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PA He RAPPER, ARAELE DH aE ALGAR, R-MAREVMLAPUHHARHEH KR, WFRK SO FRM, AFEPEEE ERAT MORE SEH HATE BR, AGES PAGAL RAR ALGAE 08 Eh he A, TP HRIA TT FLA LOA PEAS RA RGAE ERER EMT ROKR JE" HE CSR, AG HE RRR TE Rh, BFE PRALEWRH A AA CRRRUA 1972 $, R-# ADH SE D Ee CAS 1927 MEDEA,ah, LEE HM (Holmes) A-AQ MEMS SERRE A TM ARG LGR BL AM Riese — OLE RAR, Ie APA BAF (Brian Harris) # — 48 dT “Traductologie” (#13 9) =k — A BO ATRERRT HEE ALE BAER BRAVO Z, LEK hE EE AS + BOR 28 AR ( Ladmiral) 46M J “4038” ( wraductolo- Sie) 34, MAG TIER + APR IGE ARAL, RIL EE BOR RE AR SSMEARAAAMEER THAT ZAAHEARE A, £20 FH 50 EA, BRR CM Ay — 11 ks FEAL” (Lefevere 2004) , “aR RA FP HRRER OKA LOURAMAENOELSY DHLAR AE BER, WS IP RAVI AR AG RR” IRD EAI eR ERI KE HA BA)ENES TIAA, BP 20 E50 FR SRM AA HART RR BHR EP HK, RER-ERARER SHAT SEP PE EA BOR ARMER BH ADEA A RRA EAE” EIR A AO) A at, PRIA MO CRE T Ra RAT ERG AMS RUE, RROAE KAA YM RG BLA ERS, ZY 80 PRG QRELEF LEARY eho eT MRE RR, RR FRRAGORT MELEE RRR ER” REALE ER REARRALGEE AA EE RE RR AIR AA) AE PHASE, FROSA RAR PEAR RT ARS 0) RR, A ag FERAL YS FR SPA, HRMS PA ERR, IO FR, ERSEDORME ALE DPN OS RRR BA PMA A RBA MEY LDA CMAL, FARBER A PH) A TF EFMAAAK TAA HEI AME FREE PER FRENTE OAT MEE HAREM L EA ERA BE SH CRE eat PRS, BAD PP ARGMAERSLM RL D BR Ov’ csi-ce que a traductologic? Etudes réunios par Mickel Ballard, Arras, Artois Presses Université, 2006, p.7. @ Briso Harris, {La taductologie, le tmuduction nuturslle, ta traduction auromatique et Ia sémantique). Dans Jos Problames de sémantique (Cahier de Yinguistique 3), dirigé par J, McA’Nulty et al. , Montréal, Pres- sex de Université du Québec, pp. 133-146,1 —— PUR AH -EF RAD T REAR EM, PO BMEELR RET IE FMM hfe RAF HRA MAOH RF RATA T AR — OE ER Le RT A EE he LEB, —FHKMELPHRE HALLE HHA RRR M, BESS RP YR EE” HAR RAR RARE, RR MUMEECAR, F-FH, NFA HRRARASHRHRRARE, TA LEAT AR REA AREA EER ARAM RE, AAMAS RR T TRO, BEE Sk, BAST ae ek TE Ey UMA EH, Pte FAFA RA LE 1988 at FORT CREE) (RT Wat) RPA ALA + Bid (Mundy) F 2001 sk mT Introducing Transla- tion Studies: Theories and Applications — #3 (i 4 FEA A ¢ Sait FFB HH KY). 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MAREE EXE, Aidt Ay BLA ay — Bp Ge ok BRAS EPR RF A HEF ICD, AE GAS QAALPASFARAMPAEPAR ORE AGRE EHO BPR BR AG RAL, RAGE A 09 AL, ABA aE Sh RT EEE A BRA] AS % AME PIE-F OORRAT TR, - 2009 4 4 F428 HY FRRAEBR Contents Bae HME - Ro MEAMMRTE - RaW RR IRE Sa BRST BG ACER SAR SAW GRCAMOEE - A BPRS al BH BP SERS ER SPRL - Bh ARMM EIOMNE Ro AMARA HEAL BSW BEEF SRG -- BON RATIO ET - AI MK EOE RSG BHR BI BRAM RAW PCT PRR RO CRP 100,aEH0c semen MEE BAR BLE BAR Ua a PRR: 00 STREAM See priaRRIe terra EU BA pri MRRARO HERR LIRAEE ee5maaT sy RM RPERTE Ho maRMOREOE Sy BHU Oy PIRI - RaW ESE - SAT RPO RABIN Si mR SRVUER - a2 SMR 1 BPR EeSR ee COLD eed Ray RNR SORIRROD Soma RRR ea RINT TOI BAT MRM xem 8 BOR os aeRO AEA RE 8 SOPRA RL Tu EMMA - SY POUR BAD LE SMT mF Sh RAPER THEE Rot REE - ov aR -RAE e+e SOT RREHIGIRRU ERA RRR Siow BCE Cr oy BRMCRIR Sa RETR BS RRA AHR - ay ewer SAY RRB OMNY IY RHR E RS OE ee CUE Sa RE SEER aHOTRM RRHPHMERLSAEE ARR EID A ene eee teeter i -a-k B-b MPHER RVD BFS, ACN A RE Ee XB ETA? 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CE RRL MRN BRAN, TS RS RTA A" BORER HO BE BeBe" A ER” NTT.“ RRR” “SRE SCRE” FAR SRO fa, SIG AR A See” A ER”, A: FERS ATARAX FHM LL, (0) Fb) PRR HEE SIAR ARIE ETE EU BOLD ee FA AE BE AE SL Rs SEL.) * FURIE ORI RS SS EI Ps AE PH 0 fe ITE BPR TK Me TES ALi” (Jakobson , 1959/2000: 233) (2) FE —BHE S CURIE) Ii SC EPR Be EAGT) hah BOSAL” (Catford, 1965: 20) 5 (3) “ M—ZERT a APS SS — SS ES “ESC! HES” (Lawendowski,1978; 267) ;(4)" JOB UB) SCAR, FIRE 9 PARE SPELT PAR” (Nida and Taber,1969; 12) ;(5) “A RAH TPE E LAA KEW KA, RP RRA A SERB NRE BE BA) SR AMPABEEA EA” (Nord, 1991; 28) 289, Hoo SAMA A 1) BY" ERR” AE” EC) RE SCA” EM (3) AO" RE EEE” ER (4) AY SRY RR SEES” DA DE (5) AA IANA DR ASSEN GR” KR L” . HAA ERB IR, BARRE BP HE AREA PARR TA EAS SE BT ERE RAAB FB BEE RAL, RAPE BSL YS GES” 5 AE FRASER SEALER a” EAT ES” BO RB” 5 J RTE,” 8 “HY JAA ARASH RSE AS ME". TT. PRCA AURA fed A BRIN BE TERE BD RG EAB SE EAA ERED RTT SE ES” ALS ABS TIP” IB LT BH YY UE BRB FB EO. 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(SN ,17 TSA PEDERI I (Gilles Ménage ) tt DERE + BARBI (d’ Ablancourt) 19 (E38 M0 AR EY” RAPE AIM, SIBRAB 2 FOE — fei” ASA A, MASE MEA” 6 LRT HOM, BR BURATE A — PEA AP, DUE RSE ER RE AAT ASE A HR SAA AAU: BH TTBS MOP LAR” ALOR AERIS OS Bee TSC Be a ed ESN TER” BS — TB ET SEAN BFE RUE BS, FEM 17 HS ASCE AE WHC Dryden ,1631—1 700 ) HEPES HH" WHE” , iS ET EAS BR A et 2a SURAEAL” BI DE” Wea RS , FL OT FTES SCALA SER EB I I EP) RE He PRES FE AT ADM SFA, AE GES, V5 SM th” THE Ie BAS BK HE UDA Bae BEA OAL 2a Ok” SS AR SLB TO AG DS 9 A, DTS 52 HFG DP RR AR BAL" BAR” SCH HES Hut GAR AS ARE HEA ET AE, OT ME MB APOE AE. PAG BRAT IFAS FA OORT ARE Ee PAE” TERE TE A POR AT ERO EAE PPE A ALE. UES BRE , IR SE SC AER FTE Je A ED BURA EE A, SOE HEME ABET YT RAT NIA EEA PRTC, FE SEEG AAEM DAP REMASTER LACS OEM TH SAE ol 8 LA BE 09 ALEKS, RACE RB ( € SREB 92006 APS 3.5) RAD CROSSE HED CC HE) 2006 HE 2 HA)ol — EE, RAT ERIE RAE AY HOM HE, ROS. PTR, AUB BEA ‘ELAR 9 CTE IR JC A MA A RE” BE SEARLE PRE. 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BOF , LU AS BCE) AS REA TE MALE Ha PE 2h tA AE A TA, PRE RREPA RARE. RPS YT REN REE EE IBS BE EE PF ACA EI YT RB” BUR ANE BL A A BA HAP FOR" ER” , FE A “BeBe” A ah SOAR ZA EAT REE” AR, BBE BRI BOL HAs THE Ja Pi MFP LEB BEM 0 Ait SER ELSE A CEPA RAPER” EL, RAT A BA, EVR SCA ANWR SCA ZN REE” ABI ER A ARMAS, “OME” LCS, MATER. BR COUR A CABTTAS) > HAE RR, BRIE EAR” HEE (AEB AE) AE” OTE TR) EA EATER)” “(APE Z AAD) REECE” (BELG TTL BER) ABE SE” CARA ER ZILA) REE” SEE, RP Ae LH HY RE”, ALTE MARAE EA TSE” o AGE BE, PS BF AR A RYE” BERR RHE SE” HT AT AB WAR Bersca rere St a PGT) FPGT)) ei 5 BL Bice I= FST) sta Ptgr)= FFT) Awnt —— BC tr = Fist) ste PGT) = FIRST) ai TLE TR, DAU ARB CAAA EX PU PO FP Hy NR of ADAM, AZ Abe FA fe” PF” 5 aT” ZA A, TT SS Sp A ASTPLGEG ET SCA 5 RATTLE LP A (HS AP AC UEFA THE, VOW SE SEG” AE RB MLS. BL NE TP BEA SHE MADR TT = F( ST): SCAR ST ZENDRRIY YE FAT F BEEN ERICA TT, ST=F (IT) =F F( ST) } ; WAS ST ZERLEBIN TE FAB BEAL SOAS TT, ASR EE ADL TEAL YE AL ERIN, UAE RE — Ah 5 2 1 PBEM H BROCAS TT URI, FLORES US HCAS WATE BORE A, Ke STSF" (TT) =F" CF(ST)) : WA ST Cet PERY YEH F BEAL BR SAR TT, Jy AGAR, UE Ae BEAU RBM RAS TT EEO SAS A OE REE ls FRE OCA TL SToCP™ (TT) =F "CF (ST): WEA ST CEL PEIN YE FTF BEE AE ER SOA TT, RGR 14s TIF URE DH A RAB HC AGA IY ) Int UBUD FL RIC AS TT RR ACA AP IRE ANE SBI SF SCA BG OEE EL PP EA Le IH SOA, CEP = POO PTL, ABE As A SF — 1 SELB» ELANTRA Eo TEED Hi SL RAR ICA DE” LL TAAL A. EAE ie I aia SS PUREE REGRET RS CRETE" Zea” 0 Ee TR, PEA CAs SUB WC AR AS EACH 2M, EL PROCS SU AG LA EE BORE AT APART AL PATE AI, PPD PTE A AA, A EASnen SA FER AES RB" TPT TRE BA RICK PR”, TDA REMC ASS CAR ER” PL FS a A DR IC Bu eee $i al Ze, TATE eh ed AG SAE CAA El tan CA ATE, fd SR RR AS oT A: SAR RAAT (UGA), BRA a Sh — A RATED) AS EP PRE AE, Bea EE A F RPE IF WEAR (ELE SF BE RAR Ae TSCA A FE ES, AR BREA, REAR ARATE RAITT ALT=? ARR A, WAR HEA CAREER 22AS) . BA TIG ARAYA 48 BEAR: El TC I “TA” “BHE A SPCAS OSE” FER AT ATE PRISE A EID” BR EEE” PEATE DUE ELA PER BY 6 SAD, LE” ED” A "SE RAAB TS TAA. AE GL, ATT I PT SBE Se” TLE, BB AEM SU AB Sy TACT)” «TT PE BS a ATT" SAR, PLU EME. A AAMAS BE — EME. BRAT FEE. RICA SCA HY TI RE SE ETE ROC AR BS“ 9 BR” Be a RR". 