ... (iii)
Subtracting equation (iii) from (i)
5x + 2y = –3
5x + 25y = 20
(–) (–) (–)
–23y = –23
–23
 y =
–23
 y = 1
Substituting y = 1 in equation (ii) we get
x + 5y = 4
 x + 5(1) = 4
 x = 4–5
 x = –1
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (x, y) = (–1, 1)

(2) Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer’s rule.

(i) 4x + 3y – 4= 0; 6x = 8 – 5y
Ans. 4x + 3y – 4 = 0
 4x + 3y = 4 ...........(i)
6x = 8 – 5y
 6x + 5y = 8 ...........(ii)

4 3
D =
6 5
= (4 5) – (3 6)
= 20 – 18
 D = 2

4 3
Dx =
8 5
= (4 5) – (3 8)
= 20 – 24
 Dx = –4

4 4
Dy =
6 8
 ... 16 ...

= (4 8) – (4 6)
Dy
= 32 – 24
 Dy = 8
By Cramer’s Rule
Dx –4
x = = = –2
D 2
8 Dy
y =4 = =
D 2
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (–2, 4)

y 1
(ii) 2x + 3y = 2; x – =
2 2
Ans. 2x + 3y = 2; ..........(i)
y 1
x– =
2 2
Multiply throughout by 2
2x – y = 1 .........(ii)

2 3
D =
2 –1
= (2  –1) – (3  2)
=–2–6
 D = –8

2 3
Dx =
1 –1
= (2  –1) – (3  1)
=–2–3
 Dx =–5

2 2
Dy =
2 1
= (2  1) – (2  2)
=2–4
 Dy = – 2
By Cramer’s Rule
Dx –5 5
x = = =
D –8 8
Dy –2 1
y = = =
D –8 4

5 1
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (x, y) =  , 
8 4
 ... 17 ...

(iii) 3x – 4y = 10 ; 4x + 3y = 5
Ans. 3x – 4y = 10 .......(i)
4x + 3y = 5 .......(ii)

3 –4
D =
4 3
= (3  3) – (–4  4)
= 9 + 16
 D = 25

10 –4
Dx =
5 3
= (10  3) – (–4  5)
= 30 + 20
 D x = 50

3 10
Dy =
4 5
= (3  5 ) – (10  4)
= 15 – 40
 Dy = –25
By Cramer’s Rule
Dx 50
x = = =2
D 25

Dy –25
y = = = –1
D 25
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (x, y) = (2, –1)

(iv) x + 2y = – 1 ; 2x – 3y = 12
Ans. x + 2y = – 1 ... (i)
2x – 3y = 12 ... (ii)
1 2
D =
2 –3
= (1 × –3) – (2 × 2)
= –3–4
 D = –7
–1 2
Dx =
12 –3
= (–1 × –3) – (2 × 12)
= 3 – 24
 Dx = – 21
 ... 18 ...

1 –1
Dy =
2 12

= (1 × 12) – (–1 × 2)
= 12 + 2
 D y = 14
By Cramer’s rule
Dx –21
x = = =3
D –7
Dy 14
y = = = –2
D –7
 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (3, –2)

(v) 6x – 4y = –12 ; 8x – 3y = –2
Ans. 6x – 4y = – 12 ... (i)
8x – 3y = – 2 ... (ii)
6 –4
D =
8 –3
= (6 × –3) – (–4 × 8)
= – 18 + 32
 D = 14
–12 – 4
Dx =
–2 –3
= (–12 × –3) – (–4 × –2)
= 36 – 8
 Dx = 28
6 – 12
Dy =
8 –2
= (6 × –2) – (–12 × 8)
= –12 + 96
 D y = 84
By Cramer’s rule
Dx 28
x = = =2
D 14
Dy 84
y = = =6
D 14
 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (2, 6)

(vi) 4m + 6n = 54 ; 3m + 2n = 28
Ans. 4m + 6n = 54 ... (i)
3m + 2n = 28 ... (ii)
4 6
D = 3
 2 
= (4 × 2) – (6 × 3)
= 8 – 18
 D = – 10
 ... 19 ...

