BAHASA INGGRIS

( Sistem kelistrikan di indonesia )

Dosen Pembimbing : FITA FARIDA, SPd, MPd.

Disusun Oleh:
1. BAGAS TOMI YULIANTO (081910032)
2. ACHMAD ATHOURROHMAN (081910048)
3. MOH. FAILASUT Q. F. (081910037)

JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM LAMONGAN
TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
 BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

Electrical energy is one of the basic needs that cannot be separated from
human life today. Electrical energy has flexible properties, can be easily converted
into other energy according to human needs. Almost all equipment used by humans
cannot function without electrical energy.

Seeing the importance of electricity in human life, PT. PLN Persero as a

provider of electrical energy in Indonesia strives to provide the best service for
consumers. Broadly speaking, electrical energy is divided into three parts, namely:
generation, distribution and distribution.

The quality of electric power can be seen from the amount of voltage,
frequency and continuous or continuous service. In its effort to fulfill this, PLN is
always trying to improve the reliability of the electricity system it manages. One
effort is to improve the quality of the protection system, both in the generation
system, transmission and distribution channels.

1.2 Rumusan Masalah

The quality of electric power can be seen from the amount of voltage,
frequency and continuous or continuous service. In its effort to fulfill this, PLN is
always trying to improve the reliability of the electricity system it manages. One
effort is to improve the quality of the protection system, both in the generation
system, transmission and distribution channels.
1.3 Tujuan
The purpose of this paper is to better understand the process and
development of electricity in Indonesia at this time.
 BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

2.1 Power Plant

The power plant is part of the industrial equipment used for produce and
generate electricity from various power sources. The main part of a power plant is
a generator, which is a rotating machine which converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy by using the principle of magnetic fields and conductors of
electricity. This generator engine is activated by using various sources of energy
that are very beneficial in a power plant

2.2 Transmission Line

Transmission Line, is a medium used to transmit electricity from the
generator station / power plant to the disribution stastion to the consumer electricity
users. Electricity is transmitted by one conductor material which flows the type of
Electric Transmission Line. Based on the transmission system and the capacity of
distrubuted voltage consists of ;

1. Extra High Voltage Air Line (SUTET) 200kV-500kV, In general,

transmission lines in Indonesia are used in plants with a capacity of 500 kV.
Where the aim is that the voltage drop from the wire cross section can be
reduced to the maximum, so that an effective and efficient operation is
obtained.
2. High Voltage Air Lines (SUTT) 30kV-150kV, In this transmission line has
an operating voltage between 30kV to 150kV. Network configurations are
generally single or double circuits, where 1 circuit consists of 3 phases with
3 or 4 wires. Usually only 3 wires and the neutral conductor is replaced by
the ground as a return channel. If the power capacity is large, the conductor
at each phase consists of two or four wires (Double or Qudrapole) and a
conductor beam called a bundle conductor.
3. High Voltage Cable Channel (SKTT) 30kV-150kV, underground cable
channel (underground cable), a transmission line that transmits electrical
energy through cables buried deep in the ground. This channel category is
 commonly used for installation of transmission systems in the city, because
it is in the ground it does not interfere with the beauty of the city and also
does not easily interfere due to weather conditions or natural conditions.

For high voltage transmission lines, where the distance between towers /
poles is far apart, a higher tensile strength is needed, therefore an ACSR conductor
wire is used. Aluminum conductor wire, consisting of various types, with the
following symbols:
1. AAC (All Aluminum Conductor), which is a conducting wire made entirely
of aluminum.
2. AAAC (All Aluminum Alloy Conductor), which is a conducting wire made
entirely of aluminum alloy.
3. ACSR (Aluminum Steel-Reinforced Conductor), which is aluminum wire
core with steel wire core.
4. ACAR (Aluminum Alloy Reinforced Conductor), which is aluminum wire
reinforced with alloys.
The transmission length of the 500 kV Java Bali electric power system, in
2010 increased to 5,052 kms. The 150 kV transmission will be 12,370 kms, while
the 70 kV transmission will be 3,608 kms.
2.3 `Distribution System
Distribution system, is part of the electric power system. This distribution
system is useful for channeling electric power from large power sources to
consumers, the following are the functions of electricity distribution are:
1. Distribution or distribution of electric power to several places (customers)
2. sub power system that is directly related to the customer, because the power
supply at the load centers (customers) is served directly through the
distribution network.
Electricity generated by large power plants with voltages from 11 kV to
24 kV is stepped up by the substation with a voltage boosting transformer to 70 kV,
154kV, 220kV or 500kV then channeled through the transmission line. The purpose
of increasing the voltage is to minimize the loss of electrical power in the
transmission line, where in this case the power loss is proportional to the square of
the current flowing (I squared R). With the same power when the voltage value is
enlarged, the current flowing is getting smaller so that the power loss will also be
small.
From the transmission line, the voltage is reduced again to 20 kV with a
step down voltage transformer at the distribution substation, then with the voltage
system the distribution of electricity is carried out by the primary distribution
channel. From this primary distribution channel distribution substations take the
voltage to be reduced by the distribution transformer into a low voltage system,
which is 220/380 Volts. Furthermore, it is distributed by secondary distribution
channels to consumers. With this it is clear that the distribution system is an
important part in the electric power system as a whole.
In long distance power delivery systems, the highest voltage is always
used, using step-up transformers. This very high voltage value (HV, UHV, EHV)
has several consequences including: dangerous for the environment and the high
price of equipment, besides being incompatible with the value of the voltage needed
on the load side. So, in the central regions of the high voltage line load is lowered
again using step-down transformers. As a result, when viewed from the voltage
value, then starting from the source point to the load point, there are parts of the
channel that have different voltage values.
Based on these restrictions, it can be classified according to the scope of
the Distribution Network:
1. SUTM, consisting of: Polishing and accessories, conductors and
equipment, as well as safety and breakers.
2. SKTM, consisting of: Ground cable, indoor and outdoor termination and
others.
3. Transformer substations, consisting of: Transformers, polishes, pile
foundations, frame transformers, LV panels, protective pipes, Arrester,
cables, transformer bands, grounding equipment, and others.
4. SUTR and SKTR, consist of: the same as equipment / material in SUTM
and SKTM. The only difference is the dimension.
2.3.1 Classification of Electric Power Distribution Channels
In general, Electric power lines or distribution channels can be classified
as follows:
1. According to the value of the voltage:
 Primary distribution channel, located on the primary side of the
distribution transformer, which is between the secondary point of the
transformer substation (substation) with the primary point of the
distribution transformer. This channel is 20 kV medium voltage. A 70
kV or 150 kV electricity network, if it directly serves customers, can be
called a distribution network
 Secondary Distribution Channel, Located on the secondary side of the
distribution transformer, which is between the secondary point and the
branch point to the load
2. According to the shape of the voltage:
 DC (Direct Current) Distribution Channels use a direct voltage
system.
 AC (Alternating Current) Distribution Channels use alternating
voltage systems.
3. According to the type / type of conductor:
 Air ducts, installed in the open air with the help of supports (poles)
and accessories, and are distinguished by:
- Aerial wire conduit, if the conductor is bare, without insulation.
- Aerial cable lines, if the conductor is wrapped in insulation.
 Underground channel, installed in the ground, using a ground cable
(ground cable).
 Underwater channel, installed on the seabed using submarine cable.
 BAB III

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN