All about you: Lesson B Names

The verb be: I, you, and we

I, you, and we are pronouns:
 Use I for yourself.
 Use you for another person / other people.
 Use we for yourself and another person / other people.
The verb be has contractions and full forms:
Contractions Full forms
I'm I am
you're you are
we're we are

Affirmative statements
Use pronoun + contraction of be:
I'm Jenny.
You're in Room G.
We're in different classes.

Negative statements
Use pronoun + contraction of be + not:
I'm not Carmen.
You're not in Room B.
We're not in the same class.

Yes-No questions and short answers

Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.
You can use be + pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:
Are you Jenny?
Am I in Room B?
Are we in the same class?

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:
A Are you Jenny?
B Yes, I am.

Negative short answers

Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:
A Are we in the same class?
B No, we're not.

Unit 1 All about you: Lesson C Personal information

What's . . . ?, It's . . .
Use What's (= What is) to ask a question:
What's your name?

Use a form of be to answer a question with What's . . . ?:

A What's your name?
B My name's Victor Lopez. (= My name is . . . )
You can use It's (= It is) to answer a question with What's . . . ?:
A What's your email address?
B It's [email protected]. (= It is . . . )

Unit 2 In class: Lesson A Classmates

The verb be: he, she, and they
He, she and they are pronouns:
  Use he for a man or a boy.
 Use she for a woman or a girl.
 Use they for two or more people.

The verb be has contractions and full forms:

Contractions Full forms
he's he is
she's she is
they're they are
You can use one of these pronouns + be to make a statement about another person.
He's at work.
She's sick.
They're late.

Affirmative statements
Use a name or pronoun + a form of be:
Hiroki's at work. He's at work.
Ellen's sick. She's sick.
Carmen and Suzanna are late. They're late.

Negative statements
Use a name or pronoun + a form of be + not:
Hiroki's not here. He's not here.
Ellen's not in class. She's not in class.
Carmen and Suzanna are not here. They're not here.

Yes-No questions and short answers

Use be + a name or pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:
Is Hiroki at work?
Is she in class?
Are they late?

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:
A Is Hiroki at work?
B Yes, he is.
A Are they late?
B Yes, they are.

Negative short answers

Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:
A Is Ellen sick?
B No, she's not.
A Are they here?
B No, they're not.

Unit 2 In class: Lesson B What's in your bag?

This and these

You can use This + is to make a statement about a singular noun:
This is a cell phone.
You can use These + are to make a statement about a plural noun:
These are headphones.

Yes-No questions with this and these

You can use Is + this to ask a question about a singular noun:
Is this your cell phone?
You can use Are + these to ask a question about a plural noun:
Are these your headphones?

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:
A Is this your cell phone?
B Yes, it is.
A Are these your headphones?
B Yes, they are.

Negative short answers

Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:
A Is this your cell phone?
B No, it's not.
A Are these your headphones?
B No, they're not.

Information questions with this or these

To ask a question about a singular noun, you can use:
What's this?
Use It's to answer:
It's a cell phone.
Remember, 's is the contraction of is.

To ask a question about a plural noun, you can use:

What are these?
Use They're to answer:
They're headphones.
Remember, 're is the contraction of are.

Unit 2 In class: Lesson B What's in your bag?

Noun plurals
Nouns are things or people. A noun can be singular or plural. A singular noun is one thing or
person: bag(= 1 bag). A plural noun is two or more things or people: bags (= 2+ bags).
Regular plurals
You can add -s to a singular noun to make it plural:
a bag bags a key keys
For these singular endings use -es to make plural nouns:
(-ss) a class classes (-sh) a brush brushes
(-ch) a watch watches (-x) a box boxes
For singular nouns ending in consonant + -y change -y to -ies to make plural nouns:
a dictionary dictionaries
Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a, e, i, o, or u.

Irregular plurals
Some nouns are irregular and have different plurals:
a man men
a woman women
a child children

Nouns that are only plural

Some nouns are only plural and do not change:
glasses
sunglasses
scissors
jeans
Unit 2 In class: Lesson C In the classroom

Questions with Where

To ask where something is, use Where's + a singular noun:
Where's the teacher’s coat?
Remember, 's is the contraction of is.

Use Where are + a plural noun:

Where are the students' test papers?

Unit 2 In class: Lesson C In the classroom

a / an vs. the
You can use a / an or the to say where something is. A / an is an indefinite article.
Use a / an when you don't know exactly where something is:
A Where's the teacher’s coat?
B It's on a desk. (I don't know which desk.)
The is a definite article. Use the when everyone knows the place where something is:
A Where's the teacher’s coat?
B It's on the desk. (We know which desk.)