54 6
Dm =
28 2
= (54 × 2) – (6 × 28)
= 108 – 168
 Dm = – 60
4 54
Dn =
3 28
= (4 × 28) – (54 × 3)
= 112 – 162
 D n = –50
By Cramer’s rule
Dm –60
m = = =6
D –10
Dn –50
n = = =5
D –10
 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (6, 5)

4 MARK QUESTIONS

(1) Solve the following simultaneous equations :

10 2 15 5
(i)  = 4 ; 
x y x y x  y x  y = –2

10 2
Ans. 
x y x y = 4 .........(i)

15 5

x  y x  y = –2 .........(ii)

1 1
Substituting x  y = a & x – y = b in equations (i) & (ii)
10a + 2b = 4 .......(iii)
15a – 5b = –2 .......(iv)
Multiply equation (iii) by 5 & (iv) by 2
50a + 10b = 20 .......(v)
30a – 10b = –4 .......(vi)
Adding equations (v) & (vi)
50a + 10b = 20
30a – 10b = –4
80a = 16
16
 a=
80
1
 a=
5
 ... 20 ...

1
Substituting a = in equation (i)
5
10a + 2b = 4

1
 10   + 2b = 4
5
 2 + 2b = 4
 2b = 4 – 2
 2b = 2
 b = 1
1 1
Resubstituting a = x  y & b = x – y we get,

1 1 1
x y = & x –y = 1
5
 x + y = 5 .....(vii) & x – y = 1 .......(viii)
Adding equation (vii) & (viii) we get,
x+y =5
x–y =1
2x =6
6
 x =
2
 x =3
Substitute x = 3 in equation (vii)
 x+y =5
 3+y =5
 y = 5–3
 y = 2
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (x, y) = (3, 2)

1 1 3 1 1 1
(ii)    
3 x  y 3x  y 4 ; 2  3x  y  2  3x  y  8

1 1 3
Ans. 3x  y  3x  y  4

Multiplying throughout by 4
1 1 3
4  4 4
3x  y 3x – y = 4
4 4
 
3 x  y 3x – y = 3 .........(i)

1 1 –1
–
2  3x  y  2  3x – y  = 8
 ... 21 ...

Multiplying throughout by 8,
1 1  –1 
8 – 8 = 8 
2  3x  y  2  3x – y   8 

4 4
 
3x  y 3x – y = –1 .........(ii)

1 1
Substituting 3x  y =a and 3x – y = b in equation (i) and (ii) we get,

4a + 4b = 3 ..........(iii)
4a – 4b = –1 ..........(iv)
Adding equations (iii) and (iv)
4a + 4b = 3
4a – 4b = –1
8a = 2
2
 a =
8

1
 a =
4

1
Substituting a = in equation (iii)
4

1
4    4b = 3
4
 1 + 4b = 3
 4b =3–1
 4b = 2
2
 b =
4

1
 b =
2

1 1
Resubstituting a= 3x  y and b = 3x – y we get,

1 1 1 1
3x  y = and 3x – y =
4 2
3x + y = 4 .........(v)
3x – y = 2 ..........(vi)
Adding equations (v) and (vi)
3x + y = 4
3x – y = 2
6x =6
 ... 22 ...

6
 x =
6
 x =1
substituting x = 1 in equation (v) we get,
3x + y = 4
 3(1) + y = 4
 3+y =4
 y =4–3
 y =1
 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (1, 1)

27 31 31 27
(iii)   85 ;   89
x 2 y 3 x 2 y 3

27 31
Ans.   85
x 2 y 3

31 27
  89
x 2 y 3

1 1
Substituting  m and  n we get,
x –2 y 3
27m + 31n = 85 .........(i)
31m + 27n = 89 .........(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii) we get,
27m + 31n = 85
31m + 27 n = 89
58m + 58n = 174
Dividing throughout by 58 we get,
m+n=3 ..........(iii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i)
27m + 31n = 85
31m + 27n = 89
(–) (–) (–)
–4m + 4n = –4
Dividing throughout by –4 we get,
m–n=1 .........(iv)
Adding equation (iii) and (iv) we get,
m+n=3
m–n=1
2m =4
4
 m =
2
 m = 2
 ... 23 ...

Substituting m = 2 in equation (iii) we get,

m+n=3
 2+n=3
 n=3–2
 n=1

1 1
Resubstituting m = and n = y  3 we get,
x –2

1 1
= 2 and y 3 = 1
x –2

1
 x–2= and y+3=1
2
 2(x – 2) = 1 and y+3=1
 2x – 4 = 1 and y+3=1
 2x = 1 + 4 and y=1–3
 2x = 5 and y = –2
5
 x= and y = –2
3
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (3, –2)

7 13 13 7
(iv)   27 ;   33
2x  1 y  2 2x  1 y  2

7 13
Ans. + y  2 = 27
2x  1

13 7
+ y  2 = 33
2x  1

1 1
Substituting = m and y  2 = n
2x  1
We get,
7m + 13n = 27 ... (i)
13m + 7n = 33 ... (ii)
Adding equation (i) and (ii), we get,
7m + 13n = 27
13m + 7n = 33
20m + 20n = 60
Dividing throughout by 20 we get,
m+n = 3 ... (iii)
 ... 24 ...

Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i)

7m + 13n = 27
13m + 7n = 33
(–) (–) (–)
–6m + 6n = –6
Dividing throughout by –6 we get,
m–n = 1 ... (iv)
Adding equation (iii) and (iv) we get,
m +n = 3
m–n = 1
2m = 4
4
 m =
2
 m = 2
Substituting m = 2 in equation (iii)
m+n = 3
 2+n = 3
 n = 3–2
 n = 1
1 1
Resubstituting m = and n = y  2 we get
2x  1
1 1
= 2 and y 2 = 1
2x  1
1
 2x + 1 = and y+2 = 1
2
 2(2x + 1) = 1 and y = 1–2
 4x + 2 = 1 and y = –1
 4x = 1–2
 4x = –1
–1
 x =
4
 –1 
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is  , – 1
 4 

1 1 1 5 2 3
(v)   ;  
2  3x  4y  5  2x  3y  4  3x  4y   2x  3y  2

1 1 1
Ans. 2(3x  4y ) + 5(2x – 3y ) =
4
Multiply throughout by 20, we get,
1 1 1
20 × 2(3x  4y ) + 20 × 5(2x – 3y ) = 20 ×
4
10 4
 3x  4y + 2x – 3y = 5 ... (i)
 ... 25 ...

5 2 –3
 (3x  4y) – 2x – 3y =
2
Multiplying throughout by 2,
10 4
3x  4y – 2x – 3y = –3 ... (ii)

1 1
Substituting 3x  4y = m and 2x – 3y = n

We get,
10m + 4n = 5 ... (iii)
10m – 4n = –3 ... (iv)
Adding equation (iii) and (iv), we get,
10m + 4n = 5
10m – 4n = –3
20m = 2

2
 m =
20

1
 m =
10

1
Substituting m = in equation (iii) we get,
10
10m + 4n = 5

 1 
 10   + 4n = 5
 10 
 1 + 4n = 5
 4n = 5–1
 4n = 4
 n = 1
1 1
Resubstituting m = 3x  4y and n = 2x – 3y we get

1 1 1
3x  4y = and 2x – 3y = 1
10
 3x + 4y = 10 ...(v) and 2x – 3y = 1 ...(vi)
Multiply equation (v) by 3 and equation (vi) by 4
9x + 12y = 30 ... (vii)
8x – 12y = 4 ... (viii)
Adding equation (vii) and (viii)
9x + 12y = 30
8x – 12y = 4
17x = 34
34
 x =
17
 x = 2
 ... 26 ...

Substituting x = 2 in equation (v) we get

3x + 4y = 10
 3(2) + 4y = 10
 6 + 4y = 10
 4y = 4
 y = 1
 Solution of the given simultaneous equation is (x, y) = (2, 1)

7x  2y 8x  7y
(vi) 5 ;  15
xy xy

7x – 2y
Ans. xy =5

7x 2
 – = 5
xy xy

7 2
 – = 5
y x
2 7
 – + = 5 ... (i)
x y

8x  7y
xy = 15

8x 7y
 + = 15
xy xy

8 7
 + = 15
y x

7 8
 + = 15 ... (ii)
x y

1 1
Substituting = m and y = n in equation (i) and (ii)
x
–2m + 7n = 5 ... (iii)
7m + 8n = 15 ... (iv)
Multiply equation (iii) by 7 and equation (iv) by 2
–14m + 49n = 35 ... (v)
14m + 16n = 30 ... (vi)
Adding equation (v) and (vi), we get,
–14m + 49n = 35
14m + 16n = 30
65n = 65
65
 n =
65
 n = 1
 ... 27 ...

Substitute n = 1 in equation (iii) we get,

–2m + 7n = 5
 –2m + 7(1) = 5
 –2m + 7 = 5
 –2m = 5 – 7
 –2m = –2
 m = 1

1 1
Resubstituting m = and n = y we get
x

1 1
= 2 and y = 1
x
 x = 1 and y = 1
 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (1, 1)
 ... 28 ...