4 “Xt HAGR” (absolute translation) BO tH OF , “SRP URC AR MERE HR AR, PEATE RX ASAE AAI ah” ( Shuttleworth et al. 1907; 1). HF EWE BLT BERS) (REIT PEER Oe OF FERS BL TI SI PR AS THY EAR ARES REE RY * 5 RAPE” ak" eR” 5 BQ LE AL. 0 A as TE ATR A” AB Se AB Se". RT AER TA BK RY, ET EBAAT AREER. RENAME ore: BR Ee ACES SMEPRE EMRE EAF. ARCA el BRA TE BRA TC RRR, BT BA PRA, RRR” HER” oR FE" WER BUS. IL BR CR AAR, BRE A PI. HE Fi: PRR EE BCA, HAE Ab Te A PB A FAL, KEE AS* ABP REE” OT BENET PIER a RE TEL, FTES OPER BA BOT TEA PRE DP SG BE eS HE AE EDU, BORNE SCAR NY" DOSTRE B 9 BRC EE” (Ue A2, TEETER PTAC fii CPEB) CURA) IME TR FL BSED Ee), ESE, RTT UA ST MAH BTA MARS” IER AE OT {HAY TAL TER BU DURE BOR ARM ER A RK bE, EU "RE OP, Ze ETA EI FRARFE TE" FERS” RR BORE OK PERT MT RIPE AR BEART REA” Pe as RE RE” 2, SRA OP” RI SS" SS FUT AS RI" UDOT AR ABLE RATT i“ TAS BR SC HERA, FET PAILS AG” AB AT BSE RSAC A A A A FA OCA, BRERA ORAL OSCAR”. TA RS BRAEMAR SERRE” Be A IR ET AR, AE JAE. HUA B HE NAT A HEE Bl — ARB RE RACEAW BAR AAA TS? ARPA RSE SRAM ATS ARENA RA? BE SADRTE* PBR" ESE HS ER CARS HH UR AREA PSE" Sh BBE AS EP METHRABE A BEE. LRA MER TRS PS te” A AR ABER FY ATES So EEE BREE HIS Ze FRAT] HG YA HB Eo HI SB PURF ADS A ARH ASAE” MEAP S RO RATER bE REARS RR” MRA A REALE MR AAAI WALLA MN" ae” RPE” OA IE BA AKAMA CAE AY TT AER LO EER” REDE" SOREDR WTR” FES chy BRAG Ea BA A“ BEE” I ES” ES PT LA A ME” PL $B PARE AT REM fal — 1B ET AS NY BCAA AT HERE PA ABZ OY UNE PAL RR ACHR“ BR SD I ABER" BY AC PN , PETE fr SPAS, BT RTE" YF TE” AB BNA Re eS BE ALR, WT METS” BUA RATE” RY CL 5 WORE RG — APIA ENE. 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PRUOB AT UA Fe FA Ba 5 SAS AS SRE MT AS, 105k BH Pela eA” (Nida and Taber, 1969.7), A8i8" MRAAA” (OWL A EG FE TPR ARTIC A BPE AR KY BE (2 RRA: ERR BCC AO FRR FPP, BE TE ROZEDREMBIE | AEDST FAB YE CN al AG 2 ED SP ET FG WRIA REPEL PED BME A RE AR ER ER SET Da TREE EAT PRT ST AR AT SH He ae 2 HE FE I (BREE ASAT PL MR SEH AY AERP EC AM) AAP, GO) BEAT A A SR. ATR ee WH, ER BE A ES TR RED HTK RE IE AUPE ) SPT TY EX GE TR TSE RE RAE) PRISE MS PIN RA Ae LT TAL PB A Lo dE BD A) SEAS BE MT SS Pe BRIS. HbA TRL ALLIS AT ( analysis) 96% Ctrans- fer) ®IEHi ( reconstructure) = SEAR ARPS. ARIS TEBE GS Pe RE WERE TE EAE RTA RE, FRET REE A) — a SE 75BENS memeeenae RT AC AYE ROR BEM A ER RRS — RUS TE COPE BEE G21) — 1S, (WOE RG lk — ab BE, EMG TRESS FPR AA RR IIR SETHE FARE TT A RETR” Eh IS BAAR Nida, 1964 59 - 60), HL PR a DERE, TEA RSET I SPCR RHE CASE Ra EBON PUR AS A SPER EHH , FRG PED PPE MR RE. ON Source Language Receptor Language Text ‘Translation Analysis Reconstructuring Transfer Nida’ s Model (Nida and Taber, 1969-33) AMR + ERR, CL) EB RSC) FP RS (2) REL AAS EY (2) REDE RP Pe AAV SATE 3 A -LRAEAR BE D> ty] (kemel sentence) : (1) John ran quickly. (293) KERHE AE. ) (2)Joho hit Bill. (29847 4K.) (3)John gave Bill a ball, ( #y#78 Ht AK—-7SER. ) (4)John is in the house. (27 0q¢E Hi.) (5) John is sick, (21841: 9915) (6) John is a boy. (BK) (7) John is my father. (29 R3HLIRA ae.) 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EOD Se ABS HEAD tes CREEL 2 PS 7D CA RD (1988 ) PRT TE BETA) (1989) fol FE EEE 2) CHE LEHR) (1994) CER 1A PAS ER) (1990) PRAT a. HERA TB BART EPRICE — ITE. AEE DES TMU 2k Th aA GRE ZTE, BRAY AE 4 UA RE ( cognitive ) . Ai St: (hermeneutic } AUBERUE (associative) , BALA MLE E EA IAP ak LAE OAL LAREN CBRZR YT 1988 23), RATE TE: CL) SM OP Le POE AER EU) , FAT A Ds (2) SNPS BR «JAS 8 TE SELES HTS Ah LA Tid i 5 (3) Ae FPR» BS BA A RE HO FL SET AL LAS PET Fe ELS OT BE EAE SBR RAS APL REE. TARAS TTB eH Je AACE Ree eat LBD SPOR, FF ALR A RE MR A PE ALA Sais a1 Bh al PE AUPE, — Bs ED EE ER EPR ATER AT AEN. EIB PAS AU RE PSS”. TIGER Hae bid AT Pi AS R= RR RR. BPEL AIRE REE AR TE PERORPIE. BARE) LARPS tS A BT PR EA PS RE RRRA—THSREMN AM. ME ACOAT MELE” RI APU LAO RAS” ARES. PRE TS, AE ER A EAN BARA R CO a as RAR FE, BREDA. 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ZESIRMAPERL LY A Hl SE TA: (1) FRASR IE (preliminary norms) eae PEAS EE, PE. FEE ED LS BE AY AT RB? BERBER BTR Aa ACETONE? PALER? WR at IBA Mae (2) ASG SU7E (initial norms) Bese Hee BAPE SAMOA, BOSE FRIASema EE CVT TORE, HEAR a FP ICE BT. PRL GR“ FES HE” (adequacy ) Fil “BTRESEHE” (acceptability) , (3) BERLE (operational norms) fil 29S R PEE SP BSE, Fi LAM A074 0 SEPERLIE ( matricial norms) , BE 22 WSs Hab el 29 EE AY DI, SA, SXRD RE RARE Oe AOS). bE AP ALE (textual-linguistic norms) B20 SAR AY BLMD LIK, AO) A a aa, SERRA A DARE (Hermans 1999 ,75 76) , PENS iH, PRR BOSE Zo PS ST PE Lb PD ee ie, PASE AT EKER IGAR” (Toury 1995-59). PA EB AU BAER ARYL ae Pap A lee SCAEAS TAU SE ME AS LR ASC ET HORE SE WN PEREIE AAR ARSE CDRP ETE SLURP ih Ce BCE HY RE ROR A TA FG SASS AR BREA ASD C8 ASE Aa OR Be FUMBLED. BF RULE TE OSE Ai BRE FECA I SARA ADK TE TE — eA Er ES, RO ECS HE UGE: 5 WIR, UBL Re ETT EAE T AES TE EL BETH “TNCAS EE BARK 9 Be ie ET IE FAY HE REY aes SBE ASE PE ES fl PT LERRER 2” ( Hermans 1999 :91 ) BOAR Rh, 22 LM ERLE SU — OT BEES LDR TRE TE WR PRA BAPE Ciranslational laws), ses EMF KA RIA F (1) MRR BY EE eA ARR 5 (2) AEG ET BE BL BY EG BR AWE BHA ETT PEE (3) ET BE AR EY) BE JK HA (1) ANZ ) SP SN Fae PB 1 A A BPE 2 AF LTT 3) Re Hy Wy BYTBIOIE SK” (ibid. - 92). TERE LZ Ja TES ( Andrew Chesterman ) 96H J MEAT 2) (8) PEE tS BLE (social norms ) , 3H MALI (ethical norms) ALA A HLT (technical norms) 5 Ab: SUE MRIRA Si AZ AACR ARTS RA LY en RP SE AREAL” BOTA 5 TTR ARE CP RAE PE oP JA (product norms ) PRIS S038 , BE AEE NCAA AE ay fel EO A CER LE RUE BCE iE PE SERA LE SK ( Chesterman, 1997 264) . 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BEIT NTE RARE Hay BE SES BA) BE SPER EE AB RFALRASHAR, MERA KROPRAR AN RAE Bs RPA AS EE A A te A Hat Bl 2g Ra EP PEE OR MEK RRA G RS RA MAR ELF P ite ARLES MM RAK ERE 384, (Hermans ,1985 10-11), FEM + AAA (Jose Lambert) A (8498 «$+ KM (Hendrik van Gorp ) AP RIATE HEX ERR GER KE AE RE, HE I VALINE TRADER AAA DETER. HRT KD AMF IL BS: CL) BUSES. PIAL RR BER FOC AK ( metatext ) AL LMR TERE ( SC AER TROPA) (OE . CR SEA (2) (3) BEBE (2) RAUB KR. SORA SY RR ARE RE NAL A LL OL REEFS. MRS] PH BOWE KA BIR. (3) POWER. ROA A ORES ( shift) , ILLrem BS NET BA SORA, RRS EK EEE FEE A RE iBT UTD. (4) ASA. WGOR AN MA ARICHE R, BG, RAS HAWICA (2D) BS AR PR RS HL CIS ATEN ER. (Munday, 2001 ;120) AER TECH RIA TT RE 5 AEA EY BTA RL FEL, RAD” BE RE AES A ERD TA A” (Munday ,2001 ;120 -121), SERA BURR WAP BA BSG A HE A ( re-write) AE Bo MT BAA EE SICA ETE RAS [ SOF PERSE ] CAGE I OE 48” (Munday ,2001 :127), AQ HE ES AEP ARH BRSE) - Fah, TAB YS DPSS HT" REFIT SAE AEE UA ANSE OA + BOE MU" ALIS VUES. Pb itl ALPES 19 fa] BH” (Lefevere,1992 2). MUA HHS is RUE TIRES AR ae BR HEE A A ke A, SY LE A FE ASB G BE (AR AC HE BET HE AS) PMA EC Be SE BiGhAS). GVEA A RTS” , BPR AE BRST ER AY ak (— BP) Heche — PO TR BEATE A CE , Re “EE FEBEE" (Lefevere 1992 :9) ECAP GSE A — AA ee , ERAS A 2 A “PEG AN RLHES Sr ABS ARH hie, HORT a IR AE ARE ETE — ELS RIN RAAB” (Bassnett and Lefe- vere, 1990:ix) . BUFR AR ACTA , PAPE CE CF FR SEP ERE ( Ae 7) SEB) = BRIO HAA C1) SCHAAR PAA, BIE PPR Pe ae Cr HE AE SE) BT ea HAT ZO). WER Ca PES EE A TEAS) © (2) MERA IY RB, WE Hak PA BE EA Wa aR ea AT BO AT A TA OI ET FB) WAR RAEE AK A LE CEA UY EAST EE FU). RMRAT MURA BAS Mt SS Pha A Fo (3) BREE, ERP AI TB: ECE Pe, RICE RTE, EE URBANA SE, MA SHS REA MINK. REWES FEMMES KA me WIEN.” BE PE OI92 it FETED RESIGN, USAR PU VAR RR IE AS A Re LA RE AP J AALS hE” (Lefevere,1992:39), 72 RAIL PAA, RUE BR Ro DAVE ATRL AS 3H ES PEE BRE BA VUES SSF EPR AE ELSE TP A TK PE TEE AYE — Ti ES, TIE BP REFERER HM EKA ( Shuttleworth ,1998:178), (EB MAPE (prescriptive) ASB pR HERES IA ZEEMAN EE aR A AEE SCS RE XP BU OAS ES EO EA” RR, BIGRAR FALE EE ( descriptive) OIE, ATT URFFER HE APE ASUE AARP ES, M BRU AS PE AE, BRAG EE IP SHER ARE A AE TE FSR BE Set. AEA, BIR II ee BAR CL) AS ROE SE 2S 1 CA SEF A TT 5 (2) FR, AIO BR. PALI HE PT SE A PF TE AE” (refinement) {HIF BES SR EOS * AeA IEF IBM” ( Shuttleworth 1998179), SU HRRAN HF ike REAR M2 AM. ALOR Se UE Le RTA OE FE AVE, AAPL DS , SSC EE Se aR BAB «CE RRS EE ARSED REPENS SC TE ih AER OF , AL Be SAA ‘felis. STP PENSE EEE, A eT PAR it A A a SEE TES SHE EDT SE Ll. RRPMRTA SEF