IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

December 2013

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1. GENERAL
1.1. Introduction
The organisation and conduct of IAAF events, Olympic Games and other major
international competitions is overseen by the appointment of appropriately skilled and
experienced Technical Delegates. The role of the Technical Delegate has become
increasingly more complex, beyond just understanding the Technical Rules. With the
increased use of technology and professionalization of the sport, the requirement for
Technical Delegates not only to have experience in the technical conduct of
competitions - but also to be educated in specific areas of increasing importance such
as coordination with television, technology and event presentation - is essential. To
ensure the exacting standards now required are met, a Panel of IAAF Technical
Delegates was formed in 2013. All candidates participated in a seminar aimed at
providing a better understanding of the evolving role of the Technical Delegate and
ensure consistency in understanding and implementation across all major athletics
competitions.
1.2. Appointment of Technical Delegates
Technical Delegates for the World Athletics Series (WAS) and Olympic Games (OG)
are appointed by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) from
the Panel of IAAF Technical Delegates. Appointments are generally made 3 years in
advance of a World Championships or Olympic Games and 2 years for other events.
1.3. Role and Responsibilities
Technical Delegates are responsible for ensuring that all competitions under the
auspices of the IAAF are conducted according to the Rules, Regulations and
Guidelines of the sport. The Technical Delegates shall have ultimate authority over the
technical running of the competition with other delegates and various levels of expertise
reporting up to them. Their duties are performed prior to the competition, during the
competition and continue to a limited extent after the competition. Looking after the
technical arrangements of the competition and ensuring they conform to the Rules is
a continuing responsibility from the time of appointment to the end of the competition.
The authority of the Technical Delegate can be more flexible depending on the event.
For example, a TD may be more flexible for a youth event where helping the athletes
learn is important versus a world championships where tougher decisions need to be
made.
The general role of the Technical Delegates is specified in Rule 112:
The Technical Delegates, in conjunction with the Organising Committee, which shall
afford them all necessary help, are responsible for ensuring that all technical
arrangements are in complete conformity with the IAAF Technical Rules and the IAAF
Track and Field Facilities Manual. The Technical Delegates shall:
 Submit written reports as appropriate on the preparations for the competition and
shall cooperate with the Organisational Delegate(s).
 Submit to the appropriate body proposals for the timetable of events and the
entry standards.
 Determine the list of implements to be used and whether athletes may use their
own implements or those provided by a supplier.
 Ensure that the Technical Regulations are issued to all competing Members in
good time before the competition.
 Be responsible for all other technical preparations necessary for the holding of
the athletics events.
 Control the entries and have the right to reject them for technical reasons or in
accordance with Rule 146.1. (Rejection for reasons other than technical must
result from a ruling of the IAAF or appropriate Area Council.)
 Determine the qualifying standards for the field events, and the basis on which
preliminary rounds shall be arranged for track events.

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 Arrange preliminary rounds and the groups for the Combined Events
competitions.
 In competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), and (f), chair the Technical Meeting
and brief the Technical Officials.
Other responsibilities of the Technical Delegate include:
 Liaising with other appointed Delegates;
 Ensuring a clean and uncluttered field of play;
 Ensuring that current calibration certificates for all measurement devices and
facilities are in order;
 The preparation of the seedings, draws and start lists. The TD must monitor the
output of the software systems and verify that the seedings, draws and start lists
generated by those systems conform to the rules;
 Approving the courses for the Marathon and Race Walking Events;
 Together with the Organisational Delegate, approving the accommodation and
transport system for athletes and team officials;
 Ensuring the best allocation of rooms and functional space within the stadium as
well as ensuring the best flow from the warm up venues to the competition
stadium and throughout the stadium;
 During the competition, keeping a continuous eye on the conduct of the
competition and being ready to intervene when necessary.
The Technical Delegates may divide specific responsibilities amongst themselves.
For a World Championships or Olympic Games, this is normally as follows:
TD1 – Entries, Scoring and Results
TD2 – Field of Play
TD3 – Officials and Field of Play (including road events)
While Rule 112 is helpful in understanding the major responsibilities of the position,
the following pages outline in greater detail the IAAF’s expectations of its appointed
Technical Delegates, and provide specific information to enable them to undertake
their duties with optimum efficiency and effectiveness. While these current Guidelines
relate principally to the IAAF World Championships, the same issues apply also to all
other IAAF WAS competitions and to other major athletics competitions.
1.4. IAAF Delegates
The IAAF will appoint a number of other Delegates to work with and assist the LOC in
the organisation and conduct of the Championships. Each Delegate has specific
responsibilities which are complementary to those of the Technical Delegates. It will
be necessary for the Technical Delegates to work in close cooperation with these
Delegates. The result of the efforts is depending on this teamwork. The number of
Delegates appointed for each IAAF competition is indicated in the IAAF Technical
Regulations.
Note: in Olympic Games terminology, all IAAF Delegates are referred to as
International Technical Officials.
Organisational Delegate
It is the responsibility of the Organisational Delegate(s) to advise the LOC on all non-
technical requirements for the Championships, in particular, accommodation, meals,
transport, protocol and finance. In this capacity, he is the liaison between the IAAF
Council, the Organising Member/Committee, the City and all other appointed
Delegates. He will retain responsibility at all times for ensuring that events are
organised to the established standards. See also Rule 111.
Medical Delegate
The role of the Medical Delegate is to ensure that adequate facilities and services for
medical examination, treatment and emergency care are provided at the competition
venues, training venues and team’s accommodation, as outlined in Rule 113.

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Doping Control Delegate

It is the responsibility of the Doping Control Delegate to ensure that suitable facilities
and services are provided for doping control and to oversee the conduct of doping
controls in the pre-competition and competition periods, as outlined in Rule 114.
Television Delegate
The Television Delegate is the liaison between the IAAF / LOC and the various
broadcast groups (Host Broadcaster, rights holders and unilateral broadcasters).
There are two major issues that are generally of mutual interest to the Technical
Delegates and the Television Delegate: the Competition Timetable and the preferred
location and set up of event sites. Any proposed changes to what has been agreed
must be negotiated by both parties (usually in conjunction with the LOC and the
Television Partners). The Television Delegate is also to be consulted in relation to the
physical set-up and operation of the Mixed Zone.
Press Delegate
The Press Delegate is responsible for the services and facilities provided for the
media and for overseeing their activities during the competition. Of particular
importance to the role of the Technical Delegate, is the physical set-up and operation
of the Mixed Zone which is primarily the responsibility of the Press Delegate.
Photographers’ Commissioner
The role of the Photographers’ Commissioner is to control the access of the
photographers on the arena and at the various event sites. In major IAAF
competitions, the Technical Delegates should ensure that no more than the agreed
number of photographers has access to the infield at any one time. He works in close
cooperation with the Press Delegate and is responsible for the management and the
coordination of the officially accredited photographers in the stadium, ensuring that
they act in compliance with the applicable Guidelines.
1.5. International Officials
In addition to the appointment of various Delegates, the IAAF also appoints a number
of key international officials who shall report to the Technical Delegates and will work
with the National Technical Officials in the conduct of the competition. It is the
responsibility of the Technical Delegates to ensure that appropriate conditions are
provided within the stadium (or on road race courses) to ensure that these officials
can effectively undertake the tasks for which they have been specifically appointed.
International Technical Officials (ITOs)
For stadium events, the IAAF will appoint an adequate number of ITOs, in
accordance with the Technical Regulations, to oversee and support the local
technical officials in the conduct of the competition. The ITOs basically serve as a
prolonged arm of the Technical Delegates. The duties of the ITOs are detailed in Rule
115. In the case where the IAAF has not appointed a Chief ITO, the Technical
Delegate shall have the responsibility to nominate one from the group of ITOs
appointed, whose duty will be to allocate assignments to the other ITOs, coordinate
and evaluate their work. The ITOs report to the Chief ITO who in turn reports to the
Technical Delegates. It is advisable that the TDs and Chief ITO are in contact via
radio during the competition.
The IAAF ITOs Guidelines can be found in Appendix A
International Cross Country and Road Running Officials (ICROs) These officials
are appointed by the IAAF for the IAAF World Cross Country and IAAF World Half
Marathon Championships from the IAAF ICROs Panel. They will provide all
necessary support to the competition organisers and fulfil the same role as the ITOs,
ensuring that the conduct of the competition is in full conformity with IAAF Rules,
Technical Regulations and any relevant decision made by the Technical Delegates.
(See Rule 115.2).

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International Race Walking Judges (IRWJ)

International Race Walking Judges are appointed by the IAAF from the IRWJs Panel
in accordance with the Technical Regulations and shall officiate solely at Race
Walking events. (See Rule 116 and the IAAF Technical Regulations for more detailed
information on individual Championships).
International IAAF / AIMS Grade ‘A’ Road Race Measurer
The International Road Race Measurer is appointed by the IAAF from the IAAF /
AIMS International Road Race Measurers Panel. He is responsible for the official
measurement and certification of the race course, where Road Events are held
entirely or partially outside the stadium. (See Rule 117).
International Photo Finish Judge (IPFJ)
The IAAF will appoint an International Photo Finish Judge from the IAAF Panel of
IPFJs whose responsibility it is to supervise all photo finish functions. See Rules 118
and 165, and the IAAF Photo Finish Guidelines which can be found in Appendix
B and downloaded from the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#manuals-guidelines
International Starter
The IAAF will appoint an International Starter from the IAAF Panel of International
Starters. (See Rule 118, the Role of the International Starter which can be found
in Appendix C and the IAAF Starting Guidelines which can be found in Appendix
D, and downloaded from the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#manuals-guidelines
Statisticians
Statisticians are appointed by the IAAF to verify the entry performances of athletes
and to assist the Technical Delegates in developing and confirming seeding lists,
qualifying distances / heights and progressions.
Announcers
English Language Announcers shall be appointed by the IAAF at competitions held
under Rule 1.1(a). The IAAF shall also appoint French Language Announcers for the
World Championships. In conjunction with the Event Presentation Manager, and
under the general direction of the Technical Delegates, the Announcers shall be
responsible for all matters of announcing protocol. (See Rule 134).
National Competition Officials appointed by the Organising Member (OM)
The OM is responsible for the appointment of all National Referees, Judges and other
Technical Officials, whose competence must be guaranteed. The overall listing and
positioning of Officials is to be approved by the IAAF Technical Delegates. For
reference, the IAAF has produced the IAAF Infield Management Guidelines which
can be found in Appendix E.
While it is difficult for Technical Delegates to personally know the experience and
capabilities of the appointed NTOs, they should check that these are the best
available NTOs within the host country and that the numbers and positioning are
according to the Guidelines.
1.6. Meeting with Delegates
Prior to the start of the event, the Technical Delegates should arrange a meeting with
the appointed International Officials and key National Officials listed under 1.5 above.
The Technical Delegates should convey their expectations to the Officials and ensure
that everyone is working within the Rules and Regulations and towards a successful
event.

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1.7. Evaluation of Delegates

It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegates to evaluate the following
International Officials:
 Chief ITO
 International Starter
 International Photo Finish Judge
 Chief Race Walking Judge
The IAAF Competitions Department will discuss with the Technical Delegates the
appropriate criteria and provide the necessary evaluation forms.

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Communication
For each IAAF WAS Event, and OG, the IAAF will assign dedicated staff members to
work with and assist the appointed Delegates who will work under the guidance of the
Competitions Director: Events Coordinator, Competitions Manager, etc.
In relation to the Local Organising Committee, the Technical Delegates function in an
advisory capacity and shall be ready to assist in every way.
Information to and from the Technical Delegates is generally channelled through the
IAAF office. The IAAF Headquarters Organisational Chart can be found in
Appendix F.
1.8. Final Report
Following each IAAF WAS event, a Post Event Report is produced by the IAAF. The
Technical Delegates will be required to provide feedback on the various technical
aspects of the competition for which they have been directly responsible. The input of
the Technical Delegates will form part of the overall IAAF Competitions Department
Report. To assist them in this task, a standardised report has been prepared, the
Competitions Department Post Event Report, which can be found in Appendix
G. This also indicates the specific areas which the Technical Delegates will be
required to provide their input.
1.9. IAAF Marketing Partner
The IAAF has signed an Agreement with DENTSU Inc. to be the exclusive worldwide
partner for the IAAF World Athletics Series through to 2019. As such, DENTSU is the
exclusive IAAF Marketing Partners responsible for the commercial exploitation of all
Marketing Rights and acts on behalf of the IAAF. Athletics Management Services
(AMS) has been appointed by DENTSU as its Agent to implement the IAAF’s Rights
and Obligations.
From time to time, the Technical Delegates will need to interact with AMS and Dentsu
representatives on marketing-related matters.

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2. SITE VISITS
Technical Delegates are required to make Site Visits to the host city of the competition to
which they have been appointed (usually three for the IAAF World Championships and the
OG and two for other competitions), where they will normally be accompanied by IAAF staff
and other Delegates. Arrangements for site visits will be organised by the IAAF Competitions
Department in conjunction with the LOC. Site Visits are usually conducted over two days and
the IAAF normally makes travel arrangements and provides the standard per diem
allowance, while the LOC provides accommodation, ground transport and meals.
The purpose of a Site Visit is to enable the Technical Delegates to view the venues, facilities
and equipment and to discuss with the LOC the technical arrangements that are being made
for the Championships such as Timetable, competition procedures, room / functional space
allocation, etc. The Agenda for a Site Visit will be prepared by the IAAF Competitions
Department in conjunction with the Technical Delegates and the LOC, and will cover all
those areas for which the Technical Delegates have ultimate responsibility. A Sample Site
Visit Agenda can be found in Appendix H.
It is also the responsibility of the Technical Delegates to ensure that the National Technical
Officials have the level of expertise necessary for the Event. To this end, the Technical
Delegates should advise the LOC on a suitable programme of preparation for the National
Technical Officials which can include: local seminars, observation visits to suitable
competitions in other countries and visits from experts in specific areas (e.g. Starting).
To assist Technical Delegates in fulfilling their responsibilities at Site Visits, a detailed
Checklist of areas to inspect has been prepared which should be of primary concern to the
Technical Delegates. A Sample Site Visit Checklist can be found in Appendix I.

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3. COMPETITION INFORMATION
3.1. Venues
3.1.1. Competition Venue (Stadium)
The stadium at which an IAAF Championships is to be held must conform in
all respects to the requirements of the IAAF Competition Rules and must be
fully provided with competition equipment which is appropriate for the
conduct of the competition and meets the requirements of the IAAF
Technical Specifications. The track must hold a Class 1 IAAF Athletics
Facility Certificate while the specific requirements of the stadium (seating
capacity, roof, etc.) may differ depending on the level of the competition (see
the IAAF Technical Regulations for more details). The infield shall be
natural grass or covered in a synthetic surface approved by the IAAF. The
IAAF Technical Manager is responsible for the certification of stadia track
and field facilities.
It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegates to ensure that all of the
competition sites in the stadium are of a standard sufficient for hosting the
Championships and that all the equipment to be used in the competition
meets the necessary IAAF requirements. In this regard, the IAAF Track and
Field Facilities Manual will provide useful information as to what is
necessary; and it can be found on the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#manuals-guidelines
The Technical Delegates should also ensure that the flow of athletes from
drop-off to Post Event Area is as efficient and smooth as possible.
3.1.2. Road Race Courses
It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegates to ensure that Road Race
Courses to be used during the Championships comply with the requirements
of Rule 230.10 (Race Walks) and Rule 240 (Marathons). Courses must
comply with the criteria for an IAAF Road World Record (Rules 260.28 and
260.29). While the course will be measured by an IAAF/AIMS approved Grade
“A” International Road Race Measurer who will attend the Championships to
validate that the courses used are as measured, it is the responsibility of the
Technical Delegates to ensure that all other aspects, such as the Start and
Finish Areas, Call Room, Post Event Area, the number and location of
drinking/sponging and refreshment stations are taken into account in the
determination and management of the course. The IAAF Competitions
Department maintains a list of certified Marathon and Race Walk courses.
The Technical Delegates should also ensure that only authorised and
necessary vehicles are allowed onto the road events courses. For this
purpose, the IAAF has developed a Standard Vehicle Line-up for Road
Races found in Appendix J should be used as a basis for discussion with the
Organising Committee.
3.1.3. Warm-up Venue
It is an IAAF requirement, and as such the responsibility of the Technical
Delegates, to ensure that appropriate Warm-up Venues are provided ideally,
within easy walking distance from the competition venue, including a
separate area for Long Throws. This venue must provide appropriate sites at
which all athletes participating in the competition can warm up. The
Technical Delegates should note the following:
Track
For the World Championships the surface and radius of the track in the
Warm-up Venue should be the same as that of the main stadium. For other
events, the surface of the track in the Warm-up Venue should ideally be the
same as that provided in the competition venue, with a 400m standard track

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of at least six oval lanes. It is recommended but not essential that the warm-
up track is oriented in the same direction as the competition track.
Throws
A dedicated Warm-up Area shall be provided for the Long Throws, separate
from the warm-up track. It should be equipped with the appropriate safety
cages. The surface of the throwing circles should be as similar as possible to
the throwing circles in the competition arena. Weight training facilities should
also be provided.
Starting Blocks
Whenever possible, at the Warm-up Venue, the Timing Company should
provide at least one set of starting blocks (without false start detection)
identical to those which will be used in the competition.
Equipment and Implements
At the time of the competition, it is essential that the Technical Delegates
ensure that adequate and sufficient equipment and implements, the same as
those to be used in the competition, are available at the Warm-up Venue.
Non-Stadium Events
An adequate Warm-up Area must also be provided for the athletes
competing in the non-stadium events. This area needs to be secured from
the spectators and the public in general, must be suitable for the type of
event concerned and large enough to accommodate the expected competing
field.
3.1.4. Training Venues
The Technical Delegates are responsible for ensuring that the LOC provides
suitably located and appointed Training Venues. The Technical Delegates
should also review the opening dates and times.
Stadium Events
For the WCH and OG, in addition to the Warm-up Venue, which can be used
for training prior to the start of competition, it is recommended that at least
two other Training Venues be provided, each ideally not more than 20km
from the athletes’ accommodation. For other stadium events, one Training
Venue, in addition to the Warm-up Venue, can be sufficient if fully equipped
to cater for all events. Each Training Venue should be equipped with weight
training facilities. The surface of the track at training venues does not have to
be the same as in the competition arena although it is preferred.
Non-Stadium Events
Adequate running or walking trails must be provided by the LOC, ideally,
situated in a secure area close to the Athletes’ accommodation.
3.1.5. Field of Play Set-up
The Technical Delegates, in conjunction with the Host Broadcaster and the
LOC, will determine the exact location and layout of each of the events to be
held in each session well before the start of competition. The layout of each
event site will include location of officials, timing and results operators,
equipment, Field Event boards, distance arcs in Throwing Events, television
cameras and operators This will allow all parties to know where all personnel
and equipment will be located allowing everyone to work efficiently. The
Technical Delegates or appropriate Referee have the right to change the
place or time of an event if, in his opinion, the conditions justify it (neither the
wind strength nor its change of direction is sufficient condition to change the
place nor time of the competition). Consequently, any contemplated change
of event sites should be discussed with the Host Broadcaster, LOC and
Technical Partners as soon as possible, as any changes will require the
extensive relocation of the electronic equipment used in the conduct of the
competition.

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3.1.6. Distance Arcs

The Technical Delegates should provide recommendations to the LOC for
the location of the landing sector arcs in the Throwing Events.
Further information is contained within the IAAF Infield Management
Guidelines which can be found in Appendix E.
As a general guide, the following guidelines should be used:
Qualification Rounds: one yellow arc at the qualifying mark and one other
white reference arc.
Finals: two white arcs at distances such that approximately:
 20% of throws land before the shortest arc
 60% of throws land between the two arcs
 20% of the throws land beyond the farthest arc
The distance between the arcs should be 10m for all events except the Shot
Put where the arcs should be positioned with 2m intervals.
Examples:
Qualification: one yellow arc (Qualifying mark) and one white arc
(reference)
Men Women
Yellow (Q) White Yellow (Q) White
Shot 20.70m 19.00m 18.80m 17.00m
Discus 66.00m 60.00m 63.00m 55.00m
Hammer 78.00m 70.00m 72.50m 65.00m
Javelin 82.50m 75.00m 61.50m 55.00m

Final: two white arcs

Men Women Dec. Hep.
Shot 19, 21m 18, 20m 14,16m 12,14m
Discus 55, 65m 55, 65m 40,45m
Hammer 70, 80m 65, 75m
Javelin 75, 85m 55, 65m 55,65m 40, 45m

3.1.7. Call Room(s)

The Technical Delegates, together with the LOC, need to ensure that the
location and layout of the Call Room(s) fulfil their function for the smooth
development of Call Room operations, and as a checkpoint between the
Warm-up Area and the Competition Area. IAAF staff is generally assigned to
assist the LOC in the management of the Call Room procedure during the
event. This area is strictly restricted to accredited people. Recent practice is
to have two Call Rooms or areas. One is normally just a staging area and the
other is where all the checks are done. The TDs must decide together with
the LOC, which Call Room performs which function.
3.1.8. Mixed Zone
Although generally seen as a “Media Area”, the set-up of the Mixed Zone
should be agreed between the LOC, the Technical Delegates and the IAAF

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Press and Television Delegates to ensure that the interests of all parties are
respected.
The Mixed Zone must be designed in such a way that athletes are obliged to
pass through the entire area, though they are not obliged to stop and speak
to the Media if they do not wish to do so. A waist-high barrier should delimit
the athletes’ passage and the area to which Media do not have access.
Access to the Mixed Zone should be restricted to athletes leaving the
stadium and media representatives, as well as competition management
staff. There should be no spectator access and security must be carefully
checked. With a special pass produced by the IAAF, a limited number of
team officials may mix with their athletes at a designated point, normally at
the end of the Mixed Zone.
In co-operation with the Technical Delegates, National Technical Officials
should make sure that all athletes leave the arena exclusively through the
Mixed Zone, except where medical assistance is required. Chaperones to
notify athletes that they have been selected for doping control are usually
located at the end of the Mixed Zone.
3.1.9. Post Event Area
An area immediately after the Mixed Zone is required, where athletes can
collect their clothing and recover following their event.
3.1.10. Technical Rooms (Stadium Events)
In addition to ensuring that appropriate conditions are provided for the
conduct of the competition, it is also the responsibility of the Technical
Delegates to ensure that appropriate rooms (or spaces) are provided, usually
within the stadium structure, for IAAF Delegates, staff and service providers
(please note that these rooms are additional to the rooms provided to the
IAAF for non-competition purposes).
Technical Delegates Office
The Technical Delegates Office should be close to the Competition
Management Offices and the IAAF Competitions Department Office. It
should provide working spaces for at least four people. In addition, a viewing
space, ideally near to the Competition Director’s booth, should be provided
for the use of the Technical Delegates during competition. It is possible that
the working area and viewing area can be the same location if sufficient
space is available, but this should be confirmed by the Technical Delegates.
IAAF Competitions Department
The IAAF Competitions Department Office should be close to the Technical
Delegates’ Office and should provide accommodation for three people (or
five people if the space is integrated with the Statisticians’ Office).
Statisticians’ Office
A separate office, sufficient for three people, or additional space within the
room made available for the IAAF Competitions Department, should be
provided for the IAAF appointed Statisticians.
Jury of Appeal Room
The Jury Room should be located close to the Video Recording and Play-
back facilities and have easy access to the VIP Tribune. It should be
equipped with a table capable of seating up to ten people depending on the
competition.
Video Recording Room
Located adjacent or close to the Jury of Appeal Room, this room will record
and catalogue all the various feeds provided by the Host Broadcaster and
the specific video cameras set up to record sensitive areas of the
competition.

