TOURISUM
Pavan Thomas
Definition by WTO
Tourism defined as “ the activities of persons
travelling to and staying in place outside their
usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purpose”
Who Tourism
Tourist: Visitors who travel to and stay in
places outside their usual environment for
more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more
than one consecutive year for leisure, business
and other purposes not related to the exercise
of an activity remunerated from within the
place visited”.
History of Tourism
EARLY TRAVEL:
• Earlier travel was essentially to seek food or to
escape danger.
•Travel was also undertaken for trade.
•Growth of cities along fertile river banks like
Nile etc
•3000 BC ships on open water
•encouraged water travel.
•Ancient empires like the Romans helped shape
modern travel.
History of Tourism
The Empire Era (The Egyptians)
•1500 Bc Egyptians visit pyramids
•At its peak the travel for business and pleasure
flourished.
•Travel to outlining cities was necessary.
•Various amenities were offered to travelers.
•They travelled for pleasure and festivals were held
every year.
•People used to travel to attend these festivals.
History of Tourism
The Empire Era (The Persians)
•They started travel initially for military use.
•Later facilities earlier used for military were
transformed to facilitate travel.
•Roads were built, markers were established to
indicate distances.
•Safety of travelers was given importance.
•Modes of transport like wagons, donkeys/mules
were introduced.
History of Tourism
The Empire Era (The Greeks)
•Greeks were the first, who shaped the modern day travel.
•Pleasure travel was popular.
•Travel was advanced by two developments:
•Currency exchange: Greek cities accepted foreign currency,
making it easier for travelers.
•Communication: The Greek empire covered the entire
Mediterranean thus the language was widely understood.
•They provided all the amenities required.
History of Tourism
The Empire Era (The Romans)
•The prosperity of the roman empire was
reflected in the development of travel.
•The Romans included a large group of middle
class who had money and time to travel.
•They built excellent roads, transportation and
communication systems.
•They built rest houses.
History of Tourism
Renaissance and Grand Tour (AD 1763-1773)
•The rise of Italy as intellectual capital of Europe .
•GRAND TOUR – a tour to the principal cities and places
of interest in Europe, formerly said to be an essential part
of the education of the young man of ‘good Birth and
fortune. Main travellers were diplomats, business people,
and scholars Mainly for career, education, culture, literary,
health, scientific, business, and economic reasons.
History of Tourism
19th century
Industrial revolution
•Urbanisation
•Countryside attractive
•Increased wealth
•Reduced cost of travel
Technological developments
•Modern transport systems
Railway, steamships
Railways 1820’s in England and USA
Regular ferry service across English channel
Father Of Tourism And travel
Thomas Cook
•Thomas Cook is the Father of Tourism.
•He acted as an agent by buying tickets in bulk and sell it to others
on a non profit basis
•His first organized trip was ‘Leicester to Loughborough ’ in 1841.
•It covered a distance of 22 km for 570 members.
•This gave him an idea to package tours in a profitable manner.
•He organized the travel arrangements, accommodations, transport
at the destinations and return to the homeland.
•He organized the first ‘inclusive tour’ to Paris Exhibition in 1855.
•‘Hotel voucher’ was introduced by Thomas Cook in 1867 and
‘Circular Note’ in 1873 which made travel easier.
•First ‘Round the world tour’ in 1872.
History of Tourism
20th century
Mass tourism
•Increased leisure time
•Discretionary income
•Telecommunications
•Efficient modes of transport
Mass communication
•Cinema
• radio
• photography
• television
Motor cars (decline of railway)
Airlines (decline of steamship companies)
Health and Safety for travellers improving
History of Tourism
20th century
Post World War 1
•Increase in immigration
•1930’s depression
•Collapse of international tourism
•Government limits imposed on Foreign Exchange
•Introduction of all inclusive holiday entertainment
Post World War 2
•New technology
•1945 first commercial trans-Atlantic flight
•1950’s long haul, jet age
– (Boeing 707, 1958) London to New York from
18 hours to 7 hours
– Disneyland opens (1955)
History of Tourism
(1960s – 70s)
•Business Travel
•New tourism generating countries eg. Japan
•Special interest holidays
•Package tours
•New aeroplanes
- 747 Jumbo Jet
- 1969 Neil Armstrong walks on the moon
(1980s)
•International tourism doubles in this decade
History of Tourism
(1990s)
•Tourism 13% of world’s consumer spending
•More freedom to travel
•International trade promotes travel
•Globalisation and foreign exchange