Hermeneutics, SER IRE FE APRA) BRT AI SCR SDBUE RET CAPE, UCT: 18 19 bee SMEAR CSE, EBA SHRM EA RAZ HNC. SACP AONB TEA » PN. TESS CHAS J578-F S BPE LD (After Babel; Aspects of Language and Translation,emeneea = 5EREC 1975) He PUR DPE I A OR CTR IO TALE EE STH TERRE UET FPS MBSA SEAEAD T 22 fF BI BST (understanding as translation) AVAL. AIA Fa ME EAA ERAT CRN AR TAY (ALTE BS EI GH BL Se APT SH EAL SRA PS TAPE SUT TH A RE ARTE RT ALPE 1 OR PEAS RE, A CBR PTE ( in tralingual translation) Aim RPE PLE WY NATH. MEET fo eH — ARRETE (interpretation) , (UF RRBUS Ea —BUaaR CE UETITE, BEA eA ERT SS AYER FEAL Dy RA Sea APR, ARTO AT BE BSH. ARATE Se TNR ANTAL Bes YS a EXT BE FT a 3 QS 9s SL Fs MPAA — PA ME ES EE ETE] BS HHA RB MR LD A NTE BL Sw PE ELM, MERE AT AR, EE ABE FT a ee AT RA 5. TE A ZA Fel 1-23 2 3 BR AR PR LAE ACL. BPO, FA A BRERR, BSCR ELAR EAHE, CRITI YE PETC I HH 22 Fike Baia) tT biG ET EE EO. HT FE A Bal eS NTE es AIG 9 A TG (monadist) . BABE UW , T iE A HEAR RAY, CHR ER RA, MES BORUA TAS RE DB Pa ES A OT SS Dy UE A FR EA BS TN AERE). APE RUAD, SSM EE BS PEPER LET SME ATRL Se i A ME LA, LE HY ER) RECKN BE ATR RE KOBE ARIA, BE RE FRATREL. DRO REE A Be L,Y SS fal Pee TT FEALA HT PEE RP EB ANAT PCD OY, a EE IE A, ASV BP PENS EB SEAR Os BE CES ARENA. TTR IE WTA LEAL A BAS Bic BA AB 2 BA RCO TD PEAS I OS Bo PEP eR SR EC, MUO PP a ROX, SRR PERE AT Bits HLA SPER RAT} ER SAE RATE (orust) {PE ALTAR AE Me PE A AE FB) Ai REO TE aT 9394 SESE A BP RAK (aggression) AAS TR. We BE FE EIT) TEA FREE Hy SA MG PET 9 — BR RRMA. “comprehension” AMRF, ALAAS, AAA SR WEL. AA HRA SE KE. PS Rt PER BM PRA AE COE CAN SVE REE RT PE" BEES AES ETH PTE I 58 = 26 AEN ( incorporation ) . kus BE BE 0) —M i SE A 1k, i BS WCZE> AAR TU AE He, BI A A I, ANE A RE (RULE) ( Eugene Onegin). SRE TF RAATEMRIN, DCH AS FERN EAS B MARA. AMES NF ERO SB ABT RA” EC BS” ACERS U2 124Me (compensation), AERALAE SEA. AERP SE PEAEAE LEE MEA, PR AE CEE BT He OS A RA. ARBRE SRO TE oh, — FE A A MAP ES ANKE. AMET) REBEL Mae A 19 BA AO BE SUBAPEIIS Sos SEMEL. PEDCA RU, BPE DR MB “at fe" WRAL ZT. BUG RUA SOPRA AG HAMAT OPRAH. HERE BOF AD BRAK RAE PERERA OEP BOE IE a BR ROR TEAR ET AR, SCRE AS FB GE) HE OS RAE ARE, Be HF — BE AR A, FE Pe BE PCPS] AN BREA EAT RRR BABS. FU, ARB RAG LASAOHREARI, GEBACRAS 1B ii be WES A ASE AB BSE RE TB SE EE FO AAR RR ARLE TE HoH AF ATER ( variation ) , Ja AAG ET PER EOLA), UE. AT LAE Ok, TB RS eR LIB A TR. 2. FS FREM $5 SERED T RAS LAR RATE SEE RS FRE LPR FE EAS BLA, IG T BU ATTNS BSR SEC RARE SP OME A. HORE SEATS SS RR, Af ETDS AARP TRE, HEE T HE A EHS PARE IRF. HUA A SAS ERA RAE FUSS MRERAMA ORT S A. FS RARE ASAD HOHE, HA EA SE OE Se aE RTS fk ABU AE S RETR 5 STAYS) PE TE A RS APRRAHORN ARS TAS A Me TE PAUESS 5 SOG, P28 + EGE Ae ee TRE A RT a SHS ORES ST) ART RSS RR IS RE ORE FAUT RT RATS Wa: { 1, RES 2. DTH 3. FS I, BEFRCGESL) 1. BCS) a 1. 5B XM) EBS PT BAR BB SEG Te Pa HE A Ee ALE SET PB SAU AYSLIN BE (Hawkes, 2003 107 - 108) . BRITE BAL RATE SER. TE TE Sh OE: ST SAB LES? (medium ) 8 Yb (object ) AUSF RF (interpret) FEB RM. ABP RBUIRAE(E. Walter) Fh = fa Rm = RE: I RRS A ES 8 BE RZ OB FAS: 5Ee, nema A. LARISA RR: CL) FERCARS ( qualisign) , BDHY LAE 9-522 1 HW Ea (2) MARES (sinsigm ) , BURT 11 1 9755 S210 FB AR PSE BSF HE ER BE; (3) KU EE Clegisign ) , KITT LATE SEAS RT B. RRWES—-KA: (4) BAEES Cicom) , BIGALSE RR Be TT HR AE TRAY (5) RAN HES Cinder) -— 4-55 3 AY HUT ER (6) REAPS ( symbol), ASS RZ A AUAA RA , UF E E PIE BIR ARSENE MY A By REAR C. MEWS A KA: (7) RTCA S (rheme of seme) , AI— FRET ie PERN FT ARTE WNT, SSB AR SER RES” BR" rR” BELL; (8) mPAIFT-S (dicisign ak decent sign) , AAA SA RS UL, A A PREETI EE S AT ERR h * a” aR (9) TERE S ( argument ) , — APR PRE MU ANTES, BSE Ag HEI” BR “7B 7" BEI. (Hawkes, 2003103 -104; EE ,2005 ,120—121) FEBLAR I BAI, SE Be Be NE BE A RO A A ET BUR AEE SEMA AIT RBA GE PADRE THREE SAP SP H (pragmatic) 18 NK A ( semantic ) MAK KH (syntactic) =P. HIE DEIAG Ss RE IC 5 HE RPT EAE S Ae A NT eH sO TEU TES BZ ERR FRSA A A ES SAD MP PPEL TARY JAR LS ABR SOE I AA x. FEA ERI BAPE SSPE GEA TR ER) RPE SE Bh. ABE 20 fh2e 80 EAR ARE SPREE I SE IE SEES ARERR, UAT SEE EX RAE AR TE SHELA DY BTR BO RE NL PRAT ALS PGE (Nida: 1984) . 1984 AE BE [313849] ( William Frawley) $2 MAUL THS ALENT HR, SAFE ERG AUER 8 OCH BO Bh TS 2S Fe OT AE A = FG ( Gorlee , 1994; 1G = 23) 0197S AEE BEF AT I WEE BF EU BA BT PEC ARAB AB I IRE 2S BEAT 1990ES HR MRP Juri M, Lotman) $8114 -2k( semiosphere } iad, HAR (EE 9 FEE ALE Peele Uy REE TST A EPP ET BAUR LENA THEN RERA, KSSTRRMETEMS. 1994 46, Ti - RACHE(Dinda L. Gorlec) MART SERIE SA ODT APR (SAARC AE SF 5 BBEEIRLEL) ( Semiotics and she Problem of Translation: With Special Reference so the Semiotics of Charles S. Peirce) R/RHUN F330 UDCA AN FRR: SA ~ RAPRRIGE 5 MAP EL ER ( Translation is semiosis) , 7RiB RLY BIC AVAEE SUPE. AR A, EARLE SRE DOE BES RES TR ARTS RE FES (ARE BE ) JL PE TE RS PE AES APS FeO AR Af TEAC BR BFE AS ARS ( FE $B FE 2005 2125). APS DUETS AE, BORAGE AR Hy SAR SY sR OR BE, BS STARTER Se RAL A — REE RRS RS. HS A PERRET PRMA IESE EOE ST REA He. EMU, PR RE StH EAs 5 BER ED CAS 0 LL DS A A EH, TEA FES IRE SCA ESE SE EERE er FE RAE AS TD ES 1 TR A HAR A TH A XG SE ( referential e- quivalence) HEX} ( qualitative equivalence) Igy S83 ( significational equiv- alence). SOAR SETA Dg, MAE BES SCAR HI FE AEH PP SF I] Cdentity across codes) (Gorlee,1994:170) ,{A3% IAA — Ht — ARTA I — EAS HDR BGA SA STRAPS ZS, BN OS AA AU ESTE ORE BERD RA SAR ORS (ibid 174-175). RRR TSE IR EE SBE OT RS SE SE LS ES RH SE. AT RAB EAB EBOUR, TBE, WES TR RUSS, 2a UREA 3 EME (id: 177). BE MARR SH RA ST ABR EOE, BO RKRRMAES SEN EM, ATES Petes SAO, BAS Be SVR BEATS bid 181). REPRE EE BETTE. PRR LAM ERSS BARK, ARSC RES BEALE SSO AAT As ESI AS TAT BO RAG SEs PEA EE BE, BE, REM AMR PRE RS NE DRE RAAT PA, ESE SAR, MAO 798 RS, FEE RP ESE TR EA REX ART aX ( ibid: 181 — 182) , SES ARIE EAR OLS, ROPES SA LR“ UE" LE, Ti PRT IE $B A PURER BUA, BDA 28 2k 47 DX ( modes of action of the human soul) (ibid: 183) , HOLD FER I 5 A D5 PE SES NEA RHR EA RIN, BA AR BL HL a ESE” ( abduc- tion). AAMAWHR, ASA ERA, MTS AO EAC Re FAR — RO EL, CARES TO — a LA, BU RELT APTS HES OR ARM, SRSA. Bea FRAT AE StS OLE, SEAR BS MOE SAAS LSA PS ES TAREE FO ROEERE ALA BE abi: 194). PANY PRL BOE eI Ht ARSE, EAS. NM PE AEA: i, ETH -A SRAM SOO MR. BI SETA, ‘BARE HARAEMZ S, 3. BOE VERE JAE SEDI FA Sc TEL, 20 THE 60 AEA, th PM SEH SE SLA BE BTS HAT POR S| BT IEE IIH GE MLE LMA, 1967 FE, BAA MT CER SRR) CORES), COPTER) Ga AMIE LEM ERO, MERA T BAUER A BY) RABAT OEM LATER RE, WARREN SRI BOM ISMERME, PURGE IT Alo MELB eT EAA WEARER ERATE ST SMa ABS SBS TRE A EO TE A OB aR WAS FE RES RENO HK RAD TH AY FEREAHMRRS +. AER AD RARER AS), TATA PRR APE) AEE ALAA SAT, AP EEE EA RBMAD, BER— AR MARTA , SOR TE SO EAESCOP APPLE , BATT AG TE ih FE BIE AB WF oS LE JSC TO AR HARES SE OSCAR Te SERA. FRET OTE FEM BR BAIR, IE ee A, A A”,nme SS SHES FUSER OUBEIE TCE: PASS A PS TCH A 5 FOIE TAR AR OS rH RE, ES AE SEA FS — Gi TaD Se YR FP — TE 5 PEE TT cM TE A ait, RATE EA TT a HARE HT 2% ETH A, PBL ERE ETT AAD T DTA BLA, FTE TERY MPR, TEC CE Fed) 5" EPR SH AE A CAE BCA, AE BA SE FL ROAR DAT Bis FHI 8 SE OR ENT RSE EE An RE, DATE 2 IPS HP Bh TS ak, TRB AM PEAR. BG, BEI FESR" OBA TT FE OL, ENTE) ZAHEER TR AT APE, Be 1 —PrGiee 4 4E5H (an absent presence) , AMAT Sit, Se) 5 DB MAR FAR AEE, BNE BE 3 FH A“ EI” (to defer} FE-D1E Wy SNORE PORE. GB PAS CAE PAT HE HE 2 RR FAURE, SRSA HE tT “PER” CRE. ARSE TR ORES EEE BR ATBET TRAE SALE" BOE” BE A BE AE — FRI FORE IE REE SHN2ETt HERBS SMUT Y PB BIA IN” HESP” (différance), RABE H HY“ 5E BRL TR CRT HA difffere) 9 AE. BBE A BEE He Sh RATT TPR TE PA TOR 28 SE BAS FEAR bP GAB TE CEES, DAE ERAT RTE, ARTEL, MEE TO PAT FARA SCA GE, MRSC TS AS, AA, BEC TSUBA EE, PHELOTE OA EME PMA, 156. SIN A AEB AER NLS BE RAR SAE, SOAS A a SEB BERLE ORTHO RE UAE EH). CPR UOC AS FEE A SE ARE NE HE “RBC” MOET ESC CARTE ) BBE AIR A GEE DB ih BEARER PRED. PERT ME ARR EX ARR BS SLE BOE RE SES AER POD, fe PR ESC PEA PER IN — TOE EE REE AURAL RX ME — RU WR ERALN, MERLE OIA RR, ARR . TERE ELA PERI OCR IRE ECR Hl. ETS SE SCAR, ERR UOC ARAL Dg Sp PE A A HT2 BEAT SEF ER Eh, TPS 99 DSC AS iat A PE, I SE TY Sy AF RIB SE PEE A AE. MB SRE (TUR RAI ERT 8 SPE ES RT ELMS FWA PEAT SHEE AUR AK 2 MBG EW TE BSE AE (0K _R ( symbiosis) , FUEL, WAGE TAH PE RET FFE AE TE KEIR KR ANSE 2S PO BR LI SCE EE Jer ER TR HT FC AA AE A, SE BY RUC afterlife) , wee rity EBC continued life). MURIAUA, ty Tae, ASIP EX 1B] FARA PAL Ba Dy KH Be, HRP wR EEA He ( transformation). AR Jes TWP SE Tf FE TOT Be ECA ERE A Bh RR HOH EP SPREE Se EAT EP EP CEP OO, EE EE SOR YE PER th A BT AR IK ME, ERE OY EEE. Sey LEM EB) BE ATHETE ARES EM PET ASHE AUNT, 52 SI BE EPR DE EUR MEE REAR, HK, GE EK Fs SRE HE RZ SCBA Ae FA Ce AEE BR PBA IG, ES a BE SERRA BLO BLD BEARER 20 EEE 70 SEARLE , DO Ay BB EOE SE EAT TT Ohl SALEEM FEEL TE A FORE LS EISELE, AA FT ETT EPR IK Pe RR IP JSRSE" SHE” 2G FS HE 9 00 2 AE Bi fp ( Basenett and Lefevere, 1990; 6). FUG MAAR FE SE 7 ER SCH G IHy (culrural wen). RAAF LK APE FETE AL — AP CAE BURR, OL ALTE AL OL, GE SPESEOLS ALAR HEP RRMB HABE TES ZAMKARR ASU R BROCK BCA Ps. BPR CACTI FLARE MOG SARA AA ENEMA. KEE GER FSCS EBL A FE GE 2 HERA RHE EB 1, QHENSREM AEBS RIEE MBIT SANG OT, NE NE PBA EHP BeIE SH SR FFEMERA MALAA MAE SIRS, SHEE 4: BE BT aR RATE A, MFT Ey BFE MR A 5 a A, ee ag At Se AE, SHEA A WA Mn FE A (Flotow, 1997:5) . ESI SH 6.69 KH ( gender, not sex) FAS 4F7E BR AY ARSE, FEA Wy AY4T Wy HEA ( artificial behavior stereo- Types) 57 82 CAG ER ELE HL Se AREER A SCHEER 48 FE ACAD: (1) See SE RS F SHEERS LARS BBL Be EE DE PMI 5 (2) EA FE 1 TELA BREA ay RE EE RFE ZS (3) SCPE SRP EDT IE ABR Fe SE SF RAM, EG Ht AL AS Bi ep Pe a SEE (Simon, 1996 8-9). HEE X APRA EOE AAT RT RT, POAC FEAT TET ERR T Se LA BS LEE CEI TEER PES I TENT KA WOK EVE (FESO) A IRAE TE MET Be PREECE FPS A ESR ME Seo [ BR EE a UE PE BRAT ALS” CL DP” I” BR A” PEAT ta BE" HEY EYE, LOPES” ( Chamberlain, 1998 93-94), JUS, SH Mi FEA SARA FD SBE TARA AE POCA RAR eh a, A BE ALBA FER. MBC RIES IA (After Babel 1975) 3} HERE SEPERATE OC MAAN. Behe HB oh BEAL ER A AEE ER ( penetrate and capture) , FEREAtEAK TE” (rapture) ( PRPS HE FKP ME, 2000 234), Af TR BER FATA RTD RTL AF BERS LT Es IE PB TERY SN EBL REAL PA TE EAS EE AL a A EH TE BCE. ARECK. Littau) ARSE RS ES HE LA FO RA FMEA REALS BEEN ASR. EE EIS RE BATA YY AE TPA. BEAR EC a He IF, Ra BRS PE EEO AC” ( proliferation of difference) “ABS” AI BE BATE” seh — FP BR AY, TT EL Be AS TB Sa” BD 47-4 (Flotow , 1997.47) , BANK BERRA TR BA BEA {6bH (cultural involvement and mediation) , BUA FMM EE AAAS IC ERAN SH. ORL RR TR, A 1012, SEP SEL OMEL AE UE 2 EL, TERT, BRO BCS” a SRS TE FES TD ew a LR BER” ( make or break a writer) ( Bassnett and Lefevere 1992.10). SB, BOXES ER (symbiosis). KEE XM BEML H, BE BERRA SCtist AC, PR BA Mah, eo, IBA, RSLS BEE DEA EA EAHA a). SCAR, WT FETE EAB, FOE OEE SD BEA, JER A (a it) AR ZR ERAS OY, RR" — EAR” (continnum) Z 4489 — 70, RRO MARES OK TE FER TE AE a, BRE VE RTE AEA FE he HEE ER EMRE ERK ALLER ABO. PR EA ES HR a TA WORSE PETES ATL B PRE DEE — BT ARTE BI OAK, FEE SCHR SER IORE RH. MEAT RHE. i 32 ERAS AE ERA TE RAE AERA SEAR R SR AE RAR CAR TT AL, FUME LARS RHE OR EET AA, A RE PLR HATER, RTE He aE wi ai HY He BE AR AE, ABE TERA MASH, BALLADE MAIR, EDL, It RAY FETE. SS, See CAPES BB AE SF ROPE SE AY AE UA JE IC SOP ORHE ALR —-PE BE HH UE AT DE ASAE OOTY A CR FFTE" OIL XN” (absolute meaning) , tuBe Ai “SILI” (uncontested ) #9 li Plfedh. HPRR ATH Z MEL A AEF ERED GK PE AUTH ( pre-knowledge) Ze i RIEU BAT" EHTEL KK OK SAR BE HEP EFH ES PAT, MATH Hel ES He AA EY), ER BE REARS A” PAL BA ( Flotow, 1997; 11) , HABE RRA TRB ARPES AL AR ibid; 75-77), BRE, AA BLS S725 ARIA PX OP AN AK EY BRS PE eH A ARSE EIR EAR A RO SE SOR — BEF BET St EE TE WA RAFESEAN EE EMT OGRE” » EOC, AAR TIT A, RR A HE EER LAY, EPA FET ORR GF ( parotly) . FYE WG HE Seunemmnee BHE RE TEROSCAR HEH Se PT A A FE Re EA YS A AM Se HERS SICA TS SHES ( Flotow 19979). SHE ACL IT AR FED" ESCORT” AEA TT 0 a "EE CA” (0 WYA.1993 149), YRS AE AG MY “RR ERE BT DSP 5 St SC PLE TA A ee BY BUTTE.” (Lefevere, 1992 :7) J] —~ BAER PAZERA, KILLS. LEST LL — PE AR ET LP, FER, 2eSF AWD REDE ( seriality ) J MAVENS HERE, JA PE BEE he 4E" ( Flotow ,1997 ;47) , SEE ERS SIF. BSG, ATA WEE Feat Heath eR eM EE KEM” (Flotow ,1997;77). HK, HEE PASE Aa Ha" 18 SY A En” (id 280), ALOR PRAY PURE MPR HN BF SSE MG RA RR". RE EEN FRY RNEE RDA AC" TRE” “SEA” “oh AR RT OE” ER Bie eo) RIE HPAES TRE ER EX EES RFR S AE SCG RT EE, RAAT A SEAN TERE FEMA Ha FE SC ABE BP ACHE SE TELA BRS wis Tr SESE PBR AT RG Ag ERE ( ibid 95 — 97) , CAS ENF BEATER A AS BAPE BAS a, FE SE 2. BARE FATE RACHEL 20 theo 80 SEAN, UA SUGANO IHF BABS WP ABY He RE BORE CE CRS, RARE HE AMAR XE HRAEMER, IG - BE RAR Edward W. Said) 53 BSH Ee AP RAR KAM MAE RP RAR. MT love A di he A CR TE MD ( Orientalism, ) 48 3535 BPE PAAR HR AG Di SEA HPT DD BS AO EE BSCR ILIE EI CIN CL Ph EES AE Ps HA BA Hy FOE TRI FEE FEDAT (IA ER SCE AHR BC BAR 0 IUILHSAY « HARES (Gayatri C. Spivak) J23¢ ON BPRS EE EAR. TEMPEH A ROLE AEB EM MB) (In Other Worlds; Essays in Cultural Politics) +P Wu TALE NTE MAS EM ERR RA TPE CBR a BA STA.” FA" SCA” A, SR Se A 103EF Semen SOME, BLT MS RSE Ae SRR, FETE ARETE AS RR A a, RB SRNNR . KAR POUR HP ae TS RH SAHA i) EAR EEE IE TED BLESS ME A CAR AAP ‘le, SE SAH a PH OR, AL RA SE PRR RUBLE APR EL AL Ee rT Sw A RT SUOME TBE A ke AS Te * EN I ” (Monday ,2001 :134). HAAR RE VW, Te 6S = ANS BRE ERR TF FR SE Re AE SR A I, Ud Sc IC Sth” (Spivak, 2000 406) @% + GE (Homi K, Bhabha) 7EE KARA, EERE APM, aU TE EAE ERS TEC LINED) ( The Location of Culture) ANC RAK SALSED EE AL YT — RB RAS, OT RA THUG A SOLER SU OA. UA SOOT PUA I PARE aR TET A LT JF RLS AG te RIE TT Ta I. SOT SCHARF PA RBS PON PERE oh ES te St th RHE SHURE Y GANA BIAS EAS TS] ATE ORR, 1992 4 3 TEC AE PEAR WE EEE, IAS) ( Rethinking Trans- lation, Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology iE XSEATHITS FARA FEE A OE PHA AIT ABBR, BLY 2% ~ 3% , FAB THRICE LE at FAVE RAE. “ROM EPG, BR TE BRI SR SS LE TF SCR) BES BGA BUSES, TE A BE EE 8 AE SONG ACT HLH FE PE SY LT SF A 2.5” ( Venti 1992-6) HL 9 TH BOE He RRR T PRE OMEN Aa IAP SE ASOT KH ( tid 5) , BATE IRAN" ARTS” (resistant translation } ak“ 3 FUNK ANSE” ( abusive fideli- ty) EA“ REESE AR AOE ea ALK ALP” (ibid 13). PAE 2 PEM ( Tejaswini Niranjana) itt 7 ¢ Hy BR Be 180 JG SE JET EA GBH) ( Siting Transla- tion: History, Post-structuralism, and the Colonial Context) —43 , itis ii FAHEY TERIA OS + BAYES BAL OF 18 TAKE ATE AC AE OT SE BE A SCAG ie B18 SEE PAUSE SH ALR FE HU HUET RRS, ARMA AIR RRSRE ELS, TAPE ARIAT He RT AT «REE AT BL FER APE. L997 4 HERG + SERRE HRT CSAP) ( Translation and Empire : Postcolonial Theories Explained) —45 , $é Hi Shi — FL AUB Te [1 GE «TS AE SIAR HI ER, Pea BB wd ft, BR Ae BR FEF RABE RT RE Td RB : CR SR 5 (2) SRE SPDR St (3) ALR MAIR, 1990 46, KGANE - GRAAL MAR TCG PREG RARE: FB 9 Op 25 Ae BEPE) ( Translation in a Post-colonial Context: Early Irish Literature in English) J) SAE E48 Wor Pe BAPE ATE 3h WCE LR WORSE FOIE ra RAPE I TABS a CCBA RE SR ADS Tr Thi, EME HOIR T RRO RR, URE RB 60 LE A SB ET AT HE 2 HP RE EES AG LIEGE BEE UE SR SAL PS SEER. HE TAK PERE R BRR. (ER BEL 10 HE BREA SE, RR SO SEAT BR ES APPR FAA A LM PERI, — Tr ERB BBS Ae tH AS, FETE OB I CL, RS hs A RA 8 SL ER ABGHAA. 