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Arrangements must be made well in advance with the Host Broadcaster to

provide all available feeds including the integrated feed. Experienced
professionals must be assigned to record and track the events. When
requested by the Referee or Jury Secretary to see video footage of an event,
the operator(s) must know where to find the incident as quickly as possible.
Seeding Room
A small room, ideally within the Technical Delegates’ Office or adjacent to
the TDs office, should be provided for the Competition Data Management
company’s operator responsible for the production of Start Lists. This person
works closely with the Technical Delegates on the creation of the start lists.
Competition Data Management Room
The Competition Data Management company will require a large room to
accommodate all of its equipment and operators. The company concerned
will provide details of its requirements to the LOC during the relevant site
visit.
Photo Finish, Timing Room, Video Distance Measurement (VDM)
The room housing the Photo Finish and Timing Operators and Judges needs
to be glass fronted, about 30 square metres, overlooking the arena and with
a view to the Finish Line. Adequate location for VDM operations should also
be addressed either in the same location or another suitable location.
Technical Suppliers Storeroom and Workshop
A very large room, close and with easy access to the arena, is required for
both the Timing and Competition Data Management companies for the
storage and eventual repair of the equipment provided for the competition
(such as Field Event scoreboards). Again, the companies concerned will
provide details of their requirements to the LOC.
ITOs / IRWJs Rooms
Separate rooms should be arranged for the ITOs and the IRWJs (when Race
Walk events start and finish or are held in the stadium) equipped with basic
furnishings (tables, chairs) where the group is able to meet, and as a resting
area between duties.
Doping Control Station
The location, layout and size of the Doping Control Station need to be
agreed with the Doping Control Delegate.
Technical Information Centre (TIC)
The Technical Information Centre must be located at the stadium with easy
access from the team seating area. If possible, a separate area should be
organised for the Secretary of the Jury of Appeal to confer with teams.
Competition Information Desks (CIDs)
The Competition Information Desk(s) must be located at the athletes’
accommodation venue(s).
Combined Events Rest Area
A Rest Area must be designated at the main stadium for the Combined Events
athletes to rest between events. As each participating athlete may bring two
accompanying people into this room, it must be big enough to accommodate
everyone.
Seating for Field Event Coaches
Adequate seats close to the Field Event sites need to be reserved by the LOC
for the Field Events coaches, and one seat shall be provided per competing
athlete, to be granted by form of a pass or ticket.
Seating for the Teams
A separate seating section, with an appropriate number of seats, has to be
anticipated and provided for all the athletes and team officials.

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 IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.1.11. Technical Facilities (Non-Stadium Events)

Appropriate facilities for IAAF Delegates, staff and service providers, though
in a reduced form, also need to be in place at non-stadium events. These are
usually concentrated around the Finish Area and it is the responsibility of the
Technical Delegate to ensure that they are adequately placed and meet the
required standards.
IAAF Competitions Department Office (or Area)
This will actually be a multi-purpose area where the IAAF Delegates (TD,
ICROs, IRWJs, Course Measurer, etc.) and Staff will be able to meet and stay
during the event. It can also be used by the Jury of Appeal should the need
arise (in which case it should offer the possibility to see the video footage there
or nearby). It should be close to the Finish Area and equipped with some basic
furniture (table, chairs, power).
Competition Data Management
The Competition Data Management company will require a space (a cabin,
tent, or other suitable space) in the immediate proximity of the Finish Area to
accommodate its equipment and operators. The company concerned will
provide details of its requirements to the LOC during the relevant Site Visit.
Timing
The requirements of the Timing Company are similar to those of the
Competition Data Management company and details will be provided during
the relevant Site Visit in the same way. It is usually placed very close to the
Finish Line.
3.2. Equipment and Implements
3.2.1. General
It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegates to ensure that the
equipment provided for the conduct of the competition is appropriate and that
it meets the requirements of the IAAF Technical Specifications.
The official Lists of Implements for all Stadium Events is to be approved by
the Technical Delegates.
3.2.2. Athletics Equipment (Stadium Events)
Athletics equipment generally refers to that equipment which is installed or
utilised on the Field of Play. It includes such items as: hurdles, steeplechase
barriers, throwing cages, stop boards, landing areas, uprights, cross bars,
relay batons, etc.
Particularly problematic at recent competitions has been the operation of
electronic Pole Vault uprights and Technical Delegates are encouraged to
insist that this equipment be fully tested under competition conditions prior to
it being used in the Championships. A set of manually operated Pole Vault
uprights should be available as back-up in case of problems with the
electronic uprights and/or electronic uprights with built-in manual backup
must be used.
3.2.3. Mondo Equipment
Through its marketing partner Dentsu, the IAAF has signed an agreement
with Mondo which includes the exclusive right for Mondo to provide certified
athletics equipment (landing mats, hurdles, uprights, etc.) as Value in Kind
(VIK) to the LOC for use during the competition. The basic arrangement
involves Mondo providing all equipment necessary for the staging of the
competition. The LOC has the option of purchasing the equipment from
Mondo following the event or, if it does not wish to do so, the equipment can
be returned to Mondo. The exact list of equipment to be supplied to the LOC
has been agreed between Mondo and the IAAF for each WAS event. Mondo
equipment for the World Athletics Series can be found in Appendix K

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IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

and a complete List of IAAF Certified Competition Equipment can be

downloaded from the IAAF Website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#certification-system
3.2.4. Throwing Implements
Official List
The list of Throwing Implements to be provided by the LOC is generally
prepared by the IAAF Competitions Department and is normally based on
recent usage patterns of such implements at international events. The
Competitions Department will forward a draft list to the Technical Delegates
for their review and final approval.
A complete list of IAAF Certified Throwing Implements can be downloaded
from the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#certification-system
Additional Implements
Additional Implements may be added to the approved list, if justified (to be
used by qualified athletes) and requested by Member Federations directly or
by Manufacturers with the endorsement of a Member Federation, and if
supplied to the LOC free of charge. All such implements must have IAAF
Certification and must be approved by the IAAF Technical Delegates.
Normally, four items (unless advised otherwise by the IAAF) of each
implement must be supplied by the Member Federation or Manufacturer
concerned and must be sent to the LOC.
Personal Implements
It is now accepted practice at major international competitions that personal
implements may be accepted provided that they:
- are readily identifiable and are IAAF certified;
- are not already on the official list;
- have been checked for compliance with IAAF Rules;
- are made available to all the other athletes until the end of the Final of
the event.
Implement Usage
During the competition, Technical Delegates should ensure that a National
Technical Official records the trial-by-trial usage of each of the implements
available in each of the Throwing Events (as this information is used to
establish the official list of implements to be used at subsequent
competitions). A modified Judge’s score sheet can be used for this purpose.
Further advice is available from the IAAF Office.
3.3. Competition Timetable
3.3.1. Programme of Events
The Programme of Events for each IAAF WAS competition can be found in
the Technical Regulations.
3.3.2. General
It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegates, in conjunction with the
IAAF Competitions Department and the LOC, to construct the Competition
Timetable for the Championships and to revise it from time to time as
required. For each competition, timetable templates based on the guiding
principles established by the governing body (see 3.3.4) and experience of
previous events have been developed by the IAAF. In developing these
principles, the IAAF has consulted television and marketing partners,
athletes, coaches and other stakeholders which has resulted in the IAAF
Council officially adopting these principles. The construction of the
Competition Timetable should be based on the established template for each

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 IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

event and adapted to the particular needs of that event as well as

observations from the previous event.
3.3.3. Stakeholders
Apart from the IAAF Council, there are other major stakeholders who will
have a keen interest in the development of the Competition Timetable and
who should be consulted on the proposed structure of the sessions and the
detailed allocation of events within each session.
Local Organising Committee
The LOC will need to be consulted on the number of sessions to be
conducted over the competition period of the Championships. The LOC will
have knowledge of public holidays, working hours, traffic patterns and other
issues which may determine what the optimum number of sessions is as well
as the session start times. In addition, star athletes from the host country
should be taken into consideration to ensure a good mix of national stars
over the entire competition period.
Host Broadcaster
The Host Broadcaster should be consulted from the earliest stage in the
construction of the Timetable. They will have an excellent understanding of
the best timing for sessions and how the various events can be covered
within each of the sessions (depending upon the number of crews and
control rooms utilised). Early consultation with the Host Broadcast may avert
many later problems with the Timetable.
Television Rights Holders
The IAAF has sold the Broadcasting Rights of its WAS Events to a number of
worldwide partners, who have the right to comment on the Timetable before it
is officially approved by the IAAF Council, so it is wise to involve them in the
very early stages of any discussion. Please refer to the IAAF Competitions
Department for any further specific information.
Marketing Rights Holders
The interests of the IAAF marketing partners, namely DENTSU (and AMS)
may also need to be considered (especially for the World Championships) and
representatives from DENTSU may be invited to attend the discussions.
3.3.4. Guiding Principles (Senior Outdoor Championships)
To assist in the process of developing the Competition Timetable, the IAAF
has adopted a set of guiding principles for the construction of Competition
Timetables for the World Championships which should be observed:
General
 The World Championships will take place over a nine day period;
 Day 1: is to be considered as a “qualification day” but must include a
Combined Events competition and at least one Road Event and one other
Final;
 Days 2-7: consist of two sessions per day with a second session lasting
no more than 2.5 - 3 hours, including only Semi-Finals and Finals in Track
Events and Finals in the Field Events;
 Days 8-9: consist of one session lasting no more than 2.5 - 3 hours,
including only Finals;
 A balanced number of Finals across all other days;
 Qualification Rounds, whenever possible, held only in the morning
sessions;
 A limited use of Rest Days between Semi-Finals and Finals;
 A maximum of three Rounds for all events*;
 Possibility should be allowed for traditional doubling: 100/200m,
200/400m, 800/1500m, 5000/10,000m, Long Jump/Triple Jump,
Heptathlon/Long Jump, 20km/50km Race Walk.

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IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

Track Events
 A maximum of three Rounds for any event;
 *A Preliminary Qualification Round of Men’s and Women’s 100m is to
include only unqualified athletes;
 Relays spread over four days.
Field Events
 Vertical Jumps (HJ, PV): one Rest Day between Qualifying and Final;
 Horizontal Jumps and Throws: no Rest Day between Qualifying and Final
(except Triple Jump and Javelin – one rest day).
Road Events
 Five Road Events spread over five days and in the morning sessions;
 Flexibility with the positioning of Race Walk Events.
For all other stadium events, similar principles should be observed.
3.3.5. Recommended Times for Warm Up and Competition
During the construction of the Timetable, it is recommended that the
following times (which are based on average times for the conduct of the
events at World Championships) are planned for warm-up and competition.
When it is known that the number of athletes in a group is large, it should be
planned to bring the athletes onto the field of play for their warm up earlier
than indicated in the following chart.
Event Phase Warm-up Competition
Men & Women
High Jump Qualifying 40 120
Final 40 150
Decathlon 40 160
Heptathlon 40 150
Pole Vault Qualifying 60 170
Final 60 160
Decathlon 60 190
Long Jump Qualifying 30 70
Final 30 90
Decathlon 30 50
Heptathlon 30 50
Triple Jump Qualifying 30 60
Final 30 90
Shot Put Qualifying 30 45
Final 30 70
Decathlon 30 50
Heptathlon 30 50
Discus Throw Qualifying 30 50
Final 30 80
Decathlon 30 50
Hammer Throw Qualifying 30 55
Final 30 80
Javelin Throw Qualifying 30 50
Final 30 80
Decathlon 30 50
Heptathlon 30 50
3.3.6. Timetable Formats
The IAAF has developed a Timetable template for presenting the information
in both text and graphic formats. The IAAF Competitions Department will
assist the Technical Delegates with the development and inputting of the
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 IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

timetable information. Times for the Medal Ceremonies and event / athlete
introductions should also be included in the Timetable development from the
beginning of the process.
Text Format
The conventional format for the text version of the Timetable is:
DAY 6 - Thursday, Evening, 1 September
18:50 800m M MC
19:00 Javelin Throw M QA
19:10 High Jump M Final
19:20 Triple Jump W Final
19:25 200m W SF
19:45 Pole Vault W MC
19:55 1500m M SF
20:12 3000m SC W MC
20:20 Javelin Throw M QB
20:25 3000m SC M Final
20:40 400m M MC
20:55 1500m W Final
21:05 Triple Jump W MC
21:15 400m H W Final
21:20 3000m SC M MC
21:30 400m H M Final

Graphic Format
This is another version of the Competition Timetable that is very useful as a
working tool, particularly for showing events in progress at the same time
and the location of Field Events. The two tables below and the text format
above are all linked to ensure accuracy.
DAY 2 - Sunday, Evening, 11 August
Hour 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00
Minutes 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Medal Ceremonies 3 4 5

Road Events 20km Race Walk M Final

Track Events 100m M 800m M SF 400m W 1500m 10,000m W Final 1

High Jump

Pole Vault Pole Vault W Q A+B

Horizontal Jumps Long Jump W Final

Shot Put

Long Throws Javelin Throw Dec M A Javelin Throw Dec M B Discus Throw W Final

Start M Heats Gap Time/Heat Practice Duration Finish Q+q

Event Phase
hh:mm W Athletes Trial Time Trials hh:mm hh:mm hh:mm Q (m)
A Final
17:00 20km Race WalkM Final 01:30 00:10 01:30 18:30
17:15 Javelin Throw DecM A 17 01:00 51 00:30 00:51 18:06
18:30 Javelin Throw DecM B 17 01:00 51 00:30 00:51 19:21
19:00 Long Jump W Final 12 01:25 60 00:30 01:25 20:25
19:05 100m M SF 3 08:00 00:01 00:07 00:17 19:22 2+2
19:10 Pole Vault W Q A+B 11 01:40 66 01:00 01:50 21:00 4.60
19:35 800m M SF 3 08:00 00:02 00:07 00:18 19:53 2+2 Final
19:55 20km W M MC 3 00:05 20:00
20:05 400m W SF 3 08:00 00:01 00:07 00:17 20:22 2+2 A Dec. B Dec. B
20:15 Discus Throw W Final 12 01:10 60 00:30 01:10 21:25 * A
20:35 1500m Dec M Final 2 11:00 00:05 00:06 00:16 20:51
21:05 10,000m W Final 00:30 00:07 00:30 21:35 *
21:40 Long Jump W MC 4 00:05 21:45
21:50 100m M Final 00:01 00:07 00:01 21:51 *
21:53 Decathlon M MC 5 00:05 21:58

6 Finals, 3 MCs
*MCs (DT W; 10,000m W; 100m M) the following day

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IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.3.7. Athletes per Event

To assist in the construction of the Competition Timetable for the World
Championships, several assumptions have to be made concerning the
overall number of athletes who will participate and the ideal number of
athletes in each event. The following numbers of athletes per event have
been approved by the IAAF Council for the World Championships (similar
tables are available for World Juniors, World Youth and World Indoors).
Starting with the Ideal number of athletes in each event, we can then confirm
the number of phases required in each event and therefore the time
allocation required in the Timetable.

WOMEN MEN
Ideal # Ideal #
Starters Starters
72 100m 88
56 200m 56
56 400m 56
48 800m 48
45 1500m 45
38 5000m 38
27 10,000m 27
80 Marathon 100
45 3000mSC 45
110mH 40
40 100mH
40 400mH 40
32 High Jump 32
32 Pole Vault 32
32 Long Jump 32
32 Triple Jump 32
32 Shot Put 32
32 Discus Throw 32
32 Hammer Throw 32
32 Javelin Throw 32
Decathlon 32
32 Heptathlon
60 20km Walk 60
50km Walk 60
16 4x100m 16
16 4x400m 16

3.3.8. Final Approval

Following agreement of all stakeholders, the final version of the Competition
Timetable shall be presented to the IAAF Council for approval. At this time, it
is strongly recommended that the Technical Delegates seek the mandate of
the Council to make subsequent minor adjustments to the Competition
Timetable as may be necessary.

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 IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.4. Entries
The Technical Delegates, together with the IAAF Competitions Department, are
responsible for overseeing all phases of the entries process.
3.4.1. Entry Standards
Entry Standards generally need to be submitted before the start of the
qualification period. The qualification periods for each IAAF competition are
included in the Technical Regulations. The IAAF Statistician and the
Competitions Department will assist the Technical Delegates in developing
the Entry Standards.
3.4.2. Ideal Number of Athletes
In order to set appropriate Entry Standards, it is first necessary to establish
the desired number of athletes to participate in each of the events on the
programme and use statistical evidence to determine suitable Entry
Standards to yield such participation. A Statistical Model for Entry
Standards which can serve as a useful model for future competitions, can
be found in Appendix L. See also 3.3.8 above.
3.4.3. Invitation to Participate
The IAAF General Secretary shall send an invitation to all Member
Federations inviting them to participate in each WAS event. Such invitation
letter will also include pertinent information regarding the championships.
3.4.4. Preliminary Entries
Preliminary Entries must be submitted using the IAAF On-line Event Entry
System. The submission of Preliminary Entries is subject to deadlines that
vary according to the event (see Technical Regulations). The Entries shall
indicate the number of athletes and officials as well as the anticipated travel
dates and accommodation requirements. The IAAF Competition Department
shall manage this process and keep the Technical Delegates informed.
3.4.5. Final Entries
Final Entries must be submitted using the IAAF On-line Event Entry System,
which is normally available one month prior to the Final Entry deadline. The
IAAF Statisticians will check all performances included in the Final Entries
submitted by the Member Federations. The deadline for IAAF Events is
usually two Mondays before the first day of competition (except for the World
Youth and World Junior Championships when the deadline is three Mondays
before). Final Entries provide the Technical Delegates with a better idea of the
real number of athletes per event, although there will be a decrease in
numbers between Final Entries and the actual number of athletes who confirm
and start in the competition. These numbers may provide the Technical
Delegates with information about the final number of rounds and heats needed
in each event. As this is the case, it may be possible for the Technical
Delegates to forecast to the other stakeholders (LOC and Host Broadcaster)
the possible need for changes to the agreed Competition Timetable.
Technical Delegates may accept unqualified athletes in Field Events at their
discretion. However, to come to a decision, the Technical Delegates should
consider the technical standard of the unqualified athlete, whether that
athlete is the best athlete in their country and the number of qualified athletes
entered in that discipline.
3.4.6. Final Confirmations
Based on the information submitted in the Final Entries, the appointed
Competition Data Management Company will produce Final Confirmation
Forms which will be provided to each participating team upon arrival in the
host city. The LOC will be responsible for their distribution and receipt. From
the information provided on the Final Confirmation Forms, the draft start lists
are then prepared for the Technical Delegates review (see also 5.4.).
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IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.5. Team Manual

One of the responsibilities of the Technical Delegates is to approve the content of the
Team Manual specifically produced by the LOC for the participating Member
Federations. The LOC is responsible for the preparation of this Manual, following the
template provided by the IAAF Competitions Department, in close co-operation with
the Technical Delegates. The Team Manual must be posted on the LOC website (and
be available for download) no later than two months before the competition. The LOC
may also provide a hard copy of the Team Manual to all Federations upon arrival for
the competition. Technical Delegates should ensure that any information of a
technical nature included in the Team Manual is both complete and accurate.
3.6. Competition Forms
To ensure the best management of the competition, it is good practice to establish a
standardised protocol for the necessary interaction between the participating Member
Federations and Competition Management (LOC and IAAF). This is achieved by
identifying a centralised point of interaction and a standardised form of dialogue.
The Technical Information Centre at the competition venue (and the Competition
Information Desks at the accommodation venues) is, of course, the official point of
interaction while standardised Competition Forms are used to streamline the flow of
information. The Competition Forms that are most commonly used and which are
provided by the IAAF to the LOC are the following:

Name of Form Distribution / Purpose Actioned by

Collection
Questions for During accreditation Allow Member Federations to Technical Delegates
Technical Meeting procedure / TIC & CID submit questions in writing
which will be answered
during the Technical Meeting
TIC General TIC / TIC Allow Member Federations to In the first instance
Enquiries submit enquiries (not by TIC which
covered by other forms) forwards as
during competition time appropriate
Appeal to the Jury TIC / TIC Allow Member Federations to Secretary to the Jury
lodge an Appeal to the Jury
Athlete Withdrawal TIC / TIC Allow Member Federations to Technical Delegates
Form withdraw an athlete from an
event where he has already
been confirmed
National Record TIC / TIC Allow Member Federations to TIC
Documentation request official
Request Form documentation for the
ratification of a National
Record
Voluntary Doping TIC / TIC & Doping Request for an athlete to be Doping Control Staff
Control Request Control Station submitted to Doping Control
Form if he has not already been
selected
Confiscated Items Call Room / TIC A receipt given to the athlete Call Room Referee
at Call Room when items are confiscated and TIC
at the Call Room
Implement Receipt TIC or Other (e.g. A receipt given to the athlete Technical Manager
Implement Control or team official when a and TIC
Room) / TIC personal implement is
presented for inclusion in the
pool of throwing implements

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 IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

4. OTHER TECHNICAL MATTERS

4.1 Pre-Competition Activities and Meetings
Prior to the start of competition, the Technical Delegates will need to attend and lead
a number of meetings and rehearsals as well as inspect and ensure the readiness of
the competition venues. It is very important to conduct a meeting with all parties
having a presence on the field of play prior to the event so everyone understands the
basic principles and commits to following them. An example listing of Pre-
Competition Activities and Meetings can be found in Appendix M.
It is advisable that responsibility for involvement in the various activities is spread
amongst the Technical Delegates.
4.2 Technical Meeting
It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegates to preside over the Technical
Meeting which is usually held two days prior to the start of the World Championships
and one day prior for other events. The Technical Meeting should be conducted in
less than one hour and should focus on major issues not included in the Team
Manual or changes and/or additions to the Team Manual. Questions from the floor
are not accepted. However, it has become common practice for the Technical
Delegates to be available after the Technical Meeting to answer individual questions.
Team Leaders will have an opportunity to submit questions in writing prior to the
Technical Meeting. The Agenda for the Technical Meeting usually includes:
 Welcome by the IAAF President or his Representative
 Introduction of Delegates, International Officials and key LOC staff
 Competition Details:
- Amendments to the Timetable
- Call Room Procedures and Reporting Times
- Methods of Qualification and Progression (a template of which can be
found in Appendix N):
o Starting heights and increments in Vertical Jumps
o Qualifying Standards for Field Events
 Specific Road Events Details and Procedures
 Protest and Appeal Process, including TIC location
 Medical and Doping Control Procedures (sometimes a separate meeting
may be organised)
 Answers to Written Questions

