The Chinese improved the culinary art of the early Filipino's.
From the
natives learned the roasting of pigs, the brewing of tea for drinking and the
cooking of dishes like pancit, lumpia, chopsuey, and okoy. The Chinese also
taught the Filipino's the use of seasonings like toyo (soy sauce) and tahuri,
and vegetables like bataw, petsay and upo.
The sleeve jackets (kangan) of the Filipino male
Muslim women of Mindanao and the use of slippers wooden shoes (bakya)
fans, and umbrella were of Chinese Origin.
The linguistic influence of china on the Filipino language is quite
exceptional. About 1,500 Chinese loan words are included in the present
vocabulary of the Filipino's. These word usually pertain to kindship and
family relation, clothes, ornaments, food and drinks, agriculture and
commerce, tools and occupation and abstracts ideas. Among these are as
follows are ate(older sister), sanse ( third older sister) kuya (older brother)
diko (second older brother) sangko (third older brother) suki (friend),
gunting (sciase), hiya(shame) pakyaw (whosale) and susi (key)
In the middle of the 14th century, the muslim traders from Malaysia brought
Islam( In arabic mean " submission to the will of God") to the Philippines.
Karim ul Makhdum is the next mentioned in the Tarsilas (record). He wen
Sulu (1380 A. D) and began missionary work.
The stage of the makhdumin, an era of receptivity to islam resulted to
conversations to the Islamic faith with the Arrival of missionary Sulu.
The five pillars of Islam are as follows
1. Profession of faith (shahada) "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is
the messenger of God" which is prerequisite for membership in the Muslim
community.
2. Ritual prayer (salat) wherein the adulb Muslim has to implore the Almighty
five times a day facing Mecca, i.e. before daybreak at noontime, in midafternoon,
at sunset, and any time after sunset, before sleeping preceded by ritual cleansing.
L3. Almsgiving (zakat) which is the obligatory giving of bone fortieth of one's
income to the needy or religious cause to purify one's wealth and attain salvation.
4. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) mandatory once in a lifetime trip to the house of
God (the Kaaba) when the tittle of hadji shall be given to a Muslim who has
performed the pilgrimage.
5. Fasting (sawn) which is done during the lunar month of Ramadan (the ninth
month of the Arabic calendar)
6. Jihad (struggle) or " to exhaust one's effort “jihad- refers to living arvituous
life, helping other Muslim and preaching Islam.
POLITICAL INFLUENCE AND SOCIAL PRIVILEGES
ENJOYED. The ranks were follows:
1. The datu class or the ruling class
2. The maharlika or the aristocracy
3. The timagua pronounce (timawa) or the common class
4. Alipin (also known as urion among the Visayas) or dependent class.
The maharlika were believed to be the descendants of mixed marriage
between a ruling dynasty and the one out of power.
Timawa - enjoyed their right to a portion of the barangay land
2 KINDS OF ALIPIN
1. Alipin namamahay
2. Alipi sagigilid
The Alipin with land rights was called namamahay (householder)
Alipin Sagigilid (gilid is the part of the house where the stoves)
The supreme God of the Tagalog was bathala or Abba. He was said to
inhabit faraway real of enternal space known as kalwalhatian.
The patipat , more popurlarly known as tagitag was an Ifugao ritual
performed by the menfolk of the community to drive away bad spirits which
they believed bring poor harvest or elements of people. The workship
service called baki which starts at the track dawn was headed by a mumboki
(native priest), Animal sacrifices were offered to the goods for good omen.
One of the most popular religious ceremonies during the ancient times was
paniwata,
*Wine making-is an age old enterprise.
Popular wine are:
1. Tuba-made from the sap of coconut or nipa palms.
2. Basi-an Ilocano wine from sugarcane juice.
3. Pangasi-a Visayan wine made from rice.
4. Lambanog-a Tagalog wine produced by distillation of tuba.
5. Tapuy-an Igorot wine made from rice.
*Bothoan-an ancient barangay school in Panay. An Old man act as a teacher.