1998 SF ERAGE TC HEPES DRO (Translation and Minority) — +4 48 Fil GHA ( Gilles Deleuze) FURIE (Felix Guanari) HIF a KAI, TALE Fi ARH ( translation in minority) , WA Bie a AYR A ER F (col lective assemblage) C36 84% 2¢1K ( political immediacy ) 47 5#48 F.4L ( detercitori- alization) AVPEDI . >SAGA Py HEE ai Fr Zeid AlN ASA AS PRE a RET MRE BOG R ss AN AE SCZ NALS SRA aS eh ER SCP ALAN BLS BEAT OCR CR ALTE TS ( Venuti, 1998; 139), + 1999 4E DARE + Sia SAF AE ( Harish Trivedi) 29q Ta RPE FLG-45 BR) ( Post-colonial Transiation, Theory and Practice) — 43, West { Be lS AS COE MNRAS RIL SR RAE , BTS BREA ERENT A, ART RA BGR SRT KASAM GRP PEGA PONE WEAR EAL ma 105AC, Seamenom ES ECS ER TE PE ES TPE BDI PER EAR aR ATK BN CAL ARE TL, I ERT TR 5 PRET AR OAPE 0, SB DE BE ACB 2 APE AE BE EAL ANT CH, HOHE ARDX (contact zone) , MEM WB GH: EAS aE A BS I) , TE TUBES BS Ei OFA TE SA TE AR a TE CAA DCH IK ARIEN PN FEAE, 2000 4 S. PERE MAT COE AR APE AEE BR BP AR BS FR) ( Changing the Terms; Translation in the Postcolonial Fra) 81 ROT Wik FEW EAR OEE GE AT PER. FEEL SE SC) TE AB TB AR BLA POE SD HA WHERE RRA A EN SC EY, Oe a ae NOG LIL OR tt PRS aS RRS EMR ROSA EE Sb ba, BRR TA AR UAE (FR ) BER ALI FB HB 8 Ay RY 3 A, BE GR BREE SG REA YS RA BIT 3. BAEXSFM BALM MPEILE BPR IT La 20 lite 60 4 (RL allsr HBTS 90 AF {RMSE OMAP AVM SSTE 1999 FELT AS RRS Ab 2 J FSR) —PE AAT LET AAR. AE SUV YL Dy Ja BS a BE LG 84“ — BTS” ( Bassnett and Trivedi, 1909 515) , ELH PPB ROSE AL SL CEI EA BIH 0 1554 4F BG PR RTL APE EL TK EE i J MEBE ( Sarcina) BEA SPA, AE EAS FAT HH | BE.“ Cannibal” (EAL PE) iE A UIE BOLI “TG” “RPS” OAT Re HORE GEARY EY RES, HR TVA ee BBE A Sa ELA Se BY A HE RRR TAY ARM. AA DAI A A AER $9) A BU TASHA, CERES: 2003 564), EEE HATTER ATT ARE OF I tS Shy SAME ( Bassnett and Trivedi,1999;103), 1928 4, LMU E MAE BRBTCRAEMAA) (“Manifesto Antropofago” ) , A: ik Rs Ee SERV ChE RR HY“ FRO AL EE” (ibid 96), A RA ORER EE SIC HEB te th EO bd 0” Fy aT PA BS TRE HT DL Ret — AR A eae ibid 4-5), “RAT RR AR TRL FOREN HE Pe TA OG HS EB ANP A AB MSH AAMER BX ETDS. 1963 4, SRBATCH. de Campos) 28 T 1 CCIE WOU RAILFAN BEER . RMI AE MAREE. CER HOUT ED hy AA EG PAWNS, ATA ES RRA EEE. BH, RAE LAR PL (SFE IML). MRA I BG RAT SAP, Me LOO A A, Be BORA AU SANE EN, FRA TR, TARR. BR ARIS FA OSPR FRE BAA, UO EL BRL BR (a patci- cidal dis-memory) , ANPAIZE" AX” “0” “URE” T “32” 25, BSE" MIE” IE TEAR" (HVE ,2008 65) , TOK AE SE ER EE OE JY aL AHA. BORE SEM ACHE SHE, EM OLEE SARE RUEROE TEI, HEHE SSCS AG BAPE FE AR APR PPL AD AEE AE, SOT it ( transfu- sion of blood) , 2644 2 ( transparadisation ) , 648 94.8 ( translumination ) , {8 (transcreation) , #6158 92 ( transluciferation) , #644 ¥8(¢ ( transhelenization) 3 PTE MO NR AS FEROS BETH EAB, EMRE CAOMTH MELEE LOKRE SHWRS. RAE LOa “FEAR CAG TERE AOE BUR SCHL Cate A a PPE AL” { Bassnett,1993 154), KBB Wee ea WAL AESL TE FA, ASIC Ee Ae ETS APL LEAR ( transgression ) #7 Jy'P IIE ( visible) BOR SUCH SAC ES. HURT AR ee AE BEF EAA RG, FE TH GEE AE TPL AE BEES SCARE AY AL RST — TARAS. DUBE ( Else Veira) 44th, BASE XR" AT FR TR CS APRA GEC ER * HE SRA BSS, I, Wi SS MLR AE” (Basnett, 1993155), Bcd Mi 4) 8 Mi — 797 1A] “ plagiotropy” DOW A MITE SABA TT ALA AG (EE A) BF A ZEAE AS OK HL BL ERC BU AE RTE i A A SR od Ce CA AY LE aSe ame FESHRSR DY (UG BEE HAGE BPRS PE ACO IES) Sara ARIA ala IE SRM ASA HEF ALR BD 2005 - 138) RAAT “A OOS PE Fi” TAPER TC aE AY fA CLL: 189), A Rk SCRE) (OSCAR Hite, TOR ELSE ER CA, SICA BR RAI BEA HS A RPE AB ABT SEE SOIR HE HE TP PC AS ASA RA ie ATE ACTIN REE SS BH AURA REA AEP HR AH RTE SS PRES ARE KL AR GSE TOMI PS ev) Tae (UR) EEA AOE SPARSE SIE TEAL OA SA EE A HE FE BSAC EATER], ARTA AAPM SCAG SEA Sd TARA, BAER OAFLA ATO EAMETS SE» BEB: 1. FERHOWFERNAH AL? ASMA BM? 2. ted EE RI ETS (TE) RIE RI? 3. HRA AR A Oh HE Ag BI HA? 4. RBRRAKRA POF RR, LEME RMT RR K hel? 5. BAG a Sait a tet RE AT BR? 6. KASH EMERAA HME? HHA? 7, Rod EAE Rie Bi Ob IF 9 RD 8. AH AUHMREA LAMM BERRA? 9. RE EAA MARE LMA FOIE EAT EL 10. RE EG AG RE MAE A A Se? 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Amsterdam and Philadelphic john Benjamins Publishing Company. wi142 RS omen SOR PHMEBStR B-i WRB SMH ASF AES LEA FE, — Ss PA EB PR ok SB RO FE ASTAL BRP AG SAPP TAG 1 FR AA] HF ME AE IE dL, AT BABA Se DMB. AUR BL TE 20 WLR LR AT Nee, ERE He a Be tel RU AL REI SCTE RT HET A ISR AE, FEAR EMME TR AA BUY PER Ee OE SEY 21 Ube, APD EARSS UCLA RAT RELA AY OT LAT, ERE ALR AL HE, SAFEST RETA Be WE AR yA EBL PRATT BR BOAT Bi OR 0 A A, AE PLA AR OBSOLETE SERA TREE GNP FR GRA AC DAE Be AE AS DR eG AS BB PEARS (ERE, TiS ERR S HAG, CE at BEALE MES EROS) BI BEAR ZF. Bae PAPE TEES) CE Red OTS A Le ER” Le REA ABA Ae Be AE SERIE ASE TEBE” eB SE” ORAL EAR CAE GS BCE a BCE HY PAA) 29 ket 20 fhe FAL AER PT SELN BAH ARR EE RTBU IE. HORE I) UR J EE SEN tb SR MBE SE MA As EB a RAHI ATA A TRIG NIE A SS a SS HIRI RA 0 APHIS, RR AUER HFT TARA BEAK BUA IR A Ba A)” CBD ERS SF) ED Ee FS, eA HE HR A PPL SAR SOA LR) 19 EEA LORIE, RECA IT, HBR AP , ALE PUB Se. LCRA mT. 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BA, PRL ATE AL CP FRIESE) 2 SRN RAPIER) AE MERINC ORELS PBL) SCE OSE) EA PEE ESC LAE AS (1973) SAY (1975) Ba AK (1977) BLA) (1979) HEY (1989), TAS SB (1992 ) 5 BAB (1995 ) BSE Hh (1997) TU SEAR C1998 ) SEE ARS, HUTT AY SCE AS SE Hh HE #008 PR OS SR RE A A BEA SE TP a Be AAT Ai Fe (Bruni, 13741444) RTE HEA BTR HR (Jacques Amyot 1513-1598) 2-8 TRE BAe BAR PES RD BS SA Ta DEE RE I RUS ES A BRE EAE AS AB A, WB AH. RP" BE BRR” VAS AE Be AAEM & ASTRLGR SE RR AY HORE, TIDES 79 HH A BE Ey EH SRE BUSTA EN“ TAR” LSB, RRA AY EA OT EM A UB FST ER APA Te es SE, PL a A BEEBE BUTTE SER IS PEALE He BEA TELE” ESS TE“ FR G|” AI AM RSL" ERG EBE, LET ET SIE VA EAE RE OP AEA TK. FEAR ERS aE IT FR RTT LEB” BATT ARO” ELAR” 5 “BS AR” SEIT IS 0 Sara" Be eae” FTL dk St” EE, AP A Ce PEPE EP LC EM REA A A Pe A IP AS AR EI A JEM RRA EAR AA. 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BY DAD, eRe AE ANE A — Ag HEE SNL A AE EE MEME, WERE ORR, RAE ART FDA ENA, PSL IE WEA PCA be Pe EBC ECG a ES ae OH A” CRG, 1904.2) , BUHL “Se we ATE” HOARE, RESEDA AT A A THON” AR HE HE RAE AI AOL ELE JA TE” PRN DR” 5 RI OIA I I BEAD HO SOE" TF EDR EAT HN" BC EE, PRATT RRP, BEER SLE ARLIL” AUDA TE” SPATE HEADL” AV BESE" HP AE EM TB TT OPC ADE, HE REA AR RSC i Dy PA SA ER APE OE PLAT BPE RO LIB SUT, ARREST Ot fh ARE. BERLE A BRAT RET LD PR CDG A De a SEIT Tw PLM aL Bey AA A WB SE A HR AAEM. TE, We120 See? Bot PHREB OMS he Tk PA Ae RA PACH) Ho Ee A ED , PAB aL aks DH AB PE ES #, PA AAAEHE S. RNRRRM ERIM ARP WEG SAS SS PRS RR AR, TER PYAAR. BLE AeA BE A SA OA A LMA EASA. RMA AUA LTE TEL? BR TA Ib PEARS Ue] AR RAE? CAA 2}? Bn EN AS SR TT RY AE PITS AEE EE ARE 8? RUE BRAS REA AR ES, RESCH ae BE —- Fe ES OR RB. BUR TE RR AT] PE I, GHAR te Ds FEE A TH SAAR NK BUR SBR OES AT BE AO TN WAR RABA, A A MRR AE PES, we UR aE BERN, RAPS AR PT TE + A BI AR, SH RT SSD TEI a EE OS RP ES TEACUP BS GRAPE SG ALAR HA EL, PS AR AE BR A, RAMEE RK, RINGS T AER, A RS SAE. SAMA BEH HH SERRA, PE BAT, FAS SSL eH AE TPA HR SUD EFT A EL A AER MEE. ABH SG, Ha ET LI be SPR AI, SH BH, PATA ABE PE EA JL PR P96 EL HR EAT] LP BE I A, DL BES BE BPARRFL LEE AMANO. A eT, DR “Fe ERO APE FAS CEE eh A” (BH, 19841). REE ARLE TER. HERBIE OB — PE, BUD BLEU LA" AAR” , “RL —AR” 2 SE” ba SA RUA” WARALCEE. 