A PowerPoint presentation for the Technical Meeting will be prepared with the
assistance of the IAAF Competitions Department.
4.3 Delay / Postponement and Rescheduling Management of Competition
Competition will normally continue through inclement weather conditions such as rain.
If conditions become dangerous to the health and/or safety of the athletes, the IAAF
Technical Delegates may delay the competition or certain events until the weather
conditions improve. If it is not possible to complete an event during its scheduled
session, the IAAF Technical Delegates together with the LOC and HB will determine
when it will be resumed. Competition may need to be to be delayed, postponed or
cancelled due to the following conditions:
- Sport Equipment issues
- Technology issues
- Competition Venue structural issues
- Public / Spectator behaviour issues
- Safety / Security issues
- Power outage or other electrical problems
- Heavy rain causing flooding of the surface of play

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IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

- Electrical storms in the vicinity

- Severe damaging winds
- Poor visibility caused by fog or other pollutants
o “DELAY” - a competition has not started at its scheduled start time, or is interrupted
after the scheduled start. The competition is restarted and completed within the
scheduled session or an extended session.
o “POSTPONEMENT” – a competition which was underway cannot be completed
within the scheduled session timings (or in an extended session) and will be
rescheduled to a later session. Equally this also applies to either a whole session
or day of competition which cannot be started and is rescheduled for later in the
Championships. The procedures for a postponement will also be applied when it is
proposed to move an event(s) forward in the schedule to an earlier session or to
change a session to an earlier start time.
4.4 Protest / Appeal Procedure and Video Recording Operations
It is mandatory that a proper video recording system be provided to record all events in
order for the Referees and the Jury of Appeal to check the video if there is a protest.
The Technical Delegates must ensure that an efficient system of managing protests
and appeals is implemented by the LOC. The Technical Delegates however, are not
involved in the actual protest / appeals procedures. The IAAF will appoint a permanent
Secretary to the Jury who will be responsible for liaison with the LOC, convening the
Jury and relaying decisions of the Jury.
The stated objective of technical video recording is to provide evidence in support of the
Referee or Jury of Appeal. It is natural that the focus of any video should be on likely
protests and appeal issues.
The Official Video Recording Guidelines which specify the requirements for the
technical video service to be provided by the LOC can be found in Appendix O.
4.5 Technical Information Centre (TIC)
The Technical Delegates will need to ensure that the TIC is properly established both
prior to and during the competition. Some of the more specific tasks of the TIC are as
follows:
 distribution of information, urgent notices and technical information
 publication of Start Lists and Results
 managing written enquiries and appeals to the Jury
 answering general questions concerning the competition
 managing National Record Photo Finish print requests
 managing National Record Doping Control requests
 distributing additional passes ( Coaches’ Seats, Combined Events, etc.)
 distributing and receiving Final Confirmation Forms.
The TIC is normally located at the Stadium but some tasks of the TIC must also be
provided at the teams’ accommodation venue, via the Competition Information
Desks (CID). These also must be checked by the Technical Delegates.
4.6 Athletes Bibs
The IAAF will provide the athletes bibs. The LOC will be responsible for their
distribution. Each athlete will receive three bibs to be worn:
 One on the front of the uniform
 One on the back of the uniform
 One for the athletes’ bag
According to the current IAAF policy, the front bib will include the athlete’s
surname. The other two bibs will only include the athlete’s’ assigned number.
4.7 Hip Numbers
Hip numbers will be provided by the IAAF and distributed by the LOC.

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 IAAF Technical Delegates Guidelines

5. ENTRIES, TIMING AND RESULTS

5.1. General
The Technical Partners with whom the Technical Delegates will have a great deal of
interaction, are the Competition Data Management and Timing Companies engaged
for that purpose. At the time of the First Technical Site Visit, it is advisable for the
Technical Delegates to ensure that adequate and appropriately positioned spaces are
allocated to the various needs of these companies.
5.2. Room Allocation
It is important that the Technical Partners have proper working facilities within the
stadium. See also section 3.1.10.
5.3. Results Service
The service provided by the Competition Data Management Company is often
referred to as the ‘Results Service’ and as such comprises a number of sequential
stages.
5.3.1. Entries
Information collected through the IAAF On-Line Event Entry System is
uploaded to the Competition Data Management Company’s database. From
this information, various reports are able to be produced prior to the start of
the competition, for example, athletes per event or athletes per Federation.
5.3.2. Confirmations
From the results database, according to the information provided by the
Federations, Confirmation Lists are produced so that Federations can
confirm, either on a daily basis (for stadium events) or by the time of the
Technical Meeting, those athletes who will participate in each of the events.
Sample Confirmation Sheet can be found in Appendix P.
5.3.3. Start Lists
Once confirmations have been entered, the Results Service is then able to
provide Start lists and Judges’ Score Sheets for the various events on a
session-by-session basis.
5.3.4. Results
Once an event has been concluded, the Results System produces the
Results. While Start Lists need to be approved by the Technical Delegates,
the Results do not require such approval. In the case of timed events (either
Track or Road), this responsibility is delegated to the International Photo
Finish Judge and in the case of Field Events, the electronic results are
verified by the appropriate Referee and the ITO assigned to that event.
5.3.5. Other Reports
A range of other reports are also produced through the Results System
including several specifically for the Media. In terms of the conduct of the
competition, however, such reports include: intermediate results, progressive
points scores in the Combined Events, etc. If the Technical Delegates need
to produce an official communication, for example announcing the
postponement of a session or of an event, this is also done through the
Results System to maintain consistency and to ensure the widest possible
diffusion.
5.4. Seeding and Qualification Processes in Track Events
From information included in the Final Entries, and as verified by the appointed
Statisticians, the Competition Data Management Company shall prepare Seeding
Lists and qualification procedures according to IAAF Rules. The Technical Delegates
shall check that such lists are correct and amend if necessary.

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5.5. Approval of Start Lists

It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegates to approve the Start Lists for all
events, which they have to authorise prior to distribution. Following approval of the
Seeding Lists, the Start Lists are produced automatically by the Competition Data
Management Company using software that takes into account the relevant IAAF
Rules regarding progressions and seeding. Nevertheless, the Technical Delegates
need to ensure in particular that Rule 166.2 is properly applied, which states that
‘Whenever possible, representatives of each nation or team shall be placed in
different heats in all rounds of the competition’; as well as the Rule 166.2 Note (1)
which states ‘When heats are being arranged, it is recommended that as much
information as possible about the performances of all athletes should be considered
and the heats drawn so that normally the best performers reach the final’. To do so, it
is often necessary to check the distribution of athletes to the various heats and their
lane allocations manually.
Technical Delegates should ensure that whenever two athletes (whether or not in the
same Round 1 heat or semi-final) are tied in their 0.01 times, and the breaking of the
tie may affect either qualification for the next round or their seeding ranking (lane
assignments for the next round), the Photo Finish Judge must be asked to provide
times to the 0.001 for the affected athletes and asked to confirm if the athletes can be
separated or not.
5.6. Qualifying Standards
The Technical Delegates shall determine the automatic qualification height or
distance in the Field Events (Q). This may be done in consultation with the appointed
Statistician.
5.7. Starting Heights, Raising of the Bar
The Technical Delegates shall determine the conditions for qualifying, the qualifying
standards, the starting heights and the progressions for the raising of the bar in
Vertical Jump Events. For the Finals, the starting height and progressions for raising
the bar should be done after the Qualifying Round. The above may be done in
consultation with the appointed Statistician.
5.8. Forming Groups in Combined Events
In Combined Events competitions, Rule 200.8 gives the Technical Delegates
authority to decide how the groups / heats are to be formed. The following text
intends to give an objective view on how this grouping should be done, based on the
assumption that athletes perform better when their fellow competitors are of similar
ability.
Whenever a Combined Events competition has 18 or more entries, all Field Events
must be conducted in two groups. The following procedure should be applied in all
important competitions.
5.8.1. General
For each athlete entered in the competition, the Entry Form (or other
statistical evidence known to the IAAF) should show the best performance
recorded by the athlete in each event in a Combined Event competition held
within the qualifying period.
Based on the performance details provided, a separate ranking is prepared
for each event, with the exception of Javelin Throw [Decathlon], 800m,
1000m and 1500m.
5.8.2. Field Events
Each Field Event is to be conducted in two even groups. The groups are
formed according to the ranking: the athletes with the best performances in
that particular event are allocated to one group, the rest of the athletes to the
other group.

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Exceptionally, the first group for Javelin Throw [Decathlon] will be formed by
the athletes (as close to half of the athletes as possible) who complete the
Pole Vault competition first. The second group will accommodate the rest of
the athletes.
5.8.3. Track Events
With the exception of the final event, all Track Events are grouped following
the ranking order of that particular event: the best athletes are placed in one
group; the next group contains the next best athletes, and so on.
Should the 800m, 1000m and 1500m events be run in heats, the groups
should be formed as stated in Rule 200.8, that is, the last group shall contain
the leading competitors after the penultimate event.
5.8.4. Preliminary Round 100m
In the World Championships and Olympic Games Men’s and Women’s
100m, where the majority of unqualified athletes are entered, all unqualified
athletes shall be required to compete in a Preliminary Round the results of
which shall determine which athletes shall proceed to Round 1 of the event.
Athletes that have achieved the Entry Standard in the qualification period,
shall be entered directly in Round 1.
5.8.5. Use of Lane 9
In stadia where there are 9 lanes available and only 8 lanes are required,
lanes 2-9 should be used.
5.8.6. Video Distance Measurement (VDM)
VDM is now the officially recognised measurement system for Long Jump
and Triple Jump. This works similar to Photo Finish timing with a Seiko
operator sitting with a Judge of the event who determines the mark in the
sand at which to measure the jump. Communication between the Judge and
the event site is crucial to ensure all jumps are recorded properly and to keep
the event moving smoothly.

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6. EVENT PRESENTATION
6.1. Guidelines
The Local Organising Committee is responsible for the planning and delivery of the
Event Presentation elements. Event Presentation (sometimes referred to as Sport
Presentation) aims to educate, engage and entertain live audiences at athletics
competitions while still maintaining the integrity of the sport. It refers to the way
athletics is presented to the spectators, or ‘choreographed’, at the Stadium through
various elements such as introductions, music and video.
Rule 124 provides for the appointment of an Event Presentation Manager whose
responsibility it is to plan the Event Presentation arrangements for the competition, in
conjunction with the Competition Director and in cooperation with the Technical
Delegates. While clearly the responsibility of the LOC, these arrangements will
require the input of the IAAF Delegates to ensure that both protocol and competition
requirements are respected. To this end, the IAAF has produced Guidelines which
are designed to provide assistance to those charged with the responsibility of
devising and executing the event presentation plan. The IAAF Event Presentation
Guidelines can be found in Appendix Q.
6.2. Basic Requirements
The following are accepted as the basic minimum requirements for implementation of
an acceptable Event Presentation Plan for the IAAF World Championships.
6.2.1. Announcers
The IAAF will appoint official Announcers (English and French for World
Championships and English only for all other WAS events, unless the host
country is French speaking) and the LOC should appoint an Announcer for
the local language (if it is neither English nor French). Rule 134 indicates that
it is the responsibility of the Announcers to inform the public of the names
and numbers of the athletes taking part in each event. Moreover, this Rule
states that “in conjunction with the Event Presentation Manager and under
the general direction of the Organisational and/or Technical Delegates, these
appointees shall be responsible for all matters of announcing protocol.”
Announcing Protocol Guidelines are included in the above-mentioned
Event Presentation Guidelines.
6.2.2. Public Address System
For Announcers to be able to operate, it is necessary for the venue to supply
a high quality Public Address System that reaches to all parts of the venue.
As well as being suitable for voice, the Public Address System should also
be suitable for the playing of music and other sound effects which are now
established elements.
6.2.3. Scoreboards
There should be at least one, but preferably two scoreboards, to be used
primarily to display Start Lists and Results. Each should have a surface area
of at least 40 square metres.
6.2.4. Video Boards
There should be at least one, but preferably two Video Boards, to be used to
screen live footage and replays of the various events. They each should
have a surface area of at least 48 square metres.
6.2.5. Event Presentation Manager
This position requires the LOC to appoint a person with knowledge of the
sport of athletics and of the skills of presentation. The Event Presentation
Manager shall plan the Event Presentation arrangements for the competition
in conjunction with the Competition Manager and in cooperation with the
Technical Delegates as and where applicable (See Rule 124).

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6.2.6. Communications System

the LOC will need to provide an appropriate Communications System to
facilitate communication between the Event Presentation Manager, his
production staff and the Competition Manager.
6.3. Responsibilities of the Technical Delegates
The Technical Delegates should ensure that no aspect of the Event Presentation Plan
interferes in any way with the conduct of the Championships or is contrary to the
Rules of the competition. For instance, during a track Race Walking Event held within
the stadium, Technical Delegates should not permit Announcers to comment on the
status of the red cards displayed on the posting board (disqualification) as Race
Walking Judges have to communicate their decisions independently. The Technical
Delegates also need to understand the increasing role of event presentation in the
overall presentation of the sport and ensure that the sport is presented in the most
entertaining manner while ensuring the integrity of the sport is not compromised.
6.4. Medal Ceremonies
Medal Ceremonies will normally be included in the responsibilities of the Event
Presentation Manager in collaboration with the Protocol Manager. To minimise the
impact of Medal Ceremonies on the conduct of the competition, Technical Delegates
should ensure that the following principles are implemented:
6.4.1. Timing
The Technical Delegates should insist on the shortest possible time for the
conduct of these Ceremonies. Efforts must be made for a duration of no
more than four minutes.
6.4.2. Podium
As indicated in the IAAF Technical Regulations, the Podium should be
located outside the infield whenever possible, in a position to be agreed by
the IAAF. This will avoid the need for the Medal Ceremony procession to
cross the track. The Ceremony should begin only when all participants are in
place behind the Podium.
6.4.3. Scheduling
Medal Ceremonies should be scheduled within the detailed Competition
Timetable and should not conflict with live action on the track. As much as
possible, no Ceremonies should be held after the last event of the session.
While it is not ideal, a limited number of medal ceremonies carried over to
the next day may be scheduled just before the start of the afternoon /evening
session.
6.4.4. Field Events
Field Events will normally continue through the beginning of the Medal
Ceremonies. However, Field Events must stop before the National Anthem of
the winner is played.

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7. ADVERTISING MATTERS
7.1. General
For a sport that relies on sponsors to provide the income necessary to conduct its
competitions, advertising is both necessary and inevitable. Nevertheless, to protect
the integrity of the sport of Athletics, advertising at the competition sites must be
regulated and must not interfere adversely with the technical conduct of the
competition. As a consequence, the IAAF Advertising Regulations have been
produced to specify what is acceptable and what is not: in the stadium, on the
athletes and at all other places associated with the Championships. The latest edition
of the IAAF Advertising Regulations can be downloaded from the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations#regulations
7.2. Involvement of the Technical Delegates
Whilst most of the issues associated with the LOC enforcement of the IAAF
Advertising Regulations will be the responsibility of the IAAF’s Marketing Services
Company, there may be occasions when the Technical Delegates could be required
to adjudicate or intervene. Such instances will usually be related to:
 advertising on athletes’ apparel and personal equipment
 manufacturers’ marks on sports equipment and implements
 the placement of advertising boards on the arena
Staff from the IAAF and from the IAAF’s Marketing Services Company are usually on
hand in the Call Room to assist the LOC in enforcing the Advertising Regulations.
The management of the Call Room activities (and relevant officials) is under the
responsibility of the Call Room Manager. Aside from exceptional circumstances, he is
the one with whom the protocol for the enforcement of advertising regulations in the
Call Room should be discussed. He is the one who then briefs his staff accordingly so
that such protocols are implemented consistently and effectively. Should athletes
refuse to comply with the regulations, the Call Room Referee shall be involved. If,
after hearing the athlete, the Referee believes his behaviour continues to be
inappropriate, he can warn (yellow card) or even disqualify (red card) the athlete and
immediately report his decision to the Technical Delegates and the Competition
Management.

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8. MISCELLANEOUS
8.1. Useful Documents
The following IAAF publications contain information which will assist Technical
Delegates to better understand and execute their responsibilities:
8.1.1. IAAF Competition Rules
The authority on all matters relating to the organisation and conduct of
athletics events. A necessity for the Technical Delegate to have available at
all times. The current continuously updated edition of the IAAF Competition
Rules can be downloaded from the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations#rules
This publication is printed every two years following the IAAF Congress.
8.1.2. IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual
This comprehensive document contains information relating to planning,
constructing, equipping and maintaining Track and Field Facilities. This
publication is most useful when new facilities are being developed, but it may
also assist Technical Delegates in assessing the compliance of existing
facilities. The IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual and Marking Plan
can be downloaded from the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#manuals-guidelines
8.1.3. IAAF Technical Regulations
The IAAF produces Technical Regulations for each competition in the World
Athletic Series. Separate Technical Regulations are produced for the
Olympic Games.
Amongst various matters, these Regulations contain information regarding:
 programme of events
 entry regulations
 duties of Delegates and Officials
 technical matters and requirements
 protocol matters
The Technical Delegates may need to refer to the Technical Regulations to
stress to the LOC that certain provisions or procedures are mandatory
requirements of the IAAF.
The Technical Regulations for World Championships can be found in
Appendix R. The IAAF Technical Regulations for all WAS Events are
updated regularly and can be downloaded from the IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/rules-regulations#rules
8.1.4. The Referee (Le Juge Arbitre)
A comprehensive explanation and interpretation of the IAAF Rules, it is most
useful in the preparation of Technical Officials for major international
competitions. The latest edition of The Referee can be downloaded from the
IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#manuals-guidelines
8.1.5. IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events
At all IAAF WAS events, scoring in the Combined Events will be provided
automatically by the Results Management Company. However, Technical
Delegates may have to do this manually or check the automatic results. Both
Scoring Tables – Indoor or Outdoor can be downloaded from the IAAF
website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#scoring-tables

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8.1.6. IAAF Distance Running Manual

A new version of this manual which provides useful information on the
preparation and management of Road Races is available on the IAAF
website.
8.1.7. IAAF Race Walking (A Guide to Judging and Organising)
A practical guide to the correct interpretation of the Race Walking Rules and
to the organisation of a Race Walking event, can be downloaded from the
IAAF website:
http://www.iaaf.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical#manuals-guidelines

8.2. Documentation provided to the LOC

The IAAF provides each LOC with the following documentation, which is also
available to the Technical Delegates upon request:
 Event Organisation Agreement (EOA): This is a contractual document
which defines the relationship, roles and responsibilities between the
IAAF, the Organising Member (OM) and the Host City. The EOA includes
various Guidelines such as Accommodation Guidelines, Transportation
Guidelines, Protocol Guidelines, Media Guidelines, Television Guidelines
all intended to assist the LOC in the preparation and organisation of the
competition;
 Event Operations Manual (EOM): The IAAF has developed this document
to guide the Local Organising Committee (LOC) and Organising Member
(OM) in the development and implementation of their operations. This
document will be used as a basis for the first General Site Visit and as a
reference tool for the LOC and the OM during the preparation and
organisation of the event.
 Competition Information Guide (CIG): This is an IAAF internal working
document, updated regularly, providing the most up-to-date information on
the evolution of preparations prior to WAS events.
8.3. Terms and Abbreviations
In order to achieve consistency in the terminology used in relation to IAAF
competitions, and to reduce the possibility of confusion, the IAAF has prepared a List
of Terms and Abbreviations used in documents and reports relating to the sport of
athletics. It is the responsibility of the Technical Delegate to ensure that all documents
produced by the LOC utilise the agreed terminology when referring to all aspects of
the sport of athletics. The IAAF Terms and Abbreviations can be found in
Appendix S.

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9. APPENDICES

Appendix A IAAF ITO Guidelines

Appendix B IAAF Photo Finish Guidelines
Appendix C Role of the International Starter
Appendix D IAAF Starting Guidelines
Appendix E IAAF Infield Management Guidelines
Appendix F IAAF Headquarters Organisational Chart
Appendix G IAAF Competitions Department Report Form
Appendix H Sample Site Visit Agenda
Appendix I Site Visit Checklist
Appendix J Standard Vehicle Line-up for Road Races
Appendix K Mondo Equipment Lists for WAS Events
Appendix L Model for Entry Standards
Appendix M Pre-competition Activities
Appendix N Qualification Procedures and Progressions
Appendix O Official Video Recording Guidelines
Appendix P Sample Final Confirmation Form
Appendix Q IAAF Event Presentation Guidelines
Appendix R IAAF Technical Regulations for World Championships
Appendix S IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

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Appendix A

INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL OFFICIALS (ITOs)

GUIDELINES

1. Introduction
International Technical Officials (ITOs) are appointed by the IAAF to all World Athletics Series
competitions and the athletics competitions of the Olympic and Youth Olympic Games to assist
in the proper conduct of those events. While the role of the ITO is outlined briefly in Rule 115 of
the IAAF Competition Rules, this document aims to provide more comprehensive guidelines as
to the responsibilities of the ITO and the expectations of the IAAF.

2. ITO Panel
The IAAF maintains an ITO Panel from which members are appointed to the major international
competitions as specified above. The ITO Panel is reconstituted every four years following an
intensive evaluation process where the top candidates are appointed to the available positions
on the panel.

3. Role of the ITO

The ITO assigned to a particular event must be present for the entire time the event is in
progress. It is the responsibility of the ITO to ensure that the IAAF Competition Rules and
relevant Technical Regulations, as well as any decisions made by the Technical Delegates, are
observed in the conduct of the event.
At each event to which they are appointed, the ITOs should provide all necessary support to the
Referee. If the ITO sees (or foresees) a problem, he should immediately inform the Referee and
offer advice as to what should be done. If the ITO's advice is not followed, and if the correct
procedures are not being followed, the ITO has the right to - in fact, must - intervene. Such an
intervention is to be made as soon as the ITO sees (or foresees) a problem and if the advice of
the ITO is not followed the ITO has the right to insist that his direction be implemented. If the
direction of the ITO is not implemented, a report should be given to the Chief ITO and the
Technical Delegates.