Unit 2 In class: Lesson C In the classroom

Possessive 's and s'

You can use possessives to show the owner of something.
Singular
When the owner is one person, use name / singular noun + 's:
Ms. Moore's desk (= Ms. Moore owns the desk. It is her desk.)
the teacher's books (= The teacher owns the books.)

Plural
When the owner is more than one person, use plural noun + ':
the students' books (= The students own the books.)
Unit 3 Favorite people: Lesson A Celebrities

Be in statements
You can use a pronoun + contraction of be to make statements:
I'm a Johnny Depp fan.
She's a famous singer.
They're tennis players.

Remember, you use the indefinite article a / an with singular nouns but not with plural nouns:
He's an actor.
We're Giants fans.

Unit 3 Favorite people: Lesson A Celebrities

Possessive adjectives
My, your, his, her, our, and their are possessive adjectives. They show the owner of something.
Possessive
Pronouns
adjectives
I my
you your
he his
she her
we our
they their
You can use possessive adjectives instead of pronouns with be to make statements:
 My favorite actor is Johnny Depp.
I'm a Johnny Depp fan.
His new movie is great.
She's a famous singer. Her voice is amazing.
They're tennis players. Their matches are exciting.
We're Giants fans. Our favorite team is the Giants.
Unit 3 Favorite people: Lesson B People we know

Yes-No questions with be

Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.
You can use be + pronoun in Yes-No questions:
Am I late?
Are you busy?
Is he tired?

Affirmative short answers with be

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:
A Am I late?
B Yes, you are.

Negative short answers with be

Use No + pronoun + contraction of be + not:
A Is she strict?
B No, she's not.

Unit 3 Favorite people: Lesson B People we know

Negatives statements with be

You can use a pronoun + contraction of be + not to make a negative statement:
You're not late.
I'm not busy.
We're not late.

Is has two negative contractions:

She's not strict.
Use isn't when 's not is hard to say.
My boss isn't strict.

Are also has two negative contractions:

They're not nice.
Use aren't when 're not is hard to say.
My co-workers aren't nice.

Unit 3 Favorite people: Lesson C Family

Information questions with be

Use question word + be + subject (you, he, she, this, they, or noun) to ask an information
question. Answers to information questions are not Yes or No.
 Use What . . . ? in questions about things:
What are their names?
Linda and Carlos.
 Use What . . . like? to ask someone to describe a person or thing:
What's she like? (Remember, 's is the contraction of is from the verb be.)
She's very smart.
 Use Who . . . ? in questions about people:
Who's this?
Who's that?
It's my grandmother.
This is . . .
That is . . .
  Use Where . . . ? in questions about places:
Where are they today?
They're at home.
 Use Where . . . from? in questions about hometowns or countries:
Where are your grandparents from (originally)?
They're from Texas.
 Use How . . . ? in questions about people's health and situations:
How are your parents?
They're fine, thanks.
 Use How old . . . ? in questions about ages:
How old are you?
I'm twenty-three (years old).

Unit 4 Everyday life: Lesson A In the morning

Simple present statements

You can use the simple present to talk about routines and things that are always true.
Affirmative statements
Use verb with I, you, we, and they:
I eat breakfast.
They read the paper.
Use regular verb + -s / -es / -ies with he, she, and it:
He listens to the radio.
She watches TV.
He studies English.

Negative statements
Use don't (= do not) + verb with I, you, we, and they:
You don't have tea.
We don't get up early.
Use doesn't (= does not) + verb with he, she, and it:
He doesn't listen to CDs.
She doesn't watch videos.
Verb endings: he, she, and it
Verbs with he, she, and it end in -s or -es.
 Add -s to most verbs
He gets up late.
 Add -es to verbs ending in –ch
She watches TV.
 Add -s to verbs ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + -y
He plays video games.
 Add -ies to verbs ending in a consonant + -y
She studies in the morning.
Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a vowel.
Irregular verbs
The irregular verbs have, do and go have different endings with he, she, and it:
He has coffee.
She does her homework.
My brother goes on the Internet.

Unit 4 Everyday life: Lesson B Routines

Simple present: Yes-No questions and short answers

Use Do + I / you / we / they / a plural noun + verb to ask a Yes-No question in the simple
present:
Do you go to a class in the evening?
Do your friends call you at night?
Use Does + he / she / a singular noun + verb:
Does she play sports?
Does your mother work on the weekends?
Affirmative short answers
Use Yes + I / you / we / they + do:
A Do you go to a class in the evening?
B Yes, I do.
A Do your friends call you at night?
B No, they don't.
Use Yes + he / she + does:
A Does your mother work on the weekends?
B Yes, she does.