4S Rh PERS Ble th RatRom SOU HARTI Ty HORE RANA REE aE TR EE MS i ERE EL CBRE A RS RA FU, RIA 9 BS PPE ES A BL ee RAT a 2 PORE IES MEE RE SRE RE REA. AER FR BATTAL LASS HEE , TAS Oy I Oe ARR OF AERTS PEAY DEIN OF 2 AP RE REE et He TE AR SHATNER. Gi Ty aE eA RIED AM PT SRA RIE BPE” 5 “REAR” 85 DKF}, BP AE IML EA BE RG eI AREA RIT BC BE DUR” 5 FEAR AE” “ANNO” EO BEPE EIR FE PAA BBR TSS PE A” AR a EE A” UAE TPP SLR OS A A TE” 9 PBI TSE MSL PEA , MA oO A HRCA LZ , AL PT SLB SPE EE AEE EAP EE PEA RD PEE TPP BAM AA) A POLE AR (DI BL SAE RA Dd TRACT BALA ED BTA HELE At PASC HO RB PESERETT REY BOTS , AY LARS EE PES Dy FT ED ST ROMUGA. BATRA BE TERA AEE LTP EE YY BR BART SEE IT AST BR ES HA HT Pte Ay YA ESP ARE SE BEES BESTS RA RATE LF SHES TS TT A A oe HA LR REACT OR HS EB IAS LUX BEE + TD ADR BAK) (VRE, 1984.34) SRW TRE, WHALER] PEO AE PEA Sh TT 3 BR BS 70 TAI 250 AE A ES Ne Je PLB TCR PERS BT Se SB ECR TERE > ( Morgan , 1959271) PES LAE BAR, AL, RCS BE RO BA A, PRT RAP FR El EE GET LAR BAG + UE) BR CA RD ALCL ID AB: — PO A BY, ESR RN HB Ps De OS ER, CALC - ED RR BLL, TAM PRCT Ce CK PTR, At SP , SRR RM AOE 8 et POA POR, PO a UR Fa I, RUBE LT." (BBR 1984.4) 121122 Sth, Bi ER LABRET ea PR ee, — EL a CLA 76148 ERMA RATE Mo WOAED A ASTER 8 We et ee a TOT RN SED AR TO LRA. A Fa GSB EF NUS Be CF BBP STS, AS HAT BEEN EEA ROR PEPER ARAL RE PR, MOLD aE AULT RELI MER GB ee, MER BHR TREK BATHE FR ERO LE SREB EA TEA “FOE XE SB SL” EAE AS MF (BY 270-2007) 5 BE 24 Hi (ay 2397 — 169) ABS SCA RAE aS A A 2542 —184) REFER AT 1907 — 159) FEE? (ff 100—43 ) RES CAE 847 547). MIC, EA DRE PEE CT SABA PE AN EC TK EE), APE F224 OB Hy Be RE SCH, THES TN IR EE BEBLAE) (De oratore) LAMA DLA MEARE LEM) DAME FE TERY 55 46 LR 4546 FATEH LL. FR TE ( BPE) SCR oR ARTE OT iy APS AT Re AE, OR, ER BOTH TH ERAT AA, EME EA MSE BS IT SER TB AE WIR STR HERE — PERE THE” a” PRT, ER BEA APB CE EP PI SAG Ee PEM AR SRM. TESLA RAPE RE RAST, Te A ARO J TER I, PE AIT SH (Kelly 1979-1) BEAT BPE AT 1 F5 B OC ACHES 5 LEY A Ba IG AX MET Hn RBA J HE TR eB EAE RO ES BWR, VA ESR SITUS AH PEs BA A AR PP EE Nr APY Se FRIST ABER, FES SAAR 20 HS EP SPE He ALE FT I LES TRAE I A OP EAE LES BE PE EMAC ,— EIT 19 thet 20 tte, PSI Be AEERAERL A APRA. lan, Ze 19 hee A 20 theca AT Pe CUE eS JCAL A SERIE ESE, ATA Bok. Fl TF 19 Uke ae Al 20 |e, Bae Ae ARS EY RE MEO Ah aE PRE AMS A MIRA MES AWARE MT ABI 37 BF OCF CES POOR, FOP tt EA, AAAAMR SATU LEC APES PEE BOE KZ Pea, TTF aE ES yA RPE EE BNRADERL Fy SC ARS RR EI TRE BO HORRPEDRYE IA, Dist Ted BALM 1a BLD ASR AGE RED HH, 8 PER EAR OTA PRS PO Ak ( ARE, 1894 11) ALPE RE PA Hy SCR “(AE ) PSUS RPG BRS, EP, MON SS KP 2 RB” ORAL, 1897.10) FHL, BER Fy BR BAR AURIS AG TAF SATS BAB 20 AULA LAT. PAU BE Ae ACE RPRAIR MD) 15 RE 20 FEAR ITA TPH OF BTR, 1984.15) 5 AL IED FAY” BAPE IQUE” 2, LP 80 AEN ER REESE IR TA RE 1933 -270—272) « SWORE, GE PEG Se , OP eee AAT A Ri ALATARA RMA. 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BAN SOBAEIA FAL SERA OA RICH.” CRE, 224.22) ARE AY SRRAORE AA. MR MBA, ZTE AGAR DRA AT cate A AACS, BLA BES ee PR HE AY RR SEE” . POSED ST MRL” BABE, Shoe bE SURE” TE RAR” ANE Jeg LE” BU”. YE ERT" ACER” SoA Lb te AT LE PEE a PR” TA SC”, AAR UES SOE iY” TE” Fae SHER SRE" KS), EIT A FERAL 2 ALM, ME OG IE Ze, TP TN Ae A ET JERE RSS) EPEAT BE a T_T“ LAE” (verbum pro verbo/ word for word { translation | ; Bil: “26 ia] ETE” ) Fu“ LAL HEIL” (sense for senseNeen IU POUR {translation ] ; BU" SPR”) SAAN Uist TED CE AD R.A KERMAN, BARS A DT ARE De RTS, 6G ANE, PR I Bere WL EE RTE AT AS HA A A 17 Hike Se ASS BEBE hi “FOL P/E PE” ( imitation’ paraphrase ) #1 * 2 F HAE” (meta- phrase) 19 HES $s ES SRS A EAS 4 SAT es BP ie Zh BPE” (informative translation/adaptation ; parodistisch ) #1] “ 2 47 Xt H& SCY FE? (interlinear transla- tion) 20 E22 is de HH 9 “ ah AS/ SE ATE ( dynamic/ functional equivalence ) #1 “FEHOM NE” (formal correspondence) 4H TE Hi H8 ft)" ZeER RUPE” (communicative translation ) #1” 3 X #2E%” (semantic translation ) 25, TETRA, PR PID ETE AE RS “PR” PO AE, ALAA SEA B09 iH , TEL Ph 8 J BS" TE” LTE” BE TURP AS. FPL ALBERTA FR Se BR PP OY br De at BT RACAL. LM, TRE PO RA” SRB” RAE DALEY" TORRARBR” , ADR OSE AS RT SOE” SEE HG AL PEG HOT a7 Ee GE A SP a A RE DFU A AB AE ERM PRAT, DIRE LBS" ARLE BURA TER. WAP AA Aaa” FN" (RL) AES” a LE” WSCA a TB” FE ITT BARR AB” RRM EG” At a “BA” BR , SEAN" OTE AN" RATT (G” DTH RB" ATE” BE P/E BP” A RAY ee SY a Re ee AEA WS ABT Pa Dy RG He See ASE HE A Hb AFG RLM, OM, He BREAN MBN WS Ea ae SOR FF" CEA) AIDA RAL HE”, AWE) EPA KK” (Jerome ,395 :25) . ERE AO" ELE" BAPE A At (EE) AY RAN AE SY A RBS EER A” IK DOREY A C22) AAR ERAN EL". 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, WR RRC Ht) 1984, CHATS) 1—19., Eye 1984 CP RTD db ee Sh eS HT 4+ 1998, TYR. 1894 , COL BPRS BEA) oF aU ET fe PF Whe RASH OD a HL Co), 19984, CBIPATH IE KH (1894-1948) 1-5, AB FB 1984, Ce SE SCE AS a AI TE | SB A) L9G, SY 301317, EE 1990, CEG Sd) its We Ra 1978, A REAR Y ACR s A BRUTE ORG 1982 G6 GS AE) IL TAC He) 1984, CRIB SE) 042-949, ERAS 2004 , CBA LA SE COB TT BG) > ALI SEEN HOE ELH 2006, 1999, C Hie A RTD TL LEE ZS al. 1998, CHOLERA) , LAE SNC) 1998, CHET HE REOT SED, OTD TEA BR AB HE, 24—82, “fF BBE SE DA 8” CME BL SED , 1998, aR SL LALA rh BEAL 567— STB. 198, ANUS H IRRD elf IRL SRR MEE AL RF SEE 1990, (SHARPE) THE LPR RAL XBL, 1908 CP DE RAPER ICH CRED WLC SMRGAD OB 2 3 A2—-SE o BRST 1998, ¢ BEI REMADE ARR IA SeH 1994, € BRE EDT . lk ABR a He DBA 1998, ¢ 5 FY REDE D SR BA RL R224, CR TTRAE) HL BB HE) 1904, CHBIBE SED 22, SP Ew EPL PERE eC EAB SRD AR AL (8 ) 198A, < BE TEETH CE (1894 —1908 ) > AL Fi Ph STE HL UE. PURUE 1982, CELE) , LC MSMAY 35 6H 1—6RRR SUES TRE TSLR Amos, Flora Ross. 1920. Early Theories of Translation. New Yark: Columbia University Press. Reprinted. New York: Octagon Books. 1973. Aristcas, Letter of. 0, 130 B.C. English Translation (by Moses Hadas) printed in Robinson, 1997, 4-7. Amold, Matthew. 1861. On Translating Homer. Reprinted in Robinson, 1997, 250-255. Arrowsmith, W. and R, Shattuck, eds. 1964. The Craft and Context of Translation. New York: Ancher Books. ‘Augustine. 428 AD. De Docirina Christiana (On Christine Teaching). English version edited an translated by R. PH. Green. 1995. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Baker, Mona ed.. 1998. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge, Bamstone, Willis. 1993. The Poetics of Translation. History, Theory, Practice. New Haven: Yule University Press. Bassnett, Susan. 1990. Translation Studies. Revised edition in 1991. London and New York: Routledge. Batteux, Charles. 1747 — 1748. Principes de littératare, Excerpted in English translation ( by John Miller) in Robinson, 1997. 195-199. Berman, Antoine, 1992. The Experience of the Foreign; Culture and Translation in Romantic Germany. Translated from the French by S. Heyvaert. New York: State University of New York Press. French original L’ Epreuve de Uétranger published in 1984, Brower, Reuben A. (ed. ). 1959. On Translation. New York: Oxford University Press, Bruni, Leonardo. 1426. De interpretatione reet . English wanslation (by James Hankins) prin- (ed in Robinson, 1997, 57 - 60. Catford, John. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguisties . Ox- ford: Oxford University Press. Cicero, 55 BC. De oratore {On the Orator) . Reprinted in English translation (by E, W. Sutton and H. Rackham) in Robinson, 1997, 7. —— 46 BC. De optimo genere oratorum (The Best Kind of Orator) . Reprinted in English trans- lation (by H. M. Hubbell) in Robinson, 1997, 7 ~10. 45-44 BC. De finibus bonorum ot malorum (The Ends of Good and Ewit) . Excerpted in English translation (by Harris Rackham) in Robinson, 1997. 10-12. De Waurd, Jan and Eugene A. Nida. 1986. From One Language to Another; Functional Fauivatence in Bible Translating . New York; Thomas Netson Publishers. Dolet, Etienne. 1540, Le maniere de bien traduire d'une langue en aultre ( How to Translate Well 159160 Oe, from One Language to Another) . English transtation (by David G. Ross) printed in Rob- inson, 1997, 95 ~97. Dryden, John. 166] ~ 1679. Essays of John Dryden (edited by W.P. Ker), New York. 1961. — 1680. Preface to Ovids Epistles. Excerpted in Robinson, 1997. 172 — 174, — 1697. Dedication of Aeneis . Excerpted in Robinson, 1997, 174 ~175. Even-Zohar, Itamar. 1990. Patysystem Studies . Special issue of Poetics Today 11; 1. Tel Aviv; ‘The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics; Durham; Duke University Press. Gentzler, Edwin. 1993. Contemporary Translation Theories. London and New York; Rout- ledge. Hatim, Basil and Jan Mason. 1990. Discourse and the Translator. London; Langman, Holmes, James S, 1972. The Name and Nature of Translation Studies. Unpublished manuscript, Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam, Department of General Literary Studics. Reprinted in Holmes, 1988. 66 — 80. Horace. 