4. Chief ITO
For each competition to which ITOs are appointed, one ITO will be nominated by the IAAF as
Chief. The responsibilities of the Chief ITO are to:
- prepare the roster allocating ITOs on a session-by-session basis to the specific events on the
programme and submit the roster to the Technical Delegates for approval at least one month
prior to the competition;
- ensure that all of the on-site logistic arrangements for ITOs, as agreed by the Technical
Delegates, are provided;
- prior to the competition, arrange a preliminary meeting with National Technical Officials (and
when needed with the Technical Delegates) to examine the general programme and
assignments;
- arrange a daily post-competition debriefing meeting to collect comments from ITOs (see also
7.4);
- monitor the performance and welfare of the ITOs and offer advice and assistance as required;

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International Technical Officials Guidelines

- advise the Technical Delegates of any areas of concern in the conduct of specific events;
- report on the performance of each ITO on the specific form provided by the IAAF for this
purpose.

5. Positioning of ITOs
The number of ITOs appointed to a particular competition varies between five and ten, depending
on the type and extent of the competition (the exact number is specified in the relevant Technical
Regulations). In each session of the competition, the Chief ITO should ensure that there is at
least one ITO for every Field Event, including each qualifying group and Combined Events group,
and that all critical points of Track Events are covered.
In general, and where numbers permit, ITOs should be assigned by the Chief ITO to the
following positions during the conduct of specific events:
5.1. Track Events
100m
A: start
B: finish straight
200m
A: start / bend
B: finish straight
400m
A: start / first bend / finish straight
B: first bend / back straight
C: back straight / second bend
D: second bend / finish straight
800m
A: start / first bend / finish straight
B: first bend / breakline / back straight
C: back straight / second bend
D: second bend / finish straight
1500m
A: start / back straight / first bend
B: back straight / second bend
C: second bend / finish straight
D: first bend / finish straight
5000m
A: start (including split start) / second bend / back straight
B: back straight / second bend
C: second bend / finish straight
D: first bend / finish straight
E: lap scoring

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 International Technical Officials Guidelines

10,000m
A: start (including split start) / first bend / finish straight
B: first bend / back straight
C: back straight / second bend
D: second bend / finish straight
E: lap scoring
3000m Steeplechase
A: start / back straight / hurdle 3
B: second bend / water jump
C: finish straight / hurdle 4
D: first bend / hurdle 1
E: first bend / hurdle 2
100/110m Hurdles
A: start
B: finish straight / control passing of hurdles
400m Hurdles
A: start / first bend / finish straight
B: first bend / back straight
C: back straight / second bend
D: second bend / finish straight
4 x 100m Relay
A: start / finish straight
B: first bend / takeover 1 / back straight
C: first bend / takeover 1 / back straight
D: back straight / takeover 2 / second bend
E: back straight / takeover 2/ second bend
F: second bend / takeover 3 / finish straight
4 x 400m Relay
A: start / first bend / finish straight / takeover
B: first bend / breakline / back straight
C: back straight / second bend
D: second bend / finish straight
* In all Track Events, the ITOs should be positioned so that they have a head on view of the
runners (or from behind if there is a no-go zone in operation at the finish line).
5.2. Jumping Events
All Jumps
A: overall supervision
5.3. Throwing Events
Shot Put and Hammer Throw
A: overall supervision

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International Technical Officials Guidelines

Discus Throw
A: circle
B: landing sector
Javelin Throw
A: runway
B: landing sector

6. Responsibilities of the ITO

6.1. Call Room
At the beginning of the event to which he is assigned, where feasible, the ITO should
ensure that the Call Room procedures for the relevant group of athletes are properly
managed.
6.2. Track Events
For Track Events, the ITO should ensure that the officials manage the following areas
properly and, where necessary, are vigilant in observing and reporting any infringements:
- running in lanes especially on the curves;
- correct cutting in from the breakline;
- correct use of cones in areas without kerbing, on the breakline and for split starts;
- lap counting, especially when there is a large number of athletes;
- typical areas of jostling and obstruction (e.g. soon after 1500m start);
- correctness of hurdling in hurdle and steeplechase races;
- relays: takeovers, acceleration zones, check marks, recovering of dropped batons, etc;
- infringements of the assistance rule (Rule 144).
6.3. Jumping Events
For Jumping Events, the ITO should ensure that the officials manage the following areas
properly and, where necessary, are vigilant in observing and reporting any infringements:
- positioning of the uprights and landing areas in the vertical jumps;
- the rhythm of raising the bar when two groups are competing;
- the correct conclusion of a qualifying competition;
- the preparation of the indicator boards and handling of foot faults;
- levelling of the sand in the landing area;
- correct use and number of the check marks;
- infringements of the assistance rule (Rule 144);
- monitoring protests by athletes to the Referee.
6.4. Throwing Events
For Throwing Events, the ITO should ensure that the officials manage the following areas
properly and, where necessary, are vigilant in observing and reporting any infringements:
- implements: control and handling at the competition site and ensuring usage statistics
are kept;
- correct marking of the landing sectors;
- practice throws under the control of the judges;
- no training with implements during the competition;
- correct use of the gate panels of the cage;
- control of foot faults;
- correct use and number of check marks;

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 International Technical Officials Guidelines

- supervision of landings of the javelin and discus;

- infringements of the assistance rule (Rule 144);
- monitoring protests by athletes to the Referee.
6.5. Road Events
For Road Events conducted as part of an overall athletics competition, such as the IAAF
World Championships or the Olympic Games, ITOs should ensure that the following areas
are properly managed:
- proper checking of transponders;
- lap counting;
- correct display of laps remaining for lapped or about to be lapped athletes;
- functioning of the drinking/sponging and refreshment stations.
The ITO does not intervene in the work of the Race Walking Judges.

7. Reporting
7.1. At the conclusion of the event to which he has been appointed, the ITO must check and
sign the result card in the case of Field Events, and report his observations on the conduct
of the event to the Chief ITO. In addition, the ITO may be called upon to report his
observations to the Referee, the Technical Delegates and the Jury of Appeal.
7.2. In accordance with Rule 137, the ITO assigned to a Field Event together with the Referee
will supervise a set of measurements to ensure the EDM or VDM equipment has operated
correctly.
7.3. At the end of the competition, the Chief ITO must report to the Technical Delegates all
relevant aspects that he may consider as important including any proposals to improve
aspects of future IAAF competitions.
7.4. At the conclusion of each session, the Chief ITO should meet with the ITOs to ensure that
any observations or interventions are reported to the Technical Delegates for further
action.

8. Evaluation
Each lTO’s performance during the competitions to which they have been appointed will be
evaluated by the Chief ITO and the results sent to the IAAF.

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Appendix B
Technical Delegates Guidelines

IAAF PHOTO FINISH GUIDELINES

1 Introduction
The position of an International Photo Finish Judge (IPFJ) was first identified in the IAAF
Handbook in 1994. IAAF Rule 118 stipulates that the IPFJ “shall supervise all Photo Finish
functions” but with no other guidelines as to what is expected of that official.
This document aims to provide clear guidelines as to the duties to be carried out by the
International Photo Finish Judge. This will ensure consistency amongst the IPFJ Panel and
ensure that the Local Organising Committees are well aware of the role and responsibilities
of this Delegate.
It is recommended that Member Federations adopt these Guidelines for the organisation of
their own athletics competitions.
2 International Photo Finish Judges Panel
2.1 Initially, the practice of IAAF was to appoint as International Photo Finish Judges the
National Chief Photo Finish Judges from previous World Championships and other
IAAF events.
2.2 After the approval of the International Photo Finish Judges Panel in March 2007,
appointments to designated IAAF competitions are made from this Panel.
2.3 The deployment of an International Photo Finish Judge is intended to:
 Add a consistent approach to the reading of photo finish images;
 Ensure the Technical Rules concerned with photo finish timing are correctly
interpreted and implemented;
 Provide the National Photo Finish Judge with the necessary guidance to perform his
duties properly.
3 Responsibilities of the International Photo Finish Judge (IPFJ)
3.1 Before the Competition
3.1.1 The IPFJ should visit the competition stadium one or two days before the
start of the event to meet the National Chief Photo Finish Judge (NPFJ) and
to ensure that everything is in order. It is very likely that the NPFJ may be
relatively inexperienced with the complexity of the timing equipment to be
used at the event. Together with the Timing Service Provider, the IPFJ should
ensure the NPFJ understands exactly how the equipment works.
3.1.2 Contact should be made with the Timing Service Provider, as an introduction
and to identify the person from the Provider who is in charge of that team. A
review of the duties being allocated to those members of the team should be
clearly undertaken by the IPFJ.
3.1.3 The IPFJ is to agree which camera shall be designated as “official” (Note to
Rule 165.20). Under normal circumstances, this will be the camera located
on the outside of the track. Where there are two cameras located on the
outside of the track it will be necessary for the IPFJ to decide which is to be
designated the “official” camera, leaving the second as a back-up. Naturally,
the IPFJ will review the images produced by both cameras, and consider the
ability of each camera to react to poor light conditions before identifying
which is to be the “official” one. The designated “official” camera should
always be used for determining the result unless it is clear that a problem
has developed, in which case the back-up camera should then be designated
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 Technical Delegates Guidelines

as official. Where possible, such change in camera status should only be

undertaken at the conclusion of a specific series of races of a particular
event.
3.1.4 The IPFJ will need to confirm whether the cameras in use have an automatic
iris adjustment and aligning function. During the Championships, there is a
wide range of lighting conditions between morning and evening session, the
latter likely to be under floodlights. If such an automatic function is not
available, then it will be necessary to enquire how accessible the cameras
are to enable manual adjustments to be made, other than during a complete
break in the competition sessions. The biggest problem may well lie with the
infield camera which, clearly, is not accessible for manual adjustment of
exposure or focus during the course of a session. As will be appreciated, the
key races in terms of media interest are likely to be held during the evening
session in adverse lighting conditions, coupled with strobing caused by the
artificial lighting. Every effort needs to be made to make the images
produced to be of the highest possible clarity.
3.1.5 Contact should be made with the representative of the Service Provider
responsible for the relaying of results from the terminal in the photo finish
room to determine what data will be needed to identify the finishing order of
the athletes. In races run in lanes, this is almost inevitably by the input of the
appropriate lane number. For events not finishing in lanes, the process
needs to be clearly identified.
If the draw order (and corresponding leg / hip number) is to be used there
needs to be a careful check that the numbers have been allocated correctly.
In Championships, it is perhaps unlikely that athletes will be sharing lanes
but in these instances there is always the chance that the athletes sharing
the lane have been allocated leg / hip numbers the wrong way round. The
Service Provider seldom seems to wish for the draw order to be utilised for
inputting other than in races run wholly in lanes.
If bib numbers or names are to be used for inputting, there is a greater
chance of misunderstanding of the digits called, possibly four in total, if the
Judge is not suitably fluent in the language being used.
3.1.6 Identify if there is any form of test event or rehearsals planned prior to the
first day of competition and attend such event together with the NPFJ. The
rehearsal event can often be a good indicator of the level of competence and
speed of decision-making by the NPFJ and may influence the level of support
which will need to be provided by the IPFJ during the actual competition.
3.1.7 If the photo finish system is assisted by an integrated video camera showing
the finish line from a head on position, the value of such camera in the
identification of athletes can be vital. As the cursor on the image on the read
computer is moved, the image from the video camera is advanced to the
same elapsed time automatically.
It is essential that the IPFJ checks that the video camera shows the finish
line at least as far out as lane 6 and that the image is suitably in focus. It is
also essential the IPFJ is alert to anything which might block the image in
the course of a finish. Judges, photographers and others may well not be
aware of the function of such a camera and may inadvertently stray into the
line of vision of that camera at a critical time during the finish of a middle
distance race.
The image from this camera should be made available for scrutiny in close
proximity to the screen showing the image from the main photo finish
camera.

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3.1.8 It is essential that the photo finish room is set out, as far as possible, with
the screens showing the image from the “official” and the infield camera in
close proximity to each other so that both may be reviewed quickly.
3.1.9 Attend, if possible, the first meeting of the National Judge(s) and the Service
Provider team.
3.1.10 Identify the level of communication and understanding of language between
the operators and the National Judge(s). If there are obvious language
difficulties then the degree of “supervision” by the IPFJ will be increased and
may necessitate a more active role in the decision making process and in the
transfer of the data to the computer operator by the IPFJ.
3.1.11 Agree with the Technical Delegate(s) what principle is to be adopted as far
as the confirmation of results is concerned. In general, the results will be
displayed on the stadium scoreboard before there is confirmation from the
track officials that the race is clear of potential infringements and possible
disqualifications. It is necessary that such results are indicated clearly to be
“unofficial” until such confirmation is received.
3.1.12 Agree with the NPFJ and the Service Provider at what time the zero control
tests shall be carried out. Ideally, keep the same time interval between the
test and the start of the first track event for all subsequent sessions, unless
there are unusual circumstances (i.e. the start of the Marathon on the track
at the time allotted or similar circumstances).
3.1.13 Agree with the Service Provider at what time prior to the first session of the
day the start and “run through” checks are to be carried out. Endeavour to
be present on each occasion that these checks are carried out and review
the results for uniformity of times between all of the cameras in use. (See
3.2.1)
3.1.14 Confirm with the NPFJ what procedure is in place to obtain from the Track
Referee that the race is clear of infringements and that the result can be
made “official”. Also, identify the process by which details of disqualifications
are to be notified to the NPFJ, including the relevant IAAF Rule number
under which the disqualification has been made. Identify if the finishing order
of athletes in middle-distances races is to be notified to the NPFJ by the
Track Referee. With video assisted photo finish systems and transponder
timing, this is less likely to be a concern.
3.1.15 Ensure that the finish line is marked in accordance with IAAF Rule 165.16.
3.2 During the Competition
3.2.1 The IPFJ should be present when the “run throughs” are carried out by the
Service Provider or request to inspect the images produced during the
checks which will normally be stored within the computer’s memory. Ensure
that those running through do so in lanes 1, 4 and 8. It is likely that the
Service Provider will have the cameras set to read to 1/1000th of a second.
Check the torso position to ensure that the track side clocks have not
produced a time which is faster than that identified from the image on the
screen. Ensure that comparable times are read from an easily identifiable
part of the body visible on the images from all cameras - distinct knee or foot
for example. Check the times produced on that part of the image on all
cameras. If times are comparable to within 1/1000th of a second in all three
lane positions, then it should be possible to read a time from the infield
camera, where the exact part of the torso is obscured on the “official”
camera, and the time position identified on the “official” image.

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 Technical Delegates Guidelines

If possible, check comparability of times between the cameras at different

positions on the athlete’s bodies – i.e. foot, chest, and prominent feature on
the head (nose perhaps) – to further ensure the perpendicular alignment of
the cameras in relation to the leading edge of the finish line.
3.2.2 Ensure that the zero gun control is taken on all cameras in use at a rate of
1000 lines per second, and preferably 2000 lines per second, and that the
time is read to a precision of at least 1/1000th of a second and preferably
1/10,000th of a second. Ensure in the case where ammunition is being used
that the cursor is not placed on any minor build up of smoke / flame which
would mark the “pre-burn” before the actual explosion producing the “gun
sound”. An electronic gun will produce a clear vertical flash. Check that the
resulting times correspond to the requirements of Rule 165.14.
Ensure that a photograph of the test from each camera for each session is
produced, suitably labelled and is retained by the IPFJ and given to the
Technical Delegates.
3.2.3 At an early stage in the first session, take the opportunity to check the
comparability of times for a given athlete on both the “official” and infield
camera and also between the “official” camera and any other being utilised
as a back-up.
3.2.4 Ensure that the Service Provider operator pressing the capture button
appreciates that in middle distance races once the winner has been recorded
the image of every athlete crossing the finishing line subsequently will need
to be captured whether finishing or not. The usual practice of recording on a
piece of paper either a “tick” or a “cross” as a record of whether a given
athlete has finished or is going on for another lap(s) is essential. Ensure that
this procedure is known by all parties and will be operational.
3.2.5 Ensure that the Judge making decisions is quite clear about what constitutes
the “torso” as far as photo finish is concerned. The exact location of the
border line between the upper arm / shoulder and the “torso” would vary
depending on the development of the upper body of an individual athlete and
would not therefore be totally consistent. Based on anatomy, however, we
can say that the endpoint of the torso is the outer end / articulation of the
collarbone (clavicle). Normally, this is approximately at the border of the
middle and outer third of the distance between the neck and the peak of the
shoulder.
In close finishes and in instances where the upper part of the athlete’s body
is twisted, ensure that the cursor is correctly aligned. The read computer
operator should wait for confirmation from the NPFJ as to the placing of the
cursor and the athlete’s number identity before sending the data.
3.2.6 Care should also be taken to ensure that the cursor is not placed on the
outside of the number bib where it seems likely that the torso is not in direct
contact with that leading section of the bib.
3.2.7 If there is an obvious very close finish, irrespective of the length of the race,
stop the operator from entering a competitor's number until it is confirmed
that one athlete is in a lead position. If the decision is finally made that there
has been a tie, ensure that the cursor is not moved whilst the numbers of the
two athletes are entered. Confirm that the results show an equal place and
also confirm that the operator from the results company is also aware of the
situation and has notified the results control room of that fact. It is essential
that the IPFJ be closely involved in the decision making process in the result
of key races – sprint finals in particular and in the positioning of the cursor
on the torso of any athlete equalling or improving on a world record time.

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3.2.8 In the case of events in which fastest losers progress, it is advisable to keep
a personal record of the performances of the leading performers likely to
qualify by time. If there is a situation in which there are more fastest losers
than are being sought, have the image of the athletes involved re-read to
1/1000th second. Arrange at the same time for a picture of those athletes to
be printed in case of an appeal to the Jury. (See also 3.2.9.)
Also, in deciding if there has been a tie for a ranking position in the seeding
for a subsequent round, consider the times to 1/1000th second.
3.2.9 In the case of a decision taken to 1/1000th of a second for a qualifying position
as a fastest loser or in the case of a close finish for a medal position, it is
desirable to arrange for an enlargement of the image(s) to be produced and
where possible to have it made available in the TIC where it can be inspected
by the Team Management of the country concerned prior to any decision
being taken about whether they should make a protest to the Jury. In the
case of time qualifications it is acceptable to produce photographs showing
times to 1/1000th second. Ensure that times read to 1/1000th of a second are
reported to the terminal operator within the photo finish room so that this
data can be included on the official result sheet relating to qualifiers.
3.2.10 Ensure in any events involving athletes with disabilities that the NPFJ is
familiar with the rules relating to these events:
i) In wheelchair events, that the position and timing is taken from the
leading edge of the axel of the front wheel of the chair.
ii) In the case of races for the blind, that the torso of the athlete reaches
the leading edge of the finish line in advance of the torso of the guide,
and that the two athletes are still linked by a cord or similar when the
line is reached.
3.2.11 If requested by the IAAF, ensure that arrangements are in place to record
the passage of the baton across the finish line for the first three legs in the
4x400m relay heats and subsequent rounds. Note that it is the position of the
baton which is to be recorded. As there is an accepted formula for converting
times on the first lap to an approximate 400m equivalent it would be
necessary to record each athlete reaching the finish line on the first leg even
though the athletes in lane 8, for example, will have run well short of the
prescribed 400m. Ideally, the infield camera should be used – as data
entered there will not be automatically transferred to the output to the
results computer. It is essential that a request is made at an early stage that
all athletes on all legs of the race should be wearing leg / hip numbers for
easy identification in this process. The completed data should be passed to
the IAAF Competitions Department.
3.2.12 National and other records will usually be identified on the official result
sheet which should be obtained for each race from the results computer
operator. It is desirable that where such a record(s) is identified a
photograph is produced and passed through to the Technical Information
Centre for distribution to the relevant country. In the case of an Area Record,
then two copies of that photograph need to be produced. Similarly, for World
Record performances, three copies of the photograph should be produced.
3.2.13 If requested by the governing body, ensure a digital or hard copy of the
photograph showing all of the athletes finishing the race are produced. This
will serve as the official result to be passed to the governing body at the end
of the competition.

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 Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.2.14 Ensure that the NPFJ has appointed an official to identify both athletes not
appearing at the start of an event and any who drop out in the course of the
race. It is essential that a careful check is made that these athletes are
accurately recorded on the result as DNS or DNF as appropriate.
3.2.15 At the end of each session endeavour to ensure that the NPFJ remains in the
vicinity of the photo finish room until after the time allotted for protests
following the last event of that session has passed, and that the photo finish
reading computer remains fully operational until this time has elapsed (Rule
146.2).
3.3 After the Competition
The IPFJ shall complete the report form as provided by the IAAF.
This will include an assessment of the NPFJ and the potential of that official to be
considered in the future as a member of the IPFJ Panel.
3.4 Indoor Competitions
Whilst almost all of the above can be considered relevant to indoor competitions there
are perhaps a couple of areas where circumstances may be deemed to be materially
different.
3.4.1 Camera Location
At indoor facilities there is unlikely to be a camera located within the inside of
the track. Normally the camera(s) will be located outside the track on each side.
This gives the IPFJ the possible option of identifying either camera position as
providing the “official” image to be used for reading. This will be clearly
determined by the quality of the image produced by two (or more) cameras.
3.4.2 Lighting Output
Under normal circumstances the lighting conditions on indoor tracks will not
alter in the course of the day unless there is natural light available from above
or from side windows which will influence the general lighting conditions.
Attempt to ensure during a preliminary visit that the light output on the finish
lines is satisfactory.
Bear in mind that artificial lighting can take a considerable time to reach
optimum output levels. Beware of an opening ceremony during which the lights
are to be turned off or dimmed. It could be up to 30 minutes before the main
lights are back to optimum output levels.
Access to camera positions in indoor facilities may be difficult and the need for
automatic iris control becomes highly desirable in order to compensate for
lower levels of light intensity until the normal level of output has been restored.
Additionally, it is likely that strobing across the image will be a problem
throughout the indoor event, as it is outdoors once the main stadium floodlights
are in operation.

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Appendix C Technical Delegates Guidelines

THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL STARTER

1 Introduction and Background

1.1 The need to improve the quality and consistency of the starters’ performances during
major IAAF competitions prompted the IAAF Council to accept the initiative of
establishing a Panel from which International Starters would be appointed. This
proposal was approved as a rule change by the 2005 Helsinki Congress.
This initiative is now written into the technical rules and regulations of the IAAF. Rule
118 includes reference to the position and responsibilities of an International Starter:-
‘At all competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f) held in the stadium, an
International Starter ... shall be appointed… by IAAF or the relevant Area Association.
The International Starter shall start the races (and undertake any other duties)
assigned to him by the Technical Delegate(s)’

1.2 In order to implement Rule 118, a Panel of International Starters has been formed.
Appointments are made by the IAAF Council to designated World Athletic Series
competitions from this panel.
1.3 The deployment of the International Starter is intended to:
 Add a consistent approach to the start process at all major meetings
 Ensure the current technical rules concerned with starts are correctly interpreted
and implemented at all major competitions
 Influence the organisation and practice at starts around the world
 Enhance the way in which the image of the sport is presented.
1.4 IAAF Starting Guidelines have been developed intended to give the members of the
International Starters Panel, the IAAF and Organising Committees a clear
understanding of:
 Rules interpretation
 Rules implementation
 Operational procedures
 Problem solving skills

2 Becoming an International Starter

2.1 An international starter has to be able to demonstrate a consistent approach to all of the
technical requirements of the role of starter. In addition, there are several desirable
technical and personal characteristics applicable to candidates for the role. These include,
 Exemplary record as a starter at a high level of competition
 A thorough knowledge of the current rules, the relevant technology and their
application
 An open, flexible approach to working with officials from other nations
 Experience of officiating outside of their own national system
 A relevant command of English
 Some experience of developing, mentoring or training other starters
 A comprehensive knowledge of the delivery structure of IAAF regulated meetings,
particularly the relationship to the Technical Delegate.