Subjects taught are reading, writing, the handling of weapons and the acquiring of
amulets or kinaadman.
*Olihaw-bamboo jaw harps of the Kalingas. In tagalog its called barimbaw. And
kubing in Mindanao.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED BY THE NATIVES
are:
1. Kudyapi (Tagalog Guitar)
2. Kulintang (Tinggian nose flute)
3. Babandil (Maguindanoan gong)
4. Kulintang (Muslim xylophone)
5. Tultogan (Visayan bamboo drum)
6. Silbay (Ilocano reed flute)
7. Suracan (Subanon cymbal)
8. Tambuli (Trumpet made from carabao horn)
9. Bungkaka-a bamboo buzzer played by striking the split ends against ones palm.
ANCIENT SONG:
1. Tagumpay – Tagalog song of victory
2. Ayeg-klu-Igorot serenade song.
3. Bactai- Tagbanua death song
4. Tudab- Agusan harvest song.
NATIVES DANCES are:
1. Mahinhin- Tagalog courtship dance.
2. Dandansoy- a Visayan tuba dance.
3. Sua-sua dance- Sulu courtship dance.
4. Paunlalay- Muslim wedding dance.
*Kali-later called Arnis. A method of self defense made of rattan canes or betel nut tree trunks. An art
of battle that requires basic skills for parrying, offense, and defense.
WEIGHT AND MEASURES OF EARLY FILIPINO are:
→Talaro-kind of balance with scales.Kaban (25 gantas), salop (one ganta),
kagitna(one half ganta),gatong (one chupa).Dipa the length of the outreached
arms;tumuro the length between the tip of the thumb and that of the forefinger
which extended; sandamak the width of the hand with the five fingers pressed
together; sandali the width of one finger.
*Piloncitos (little ones)- ancient gold coins.
*Barter-offered a products in exchange of other product.
*Basket-a functional household agricultural container and essential in carrying
clothes and vegetables especially in a rugged terrain. Codillera basket a multi
purpose backpack.Tampipi an Ilocano produced baskets for storing valuables and
their clothes. Hanunuo of Mindoro an embellished baskets to hold betel nut
chewing ingredients, beads or money.
*100,000,000(bahala) count of early natives. They could add, subtract, multiply
and divide.
TERMS FOR NUMERICAL are:
→isa(one), puo (ten), daan (hundred), libo (thousand), yuta (one hundred
thousand), angao (one million), cat (ten million), bahala (one hundred million).
*Calendar of Ifugaos contains 13 months in a year, each month having 28
days.Tumunoh a tribal calendar recorder, who kept 13 strings representing the 13
months of the year. At the end of the day the tumunoh tied a knot per string to
show that day had passed. A string with 28 knots represents one month. Their
calendar has a total of 364 days a year.
Clothing of the natives
Men
Collarless, short-sleeved coat called kangan and strip of cloth called bahag,
around the waist and between the legs. Putong a piece of cloth worn around the
head. No footwear. Wore jewels such as gold necklaces, gold armlets called
kalombigas, and gold anklets filled with agates, carnelians, and other colored glass.
Women
Upper garments was a wide-sleeved blouse called baro. Their skirt called
patadyong or saya with a strip of cloth over it called tapis.Personal trimmings
consisted of necklaces, bracelets, earings and rings made of gold at times filled
with pearls, carnelian beads, and other precious gems.
*Salakot (native hat)-worn to protect heat or sudden rain. Made of anahaw (a
forest palm).
*Bahay kubo (nipa hut)
*Silong-space beneath the house.
*Hagdan(ladder)-used to enter the nipa hut.
*Tinilad na kawayan(bamboo slats)-served as the floor of the house were set
slightly apart to introduce
ventilation.
*Tukod (mast)
*Bulwagan-principal space inside the bahay kubo about 10 square meters in area
or larger.
*Papag-built in seat.
*silid (room)
*Batalan-house with open porch.
*Kalan(stove)
*Tungkong kalan(three stove)