207 BC. Ars Poctica (The Art of Poetry) . Excerpted in English translation (by B. C. Wickham) in Robinson, 1997. 15 Jakobson, Remun, 1959. “On Lingnistic Aspects of Translation”. In On Translaiion , edited by Reuben Brower, New York: Oxford University Press. 1959. 232 - 239. Jerome. 395 AD. Ad Pammachum (Letter 10 Pammachius) Ep. 57. Reprinted in English transla- tion (by Paul Carroll) in Robinson, 1997. 23 ~ 30. Kelly, Louis G. 1979. The True Interpreter: A History of Translation Theory and Practice in the West. Oxford: Blackwell. Lefovere, André. 1977. Translating Literature: the German Tradition from Luther to Rosenzweig . Assen; Van Gorcum. —~ 1992. Translating/History/Culture; A Sourcebook . London and New York: Routledge. Lyons, John. 1968. Introducsion to Theoretical Linguistics . Cambridge; Cambridge University Press. Morgan, Bayard Quiney. 1989. “Bibliography, 46 B.C. - 1958". InR. A. Brower (ed. }, 1959, 271-298. Mounin, Georges. 1963. Les Problémes ihéoriques de la traduction . Paris: Gallimard. Newman, Francis. 1861. The Unlearned Public Is she Rightful Joudge of Taste from Homeric Translation in Theory and Practice. Reprinted in Robinson, 1997. 256 ~ 258. Nida, Eugene A, 1964, Toward @ Science of Translating. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Nida,Pugene A. and Charles R. Taber. 1969. The Theory und Practice of Translation . Leiden: B,J. Brill.cen ES HERI Nord, Christiane. 1997, Translating as a Purposeful Activity . Manchester: St. Jerome Publish- ing. Philo, 207 BC. De vies Masis (The Life of Mases) . Excerpted in English translation (by F. H. Coison) in Robinson, 1997. 13 - 14. Rener, Frederick M. 1989. Interpretasio: Language and Translation from Cicera to Tytler. Atn- sterdam and Atlata, GA; Rodopi Robinson, Douglas, 1997. Western Translation Theory: from Herodotus to Nietzsche . Manches- ter, St. Jerome Publishing. Schuciermacher, Friedrich, 1813. Uber die verschiedenen Methoden des Dbersezens (On the Various Methods of Translation) , Boglish translation (by Donglas Robinson) reprinted in Robinson, 1997, 225 -238, Schulte, Rainer and John Biguenct. eds, 1992, Theories of Translation: An Anthology of Essays from Drydan to Derrida . Chicago and London; The University of Chicago Press. Snell-Homby, Mary. 1988. Yransiation Studies; An Integrated Approach . Revised edition. 1995, Arusterdam and Philadelphia; Jolm Benjamins. Steiner, George. 1975. After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation . Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press. Storig, Hans J. (ed. ) 1973, Das Problem des Obersetzens, Darmstadt, Wiss. Buchgesellschaft. Toury, Gideon, 1980. In Search of a Theory of Translation. Tel Aviv; The Porter lastitutc for Poetics and Semiotics. 1995. Descriptive Translusion Studies and Beyond . Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Ben- jamins. ‘Tytler, Alexander Fraser. 1790. Essay on she Principles of Translation . Reprinted. New York: Garland. 1970. Also sec excerpts in Robinson, 1997; 209 — 212. Venmti, Lawrence. 1995. The Translators Invisibility, A History of Translation. London and New York; Routledge. Wilss, Wolfram. 1982. The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods. Tabingen; Gumer ‘Num Verlag. 161162 EPS MMT SAR FSSMRIR PERK HAMM TEE. EMR RRS MR ER SLee AAR AC, HE TT EEA UN AT A PY De “RARE HEARS SN SEAR” (Bsa 1950 2120) , “HEA UTE PP ABE PY F842" (WLM, 1956 121), ERRERAY a Re tk — ae Ke AATF RAE EAS MUA RAE TAURI AREAL EAS FERS SEF ARSE TATA, CET a, TIERRA NES ABR Ds ERY BITRE, BREUER TE FU EER ARE AAT RES AB TPT PE SB HS RA SORE HEA NRED AE A GEE PERE, Ea — PBT BY, HN PR A SE | CRP ERAN METRE DM SRLS AAPL TER ZI], APE RA FLT SEGRE th WEMRAAR. 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EATS T ER BSPRTAT ENR BERT AE. BURT ALD AE PRET ES EH INR EPR AL PAR BFE DR Ie, FORTE RA PU ao EERE ANE SBOE S29 AE” TEE” PRU” BS” Be “OUT” “HEARED” FUSES BNC oF Hh) SELVA 3 ERR i SUE DS RSS Re a BS 3 A TE UK i. EMRE A ALG) BIE A SPR FATT SHOR TG SEW HE GSR BD PAZ FS” KSB, D HEY: 1999, ¢° S35" FE SR" ANA Gh SS , LBC aC AP ATED ML HH Beth 35 450—462 BL. D FW GER.1998 CSE AED MCT HLA IB 5399,EE i BESTA, PARE AR ACL SE ISR AUR SR A RUA TAT AST UPR BO A PMB SOR AGA ARAETE NO SOR, HOP SEB EE RGAE) THOR A AE AE E RHE T, B AMAL UAH SUH, FRI BIR ARP IE IE, BE BET RUPE PRIMA Ach Re IA Ah DE a) 0) EASA, AGES BG” TE PR EB The moon climbed to willow tops, 1 trysted her at yellow dusk. PEGA PE OBA He fe IS EUS, EEF trysted FTL, promised —i] FIP HM,” (FES ,1987 89) FA dh, MAR My Le REY, FE SOR ER LS TE SU SRC: fj OH 24 , WUE BR Pa a HP TT HB, fi. PU PE EE LL. TAL OL PE RIERA AE URS RE AEST EY RE EA SPERM RR. BABE, PRSCAUIE AN TOC BLAS, PE RU ET EEC, TECK EA SOC SEES BUG ZB AE AE, SUL, PER SUB ADR LE TEE HS BRT A) AB BE, BEAR REE HERS RS OR ECC TTS UME ah” SAB BERIS IAA B AER FS BRT LA ARES AAR A ROVE ERA, SERA CAEN ASC a BO He, OT Fy BEAD IGT ATRL DIC TEE ES BAPE BSP PEC BE IT SL TDSC BL SEP RTT RBS) , UTE REALE CE AE. BE BT FER PETRA TRA. HE Re HTT UE RU ARERR ATE 6 ARS ANTE FAME TP PS. TS SER TTR ARE RC AE AS SONATE ZB DO ASM BE BOA MR ATT RE. RS CA PT) HOPE CIEE T SCE AED EPEC SEER YB AE SO SOAR IT, CEPR A Be Se SHAE DOC DAA HH a TAA OS CORA RI tla BAC 5) Ch BA A BR A Da 3 YS PR 38 ALE D BRRAAF 1997 6 6 LAPIN) EAE ACA LL AROTIED CP A MBUES 3 9 AE OA S37 HL 175176 ao Bio 4, MANARSS MGS HPC HT EA AB TR EEA) PEPE DEERE, BD AE TG Bo AWARE LA” (reception aesthetics) a“ PSE BE” HIG. LAGE EA ATA RR ERAS TEA AAT EEA SC LS OH A TOES AL EME, A Eine A RRS Hi BATRA URRA LA WE Xo TRE PORE, PIECE Bo SORATT HES JON TOE, BA BOR RE EAA. Bk SAAS, “OCP TE A ROR ALE MORE OR ER A 3.” (atd. in Eagleton 1996 68) PUL RR — RF A a BE, BE a LS FAY Ea BSS ne I A BS HE a ASME , BOREAS SR AP OTA D FAL ed A) SE UA TEST WE Be SO RSD FASRBSESOR A F ROT PEAT EAE) SE BE BOR BTR” AEA Bl AM Ae eee SRA EDRF RS LA RAR aR SES. BPRBICOER FM AHWR” (‘The Horace Model) BQN AEA HOCUS BE KTR. TERROR DREAM XA BBE SEW BERS S AA TB EB OC AL Bassnett, 2000.4) . BOUL TT AURAL TT TURES EF Mite JMEPEOTILAY A BEE OR ARETE” BOR SPE Ete BD CR FRONT ARBE L. FRR ES A” BIS AT BEA SE MLTE H . ABLE? “SA” RAR ACH PEAS RIE RS, TR BOSE TRRWKA. MARA ALKA. ASHRAM 65" RUE PPE TE + If she but tuned her head and smiled, there were a cast of a hundred spells, And the power and paint of the six palaces faded into nothing. PAE RIC” RRA. AMA: Her sparkling eyes and merry laughtersR BS OMIT Fascinated every beholder, And among the powder and paint of the harem her loveliness reigned supreme, LAR, “GG,” ALPE “faded into nothing” SB #8 78 MN her loveliness reigned supreme” , fi) —#% 3 57- FLRK . i BEE AS Pe” (loveliness). 3 — fe AA SCR AME PR. A CABO rh Be PEATE DE BGA FETE, (ELE PPLE a PR Se FX" FRABACAC FA MU Zee Se SALA AD BS AL, DR TS ATK DP CREM): HARM A, SOR HUH. AXE, FRWOT F. HEART OIL EC TERRA ASE, EBACE NIT RA 2 SAIC A BE RO MEDE, SREY PSA ENED. HEE PRUE ACODER ES EDR ARAM BS 1 A AY AE HE BS GP) FPA FIRE ERE A BLK, SE SCAR EA TSA A “ET” CHG) ACS AAS. PN REA AA SERA IR, MAME EN REA ESE RE i RE RT TP TT AH RSE AAR A ARS I ALTERS , Be LP CR CEEPE) BEAR HARE 2S, RMA RS. AM” REE) ERE, AES PUR. RA” Ba Me be” S“l>” 2EU MEAD, “HB” REE OS A FEE a” Wea LL Ea FRA AH. RR Re. PENCE A SRS) PR See UBL PT fil A we OT Ss i FE AERA BABS EE EAS BL SCS EC RE AS, AI Td 6 He BRS HL SOAR RU ARLE ETE BERL —- PE ES A He BS Ud , SAE TT OE BY BEANS OUI NDIA BA ADT SCAR ATR SE TR TERE FRSA ST , BPRS Pe A A PR: BG DREARY RE LAE TE PE. ROR AEE BR RPA SENE. 177178 ETC MeN FO PRAY EG A DEERE, EERE A BSE AG FER, MARAE BE BES SAS PEE A BER PR aS EE ERB PE MAT AS TAU ESL 5 AST BAS BARA He, AHA ZT EA 2 a AL SE PERE FE FERNS, UAT ES A — FARR BE FAG HE FSA AER OROP SP PE RR a, FA AE A PR RR HI JALAL A eH VeDIN Aa Aa PR BEE SE OA RU TE TEL DEE HEE BABEL BR TRL TE A ant LR , PRP TEP RUSE PARMA , dK — AY SAI Rea A RMB LOE AW OTR TAT ETRE OS TC - SRA MAMTA SCART