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Technical Delegates Guidelines

2.2 Candidates are proposed as follows;

 Previous Experience as Chief Starter at an IAAF World Championships or Olympic
Games in the past four years.
 Recommendation by the International Starter from experience at the event
indicated above
 Previous experience as a member of the International Starters Panel.
 Recommendation by the IAAF Technical Delegates from events as an International
Starter.
2.3 It is strongly recommended that regional governing bodies look to develop an area panel
of international starters who will work at all area level events. This would create a natural
progression for starters to move forward to global events based on performance and
experience. This approach will also improve starting and implement an agreed standard
across the world.
2.4 Detailed “Terms of Reference ‘, outlining the selection, training, appointment, deployment
and evaluation of International Starters have been prepared by the IAAF.

3 Deployment of the International Starter

3.1 The International Starter will take direction about his duties from the IAAF appointed
Technical Delegates for the meeting. Understandably, there is a significant need for
the deployment of the International Starter to be handled efficiently, in partnership
with the LOC, in an atmosphere of development rather than implied deficiency. The
Technical Delegates and the International Starter will agree in advance of the meeting
on which events the International Starter will start. During the course of the meeting,
however, these events can change, if deemed necessary by the International Starter
and Technical Delegates.
3.2 The LOC will be informed of the International Starter’s appointment normally within
one year in advance of the event. Once the LOC is informed of the nomination of the
International Starter, they will be requested to include the appointed International
Starter as one of the start team. The appointed Start Coordinator will include the
International Starter in the whole range of duties but especially the starts of the events
identified in 3.1 above.
3.3 The timescale for deployment should allow total familiarisation for the meeting and
all relevant briefings to take place. A desirable programme would ensure that;
 The International Starter visits the stadium at least the day before the start of
the meeting
 When appropriate, the international starter should be included in any ‘test
event’ team.
 During that lead in period, the International Starter can liaise with the company
providing and installing the false start equipment. That liaison will include
positioning and operating procedures for technicians.
 The International Starter will ensure the installation is correct and the
equipment is operating reliably and correctly.
 The International Starter will meet with the whole of the start team and be part
of their briefing sessions, identifying:
o general patterns of work for that country
o specific duties for each team member
o role of the international starter
o finalising and agreeing exact interpretations of the IAAF Rules

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 Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.4 The International Starter should be present at any meetings that the Technical
Delegates deem it is useful for him to attend.
 The International Starter can brief the Technical Delegates about the starting
arrangements and competencies before the meeting commences.
 The International Starter can begin to develop a strategy for cooperation with the
nationally appointed team members.
 The International Starter, in cooperation and agreement with the Technical
Delegates, can amend local practices that do not meet IAAF requirements.
3.5 The implementation of this coordinated approach:
 Ensures a consistent, cross-referenced approach to the deployment of an
International Starter
 Allows the Technical Delegates to have advanced, confidential discussions
with the International Starter about the specific needs of the meeting in a
particular national environment (this will vary by nation).
 Has the potential for the International Starter to be in communication with his
start team colleagues well before the event.
 If it is deemed necessary, enables the international starter should be able to
deliver some level of training and instruction to the home nation team. In
doing so good practice is understood and well established.
 Positions the International Starter as part of the team and enables him to
support local officials and report subsequently on performance.
 Enables improvement and development needs in a host nation’s starting
practice to be identified.

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Appendix D Technical Delegates Guidelines

IAAF STARTING GUIDELINES

1 Introduction
The need to improve the quality and consistency of the starters’ performances during major
IAAF competitions prompted the IAAF Council to take initiatives establishing a Panel from
which International Starters for major international competitions would be appointed and the
development of these Guidelines which have the purpose of explaining a standardised starting
procedure and thereby developing worldwide consistency in the way the start process is
managed.
It is recommended that Member Federations adopt these Guidelines for the organisation of
their own athletics competitions, thereby adding to the global improvement and practice of
starting procedures.
2 International Starters’ Panel
2.1 The IAAF Council approved the introduction of an International Starters’ Panel at the 2005
Helsinki Congress and Rule 118 now includes reference to the position and responsibilities
of an International Starter.
2.2 A Panel of International Starters has been formed and appointments are made by the IAAF
to designated IAAF competitions from this Panel. All of the nominated International
Starters have attended a workshop conducted by the IAAF in Valencia in March 2008.
2.3 The appointed International Starter should be included by the LOC as a full member of the
Starting Team and included in the whole range of starting duties. The International Starter
will take direction about his duties from the IAAF appointed Technical Delegates for the
meeting. By being part of the team and performing a range of duties, the International
Starter will be better placed to support local officials and report subsequently on
performance.
2.4 The deployment of the International Starter is intended to:
 Add a consistent approach to the start process at all major competitions.
 Ensure the current Technical Rules concerned with starts are correctly interpreted and
implemented at all major competitions.
 Influence the organisation and practice at starts around the world.
 Enhance the way in which the image of the sport is presented.
3 Structure and Organisation of the Starting Team
3.1 Rules 129.1 and 129.7 give responsibility for the organisation and management of the
starting team to a Start Coordinator. His role is crucial to the smooth running of the units
that make up the starting team and the accurate, consistent implementation of the
Technical Rules.
The duties of a Start Coordinator are to:
 Allocate duties to team members (the duties of the International Starter, will be
allocated under the direction of the Technical Delegates, in consultation with the Start
Coordinator).
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Technical Delegates Guidelines

 Control and manage the start process.

 Plan the position and movements at the start area of the Starter, Recallers and
Starter’s Assistants.
 Be the link to the Competition Management and the Photo Finish Judges, Timekeepers,
Finish Judges, Wind Gauge Operator and, where appropriate, the television staff.
 Keep the competition to time by working efficiently with the team and all other parties.
 Be the link to the providers of the automatic false start equipment and other technology
used for the start procedures and determine the operational protocols with those
providers.
 Keep all relevant paperwork.
 Ensure Rule 162.8 is observed and followed.
There are two distinct ways that the role can be implemented:
 The Start Coordinator is a supervisory official who manages all aspects of the start
process. He should be a senior starter with significant experience but he never starts a
race when in the Start Coordinator’s role.
 The Start Coordinator continues to implement his managerial role but also acts as the
senior starter, thus giving an added dimension of expertise to the team’s contributions.
If the first method is used, three (3) Starters per race will be required. If the second method
is in operation, then only two (2) other Starters need to be appointed per race.
In this case, the duties of the Start Coordinator will be taken by another team member for
the events the Start Coordinator is starting.
The same starter should start all rounds of the same event and must start all heats within
a round.
3.2 The Starter remains the key person in the starting process. His judgement, supported by
any available technology and the start team, is crucial.
The Starter must ensure that:
 All athletes have a fair start within the rules of the competition, specifically Rules 129.2,
129.3 and 129.6.
 He is the sole decision maker regarding false starts including occasions when an
offence has been committed and the race is recalled by any member of the start team.
Consultation between team members on such decisions is vital. Such consultation
should be done as quickly as possible in order to start the race without undue delay.
 He is positioned so that he can see all athletes in a similar, narrow angle of vision.
 The false start equipment control module is positioned close to him.
 His commands are heard simultaneously by all athletes (in all major competitions this
should be assured by the use of a high quality sound system).
 He personally consults the information produced by the false start equipment and use
that to confirm a false start.
3.3 The Recaller(s) are deployed to specific positions to give an alternative and enhanced view
of a race start. Their role is to support the starter and identify any offence or technical fault
at a start that the Starter may not have observed.
If there is any doubt about the legality or fairness of the start, the Recaller must recall the
race. Discussions within the team will determine the subsequent action (if any). After due
deliberation, the starter will decide if an offence has occurred.

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3.4 Starters’ Assistants play an important role in the management of the athletes, particularly
in the preparation for the race. They must ensure that Rules 130 and 162.8 are fully
implemented and check that:
 Athletes are in the correct heat and lane.
 Bib number and hip number identification are correct and correspond with the start
list.
 The use of starting blocks is legal as defined in Rule 161.
 Batons are ready for relay races.
Furthermore, they must ensure that:
 Rules 162.3 and 162.4 are observed.
 Athletes assemble correctly before the Starter takes control of the start.
 Correct warnings are given and that all athletes understand the condition under which
subsequent starts will occur i.e. the recall did not warrant a warning (green card
shown) or a disqualification has been made (red card shown) or a warning was for a
specific conduct offence for one athlete in the race (yellow card shown by the Start
Referee) or in the case of Combined Events, the next false start will accrue a
disqualification (yellow card shown to all athletes).
 Any disqualified athlete immediately leaves the area of competition. If necessary,
ensure the athlete is escorted from the area.
3.5 The Start Referee plays an important role at all starts. Rule 125.2 requires the appointment
of a “Track Referee” to oversee the start area. The appointed person should be a specialist
and experienced starter. Thus basing his observations on a technically sound background.
The Start Referee fulfils several obligations, specifically he:
 Is not a member of the start team.
 Works alongside the start team.
 Does not interfere or comment on starts, except when issues need addressing.
 Is required to keep an accurate record of all starts.
 Ensures the Start Coordinator carries out an initial check of the false start equipment
and a zero gun test.
 Monitors the operation of false start equipment.
 Communicates with athletes only as a result of an official protest about a start or a
warning/disqualification. In this context and in accordance with Rule 146.4(a), the Start
Referee can allow an athlete, who immediately protests, to run the race, subject to the
protest being considered afterwards.
 Imposes and notifies the imposition to the athletes of a “disciplinary” warning. The
Start Referee must also be aware of any previous disciplinary warnings given to
athletes.
If the false start equipment correctly indicates a false start, the Start Referee may not allow
a “run under protest”. If, however, the false start equipment indicates an illegal start and
there is good reason to suggest the information is inaccurate, or there is an equipment
malfunction, a run under protest may be allowed. Other irregularities at the start can merit
an “allowable protest” i.e. blocks slipping or crowd disturbance.
3.6 The success of a good start procedure depends on how the team works together and
ensures that the process is efficient, fair and within the relevant rules for competition. The
team should know the role they are all playing. They should understand the signals they

IAAF | Starting Guidelines – April 2010 3

Technical Delegates Guidelines

are to use and what they indicate and, above all, they should relay all information they have
to each other to ensure the start is conducted fairly.
4 Team Positioning
4.1 How the members of the team work together is crucial. The Start Coordinator must ensure
that all team members know their role and assume positions that allow them to implement
the Rules.
4.2 Ideally, there should be three (3) Starters per race. One will take up a position in which he
has a clear view of all athletes. He is the Starter. The other two (2) will act as Recallers
and position themselves as allocated to oversee assigned lanes (usually from different
angles of vision from the Starter). The team of three will rotate through those duties
throughout a competition.
For the 4x400m Relays, it is recommended to use three (3) Recallers.
4.3 The Starter’s Assistants will position themselves, in good time before the first command,
to ensure a clear view of the position athletes take before and during the start procedure.
In practice, this will require at least three (3) people – one to observe front line positions
and two to watch for rear infringements concerned with foot contacts on starting blocks
(Rule 162.4).
In races which start on the curve (200m, 400m, 800m), the Starter’s Assistants should be
positioned on the outside of the track.
In races which do not start in lanes (over 800m), the Starter’s Assistant should check that
the athletes are placed about 3m behind the start line and in the correct order. Once
confirmed the athletes are ready, the Starter’s Assistant should then move outside the
track.
5 The Start
5.1 In events up to and including 400m, on receipt of the agreed signals that all parties
(athletes, Photo Finish Judges, Competition Management, the timing company, track
officials and Host Broadcaster) are ready, the Start Coordinator will inform the Starter to
issue the first command – “On your marks”. When all athletes are clearly settled, legally
positioned (as indicated by the Starter’s Assistants) and still, the Starter will issue the
second command – “Set”. When the athletes have all assumed their final set position, and
are steady, the gun will be fired.
In events of 800m and over, once the athletes have all assumed their final position after the
“On your marks” command, and are steady, the gun will be fired.
5.2 There is no perfect holding time in the set position. In reality, there must be a discernible
hold to ensure all athletes are steady and in the correct starting position.
The Starter must stop a race if:
 An athlete, after assuming a full and final set position, commences his start before
receiving the report of the gun (Rule 162.6).
 He receives a signal from the false start equipment.
 Any Recaller observes an irregularity with a start.
The reference in Rule 162.9 to a fair start does not relate solely to cases of a false start.
This rule should also be interpreted as applying to other situations such as blocks slipping,
a foreign object interfering with one or more athletes during a start, etc.

4 – IAAF Starting Guidelines – April 2010

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

In addition, not all movements in the “set” position are to be regarded as “commencing the
start” and thereby potentially leading to a false start. Such instances should be dealt with
either by standing the field up or in serious cases, invoking the disciplinary provisions.
Starters and Referees should avoid being over-zealous in the application of the “zero false
start rule” to those events not started from a crouch start, i.e. for events longer than 400m.
Athletes starting races in a standing position are more prone to genuinely over-balance
than those starting from a crouch position.
If an athlete were pushed or jostled over the line before the start, he should not be
penalised. (However if the action was considered wilful / deliberate, the “pusher” might be
subject to a disciplinary warning or disqualification.) If such a movement was considered
to be accidental, starters and referees are encouraged to first consider calling the start
“unsteady” before taking any more severe action.
Repeat practices during the same event may, of course, entitle the Starter and/or Referee
to consider applying either the false start or disciplinary procedures, as might best be
applicable in the situation.
5.3 In theory, a Starter can award a false start to several athletes if it is indicated that their
movement was more or less simultaneous. Otherwise, the false start must go to the athlete
indicated as making the first movement. (See note to Rule 162.8)
In all cases, the team must:
 Consider all evidence readily available including the false start equipment analysis.
 Show the correct coloured warning cards to demonstrate the decision.
5.4 The Starter shall abort the start if in his judgement an athlete causes the start to be
aborted, i.e., by holding up his hand or standing / sitting up, deliberately delays in response
to the commands or moves or makes noise after the athletes have settled into the “on your
marks” or “set” position thus disturbing the concentration of fellow athletes. In these
cases, the Start Referee may award a personal warning (for improper conduct) to that
athlete and he will be shown a yellow card (or red card in the case of a second disciplinary
offence in that competition) followed by a green card for all. The Start Referee must be
satisfied that the athlete’s action was not justified by an acceptable reason i.e. crowd noise,
block movement or external interruption. In this case, all athletes will be shown a green
card by a Starter’s Assistant.
5.5 When considering protests, the Start Referee’s judgement is crucial.
The Referee must:
 Allow athletes to “run under protest” (Rule 146.4(a)) if an irregularity is suspected in
the award of a false start. No protest will be allowed if the false start equipment is
working correctly and a false start has been indicated.
 Retrospectively disqualify an athlete (Rule 162.7) when a race is completed, a protest
is lodged about the start and an offence has been committed. The false start equipment
(where available) must be considered.
 In the need for justice, declare a race void and order a re-run when the false start
detection system is faulty and a false start appears to have been committed.
 When no false start equipment is in place, make his own judgement on the legality of a
start. This adds greater importance to the background of the Start Referee as an
experienced starter.

IAAF | Starting Guidelines – April 2010 5

Technical Delegates Guidelines

6 – IAAF Starting Guidelines – April 2010

Appendix E
Technical Delegates Guidelines

IAAF INFIELD MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES

Introduction

Ensuring a clean, unobstructed and properly functioning infield has become paramount in how
athletics is presented and viewed. It is in the best interests of everyone including athletes,
spectators, television viewers, host broadcasters, photographers and officials to ensure the
minimum number of people are on the infield, and the main attraction, the athletes and the
competition, are able to be seen and highlighted in an unobstructed manner.
The IAAF has set a goal to keep the number of working people infield to the most efficient number
and will work closely with the LOC, Host Broadcaster, technical partners and officials in
determining the layout of the field of play.
Any person required to be infield must ensure that they are only infield for as long as they need to
perform their duty.
The following are general guidelines to be used by the LOC in planning the number of officials at
the IAAF World Championships, Continental Cup, World Youth and World Junior Championships.
Final numbers and positioning should be discussed and agreed with the respective Technical
Delegates.

Recommended Number of Officials Infield

IAAF World Championships, World Junior and World Youth Championships

1. GENERAL
1 Technical Management Team (moving on and off field as required)
1 Marshall
3 Assistant Marshalls
2. TRACK EVENTS
1 Start Referee
1 Start Coordinator
1 Starter (for each event)
2-3 Starters Assistants
2 Recall Starters
3 Judges/Lap Scorers (3 additional for events of over 1500m)
10 Umpires (for hurdles only – additional can be outside FOP for 400m Hurdles)
12 Umpires (for relays only – additional can be outside FOP)
6 Umpires (for each bend in circular races – additional can be outside FOP)
1 Wind Gauge Operator (if not automatic)
1 ITO
Notes: Track Referee(s) and Chief Track Judge/Umpire should generally operate
outside the Field of Play.

IAAF | Infield Management Guidelines – June 2011 1

Technical Delegates Guidelines

3. FIELD EVENTS
High Jump (7)
1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags) – also placing bar and measuring
1 Bar Judge – also placing bar and assisting with measuring
1 Recorder
1 Time Clock Judge - operating clock for trial attempt and next athlete board
1 Athlete Control Judge
Pole Vault (8)
1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags) – also measuring
2 Bar Judges – placing bar, uprights, catching poles and assisting with measuring
1 Recorder – also recording bar positions
1 Time Clock Judge - operating clock for trial attempt and next athlete board
1 Athlete Control Judge
Long and Triple Jump (11)
1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags)
1 Judge (with spike/prism to mark break in landing area)
1 Judge (to control plasticine board)*
1 Recorder
1 Time Clock Judge – also operating next athlete board
1 Wind Gauge Operator
1 Athlete Control Judge
2 Assistant Judges (for levelling sand)
*To be positioned outside field of play whenever possible
Shot Put (9)
1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags)
1 Judge - to judge other side of circle and operate time clock
1 Recorder - also operating next athlete board
2 Judges - for landing and to place spike/prism
1 Judge (to place implement on the rack and record implement used)
1 Athlete Control Judge
Discus Throw (12)
1 Referee
2 ITOs (one in landing area, one by take-off line)
1 Chief Judge (with flags)
1 Judge (to judge other side of circle)
1 Judge (to judge back or circle and operate time clock)
1 Recorder - also operating next athlete board
3 Judges (for landing: one to mark location, one to place spike, one to return
implements)
1 Judge (to place implement on the rack and record implement used)
1 Athlete Control Judge – also to place and issue implements from rack

2 – IAAF Infield Management Guidelines – June 2011

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

Hammer Throw (11)

1 Referee
2 ITOs (one in landing area, one by circle)
1 Chief Judge (with flags)
1 Judge (to judge other side of circle)
1 Judge (to judge back of circle and operate time clock)
1 Recorder - also operating next athlete board
2 Judges (for landing: one to place spike/prism, one to return implements)
1 Judge (to place implement on the rack and record implement used)
1 Athlete Control Judge
Javelin Throw (10)
1 Referee
2 ITOs (one in landing area, one by take-off line)
1 Chief Judge (with flags)
1 Judge (to judge other side of runway and also operating time clock)
1 Recorder (also operating next athlete board)
2 Judges (for landing: one to place spike, one to return implements)
1 Judge (to place implement on the rack and record implement used)
1 Athlete Control Judge

A) Ideally, the person(s) operating the implement retriever vehicle when used, should be
located outside the field of play with a clear and unobstructed view. If this is not
possible, they must be seated infield.

B) Equipment for each field event should normally be set up prior to the session and taken
down after the session.

4. SECTOR LAY OUT FOR THROWING EVENTS

The landing sectors for throwing events should be laid out according to the following
guidelines:
 Qualification rounds - one yellow arc at qualifying mark and one white reference
mark.
 Finals - 2 white arcs at distances such that:
- 20% of throws land before the shortest arc
- 60% of throws land between the two arcs
- 20% of throws land beyond the furthest arc
Intervals of the arcs for Shot Put should be 2 metres.
Intervals for all other Throwing Events should be 10 metres.

IAAF | Infield Management Guidelines – June 2011 3

Technical Delegates Guidelines

Recommended Number of Officials Infield

IAAF World Indoor Championships

Ensuring a clean, unobstructed and properly functioning infield has become paramount in how
athletics is presented and viewed. It is in the best interests of everyone including athletes,
spectators, television viewers, host broadcasters, photographers and officials to ensure the
minimum number of people are on the infield, and the main attraction, the athletes, are able to
be seen and highlighted in an unobstructed manner.
The IAAF has set a goal to keep the number of working people infield to the most efficient
number and will work closely with the LOC, host broadcaster, technical partners and officials in
determining the layout of the field of play.
Any person required to be infield must ensure that they are only infield for as long as they need
to perform their duty.
The following are general guidelines to be used by the LOC in planning the number of officials at
the IAAF World Indoor Championships. Final numbers and positioning should be discussed and
agreed with the respective Technical Delegates.

1. GENERAL
1 Marshall
3 Marshall Assistants (control of crossing High Jump/Long Jump - 60 m races)

2. TRACK EVENTS
1 Start Referee
1 Start Coordinator
1 Starter (for each event)
2 Starters Assistants
2 Recallers
2 Judges (acting also as lap recorders when appropriate)
5 Umpires (only during hurdles races)
2 Umpires (only during relay races)
1 ITO for start and races (positioned if possible outside or if inside in the 8th lane)
Note 1 Referee(s) and Chief Judge should be positioned outside the oval track.
Note 2 Starter & Start Coordinator should be positioned outside the oval track.
Note 3 Umpires for races on the oval track must be located outside the track.

