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Peroxide Curing

Peroxide Curing

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Vivek Raina
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206 views8 pages

Peroxide Curing

Peroxide Curing

Uploaded by

Vivek Raina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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peroxide curing ways to manipulate and improve peroxide-cured rubber Peroxide curing of rubber continues to increase as higher performance requirements necessitate the nse of more durable rubber. And in the case of swualing and heat aging, peroxide cures are about the best tha a compuunder can provide bis customer: Many componnders have an aversion 40 peroxide cures, They are reluctant to go beyond sulfur cures, often clue toa lack of familiarity swith peroxides. This Solution will cover many of the well-known properties of peroxides and will try to acquaint you with ways to tweak and improve your peroxide cures, Crosslinking (curing) elastomers with peroxides was first notably mentioned by scientists inthe carly 1900s. Natural Rubber in combination with benzoyl peroxide produced the fist peroxide- cured elastomer. But when compared to its counterpart, sulfur-cured natural rubber, this peroxide- cured network produced inferior room temperature and heat-aged properties. It was not until the 1950, when other more stable peroxides, di-ter-butyl and dicumy/, did rubber compounders start to investigate the true benefits of peroxide-curing natural rubber. Then in the 1960s, with the commercialization of EPDM and the fully saturated (no double bonds) EPR, peroxide- curing investigation increased and the full benefits of this chemical reaction started to be discovered, Today there are some 100 different types and forms of peroxides for rubber ‘compounilers to choose from. ‘The task is choosing the best-suited peroxide which is dependent ‘on curing temperatures and physical properties needed within the elastomeric application, ‘The peroxide manufacturers have done a competent job issuing technical itrature concerning peroxide curing, Every ACS Rubber Show has 6-8 technical papers, especially if you include coagent use. ‘This literature will summarize al the information out thee, review some ofthe peroxide benefits and deficiencies, and finally go over a few of the lesser known ways of manipulating peroxide cures. At the same time, you ean become familiar with Akrochem’s peroxide line-up. We carry most ofthe primary rubber peroxides in use today. How Peroxides Crosslink Elastomers: ‘The chemistry of peroxides cros-linking is relatively imple and well documented, Peroxides are chemical compounds that contain oxygen-to-oxygen (0-0) bonds. ‘These bonds are broken ot “cleaved” when exposed to heat (A): A 1) RO-OR —» 2RO* ‘The products ofthis reaction are two radicals (#), For those interested in chemistry the * denotes an unshared, unpaired electron, ‘These radicals are highly reactive (unstable) and desperately want to react with something. When these radicals are exposed to elastomers, like EPDM, NR, SBR, NBR, ete, they react and easily extract weakly bonded hydrogens from the elastomeric chain: 2) RO* + -C- ee —> ROH + -C-C=C-C-C- H Peroxide Elastomer (NR) with —» simple alcohol + polymer cain with radical Radical with vulnerable hydrogen NaN 3 = Fe By FA 4 “4 3 Es (Peroxive cuninc:e on tinued 2 ‘This reaction produces polymer chain radicals and now these polymer radicals are highly reactive and unstable and want to react with something quickly. They easily find other polymer radicals and create chemical eroslinks: 3)2 -C-C=C-0-C- —> -C-C=C-C-C~ Astrong carbon-carbon bond results ~C-C=C-C-C~ Note: The covalent bond between the carbons of the polymer chains i stronger (350K)) than the slfur-carbon bond (285k) formed by EV sulfur cures and much stronger than the sulfur sulfur bonds (varies from 155 to 270K) formed from normal sulfur cures. The highec bond strength means the heat needed to break them is greater and thus the resistance to heat and compression set is better in elastomers with peroxide cures. ‘The part about heat being needed to start a peroxide reaction is crucial to understanding peroxides. ‘The more stable a peroxide is the more it resists separation and the higher the temperature must be to get this reaction going. To the compounder, the higher temperatures needed mean that curing temperatures must be higher and congruently, processing or scorch time will be proportionally longer. This is a constant trade-off with peroxides: you can improve the safety of the compound by going to a higher-temperature peroxide, but a higher molding temperature will be required (or a longer cure time at lower temperatures is needed). Thus, peroxides are heat-

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