STOR Ro AML GME, ET ELBE AE SEE OTC 2 ARE Be ALL A HY SA PE FARM ERA RS ERO HAAZRES. ERR BRI RR ‘FEHB RE ON BRM Be RE A RI A RAI K. R BUG IEE PS REAR. MEATS REAVER EB HE. CEES PRASHRA MES ASM EARARE RR. B ES PEAS E RIE RE YR A ed FE BI ER, CAE EQS SURREN EAT RAR. AL BAGELS RWB tLe SUS SR REAR. RAR RA BABAR Rh ATC. APA EL, RADAR ERE AOE. AIK TRA PEI R— RATE, ERAT RULES PEF BLE) EA TE CREE PE) PE BE EE, UE EBS SOLS SE TR FLELSE SE SAAR MASK 2 ER ETF AS Ke TAPEN ir RBA RANTLE BNIB od SER FE Bp HEHN MARR AARNE? BABE ATE ER AE UE GT AT SP HE SUEDE, R-RR TARA ROR, RMT ALES Be a AR BAR) BE TER CO) A Ak CI) BE. APOCRA SHS GEST WE REEL ATR A St By AB HE Sek FSA TA, ES “R21” intelligence ) [a] Vial, ABER CUE, RAE“ iA SI” (cognition) 3 lal, ASHE Bb MBAR Xo FEAT ALPE PAI Pl — PP AEDT KAP AS BH TE, SORTER. EMAIL, PRD RR PED OPE, AUER SBR AR ECAR. BRE FAVA A ASS ER, CRRA MOE UME ALS GE BR GESER. WRIA ES 4S ee BR AEE, OSU dR PA 1, (#, BAS SaM HEAR TALE RFE EA. Cognitive AUF MR AX a RAL” UU" EB AU PRA" ESE ETS EE RAAT IM ALRIB SS. Fi He Sa A SB ARLHS.” (Langacker 1987 ;99) HEE RETF OEFE STA MER, EAB aS Bh KRG T SSW RARE A ESR RR MEPHERBEE WAGER SE RAIA BS RELI ARE FRA PEA SO EF PRS Pea Te BE PPA EA" A” HH BZ BRS FERRER ISP , SER SE A PE EAB 2 AI, SPEAR TA ETT BT MEME REL EPR, TRL PMD WET PERS, AUTRE ART HV ERA SS HERA INE A BK FENG RE. GIN AT RSH AK SiR ROCHA ER FRAR GiB RANE RIE TS EN, ER IK A Ae, TU UCE BAB IR NUARL, Si MP EB LABS A BU PHBL RRA EAE ERE Ik A EEE oT SEALE RAR, WLELRR SETHE. MeAIB "PARA LS AEA. ITA te A PRS SA BAR CPF AY 2003 «3 ) BSE As TAT AE PR PE it ea HSA SA SES SAT RS RRR ESET Ay AME AS BAAR AS «I ak Ee Bh 9 iY TF LSENAA ARE, MARR ASP AOR A BER, BERR RRAA TRG S BRAC BRAK. WANE ERR 179180 RF. eC AMBIMG + OTK. HMA TES AB HRD AR UNA BEAST ELAR RETESET A ARAL BR TLL AS ER BYAROREA . DISC SEUA Ay ESR 9B HT A He SI NL LT FUER IRZEA. FURR A] UTE — AER A EY 48%; ( cultural specific concepts) AHR HE TE — FG FEL AE AGL, A ERS PRE PR LR. HEBEL EE FSEAGR* GA" AN, OME PS CAS Me REREAD. CA BA SCHED WE (1920 FEARS 1930 FED) He RRB AY” SO" AT 20 FED 70 EAR 80 “EAT MOA A AB AIG, HP” Od RRA STU AOR ALAR, NURS ARIEL, Oh RO SE FR, VAR RET Sh ABOU fey EL eb SHLAA ( information -processing mod- els) AAR RARMY (cognitive developmental models ) HUH Z WHT (percep- tion and experiential models) , ik ARMM AF MAE EAE AE ARPT A EOE FEA. RUA {AA Uy Bil, PE BTS BT! “A CHE A Eh BRE. RUS ACRE TE TAREE MER 0 (URE TERE APRS Ser” Ts Br FP a RST , Fc ES BA HO” LG CAE SHIN ATR ES ER, TERA EL, CE PELTED CARINE Sk QB PRE AY“ ESRIS” , FBT A EL TAPE, AR FD BY SCA RA a] HA BRE RAR IRE SOK HH, BE RE CEES HASH ARATE AT HIS” MPMI SY SE PGE a TESLA EBS Dy A TES BIS, SL HR, PRES. (San , CEMA PE TREC A“ AE” (literariness ) Sa EFEX PTA DU OK RR HE, AR, PSE EP AE RS OCR SESE EE PE TEP OE ATL. RE FORD, RAL AE (LE BE ERE BAO IN AP. i — ATE OC SCE REE PR BURT ASL FB SHO. HABA RAE el EEN ER PRT. SA SE RR PE) A RAVE URSA SCS BRE ALY Ly ET AER RI ( Cook , 1994:97 —98) . ZESERRA PERE SIP , 3 PRE ADA FT BEF TE, SCE EEEa STE SSRN LAGELSOD A RPE RT EG RTE BO, EE SCS OT Ae A HR (CER. BUS -DER R OR AAR Hulk TSI NOR CHR T LS} =} OS GER” ARR TE” BA RIE” (Cook 1994210) . TERE = Af), By = PSA APE UR AE TPES FLT ALA CH BE” TA OR AT TARR OK CEI Bi) PUL" BR” PR ERE, TA A Ai” Vet BAA EA Fee a Pie EE SCE EE, OTE RR EASE LSE A SORE AR BHT SUPT BETES VA WE RI Be, HR. SKE, PROP ISH A BEML AT OL, Been ABR AR” FES PL ATED, SERA EA RE a Se CE PP L FUR" HBA” Clonely >, 25S 20) OTF Aad A DERE ve BY Be SE A LL A > HE, RESELL AF. EAE A, ARR BGS AA ERO FETE A FD Bh LR Ne Ag AB MRI OE FR, FMC SOU HEE FERED 2. UX SHE PEPE LEY , cr FR a TTA es te A I ty A ART ICE DAR. MAUMEE TATE BC Ae TAT, AAR HOUMERU TET 4, BONY AE PAAR, EAE, MATES SE FAIL Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) 74, FRMPRS HOSA BE AS ERA AAR. BRIE FMA RF PA: (1) AjFIG( Then Tension Theory ) ; (2) F476 ( Controversion Theory) ; (3) 55¢ ‘#B}E( The Deviance Theory) ; (4) if XSF (The Semantic Anomaly Theo- ry) 8. CAVE, 2004 .S—7) peas 5 A ESE A SE , Sh ALA A BEARD CEE) PEL "PSB TA , SH EO PRE D SAW EF 2008, RATER”, MCSE ASE) Fe 1 599 HL, 181182 FEARS, SERN Bia NS AE Be STA SEA TERRE RAE AR eR ALS (INE we i BRR, ARB TAA BL, BREN HE ORR RAE. PN BR A. APKP BRAN. UT RAK, BRE WARE SR". SCAR EAR HE HB PP A EG RPE ETAL, PR EPR SEE AER BETES HS) THR PRR ER SOP SR TO eR HOPES. AT RRR OTA TEL EM AES” A RE a AT A SERED HAE RR ER — PE ER OR Be — Ah Les ( mental transfer) . FANE PGS DB A BEE TMA RR OS) PRM WES, WEAN Bie PE SSBB ODMR T UMMM WEAR 3. AASSaa= “RATE” ASF TEA Sj BO” A OT AR. LAR Hs HEF * BR” ( meta phora) F447 iH" RETF” (translatio) , ATE TF“ fe” ( transferre) HEL AGHA, SPA ag Ta SE" Sint Ls” (camry across) WT RB AL PAL, BEE 5G eT IT EAL AT SE RT RA. EO] MA LEP OER, MRR REE eS ED aR Aa REPRE —— 2S, PARP AE 9 ae SK, PAAR A EPA FE, DAS NES Fa IBA ER OAR eB — Be, A ht TAR AMER TE SEC , BC nS A A PANN" APA BS A cB BURA BROS ER A EAE 0 SOY BPE in AE.” CABAL BE , 2004 18) (ARORA ER A MEE TEMES REE AC, SALE A PE, EK] ib, BARN EAA NT PRON S BBS HERE BRIG BESET, CET HEA A EIR ETE. ETE RE ES SHS ZARA CEM FRR. MEME PERNA Bo RRRMTSE AR Ae RE SE ET EE BE. A ELAS AVE BT 9 8 SP ae PIAS AE 2 UT TN 0 FAS PAD RSE AS PAGE AL eA Sd 4, ERS PESE AEST RAL — ALI PROPS FERRE” SAN TG TBE RI SARS”. AMARA APIA, A ALPE RO EE PELE EIS BISA Am. AEAILE HA? BRENT? RAMP KAS HNO fi? RPM RASA iE? ES ARR, REFER AEE FE DHE EA HO” PS” ( comstitu- ive) , CL aH et ARE BH RE, TEOMA WT RIE EET, FAO ARAM OBIS SMEAR. URC EA TR Be FRO ELIE AS AOR DL, BAR EAA OM, ALE, DAV FY A PE ERE ME et. 4. RAE PERE RE DSU RESE IFA ES A ET OP, TER EAT BL TRIGA. PAL A FP EY GE, SEM TA LA, 22 eH FR LAT RSIS ART PR. — A BB FC EAL FBoo REIL BHA AL AISE TZ, ABR APR BEE GH. 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DAREN DS RRR ME UAE EEK ABT HPA REITER SRS — BAY BRIE SR REA AT Bk, SEAR aL A EAA AB: , BD i TE 9 AKER), CERES) RE. CET RR I Be) tH Ke A BP RAE. RSE HE I 8-2 SB SOLE VOSA SF, PERE PR AS TBE de 3 AE EE FE IETGF 19 WEAK. MBN, LORE ATE AS SEH ERA AE SPAR FEE | FL APRA PEAS) — ARH , SA TTS SLE PO AT EL RRR PERE REE RISEN, HSER ABI Wi PEE EB BI ILS FAROE: (1) SOPRA A OLE TRO, EAT I SF RS ee PETS A PE Bo BY IT FE a AR AS A ABR 5 (2 ) SPE a a HAE A PITA PAE 0 BLA BA, tHe a aH RE 9 OY BE AAR; (3) So EPO RPE ATL AD ESC AC Ua Ba, AU, J PF HAS SS A LAR TKR TEE ( PERE) EA EMA, OK A I Pe He Be SAEED BIN AS AAC Mensch ) AOGTRE, Cs TOT eae #87" ( die Hermeneutik des Lebens ). (EA RES RES FRET A DEAN PEPER OTE FIAT SR SCAR PE ih MG BE Lit OR” AE, DERE UTES 9 LED Pe TT RAE OO A HL (A FEA. ARRAS RR TAP RRASOEOR” 9 DIRE TERE FA AAR EEA AER ERE — A RIOR, BE186 ae AMEN. 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OT © Jeremy Munday, 2001, introducing Translation Studies, Theories and Applications, Rouiledge, p.28.a ED SR SSE HSA HE SCL, oe RK BR EM PRE hE FEAL. HASAN LAR SBE GAR PO KG SRA VAR AE” SS" ee? He, AA HE TR A PR ES, SOPHL SA ARE PRE PED , BRIT TESA aR ET, HLS RE PSE HS LT aA. CEA AE, APE ak AE HF (understanding as transla- tion}. (2A REA BAP FADE LAE “RE AE” Uh RS A ARR FA EBA LAR F eA LAE.” (qtd. in Munday, 2001, 28) XA ICU BEPEIN BU AP — PR, At, A BR PET TRAR SORT RA. MMU RPE SPER: — Es SAR CER) = RG (EIR) 5 DY AMC Steiner, 1976; 313815), MAREE LAB IN “fa fE” AR AR SRPEASS—Ab 5 AAR” BRAC DR CB, tE FEARS st BARR RARE HARA R XE eS ERAT” BLA AME” BP ADT Be RI REO PERRET RAR tee SEES fH A Fe FT SG ESOL) RS FO NGA IR ADE, PREP ATL Ae tt BD A PASE“ Al, —- a ah 2 ( Auslegung) , RPT BAT ABE, BRE POR APPROR BE DAES F6o8 FAG Pel TET ER” (ABR 1994490) GRE LS BE a TS) OP Fe PE. PAR A LPR, RR HEALD REWER DARPA LH PE. ROBE A SUEUR, HER PP ER, BRIN RFRA ULNA PIPE CAS iT FF BEI OE DAR PS A — BB ECE To BALA SPIE RAT GT ER RRB A.” (31 APOE, 1997: 181-182) LAM REA AMER PE FETC HEFCE. FMI RR ARERR IE: * A a SEH”. (BLA POP 1997 492) FSA LE BTR TPE BR, EHO RAM GRIR RRS AES ARLE. A SRS ROA eae WA. DO ARATSORS ROT, 187