3. FIELD EVENTS
High Jump (7)
1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags) – also placing bar and measuring
1 Bar Judge – also placing bar and assisting with measuring
1 Recorder – also operating time clock and next athlete board
1 Time Clock Judge – operating clock for trial attempt and next athlete board
1 Athlete Control Judge

4 – IAAF Infield Management Guidelines – June 2011

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

Pole Vault (8)

1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags) – also measuring
2 Bar Judges – placing bar, uprights, catching poles and assisting with measuring
1 Recorder – also recording bar positions
1 Time Clock Judge - operating clock for trial attempt and next athlete board
1 Athlete Control Judge

Long and Triple Jump (11)

1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags)
1 Judge (with spike/prism to mark break in landing area)
1 Judge (to control plasticine board)*
1 Recorder
1 Time Clock Judge – also operating next athlete board
1 Wind Gauge Operator
1 Athlete Control Judge
3 Assistant Judges (for levelling sand)
*To be positioned outside field of play whenever possible

Shot Put (9)

1 Referee
1 ITO
1 Chief Judge (with flags)
1 Judge - to judge other side of circle and operate time clock
1 Recorder - also operating next athlete board
2 Judges - for landing and to place spike/prism
1 Judge (to place implement on the rack and record implement used)
1 Athlete Control Judge – also to place and issue implements from rack

A) Equipment for each field event should normally be set up prior to the session and taken
down after the session.

4. SECTOR LAY OUT FOR THROWING EVENTS

The landing sectors for Shot Put should be laid out according to the following guidelines:
 Qualification rounds - one yellow arc at qualifying mark and one white reference
mark
 Finals - 2 white arcs at distances such that:
- 20% of throws land before the shortest arc
- 60% of throws land between the two arcs
- 20% of throws land beyond the furthest arc
Intervals of the arcs for Shot Put should be 2 metres.

IAAF | Infield Management Guidelines – June 2011 5

Appendix F

IAAF HEADQUARTERS ORGANISATIONAL CHART

General Secretary

General Secretariat

Finance & Medical/ Development & Technology &

Broadcasting Communications Competitions
Administration Anti-Doping Member Relations Information

IAAF | Headquarters Organisational Chart

Appendix G Technical Delegates Guidelines

COMPETITIONS DEPARTMENT REPORT FORM

Following the event to which the Technical Delegate(s) was assigned, specific feedback is required
which will form part of the IAAF Post Event Report. The Technical Delegates’ Report will be
included in the overall IAAF Competitions Department Report. The Technical Delegates are
requested to provide feedback on the specific areas indicated below. In addition, any other
comments and/or recommendations are welcome.

Content Suggested Technical Delegates’ Input

1. Preparation and General Organisation

LOC Competitions Division Structure Comment on the structure if it did not work
1.1
properly and any recommendations

1.2 Preparation (site visits, test events, Comment on any matters of significance as well
communication) as on the cooperation of the LOC

1.3 Schedule of Pre-event activities and meetings

2. Entries and Participation

2.1 Final Participation

2.2 Final Entries Summary

2.3 Preliminary Entries Summary

2.4 Comparison between entries and participation

2.5 Final Participation by Event

2.6 Final Participation by Entry Standard

3. Facilities

3.1 Stadium Comment on any problems encountered and

recommendations
- Type of track surface
- Number of Lanes
- Include Field of Play layout diagrams
3.2 Marathon/Race Walk Courses
- Brief description of courses (start and
finish location, length of loop)
- Include map of courses

IAAF | Competition Department Report Form – June 2011 1

Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.3 Warm-up Area

- Proximity to main stadium
- Facilities
3.4 Training Facilities
- Indicate by name and facilities provided
3.5 Call Room Procedures
- Operations of CR1 and CR2
3.6 Coaching Zones
- Ticket or pass
3.7 Competition Equipment Comment on any problems encountered with the
technical equipment
- List provided by Mondo
3.8 Implements
- Official List
- Usage Statistics

4. Competition Information

4.1 Team Manual

- Draft prepared by IAAF
- date of web-posting
- distribution on site
4.2 Orientation Visits
- list dates, number of attendees

4.3 Technical Meeting Comment on the organisation, conduct and on any

major issues arising.
- Date, time, location
- Number in Attendance
4.4 TIC & CIDs
- Location
- Opening Hours
4.5 Special Passes
- Summary of special passes and
documents distributed to each team

5. Conduct of the Competition

5.1 Final Entries and Final Confirmations Comment on any issues relating to the
submission of Final Entries and the confirmation
of participating athletes.

5.2 Timetable Provide details on any changes that required an

increase or decrease in the number of rounds and
- Final Timetable
heats scheduled or any other significant changes
- List of amendments
made and the reasons for doing so.

5.3 Field Event Duration (include chart) Any comments affecting duration of events

2 – IAAF Competition Department Report Form – June 2011

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

5.4 Officiating

5.4.1 International Competition Officials The Technical Delegate and the IAAF
Competitions Director are to provide an evaluation
- Report of the Chief ITO
of;
- Report of the International Starter
- Report of the International Photo Finish - the Chief ITO
Judge - the International Starter
- Report of the Chief Race Walking Judge - the International Photo Finish Judge
- the Chief Race Walking Judge
Templates to be provided

5.4.2 National Technical Officials Comment on the preparation and conduct of the
National Technical Officials
- Number and positions
- Preparation (training, seminars, etc.)
5.5 Event Presentation
- Name of person or company responsible
for Event Presentation
- Note any innovations
6. Appeals to the Jury

6.1 Summary of Appeals to the Jury

6.2 Video recording procedures

- Number of feeds
- Comments/Recommendations
7. Technical Services

7.1 Timing Comment on any issues arising and provide any

recommendations.
- Report of Timing Company (template)
- Comments/Recommendations
7.2 Results Comment on any issues arising and provide any
recommendations.
- Report of Results Company (template)
- Comments/Recommendations
7.3 Bib and Hip Numbers
- Include Order
- Special arrangements (name on front,
coloured bibs, etc.)
- Comments/recommendations
8. General Comments and Recommendations Provide any further comments or
recommendations if required

IAAF | Competition Department Report Form – June 2011 3

Appendix H

SAMPLE SITE VISIT AGENDA

IAAF World Championships in Athletics

1. Introductions and Welcome

2. Competition Venue – Stadium

- See Checklist
3. Road Events
a. Marathon Course
b. Race Walk Course
4. Training Sites
a. Number
b. Location
c. Allocation by Discipline
5. Competition Timetable
a. IAAF Guidelines
b. Start and finish times of sessions
c. Distribution of events per session
d. Events start times
e. Medal Ceremonies
6. Equipment and Implements
a. Equipment provider
b. Equipment set up
c. Official List of implements and quantities required
d. Use and checking of personal implements
7. Timing, Measurement and Results Services
a. Service Providers
b. Requirements from LOC
c. Specific issues
8. Entries
a. Preliminary Entries
b. Final Entries
c. Final Confirmations
d. Relay Confirmations
9. Technical Meeting
a. Location and time
b. Attendance
c. Agenda
d. Questions for Technical Meeting (distribution of forms)
e. Start List (Production, Copy and Distribution)
f. Distribution of Bib Numbers
g. Special Passes (field events, warm-up area, etc.)
h. Teams’ Stadium Inspection
10. Technical Information Centre (TIC) and Competition Information Desk (CID)
a. Location
b. Functions
c. Opening period and times of operation

IAAF | Site Visit Agenda – July 2011 1

Technical Delegates Guidelines

11. Competition Procedures

a. Athletes’ Bibs printing and distribution
b. Call Times
c. Protests and Appeals
d. Jury Secretary
12. Officiating
a. International Technical Officials and Delegates
b. Appointment and functions
c. National Technical Officials
d. Officiating level
e. Training programme
f. Event management protocols
g. Event Presentation
13. Video Recording
a. Requirements
b. Operation
c. Recording
d. Review
14. Ceremonies
a. Opening
b. Closing
c. Medal
15. Team Manual
a. Production deadlines
b. Publication
c. Circulation to Teams
16. Logistics
a. Accommodation for teams
b. Subsidised and non-subsidised officials
c. Meals (menus and times)
d. Transportation plan for
e. Arrival at airport
f. Competition
g. Training
h. Vaulting poles
17. Accreditation for Teams
a. Location of Teams’ Accreditation Centre
b. Procedures upon arrival
c. Personal coaches accreditation
18. Test Events
a. Dates
b. Formats
c. Attendance
19. Other Matters
a. Visas
b. Team Attachés
c. Future visits

2 – IAAF Site Visit Agenda – July 2011

Appendix I

SITE VISIT CHECKLIST

The following is a list of areas which Technical Delegates can be expected to check:

1. Warm Up Area
1.1. Athlete Drop Off Zone
1.2. Medical Areas
1.3. Weight Training Facilities
1.4. Track and Field Event Facilities
1.5. Toilets and Change Rooms
1.6. Shelters and Massage Areas
2. First Call Room
2.1. Call Board and Public Address System
2.2. Call Room Location and Configuration
3. Final Call Room
3.1. Location and Configuration
3.2. Final Warm Up Facilities
3.3. Toilets
4. Competition Venue
4.1. Track and Field Event Facilities
4.2. Fixed Equipment (take off board, throwing circles, stop boards, pole vault boxes)
4.3. Equipment Storage and Access to Field of Play
4.4. Field Event Coaches Seats
4.5. Team Seating Area
5. Mixed Zone
5.1. Location and Configuration
5.2. Access and Flow
6. Post Event Area
6.1. Location and Configuration
6.2. Access from Mixed Zone
6.3. Team Official Access
7. Medical Centre
7.1. Location
7.2. Access to/from Field of Play
7.3. Ambulance Access
8. Doping Control Station
8.1. Location
8.2. Access
9. Medal Ceremonies
9.1. Location of Podium
9.2. Location of Ceremony Preparation Area
9.3. VIP and Athlete Access
10. Competition Management Offices
10.1. Competition Manager’s Office
10.2. Secretariat
10.3. Competition Director’s Booth
10.4. Implements Checking Room

IAAF | Site Visit Checklist – July 2011 1

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

11. Technical Information Centre

11.1. Location
11.2. Team Access
11.3. Print Distribution (Start Lists and Results)
11.4. Notice Boards (Results)
12. Technical Video Service
12.1. Location
12.2. Operation
13. IAAF Rooms
13.1. Secretariat
13.2. Meeting Room
13.3. Technical Delegates’ Office
13.4. Competitions Department Office
13.5. Statistician’s Office
13.6. Jury of Appeal Room
14. Event Presentation
14.1. Studio
14.2. Announcers Booth
14.3. Video Board and Scoreboard operations
14.4. Public Address System
15. Timing and Results Service Providers
15.1. Photo-finish Timing Room
15.2. Competition Data Management Room
15.3. Seeding Room
15.4. Equipment Storage
15.5. Workshop
16. Technical Officials
16.1. ITOs’ Room
16.2. International Race Walking Judges’ Room
16.3. National Technical Officials’ Room
17. Seating
17.1. VVIP
17.2. VIP (IAAF Family)
17.3. Media Tribune
17.4. Teams
18. Athletes
18.1. Combined Events Rest Area

2 – IAAF Site Visit Checklist – July 2011

Appendix J Technical Delegates Guidelines

STANDARD VEHICLE LINE-UP FOR ROAD RACES

IAAF World Championships in Athletics

LOC/Technical Delegate
1 hour prior to the start of the race
for final inspection and amendments

Police Patrol Car

Direction
2/3 minutes
Police Motorcycle x 2

Lead / Timing Car

Seiko / ITO / LOC
Course Measurer

HB Lead Vehicle
Photographers Vehicle

10m minimum

Lead Bicycle
HB 1st Bike

Leading
Group

Road Event Referee

Marketing Vehicle
HB 2nd Bike

HB Lead Vehicle
Lead Bicycle
2nd Group
Runners
HB 3rd Bike

Sweeping Bus

Ambulance

Police Patrol Car

IAAF | Standard Vehicle Line-up for Road Races

Appendix K
Technical Delegates Guidelines

LIST OF EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED BY MONDO

For the IAAF World Championships

Type of Equipment Quantity

Track Events
Hurdles 190
Hurdle Carts to carry 20 hurdles 8
Spare Hurdle bars 40
Relay Batons 80
Set of Lane Markers Cones with false start indicators 1-8 (1 set of 1-9 if
4
required)
Steeplechase barriers set of 4: (3 x 3.96m; 1 x 5.0m) 1set
Steeplechase water jump bar 1
Spare Steeplechase barrier – 5.0m 1
Starters Stand 3
Break line indicators cones in orange colour - 150 mm high 20
High Jump
High Jump standards (pair) 3
High Jump crossbars 30
High Jump Flexbar 20
High Jump landing area and weather cover 2
High Jump measuring device 3
Pole Vault
Pole Vault standards (pair) - two electronic + one manual 3
Pole Vault bar placer 3
Pole Vault crossbars 50
Pole Vault Flexbar 30
Pole Vault height measurer 3
Pole Vault landing area and weather cover 2
Pole Vault Rack to hold poles for up to 20 unit 4
Long Jump/Triple Jump
Long Jump distance indicator 2
Triple Jump distance indicator 2
Sand pit leveller : rake and strip - manual set 4
Distance indicator markers - set 4
Discus
Discus carrier racks to hold 15 Discus 4
Distance Marker Boxes (30m - 90m every 5m) – Set (also for Hammer and Javelin) 3

Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011 1

Technical Delegates Guidelines

Hammer
Hammer carrier rack to hold 10 hammers 4
Hammer Conversion Circle - (if not already available on site ) 2
Javelin
Javelin carrier rack to hold 20 Javelins 3
Run Up markers 50
Shot Put
Shot Return Channel 2
Shot carrier rack to hold 15 Shots 4
Distance Marker Boxes (12-22m every 2m) - Set 4
Generic Equipment
World Record Indicators (throws) 2
Champ Record Indicator (throws) 2
Qualifying Mark Indicator Markers (throws) 3
World Record Indicators (long-triple jump) 1
Champ Record Indicator (long-triple jump) 1
Qualifying Mark Indicator Markers (long-triple jump) 2
Magnesia Container/Dispenser For Shot Put and Pole Vault 10
Runway Markers 300
Wind Socks 16
Judges Flags of each - yellow/white/red 40/20/20
Mesh Net for Discus Sector 4
Cones with the look of the games tbd

In addition to the equipment offered above, Mondo has a full range of equipment
available for purchase. To be discussed between LOC and Mondo.

2 – Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

LISTS OF EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED BY MONDO

For the IAAF World Indoor Championships

Type of Equipment Quantity

Track Events
Hurdles 60
Hurdle Carts to carry 20 hurdles 2
Spare Hurdle bars 20
Relay Batons 20
Set of Lane Markers Cones with false start indicators 1-8 2
Starters Stand 1
Break line indicators cones in orange colour - 150 mm high 12
High Jump
High Jump standards (pair) 2
High Jump crossbars 15
High Jump Flexbar 8
High Jump landing area 1
High Jump measuring device 1
Pole Vault
Pole Vault standards (pair) - one electronic + one manual 2
Pole Vault bar placer 2
Pole Vault crossbars 20
Pole Vault Flexbar 10
Pole Vault height measurer 2
Pole Vault landing area 1
Pole Vault Rack to hold poles for up to 20 unit 2
Pole Vault Box 1
Long Jump/Triple Jump
Long Jump distance indicator 1
Triple Jump distance indicator 1
Sand pit leveller : rack and strip - manual set 2
Distance indicator markers - set 1
Shot Put
Shot Return Channel 1
Shot carrier rack to hold 15 Shots 2
Shot circle and Stop Board 1
Distance Marker Boxes (12-22m every 2m) - set 1
Generic Equipment
World Record Indicators (throws) 1
Champ Record Indicator (throws) 1
Qualifying Mark Indicator Markers (throws) 1

Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011 3

Technical Delegates Guidelines

World Record Indicators (long-triple jump) 1

Champ Record Indicator (long-triple jump) 1
Qualifying Mark Indicator Markers (long-triple jump) 1
Magnesia Container/Dispenser For Shot Put and Pole Vault 2
Runway Markers 50
Judges Flags of each - yellow, white, red 40/20/20
Cones with the look of the games tbd

In addition to the equipment offered above, Mondo has a full range of equipment
available for purchase by the LOC. To be discussed between LOC and Mondo.

4 – Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

LISTS OF EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED BY MONDO

For the IAAF World Junior & World Youth Championships

Type of Equipment Quantity

Track Events
Hurdles 170
Hurdle Carts to carry 20 hurdles 8
Spare Hurdle bars 30
Relay Batons 40
Set of Lane Markers Cones with false start indicators 1-8 3
Steeplechase barriers (Set of 4: 3 x 3.96m; 1 x 5.0m) 1 set
1 spare Steeplechase barrier – 5.0m 1
Steeplechase water jump bar 1
Starters Stand 3
Break line indicators cones in orange colour - 150 mm high 12
High Jump
High Jump standards (pair) 2
High Jump crossbars 15
High Jump Flexbar 10
High Jump landing area and weather cover 2
High Jump measuring device 2
Pole Vault
Pole Vault standards (pair) - electronic 2
Pole Vault bar placer 2
Pole Vault crossbars 20
Pole Vault Flexbar 15
Pole Vault height measurer 2
Pole Vault landing area and weather cover 2
Pole Vault Rack to hold poles for up to 20 unit 2
Long Jump/Triple Jump
Long Jump distance indicator 2
Triple Jump distance indicator 2
Sand pit leveller : rake and strip - manual set 2
Distance indicator markers - set 2
Discus
Discus carrier racks to hold 15 Discus 2
Distance Marker Boxes (30m - 90m every 5m) - Set (also for Hammer and
2
Javelin)
Hammer
Hammer carrier rack to hold 10 hammers 2
Hammer Conversion Circle - (if not already available on site ) 2

Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011 5

Technical Delegates Guidelines

Javelin
Javelin carrier rack to hold 20 Javelins 2
Run Up markers 40
Shot Put
Shot Return Channel 2
Shot carrier rack to hold 15 Shots 2
Distance Marker Boxes (12-22m every 2m) set 4
Generic Equipment
World Record Indicators (throws) 2
Champ Record Indicator (throws) 2
Qualifying Mark Indicator Markers (throws) 2
World Record Indicators (long-triple jump) 1
Champ Record Indicator (long-triple jump) 1
Qualifying Mark Indicator Markers (long-triple jump) 2
Magnesia Container/Dispenser For Shot Put and Pole Vault 5
Runway Markers 150
Wind Socks 10
Judges Flags of each - yellow, white, red 40/20/20
Mesh Net for Discus Sector 2
Cones with the look of the games # tbd

In addition to the equipment offered above, Mondo has a full range of equipment
available for purchase by the LOC. To be discussed between LOC and Mondo.

6 – Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

LISTS OF EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED BY MONDO

For the IAAF Continental Cup

Type of Equipment Quantity

Track Events
Hurdles 100
Hurdle Carts to carry 20 hurdles 5
Spare Hurdle bars 10
Relay Batons 20
Set of Lane Markers Cones with false start indicators 1-8 3
Steeplechase barriers Set of 4: (3 x 3.96m; 1 x 5.0m) 1 set
Spare Steeplechase barrier – 5.0m 1
Steeplechase water jump bar 1
Starters Stand 3
Break line indicators cones in orange colour - 150 mm high 12
High Jump
High Jump standards (pair) 2
High Jump crossbars 15
High Jump Flexbar 3
High Jump landing area and weather cover 1
High Jump measuring device 1
Pole Vault
Pole Vault standards (pair) - one electronic and one manual 2
Pole Vault bar placer 2
Pole Vault crossbars 20
Pole Vault Flexbar 5
Pole Vault height measurer 2
Pole Vault landing area and weather cover 1
Pole Vault Rack to hold poles for up to 20 unit 2
Pole Vault Box and Cover - (if not already available on site ) 2
Long Jump/Triple Jump
Long Jump distance indicator 1
Triple Jump distance indicator 1
Sand pit leveller: rake and strip - manual set 2
Distance indicator markers - set 2
Discus
Discus carrier racks to hold 15 Discus 2
Distance Marker Boxes (30m - 90m every 5m) - Set (also for
2
Hammer and Javelin)
Hammer
Hammer carrier rack to hold 10 hammers 2
Hammer Conversion Circle - (if not already available on site ) 2

Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011 7

Technical Delegates Guidelines

Javelin
Javelin carrier rack to hold 20 Javelins 2
Run Up markers 10
Shot Put
Shot Return Channel 1
Shot carrier rack to hold 15 Shots 2
Distance Marker Boxes (12-22m every 2m) 2
Generic Equipment
World Record Indicators (throws) 2
Champ Record Indicator (throws) 2
World Record Indicators (long-triple jump) 1
Champ Record Indicator (long-triple jump) 1
Magnesia Container/Dispenser For Shot Put and Pole Vault 3
Runway Markers 50
Wind Socks 5
Judges Flags of each - yellow, white, red 40/20/20
Mesh Net for Discus Sector 2
Cones with the look of the games # tbd

In addition to the equipment offered above, Mondo has a full range of equipment available for
purchase by the LOC. To be discussed between LOC and Mondo.