(2) Solve the following simultaneous equations graphically :

(i) x+y=5;x–y=3
Ans. x+y=5 x–y =3
 y=5–x  x=3+y
x 0 1 2 3 x 3 4 5 6
y 5 4 3 2 y 0 1 2 3
(x, y) (0, 5) (1, 4) (2, 3) (3, 2) (x, y) (3, 0) (4, 1) (5, 2) (6, 3)

Y Scale : 1 cm = 1 unit
on both the axes
8
x

7
+
y
=
5

6
(0, 5)
5

4 (1, 4)

3 (2, 3) (6, 3)

(3, 2)
2 (5, 2)

1 (4, 1)

(3, 0)

X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 X

-1
3
=
y
-2 -
x

-3

Y

 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (4, 1)

 ... 29 ...

(ii) x+y=6 ; x–y=4

Ans. x + y = 6 x–y =4
 y=6–x  x=4+y
x 0 1 2 3 x 4 5 6 7
y 6 5 4 3 y 0 1 2 3
(x, y) (0, 6) (1, 5) (2, 4) (3, 3) (x, y) (4, 0) (5, 1) (6, 2) (7, 3)

Y Scale : 1 cm = 1 unit
on both the axes
8
x

7
+
y
=
6

(0, 6)
6

(1, 5)
5

4 (2, 4)

(3, 3)
3 (7, 3)

2 (6, 2)

1 (5, 1)

(4, 0)

X -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

-1
4
=
-2 y
-
x
-3

Y

 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (5, 1)

 ... 30 ...

(iii) x + y = 0 ; 2x – y = 9
Ans. x + y = 0 2x – y = 9
 y=–x  2x – 9 = y i.e. y = 2x – 9
x 0 1 2 3 x 0 1 2 3
y 0 -1 -2 -3 y -9 -7 -5 -3
(x, y) (0, 0) (1, -1) (2,-2) (3,-3) (x, y) (0, -9) (1, -7) (2,-5) (3,-3)

Y Scale : 1 cm = 1 unit
on both the axes
5

=9
x
+
y

-y
=
0

2x
(0, 0)

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

-1 (1, –1)

(2, –2)
-2

(3, –3)
-3

-4

(2, –5)
-5

-6

(1, –7)
-7

-8

(0, –9)
-9
Y

 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (3, –3)

 ... 31 ...

(iv) 2x – 3y = 4 ; 3y – x = 4
Ans. 2x – 3y = 4 3y – x = 4
4  3y
 x =  3y – 4 = x i.e. x = 3y – 4
2

x 2 5 -1 8 x -4 -1 2 5
y 0 2 -2 4 y 0 1 2 3
(x, y) (2, 0) (5, 2) (-1,-2) (8,4) (x, y) (-4, 0) (–1,1) (2, 2) (5, 3)

Y Scale : 1 cm = 1 unit
on both the axes
5

4 (8, 4)
3)
3 (5,

2 (2, 2) (5, 2)
)
, 1
= 4 (–1 1
– x
(–4, 0) 3y
(2, 0)
X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

-1

(–1, –2) -2
4
=
y -3
-3
2x
-4

-5

-6

Y

 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (8, 4)

 ... 32 ...

(v) 3x – 4y = –7 ; 5x – 2y = 0
Ans. 3x – 4y = -7 5x – 2y = 0
7  4y 2y
 x =  x =
3 5
x -1 3 -5 7 x 0 2 -2 4
y 1 4 -2 7 y 0 5 -5 10
(x, y) (-1, 1) (3, 4) (-5,-2) (7, 7) (x, y) (0, 0) (2, 5) (-2,-5) (4, 10)

Y Scale : 1 cm = 1 unit on
both the axes
10
(4, 10)

0
y=
9

–2
8

5x
7 (7, 7)

5 (2, 5)

4 (3,4)

(1, 2.5)
2
(-1, 1)
1
(0, 0)
X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
–7
=
4y -1
–
3x
(–5, –2) -2

-3

-4

-5
(–2, –5)
Y

 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (1, 2.5)

 ... 33 ...

(vi) 3x – y = 2 ; 2x – y = 3
Ans. 3x – y = 2 2x – y = 3

 3x – 2 = y i.e. y = 3x – 2  2x – 3 = y i.e. y = 2x – 3

x 0 1 2 3 x 0 1 2 3
y -2 1 4 7 y -3 -1 1 3
(x, y) (0,-2) (1, 1) (2, 4) (3, 7) (x, y) (0, -3) (1, -1) (2, 1) (3, 3)

Y Scale : 1 cm = 1 unit
7 (3, 7) on both the axes

= 2
6

– y
3x
5

=3
-y
4 (2, 4)

2x
3 (3, 3)

1 (1, 1) (2, 1)

X -4 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X
-3
-1
(1, -1)

-2
(0, –2)

-3
(0, –3)

-4

(-1, -5)
-5

-6

Y

 Solution of the given simultaneous equations is (x, y) = (–1, –5)

 ... 34 ...