Negative short answers

Use No + I / you / we / they + don't (= do not):
A Do you and your friends play sports after class?
B No, we don't.
Use No + he / she + doesn't (= does not):
A Does your mother work on the weekends?
B No, she doesn't.

Unit 5 Free time: Lesson A Going out

Simple present information questions

Information questions start with a question word. These are question words:
How often, What, When, Where, and Who
Simple present information questions are: Question word + do / does + subject + verb . . . ?

Use do with you, we, and they:

What do you do in your free time?
Where do they go on Saturday nights?

Use does with he and she:

How often does he eat out?
When does she go out?

Unit 5 Free time: Lesson B TV shows

Frequency adverbs
Always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever and never are frequency adverbs.
You can use frequency adverbs to talk about how often you do something:
always means all the time
usually means most of the time
often means a lot
sometimes means not often
hardly ever means almost never
never means not ever

Frequency adverbs usually come between the subject / pronoun and the verb in a sentence:
I always eat in front of the TV.

You can also use the frequency adverbs sometimes, usually, and often at the start of a
sentence:
Sometimes I eat in front of the TV.

Unit 6 Neighborhoods: Lesson A Nice places

There's and There are

You can use There's (= There is) and There are to say what is in a place.
Use There's / There is + a singular noun (= 1 thing):
There's a park in my neighborhood.
Use There are + a plural noun (= 2 or more things):
 There are three restaurants.

Unit 6 Neighborhoods: Lesson A Nice places

Adjectives before nouns

You can use adjectives to describe your neighborhood.
Adjectives usually come before nouns:
There's a small park in my neighborhood.
There are some expensive stores.
Unit 6 Neighborhoods: Lesson A Nice places

Quantifiers
A / an both mean one. Use a / an with singular nouns:
There's a park. (The first letter of park is not a, e, i, o, or u.)
There's an outdoor café. (The first letter of outdoor café is o.)
There's one park and there's one outdoor café.

Quantifiers give information about numbers:

 a lot of means many
 a couple of means two or three – a small number
 some means more than two
 no means not any

Use a lot of, a couple of and some with plural nouns:

There are a lot of restaurants.
There are some outdoor cafés.
There are a couple of movie theaters.

Use no with singular or plural nouns:

There's no mall.
There are no clubs.

Unit 6 Neighborhoods: Lesson A Nice places

Adjectives before nouns

You can use adjectives to describe your neighborhood.
Adjectives usually come before nouns:
There's a small park in my neighborhood.
There are some expensive stores.
Unit 6 Neighborhoods: Lesson B What time is it?

Asking questions about time

You can ask the time like this:
What time is it?

You can use What time do / does . . . ? to ask what time something happens.
Use does with a singular noun:
What time does the concert start?
Use do with a plural noun:
What time do supermarkets close?
Use do with you:
What time do you go out at night?
nit 6 Neighborhoods: Lesson B What time is it?

Answering questions about time

Use It's to say the time:
A What time is it?
B It's 6:30.
Use at to give times:
A What time does the concert start?
 B It starts at nine o'clock.
Use about or at about to give approximate times ("approximate" means not exact):
A What time do supermarkets close?
B They close (at) about 10:00 p.m.
You can also use around to give approximate times:
A What time do you go out at night?
B Usually around 8:00 or 8:30.
Remember, after he, she, it the verb ends in -s:
I / You / We / They start . . .
He / She / It starts . . .

Unit 6 Neighborhoods: Lesson B What time is it?

Suggestions with Let's

A suggestion is an idea to do something. You can use Let's + verb to make a suggestion:
Let’s go to the concert.
Let's meet at 6:45.
Let's get there early.
You can use That sounds . . . to agree with a Let's . . . suggestion:
That sounds like fun.

Unit 6 Neighborhoods

Prepositions with time and place

Prepositions often give information about time and places.

 Use at with an exact time:

The concert is at 5 p.m.
 Use on with the weekend:
There are free concerts on the weekend.
 Use between or from . . . to with start and end times:
Call between 9:00 and 5:00.
The café is open from 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
 Use through with start and end days:
The store is open Monday through Saturday.
 Use at with buildings:
The concert is at the stadium.
 Use on with streets and in with neighborhoods:
Wilson Park is on Green Street in Fairview.
 You can also use at before a phone number:
Call the Park Office at 686-555-2400 for more information.