8 – Lists of Equipment to be provided by Mondo – May 2011

Appendix L

STATISTICAL MODEL FOR ENTRY STANDARDS

13th IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS, Daegu 2011
Proposal Entry Standards

MEN
Ideal number of Ideal number to Expected number of WCH Berlin 2009 2011 Proposal
Event
participants to start qualify by Standard unqualified Athletes
A Standard B Standard N° Starters A B
100m 56 48 0 10.21 10.28 94 10.18 10.25
200m 56 54 4 20.59 2075 73 20.60 20.70
400m 48 46 4 45.55 45.95 56 45.25 45.70
800m 48 44 6 1:45.40 1:46.60 52 1:45.40 1:46.30
1500m 45 40 8 3:36.20 3:39.20 55 3:35.00 3:38.00
5000m 38 36 3 13:20.00 13:29.00 41 13:20.00 13:27.00
10,000m 27 28 0 27:47.00 28:12.00 34 27:40.00 28:00.0
Marathon 100 110 0 2:18:00 99 2:17:00
3000m SC 45 45 0 8:23.00 8:33.50 39 8:23.10 8:32.00
110m H 40 36 6 13.55 13.62 48 13.52 13.60
400m H 40 40 2 49.25 49.80 31 49.40 49.80
High Jump 31 32 0 2.31m 2.28m 31 2.31 2.28
Pole Vault 31 32 0 5.70m 5.55m 35 5.72 5.60
Long Jump 31 28 4 8.15m 8.05m 45 8.20 8.10
Triple Jump 31 30 2 17.10m 16.65m 46 17.20 16.85
Shot Put 31 32 0 20.30m 19.90m 36 20.50 20.00
Discus 31 32 0 64.50m 62.50m 31 65.00 63.00
Hammer 31 32 0 77.50m 74.30m 34 78.00 74.00
Javelin 31 32 0 81.00m 78.00m 49 82.00 79.50
Decathlon 32 32 0 8000pts 7730pts 40 8200 8000
20km Race Walk 60 64 0 1:22:30 1:24:20 50 1:22:30 1:24:00
50km Race Walk 60 64 0 3:58:00 4:09:00 48 3:58:00 4:09:00
4x100m 24 25 0 39.10 18 39:20
4x400m 24 25 0 3:03.30 14 3:04:00

13th IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS, Daegu 2011

Proposal Entry Standards

WOMEN
Ideal number of Standard WCH Berlin 2009 2011 Proposal
Ideal number of Expected number of
Event participants to qualify
participants to start unqualified Athletes
by Standard A B # Starters A B
100m 56 48 0 11.30 11.40 71 11.29 11.38
200m 48 45 5 23.00 23.30 50 23.00 23.30
400m 48 44 7 51.50 52.30 45 51.50 52.30
800m 48 44 6 2:00.00 2:01.30 45 1:59.80 2:01.30
1500m 45 44 5 4:06.00 4:09.00 43 4:05.90 4:08.90
5000m 30 30 2 15:10.00 15:25.00 25 15:14.00 15:25.00
10,000m 27 28 0 31:45.00 32:20.00 23 31:45:00 32:00:00
Marathon 80 90 0 2:43:00 77 2:43:00
3000m SC 45 48 0 9:40.00 9:48.00 40 9:43.00 9:50.00
100m H 40 40 2 12.96 13.11 39 12.96 13.15
400m H 40 40 2 55.50 56.55 40 55.40 56.55
High Jump 31 32 0 1.95m 1.91m 33 1.95 1.92
Pole Vault 31 32 0 4.45m 4.35m 31 4.50 4.40
Long Jump 31 30 2 6.72m 6.62m 37 6.75 6.65
Triple Jump 31 32 0 14.20m 14.00m 37 14.30 14.10
Shot Put 31 30 2 18.20m 17.20m 29 18.30 17.30
Discus 31 30 2 62.00m 58.50m 40 62.00 59.50
Hammer 31 32 0 70.00m 67.50m 42 71.50 69.00
Javelin 31 32 0 61.00m 59.00m 32 61.00 59.00
Heptathlon 32 32 0 6100pts 5900pts 29 6150 5950
20 km Race Walk 60 65 0 1:33:30 1:38:00 47 1:33:30 1:38:00
4x100m 24 25 0 43.90 17 44.00
4x400m 24 25 0 3:31.00 16 3:32:00

IAAF | Statistical Model for Entry Standards

Appendix M

IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

PRE-COMPETITION ACTIVITIES AND MEETINGS (SAMPLE)

Date Time Activity Location Participants

Tuesday, 6 August 10:00 – 12:00 General Competition Meeting Stadium – TD Room Comp Mgt/TDs/IAAF
12:00 – 13:00 Road Events Meeting Stadium Road Events/TDs/IAAF
Wednesday, 7 August 9:30 – 18.00 IAAF Congress – Day 1 World Trade Centre BH/PH
15:00 Event Presentation Meeting Stadium – Jury Room EP Team/Host Broadcast/Comp Mgt/IAAF
18:00 – 22:00 Opening Ceremony Rehearsal Stadium
20:00 Deadline for Technical Meeting Questions TIC/CID LOC to collect all
Technical Meeting Pre-meeting (review of
20:30 Radisson TDs/IAAF/Comp Mgt
questions and presentation)
Thursday, 8 August 9.00 – 17.00 IAAF Congress – Day 2 World Trade Centre BH/PH/JS/IM
17:00 ITO Meeting World Trade Centre ITOs/TDs
Start Team Meeting and Seiko Training
Stadium IS/LOC Start Team/JS
(with IS)
National Photo Finish and IPFJ Meeting Timing Booth IPFJ/NPFJ/Seiko
15:00 Opening Ceremony Technical test Stadium
18.00 – 19.00 Technical Meeting World Trade Centre TDs/IAAF/Comp Mgt
19.00 – 20.00 Medical and Anti Doping Meeting World Trade Centre AD Delegate / Medical Delegate

20.00 – 21.30 Competition Rehearsal Stadium Comp Mgt/TDs/IAAF/ITOs/EP/Seiko/HB

21:30 – 21:45 Meeting with ITOs and NTOs Stadium ITOs/NTOs/JS

Friday, 9 August 09.30 – 11.00 Rehearsal Debrief Stadium Comp Mgt/TDs/IAAF/ITOs/EP/Seiko/HB
11.00 – 12.30 Stadium Orientation - Athletes Stadium Comp Mgt
11.00 – 12.30 Starting Practice Stadium Comp Mgt
11.00 – 12.00 Stadium Orientation – Team Leaders Stadium Comp Mgt
12.00 – 13.00 Road Course Tour Road Courses TD/Comp Mgt
Inspection of Marathon and Race Walk
12:00 Road Courses TD/LOC
Courses
15:00 Opening Ceremony – Crowd Scenes Stadium
16:00 Stadium Walk Through Stadium LOC/TDs/IAAF/HB/Seiko/D3/Photo/AMS
19:00 – 23:00 Opening Ceremony Final Dress Rehearsal Stadium
Saturday, 10 August 07:30 Final Stadium Inspection Stadium TDs/PH/IM/LOC
09:30 Start of Competition Stadium
 MEN WOMEN
Final Semi-Finals Round 1 Entries Event Entries Round 1 Semi-Finals Final
Appendix N

Start Qual. Heats Start Qual. Heats Start C P/F/M P/F/M C Start Heats Qual. Start Heats Qual. Start

8 100m 8
8 200m 8
8 400m 8
8 800m 8
12 1500m 12
15 5000m 15
10,000m
Marathon
15 3000m SC 15
8 110m H/100m H 8
8 400m H 8
20km RW
50km RW
8 4 x 100m R 8
8 4 x 400m R 8
P = Preliminary Entry, F = Final Entry, M = Maximum Competing, C = Confirmed Entry

MEN WOMEN
Q Entries Event Entries Q
Starting Heights and Progression * Start Start * Starting Heights and Progression
CE H C P/F/M P/F/M C CE H

Qualification:
Final: Qualification:
Final:
High Jump
(+2cm) (+2cm)
Qualification:
Final: Qualification:
Pole Vault
QUALIFICATION PROCEDURE

(+5cm) Final: (+5cm)

Long Jump
Triple Jump
Shot Put
Discus Throw
Hammer Throw
CE High Jump Starting Height: Javelin Throw
(+3cm) CE High Jump Sarting Height: (+3cm)

IAAF | Qualification Procedure

CE Pole Vault Starting Height:
Dec/Heptathlon
(+10cm)
P = Preliminary Entry, F = Final Entry, M = Maximum Competing, C = Confirmed Entry, * = with Qualifying Standard
CE H = Combined Events Heats
IAAF | Qualification Procedure
Appendix O
Technical Delegates Guidelines

IAAF OFFICIAL VIDEO RECORDING GUIDELINES (RULE 150)

The aim of this document is to provide technical information on the official video recording
operations as required by IAAF Rule 150 in all competitions under 1(a), (b) and (c) (and, whenever
possible, in other competitions) and how it may be best utilised in support of the Referees or the
Members of the Jury of Appeal.
Objective:
The video recording should be sufficient to demonstrate the accuracy of performances and any
violation of the Rules.
The primary function of the Referees or Members of the Jury of Appeal shall be to decide on
protests and appeals under IAAF Rule 146, and deal with any matters arising during the course of
the competition which are referred to them for decision.
Rule 146.3, in support of the Referee, states that “To arrive at a fair decision, the Referee should
consider any available evidence which he thinks necessary, including a film or picture produced by
an official video recorder, …”
Rule 146.6, in support of the Jury, states that “if the Jury of Appeal is in doubt, other available
evidence may be considered. If such evidence, including any available video evidence, is not
conclusive, the decision of the Referee or the Chief Race Walking Judge shall be upheld”.
At the discretion of the officials, when and where it is deemed appropriate, athletes and team
officials may also have access to these video evidences.
Sources of Video:
Video:
1. Any Host Broadcast television coverage of the competition.
The range of coverage varies widely depending on the size and type of competition. A meeting
should be arranged with the Host Broadcaster (HB) and IAAF to determine their camera
locations and a process whereby the Host Broadcast coverage can be recorded, accessed and
viewed.
In major athletic competitions, the Host Broadcaster is providing an extensive range of camera
angles with up to 60 cameras covering the Field of Play.
2. Any extra video provided by the Competition Management.
In support of the Host Broadcaster, the Competition Management shall have in place a
sufficient number (at least 4-5) of video cameras, operated by volunteers with a good
knowledge of athletics. These cameras can be located on HB platforms but shall be focused
on aspects of the event different from the commercial coverage provided by the HB. The
cameras can be fixed or (especially if only few are available) following the event (“sweeping”).

IAAF | Official Video Recording Guidelines (Rule 150) – October 2013 1

Technical Delegates Guidelines

Coverage of the Technical Video:

Video:
The stated objective of technical video recording is to provide evidence in support of the Referee
or Jury of Appeal. It is natural that the focus of any video should be on likely protests and appeal
issues. The most likely protests and appeals involve the following issues:
GENERAL
125.5 unsporting manner / improper conduct
(142.4(a)
142.4(a) no show of confirmed athlete
142.4(b) no show of qualified athlete
142.4(c) competing without bona fide effort)
144.3(b) use of electronic device
144.3(c) use of technical device
145.2 disqualification from further events [due to 125.5 (incl. 162.5)]
RUNNING / RACE WALKING EVENTS
144.3(a) pacing
162.5(a) aborting the start without valid reason
162.5(b) delaying the start
162.5(c) disturbing the start
162.7 false start
163.2 jostling / obstruction
163.3(a) lane infringement
163.3(b) infringement of the inside border
163.6 continuing the race after voluntarily leaving the track
Hurdles
168.7 not jumping each hurdle
168.7(a) trailing leg
168.7(b) deliberately knocking down a hurdle
Steeplechase
169.7 not jumping each hurdle / the water jump
169.7(a) stepping beside the water jump
169.7(b) trailing leg
Relays
170.6(a) running without the baton / finishing the race without the baton
170.6(b) fault at carrying the baton (e.g. using gloves or substances on hand)
170.6(c) fault at recovering a dropped baton
170.7 passing the baton outside the takeover zone (early / late takeover)
170.8 wilful impediment at takeover
170.9 assistance by pushing / otherwise
170.10 using more than two substitutes
170.11 late confirmation / changing team composition and/or running order
170.18 starting outside the allowed distance (4 x 100m, 4 x 200m, Medley)
170.19 starting outside the takeover zone (Medley, 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m, 4 x 1500m)
170.20
170.20 exchanging positions before takeover (Medley, 4 x 400m)
170.21 jostling / obstruction at takeover
Race Walking
230.6(a) repeated failure to comply with the definition of Race Walking
230.9(h)
230. 9(h) taking refreshment out of official station
230.12 shortening the distance to be covered

2 - IAAF | Official Video Recording Guidelines (Rule 150) – October 2013

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

Road Races
240.8(h) taking refreshment out of official station
240.10 shortening the distance to be covered
Indoor Competitions
218.1 starting outside the takeover zone (4 x 200m)
(For 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m, 170.19 applies)
218.4exchanging
218.4 positions before takeover (4 x 200m, 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m)
(Field Events – see below)
Events Run in Lanes
In general, the HB will provide detailed coverage of events run in lanes. However, to supplement
this, technical video coverage should be focused on the bends in lane events. For 400m hurdles
events, the technical video should also focus on the chest and legs of athletes as they go over the
hurdle.
Relay Events
In Relay Events, the most important aspects are:
The relay baton must be passed in the take-over zone. It is important to note that only the location
of the baton within the take-over zone is critical.
If a baton is dropped, particular attention should be paid to the recovery of the baton.
In the 4x100m, athletes may not start running before the mark 10m before the zone.
The 3rd and 4th athletes in the 4x400m once placed in position by the official (based on teams’ order
at the 200m mark) must maintain that order even if their team is passed in the final straight.
The 3rd and 4th athletes must also start running within the take-over zone (10m either side of the
start/finish line).
Non--Lane Events
Non
In the 800m, there are two areas for the technical video to focus. Firstly, the breakline where the
athletes break from their lanes – athletes may not leave their allocated lanes before reaching the
breakline marked on the track (marked by small cones placed immediately before the intersection
of the lane lines and the breakline). Secondly, any pushing and/or jostling in the following “pack”
which may cause an athlete to fall or be obstructed during the race – the HB is generally focused
on the leader/s and not on the pack following.
Field Events
Additional cameras aimed at the take–off board (long & triple jump) and throwing circles (ground
view) are very useful to see infringement to Rule 185.1 and Rule 187.13/14 respectively. In major
competitions, the HB may provide these cameras.
Technical Aspects:
The technical video room should be located in the stadium, if possible, close to the TIC and not too
far from the Jury of Appeal room. The room shall have monitors and video players depending on
the number of feeds available throughout the competition. The room shall also have a separate
monitor and video player for the replay of images (both from the technical video cameras and from
the HB recorded feed) whilst the competition is still underway. The systems used for the
recordings must be taken into consideration and tested when installing the video players.
The Jury room shall also be equipped with a monitor and video player for the replay of images
(preferably with a very good slow motion replay).
Technical assistance shall be provided for the smooth operation of all equipment in these areas.

IAAF | Official Video Recording Guidelines (Rule 150) – October 2013 3

Technical Delegates Guidelines

A fast and reliable communication means is required between the chief of the video operations and
the volunteers operating the technical cameras. The Referees and the Jury must be able to access
and check the recordings in a short period of time.
Type of Video Cameras
The technical cameras shall have a zoom function for close-ups. The recording should include the
date and time of day on the picture. The battery life should allow for sufficient recording time, and
reserve batteries should be available for immediate replacement.
A number of tripods should also be provided for use with television platforms or other suitable
locations on the stands.
Technical Video Camera Locations
The technical cameras shall be located in secure, unobstructed locations around the Stadium. The
main objective of the camera locations is to provide coverage of the issues described previously.
The video positions should preferably be elevated enough to provide a downward angle and wider
coverage.
The cameras should be situated on platforms or other suitable areas around the stadium (area of
about 0.9m x 1.8m)
1) Position A – 2nd bend first part
2) Position B – 2nd bend second part
3) Position C – 1st bend first part
4) Position D – 1st bend second part
5) Additional positions are required for the Relays. (e.g. in line with start and finish of take-
over zone for 4x400m 2nd, 3rd and 4th runner)
Recording, Viewing and Logging the Technical Video:
Recording and Viewing
The Local Organising Committee must ensure that an official video recording of all events to the
satisfaction of the Technical Delegate(s) is made. They must provide qualified personnel and
adequate facilities at suitable locations for immediate viewing of the recordings by Referees,
team officials and the Jury of Appeal.
Log Sheets
Track Events
For each Track Event recording, the following log sheet shall be completed:
* Event, Gender, Round, Heat
* Heat number, Start Time, Finish Time, Comment
NB – All times in minutes and seconds. Camera position will be listed as one of the Stadium
camera positions or HB for Host Broadcaster.
Field Events
For each Field Event recording, the following log sheet shall be completed:
* Event, Gender, Round, Start Time, Finish Time, Comment

Cataloguing
Track Events and Field Events shall be filed in event order in two separate binders as a complete
record of the competition.

4 - IAAF | Official Video Recording Guidelines (Rule 150) – October 2013

Appendix P

SAMPLE FINAL CONFIRMATION FORM

October 2013
Appendix Q
Technical Delegates Guidelines

IAAF EVENT PRESENTATION GUIDELINES

1. INTRODUCTION
Event Presentation (or Sport Presentation as it is sometimes referred to) aims to
Educate, Engage and Entertain live audiences at athletics meetings. It refers to the
way athletics is presented to the spectators, or “choreographed”, through the use of
various elements such as: the presentation of athletes, announcing protocol, music,
video and information. Event presentation should enhance the athletics competition
adding to the overall enjoyment and understanding of athletics yet still maintaining the
integrity of the sport.
Event Presentation is both a complex and sophisticated production, generating keen
interest from the spectators, broadcasters, organising committees and the IAAF and
can be considered as the climax of the “spectators’ experience”. Successful Event
Presentation is particularly important at major athletics events so that the spectators
can better appreciate the sport, follow the action and support the athletes with
enthusiasm. This will have the combined positive impact of creating the right stadium
atmosphere for the athletes and television broadcasters while at the same time
enhancing the spectators understanding and enjoyment of the sport. Many spectators
will be totally new to the sport with a minimal understanding and appreciation of
athletics. Athletics often presents a multitude of action where numerous events can be
going on at the same time. A well-coordinated Event Presentation plan can help make
sense of all the action.
A good Event Presentation plan begins with the creation and planning of the
competition Timetable. When developing the Timetable, various elements of Event
Presentation must already be considered including time for: event introductions, athlete
introductions, replays, interviews, etc.

Through a consistent and effective delivery, Event Presentation can be the face and
image of the event, and has the potential of reaching broadcast audiences around the
globe. It is through the creativity and innovation of Event Presentation that sport
perception can be brought to a whole new level.
General Principles
Event Presentation as a whole must work closely with the Competition Management,
and as part of the Competition Management itself. Event Presentation is meant to
enhance the competition, not to drive it. The Event Presentation Team must be a fully
integrated part of the LOC.
These Guidelines have been developed to assist Local Organising Committees (LOC)
in developing and delivering the Event Presentation elements for an IAAF World
Athletics Series stadium event. Certain elements of these Guidelines can also be
applied to non-stadium events, even though these would not necessitate such great
requirements. The LOC is responsible for the planning and delivery of the Event
Presentation elements and should work in close cooperation with the IAAF in
developing their Event Presentation programme.

IAAF | Event Presentation Guidelines – May 2011 1

Technical Delegates Guidelines

2. PERSONNEL
The Event Presentation Team should include the following:
 Event Presentation Manager (EPM) – responsible for managing and overseeing
all presentation elements and ensuring they are presented in a coordinated and
understandable way. THE EPM works in close cooperation with the Competition
Manager and various other elements of Event Presentation. It is essential that as
well as being technically capable of executing the job, the EPM also thoroughly
understands the sport of athletics to be able to make the correct editorial decisions
often almost instantaneously.
 Video Production Manager - to manage the various video feeds from the Host
Broadcaster and the in-stadium cameras, and coordinate what is to be shown on
the Video Screens.
 Scoreboard Operator - to manage what is shown on the Scoreboard in
coordination with the IAAF Results Service Supplier.
 Music Coordinator - to manage the selection of appropriate music, and the timing
and volume, throughout the competition in coordination with the EPM.
 Announcers - the IAAF will appoint the official English Announcers and French
Announcers for World Championships and Olympic Games. For all other events,
the IAAF will appoint English Announcers only. The LOC should appoint an
Announcer for the local language (if it is not English). In conjunction with the Event
Presentation Manager, and under the general direction of the Technical Delegates,
the Announcers shall be responsible for all matters of announcing protocol (see
Section 5).
 Announcers Assistant - to provide invaluable support and information to the
Announcers. The Announcer Assistant is an extra set of eyes and ears for the
Announcers and can also be the point of contact for the Event Presentation
Manager.
 Production Manager to act as an overall technical liaison to ensure all
requirements are adequately delivered by the various suppliers.
 Infield Coordinator - to relay information and react to activity on the infield. He is
also responsible for the movements and activities of the Infield Presenter.
 Infield Presenter - to conduct brief athlete interviews and to provide a link for non-
athletics inserts (crowd competitions, etc.), and event set-ups. Infield Presenters
should be able to converse in the local language and English.
The Infield Presenter should conduct brief athlete reactions (a brief response to
one or two brief questions) from a small number of leading/relevant (local) athletes
for the stadium crowd. This should take place just before the athlete enters the
area where the broadcaster interviews take place. The Infield Presenter should try
to deliver 5 – 7 athlete reactions per day at the most, depending on editorial factors.
The Infield Presenter may also look to conduct brief interviews with other people
such as coaches, parents of athletes, former athletes in attendance, etc.
 Medal Ceremonies Coordinator - a dedicated person to coordinate the various
elements of the Medal Ceremonies working with the EPM and the other elements
of Event Presentation.

3. RESOURCES
3.1. Budget
The Budget for Event Presentation will be dependent on the event and the
sophistication of the Event Presentation. The IAAF can supply sample budgets
if requested, which are based on previous experience. However, this is an
important area and should be properly allocated within the overall budget.

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 Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.2. Equipment
3.2.1. Video Board(s)
A Video Board and a scoreboard (two video boards for IAAF World
Championships) are a necessity to bring the events to life, particularly
the field events which tend to get lost amongst the track action. With the
use of two screens both track and field events can be shown
concurrently when there is no action on the track.
The Video Board(s) should be used primarily for: live action, replays,
event introductions, athlete introductions, interviews, crowd
shots/animations and sponsor advertisements.
To allow control over the images on the Board(s) several elements are
required: an independent outside broadcast truck that utilises a mix of
cameras directed by the Video Production Manager, with a selection of
Host Broadcaster feeds, in-stadium cameras and graphics provided by
the results service.
The size of the Video Board is dependent on the size of the venue and
viewing distances for the spectators. A minimum requirement however
is 48 square metres.
3.2.2. Scoreboard
A Scoreboard is an essential element to supplement the Video Board
and should be primarily used to display start lists and results. It should
also be used to update the progress of the field events. In the throws
and horizontal jumps, intermediate results should be displayed after
each round and the Announcer should call attention to these displays.
The Scoreboard should be:
 Preferably an LED device which, provides greater flexibility in terms
of displaying additional graphics other than raw data - i.e. text such
as ‘pole vault bar now at 5.50m’.
 If not available, an alpha-numeric device is required but this does
restrict the creativity of displaying data.
 Able to interface with the IAAF Results Service Supplier who will
provide the necessary competition information (Start Lists, Results,
Standings) to be displayed on the Scoreboard. This allows for an
instantaneous display of information.
3.2.3. Field Event Boards (FEBs)
Field Event Boards, which are supplied by the IAAF’s service provider
(Seiko), are also essential to the spectators’ appreciation and
understanding of those events. The capabilities of today’s FEBs are
increasing from simply indicating the athletes’ performance to showing
rankings, athlete images and potentially even video images. At least
once, early in each session, the Announcer should call attention to the
FEBs and explain what each data element shown on the FEB means.
One or more individuals should be assigned by the LOC to ensure that
the FEBs and the infield clocks remain unobstructed by others on the
infield. This is especially important in the case of the infield clock that
is just past the finish line.