(3) Solve the following :

(i) In a factory the ratio of salary of skilled and unskilled workers is 5 : 3.
Total salary of one day of both of them is ` 720. Find daily wages of skilled
and unskilled workers.
Ans. Let daily wages of skilled workers be ` x & daily wages of unskilled workers
be ` y According to first condition,
x 5
y =
3
 3x = 5y
 3x – 5y = 0 ..........(i)
According to second condition,
x + y = 720 ..........(ii)
Multiply equation (ii) by 5 we get,
5x + 5y = 3600 ..........(iii)
Adding equation (i) & (iii) we get,
3x – 5y = 0
5x + 5y = 3600
8x = 3600
3600
 x =
8
 x = 450
Substituting x = 450 in equation (ii)
x+y = 720
 450 + y = 720
 y = 720 – 450
 y = 270
 Daily wages of skilled workers is ` 450 and that of unskilled worker is in ` 270
1
(ii) Kantabai bought 1 kg tea and 5kg sugar from a shop. She paid `50 as
2
return fare for rickshaw. Total expense was `700. Then she realised that
by ordering online the goods can be bought with free home delivery at the
same price. So next month she placed the order online for 2kg tea and 7kg
sugar. She paid `880 for that. Find the rate of sugar and tea per kg.
Ans. Let the cost of 1 kg of tea be ` x and
cost of 1 kg of sugar be ` y
According to first condition,
1
1 x + 5y + 50 = 700
2

3
 x + 5y = 650
2
Multiplying throughout by 2 we get,
3x + 10y = 1300 ..........(i)
 ... 35 ...

According to second condition,

2x + 7y = 880 .........(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 2 equation (ii) by 3
6x + 20y = 2600 .........(iii)
6x + 21y = 2640 ..........(iv)
Subtracting equation (iv) from equation (iii)
6x + 20y = 2600
6x + 21y = 2640
(–) (–) (–)
–y = – 40
 y = 40
Substituting y = 640 in equation (ii) we get
2x + 7y = 880
 2x + 7(40) = 880
 2x = 880 – 280
 2x = 600
600
 x =
2
 x = 300
 The cost of 1 kg tea is ` 300 and 1 kg Sugar is ` 40

(iii)Two types of boxes A, B are to be placed in a truck having capacity of 10

tons. When 150 boxes of type A and 100 boxes of type B are loaded in the
truck, it weighs 10 tons. But when 260 boxes of type A are loaded in the
truck, it can still accommodate 40 boxes of type B, so that it is fully loaded.
Find the weight of each type of box.
Ans. Let the weight of box A be x kg and the weight of box B be y kg
10 tons = 10 1000
= 10,000 kg
According to 1 condition,
st

150x + 100y = 10000

Dividing through by 50 we get,
3x + 2y= 200 .........(i)
According to 2nd condition,
260x + 40y = 10,000
Dividing throught by 20 we get,
13x + 2y = 500 .........(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i)
3x + 2y = 200
13x + 2y = 500
(–) (–) (–)
–10x = –300
–300
 x =
–10
 ... 36 ...

 x = 30
Substituting x = 30 in equation (i) we get,
3x + 2y = 200
 3(30) + 2y = 200
 90 + 2y = 200
 2y = 200 – 90
 2y = 110
110
 y =
2
 y = 55
 The weight of type A box is 30 kg and the weight of type B box is 55 kg.

(iv) The denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice its numerator.

Denominator becomes 12 times the numerator, if both the numerator and
the denominator are reduced by 6. Find the fraction.
Ans. Let the numerator of the fraction be x and the denominator be y.

x
 The fraction is
y
According to first condition,
y = 2x + 4
 –2x + y = 4 ..........(i)
According to second condition,
(y – 6) = 12(x – 6)
 y–6 = 12x – 72
 – 12x + y = – 72 + 6
 – 12x + y = – 66 ..........(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i)
–2x + y = 4
–12x + y = –66
(+) (–) (+)
10x = 70
70
 x =
10
 x = 7
Substituting x = 7 in equation (i) we get
–2(7) + y = 4
 –14 + y = 4
 y = 4 + 14
 y = 18
7
 The required fraction is
18