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Technical Delegates Guidelines

3.3. Planning
3.3.1. Timelines
The following timelines are recommended for the successful delivery
of Event Presentation:
- A detailed and well thought out competition Timetable which
incorporates the necessary elements of Event Presentation
including Medal Ceremonies.
- Production of Running Orders can begin as soon as an initial
timetable is published.
- Non-athletics inserts such as: welcome messages, crowd
competitions, sponsor adverts, can start to be compiled in
advance of the Timetable construction.
- An installation, testing and rehearsal schedule is required before
the event to coincide with the other elements of the event setup.
3.3.2. Running Orders
Detailed Running Orders need to be produced to serve as an overall
template for the Event Presentation Team. These should take the form
of minute by minute editorial information covering the whole event
relating to issues such as:
 Which announcer/presenter is scheduled to do what
 Event timings
 What action takes place i.e., gun – Men 200m
 What is appropriate to be shown on the Video
Screen(s)/Scoreboard
 Field events in progress
 What music is appropriate to be played
Whilst it is essential to have a running order to act as a template for
the presentation team, flexibility, under the leadership of the Event
Presentation Manager, must always be maintained to react to
changing situations and demands.
See Appendix 1 and 2 for sample Running Orders
3.4. Communications
For the Event Presentation Team to effectively communicate with each other,
an effective communication network must be created. Issues to consider are:
 A multi-channel cable and wireless communications system will need to be
set up to reflect the sophistication of the planned Event Presentation
delivery. It is imperative that this system allows all of the key presentation
team personnel to communicate with the Event Presentation Manager as
well as other essential external people: for example the Event Presentation
Manager must be in continuous communication with the Competition
Manager.
See Appendix 3 for the Structure and Organisation of Event Presentation.
3.5. Facilities / Space Allocation
The Event Presentation Team must have the appropriate working space and
equipment to allow them to effectively perform their functions. Key
considerations include:

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 Technical Delegates Guidelines

 Announcers and their Assistants require adequate space with a good view
of the track and field, ideally in the finish line area of the home straight. If
the Announcers’ area is not in the open air, the ambient sound from the
stadium or arena should be transmitted into the area so that the
Announcers can hear and react to the crowd.
 Each Announcer should have his own dedicated microphone equipped with
an easily operated on-off switch. The amplification power for each
Announcer’s microphone should be on at all times during the competition
so that any time an Announcer has something to say, he can do so
immediately and without the intervention of a sound technician. Ideally, the
microphone for the Announcers is part of a one-ear headset leaving the
other ear free to work off-mike with those in proximity.
 Internet Connection to access information via the internet.
 The Event Presentation Manager requires a sound-proofed production
control environment with good views of the track and infield.
 A designated location prior to the Mixed Zone is required for the Infield
Presenter to be able to obtain athletes’ reactions.
 Sound control area approx. 6m x 4m with good view of the field of play. As
with the Announcers’ area, if this area is behind glass, provision should be
made to allow the operator to hear live sound as heard by the spectators.
 If required, independent cabled camera and RF camera dish positions
which have clear line of site to track, infield and seating blocks.
 Parking space required for an Outside Broadcast (OB) vehicle. This space
needs to be located within 50m of cable access to relevant buildings.
 Power is required for Announcer’s position, OB vehicle, Sound Control and
Production Control.
 The key Presentation Team will require accreditation access allowing them
to properly carry out their duties. This may include access to areas such as
the infield and the VIP tribune to conduct interviews with dignitaries or
former athletes.
3.6. Rehearsal
Significant rehearsal time must be allocated to all the elements of Event
Presentation. In addition to testing and rehearsing each of the individual
elements on their own, a scripted competition rehearsal should be organised in
the days prior to the competition to rehearse all the elements together.

4. ELEMENTS OF EVENT PRESENTATION

4.1 Language
For the World Championships, English and French will be used and if the local
language is not one of these, a third will be required that will serve as the lead
language. For all other competitions, English and the local language shall be
used.
As a starting point when only two languages are being used (i.e. English and
the local language) the protocol during Event Presentation should be
approximately 65% local language and 35% English. Where three languages
are required, the split should be approximately 60% local, 30% English and 10%
French.

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Technical Delegates Guidelines

4.2 Graphics
Graphics that appear on the Video Screen(s) aid the introduction of new event
elements by displaying the event title, Medal Ceremony details, explanatory
information, etc. Animated graphics are preferable and more enjoyable for the
spectators but require considerable budget investment.
It is essential that the Graphics replicate the overall ‘look’ of the event on the
Screen(s) and Scoreboard.
4.3. Interface with Host Broadcaster / Service Providers
 In order to show the Host Broadcaster’s images on the Video Board(s), a
feed from the Host Broadcaster is required. Where an independent ‘to
screen’ production facility is used the Host Broadcaster should supply
several video feeds – i.e. Track, Field A, Field B, Photo Finish, etc.
 A relationship with the IAAF service providers such as Seiko, is essential
to achieve the following: information to be displayed on the FEBs when not
in use, results graphics terminals, format of data for the screen/scoreboard,
utilisation of Commentator Information Systems (CIS), intermediate times
available from the timing supplier and the location of infield clocks for
spectators/Announcers to view.
 The Scoreboard(s) will be driven by the competition information provided
by the Results Services Supplier which will provide the required interface
protocol to make this happen. All of these issues will be discussed
between the IAAF Technical Service Providers and the LOC during the
Technical Suppliers Site Visit.
 Commentator Information Systems (CIS) are required for all Announcers,
Announcers Assistants and the EPM. These are normally provided by the
IAAF Results Service Supplier.
 A working relationship with the Host Broadcaster is essential to ensure a
mutual understanding of what both stadium presentation and television are
trying to achieve. For example, it is important that when introducing athletes
in track races, the stadium Announcers follow the Host Broadcasters
pictures so that the athlete reacts to their introduction to the crowd at the
correct time.
4.4. Music
The appropriate use of music in the stadium can enhance the spectators overall
enjoyment and can add to the atmosphere in the stadium. However, care and
sensitivity to the requirement of broadcasters and athletes must be maintained.
Music helps build atmosphere and direct the crowd’s attention to new elements
within the timetable (i.e. start of a new event or presentation). It is not
necessary, however, to play music throughout an event and volume should be
constantly monitored to ensure that the natural noise of the crowd or the
conveying of information by the Announcers is not being drowned out. Other
areas to consider:
 The appropriate Music Copyright Licences must be in place and are under
the responsibility of the LOC.
 A comprehensive audio system including cabled and wireless microphones
and multiple replay devices are required. The audio system should have
the capacity to be zoned to provide good even coverage throughout all
spectator areas, while volume can be minimised in the television
commentator areas. In most stadiums this will have to be independently
created as the in-house system will be inadequate and there is little point
delivering a presentation service that cannot be clearly heard by the
spectators.

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 Music played throughout distance events and as background helps build

and maintain the atmosphere.
 Live music can provide a good focal point, i.e. drum bands for long distance
events. However, the live music must be controlled by the EPM who is able
to stop or start music when appropriate.
 Playing music at the finish of a race is unnecessary and actually detracts
from the excitement of the conclusion of the race. The announcers and the
race itself will provide the excitement.
4.5. Medal Ceremonies
Medal Ceremonies are an important and respected part of the competition,
intended to honour the achievements of the athletes with minimum disruption
to the flow of the competition. To this extent, Medal Ceremonies should flow as
quickly and smoothly as possible. To ensure they are coordinated with the rest
of the Event Presentation activities, it is essential that Medal Ceremonies fall
under the direct control and supervision of the Event Presentation Manager.
Issues to consider include:
 This is a very time demanding element of Event Presentation as its success is
based upon effective communication and the ability to achieve consistent
delivery.
 The IAAF has developed a Standard Script for Medal Ceremonies (see
Appendix 4) which should be followed at all times. Extraneous information,
such as the winning performance or the fact that it set a record (unless it is a
World Record), should not be mentioned. If the Medal Presenter is a present
or former World Record holder or Olympic or World Champion, that fact may
be mentioned when the Presenter is identified.
 For Relay and team events, the name of the country should be mentioned first
followed immediately by the names of the team members in the order they run:
i.e. “Bronze Medallists, France, Athlete 1, Athlete 2, Athlete 3, Athlete 4.”
 Flags are to be provided by the LOC or can be provided by the IAAF at the
request of the LOC. The IAAF will provide a compilation of graphic images of
all national flags. This information should be maintained at the flag raising area
and should be referred to in order to ensure that flags are properly displayed.
 National Anthems with running times are provided in CD format by the IAAF.
Careful attention must be paid to ensure the correct Anthem is played.
 A maximum of three (3) Medal Bearers are required for the presentation party.
However, for individual events, one person carrying all three medals may be
used.
 The Medal Ceremony shall begin once all athletes and the presenting person
are in position behind the awards podium.
 The Medal Ceremony shall consist of each athlete or team being presented
their medals, followed by the national anthem of the first placed athlete or team
together with the raising of the flags of the respective countries.
 Medal Ceremonies should ideally not interrupt live action. The Event
Presentation Manager must be aware of what is happening in the field events
to avoid beginning the Medal Ceremonies at a crucial time in the competition,
i.e. with only one attempt remaining in a field event.
 The IAAF Technical Regulations and IAAF Protocol Guidelines should also be
consulted for additional information regarding the presentation of Medal
Ceremonies.

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Technical Delegates Guidelines

5. ANNOUNCING PROTOCOL
5.1. Announcer Presentation – General
 The introduction of all events other than finals should include a statement
of the procedure for qualifying for the next round. In running events, this
should be done before the first heat. In field events, it should be done when
the event is first introduced. In the long throws, it should be done when
each group is introduced. In the Combined Events, the current cumulative
point scores should be posted on the Scoreboard before and after each of
the component events, and the Announcers should call attention to that
information.
 It is almost never appropriate to mention records during the introduction of
an event. Records are rarely broken, and calling attention to them most
often leads to disappointment when the record is not set. It is a distraction
from the proper focus on the competition itself. However, during an event,
if it appears that a record has been or is close to being broken, that should
certainly be the subject of commentary.
 The English and local language Announcers do not have to say the same
thing at all times. In general, the English language Announcer is there to
provide direction and information. The local language Announcers will also
provide information, but they will have the additional function of enhancing
the enjoyment and appreciation of the competition by the local spectators.
For example, during the progress of both running and field events, it would
be appropriate for the local language announcer to call special attention to
the local athletes and to provide a little information about them. That would
not necessarily be done in English.
 Dentsu/AMS and/or the IAAF may provide a script for acknowledging the
IAAF Sponsors. These should be read in both local language and English
at times and/or specified frequencies provided by the IAAF/Dentsu/AMS.
 The IAAF either directly or through their marketing partner Dentsu, may
provide a video to be shown promoting the IAAF and their sponsors. This
video is played before and after each session and should be read by the
Announcers in both the local language and English. Complete details will
be provided by Dentsu.
After the video that starts the session, the following announcement should
be made in local language, then in English:
“Good morning (afternoon/evening) ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of the
International Association of Athletics Federations and the [name of host
city] Organising Committee, we welcome you to the [name of Stadium] for
the morning (evening) session of the first (second, etc.) day of competition
of the [name of IAAF event].”
 At the conclusion of the session, after the sponsor video, the Announcer
should very briefly thank the audience for their attendance and invite them
to return for the next session of competition, mentioning the starting time of
that session.

5.2. Track Races

Event Introductions
An event should be introduced only at the beginning of the first of multiple heats
or semi-finals. A short video and accompanying music may be used to
introduce each new event. However, it should not be repeated before each heat.

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 Technical Delegates Guidelines

Athlete Introductions
The introduction of athletes must be well timed to ensure coordination with
Television and that the athletes are not standing too long just prior to their event.
In lane races - (individual and relay, up to and including 800m), each runner
should be introduced by lane in the Semi-Finals and Finals. It is not necessary
to do this for first round heats in events where there will be two additional rounds
(such as the 100m). In those events, in the first round, the Start List should be
displayed on the Scoreboard, and the Announcers should call attention to the
Scoreboard and mention the credentials of any outstanding runners in the heat.
In the Semi-Finals and Finals, each runner should be introduced in accordance
with normal protocol. Under the standard protocol, the introduction consists of
the lane number, the country, any important detail of the athlete’s past
performance record, and the athlete’s name. The introduction should refer to
the name on the Official Start List which is the name the athlete is commonly
known under and identified. During the introductions, the bib number is never
mentioned. The athlete’s name should be announced last, and only once.
Thus, a typical introduction would be:
“In lane 4, representing South Africa, the bronze medallist in last year’s World
Youth Championships, Jan Masenamela.”
To facilitate the local audience’s association of the introduction with the name
of the athlete, the English introduction should come first, then the local
introduction, and finally the name. The matter of who announces each name is
normally decided by the Announcers before the competition, depending on the
names of the athletes and the language skills of the Announcers. In principle,
the English Announcer is the default name Announcer, with the local Announcer
announcing local names (and any closely related language) and the French
Announcer announcing French names (and Arabic), for accuracy purposes.
Non-lane races - In any preliminary rounds of the non-lane races (1500m and
5000m), the Start List is displayed on the Scoreboard and the Announcer calls
attention to the Scoreboard and mentions the credentials of any outstanding
athletes in the heat. In the Finals, athletes should be introduced one by one.
However, if there are more than 15 runners in the field and time does not permit
individual introductions, it is appropriate to introduce the runners after the start
of the race. That decision can be made at the last moment, so that the
Announcers can consider the time available for introductions in view of anything
else that may be happening.
Relays - follow the protocol for lane races. In the first round, the name of the
team’s country is announced and if time permits the name of all athletes. In the
Final, the compositions of the teams and their countries are announced.
Announcing During Races
This is a very important element of Presentation. The spectators should know
who the leading runners are. In races longer than one lap, they should also be
given information about intermediate times. In the longer races, nonstop
announcing is not necessary, not desirable and indeed not possible given other
announcements to be made mainly in field events. But in the very short races,
a continuous commentary on the race is appropriate. In general, the athlete’s
nationality should be mentioned in connection with his name.
As a practical matter, in 100m races, it may be impossible for the English
Announcer to say anything if the local Announcer is actively announcing the
race. In such case, as soon as the race is over and the winner has been
identified in the local language, the English Announcer should summarise what
IAAF | Event Presentation Guidelines – May 2011 9
Technical Delegates Guidelines

has happened. In 200m races, the English Announcer can comment until the
bend and the local Announcer takes over to call the rest of the race. In longer
races, the principal race calling should be in the local language, but the English
Announcer should be able to interject from time to time.
The calling of the race does not always end with the finish of the race. If the
Video Screen displays replays, attention should be called to the Screen, and
appropriate commentary may be added.
5.3. Field Events
Event Introductions
As in track races, a video and accompanying music may be used to introduce
the field events.
Athlete Introductions
In the qualifying competition, the Start Lists for each group should be displayed
on the Scoreboard, and the Announcers should call attention to the Scoreboard
and mention the credentials of any outstanding competitors in the field. In the
long throws, of course, the Start List for Group B should be presented before
that group. In all other events, both groups should be presented before the start
of the competition. In all events, the introduction should include a statement of
the qualifying procedure (i.e. the top 12, and any others who achieve the
automatic qualifying distance of xx.xx meters, will advance to the Final.
In the field event Finals, the athletes can be lined up on the field as close to the
competition site as possible and be introduced individually, in the same manner
as the lane races, as described above. This should be done as time permits in
the schedule but normally, approximately 3-5 minutes before the scheduled
start time of the event so that the event can begin immediately after the
introductions. The introduction of athletes must be well timed to ensure
coordination with Television and that the athletes are not standing too long just
prior to their event.
Commentary
Attention should be given to the field events and information provided to the
spectators as often as possible. Ideally, every Jump and every Throw should
be preceded by an identification of the athlete and his current position if that is
significant. There may be times when there is nothing happening other than
one or two field events and in those cases a brief mention of each attempt
should be made.
Most of the time, there will be conflicting demands for air time. Both running
events and Medal Ceremonies might at times pre-empt routine field event
announcing. However, every effort should be made to keep spectators
informed on the progress of the field events. In particular, mention should be
made of every time the bar is raised in the vertical jumps. And in the other field
events, at the completion of each round, the Scoreboard should show the
placings after that round, and the Announcers should call attention to that
information.
If possible, attention should be called to the leading athletes whenever they are
competing, especially during the late phases of the event. Also, whenever the
Video Screen focuses on an athlete about to make an attempt, that athlete
should be identified by the Announcer. There can be great drama to field
events, and that needs to be captured and conveyed to the spectators.

10 – IAAF Event Presentation Guidelines – May 2011

 Time Event Track Jump Jump Throw Announcement Notes Screen left Screen right Big Screen Special
18:15:00 Coming Up Coming UP VT?
18:15:30 Javelin M
18:16:00
18:16:30 Mascot Clip Mascot Mascot Mascot Mascot Clip
18:17:00 Presentation Startlist Track Track
18:17:30 100mH W Semi 1 100mH W
18:18:00 One by one SF 1
18:18:30
18:19:00
18:19:30
18:20:00 100mH W
18:20:30 SF1
18:21:00 Live Results
18:21:30
18:22:00
18:22:30
18:23:00
18:23:30
18:24:00
18:24:30
18:25:00 Presentation Startlist Track Track
18:25:30 100mH W Semi 2 100mH W
18:26:00 One by one SF 2
18:26:30
18:27:00
18:27:30
18:28:00 100mH W
18:28:30 SF2 Live Results
18:29:00
18:29:30
Appendix 1

18:30:00 Mascot Clip Mascot Mascot Mascot Mascot Clip

18:30:30 Presentation Startlist Javelin Javelin
18:31:00 Javelin M Final M Final
18:31:30 One by One
18:32:00
18:32:30
18:33:00
18:33:30
18:34:00 Presentation
18:34:30 100mH W Semi 3 Startlist Track Track
18:35:00 One by one Javelin M 100mH W
18:35:30 Final SF 3
18:36:00
18:36:30
18:37:00 100mH W
SAMPLE RUNNING ORDER (STADIUM EVENTS)

18:37:30 SF3
18:38:00 Live Results

IAAF | Event Presentation Guidelines – May 2011

18:38:30
18:39:00
18:39:30
18:40:00 Medal Ceremony 4X400m M Mascot Mascot Mascot Mascot Clip
18:40:30 Medal Ceremony Integrated Integrated

11
Technical Delegates Guidelines

18:41:00 4X400m M
18:41:30 Podium
Technical Delegates Guidelines

Appendix 2

SAMPLE RUNNING ORDER (NON STADIUM EVENTS)

T im e Du ration V id eo
10.48.00 Logos 3m30s Logos
10.51.30 Sponsors Videos (in) 4m30s Sponsors Video
10.56.00 Welcome 1m30s PU2011 Logo
10.58.00 Programme (events+ceremony) 30s Timetable + Ceremonies
11.00.00 Op en in g C erem on y 20m
11.19.30 Condolences to Japan - Minute silence 1m Japan tribute
11.20.30 Celebrities Race highlights 3m30s Highlights
11.24.00 Competition Timetable 30s Timetable
11.24.30 Junior Women Race Presentation 30s Junior Women
11.25.00 Past Winners (5 years) 30s Past Winners
11.25.30 One year ago …. (Bydgoszcz clip) 45s Video
11.26.20 Circuit presentation 25s Circuit
11.26.45 Start list 45s SL by countries
11.27.30 Box by box presentation (ESP-ETH-KEN-UGA-JPN) 2m30s TV feed
11.30.00 Ju n ior Wom en - 6km ( 3 l ap s) Gu n
11.54.35 Junior Men Race Presentation 30s Junior Men
11.55.05 Past Winners (5 years) 30s Past Winners
11.55.35 One year ago ... (Bydgoszcz clip) 40s Video
11.56.20 Circuit presentation 25s Circuit
11.56.45 Start list 45s SL by countries
11.57.30 Box by box presentation (ERI-ESP-ETH-KEN-UGA) 2m30s TV feed
12.00.00 Ju n ior M en - 8km ( 4 l ap s) Gu n
12.30.00 Ju n ior Wom en M ed al C erem on y - In d ivid u al 4m
12.35.00 Ju n ior Wom en M ed al C erem on y - T eam s 4m
12.38.50 Senior Women Race Presentation 30s Senior Women
12.39.20 Past Winners (5 years) 30s Past Winners
12.39.50 One year ago … (Bydgoszcz clip) 1'35s Video
12.41.20 Circuit presentation 25s Circuit
12.41.45 Start list 45s SL by countries
12.42.30 Lane by lane presentation (ESP-ETH-KEN-MAR-POR-USA) 2m30s TV feed
12.4 5.00 Sen ior Wom en - 8 km ( 4 l ap s) Gu n
13.25.00 Ju n ior M en M ed al C erem on y - In d ivid u al 4m
13.30.00 Ju n ior M en M ed al C erem on y - T eam s 4m
13.33.45 Senior Men Race Presentation 30s Senor Men
13.34.15 Past Winners (5 years) 30s Past Winners
13.34.45 One year ago … (Bydgoszcz clip) 1'40s Video
13.36.25 Circuit presentation 25s Circuit
13.36.45 Start list 45s SL by countries
13.37.30 Lane by lane presentation (ERI-ESP-ETH-KEN-MAR-UGA) 2m30s TV feed
13.4 0.00 Sen ior T eam - 12km ( 6 l ap s) Gu n
14 .25.00 Sen ior Wom en M ed al C erem on y - In d ivid u al 4m
14 .30.00 Sen ior Wom en M ed al C erem on y - T eam s 4m
14 .35.00 Sen ior M en M ed al C erem on y - In d ivid u al 4m
14 .4 0.00 Sen ior M en M ed al C erem on y - T eam s 4m
14.45.00 End of the Competition 1m PU2011 World Champions
14.46.00 Sponsors Videos (out) 4m30s Videos
14.50.30 Logos 3m30s Logos
14.54.00 Finish

12 – IAAF Event Presentation Guidelines – May 2011

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

Appendix 3

EVENT PRESENTATION
Structure and Organisation

IAAF | Event Presentation Guidelines – May 2011 13

Technical Delegates Guidelines

Appendix 4

MEDAL CEREMONY ANNOUNCER SCRIPT

When everyone assembled behind the podium:

SHORT INTRODUCTION MUSIC

(Start of Medal Ceremony)

“Medal Ceremony for the [Event] i.e. Boys 100m”

“The medals will be presented by”:

[Name of the Representative, Function] ____________________________*

“Bronze Medallist”
Representing [Country]: ______________________________________

“Silver Medallist”
Representing [Country]: _______________________________________

“Gold Medallist, and World Youth Champion“

Representing (Country): _______________________________________

The national anthem of: _________________________________

(the winner’s country)

Anthem

“The Medallists in the (event) i.e. Boys 100m”

*NOTE: When the presenter is affiliated with the LOC, the reference should always be to the
[name of city] [year] Organising Committee. The word “local” should not be used.

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Appendix R
Technical Delegates Guidelines

IAAF TECHNICAL REGULATIONS FOR WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

101 GENERAL
101.1. The IAAF shall organise the IAAF World Championships every two years, in odd
years.
101.2. The full event title shall be IAAF World Championships followed by the venue and
year of the competition. A shorter version of the event title can be considered subject
to IAAF approval.
102 EVENTS PROGRAMME
102.1. The IAAF World Championships shall be held on nine consecutive days.
102.2. The programme shall comprise the following 47 events, 24 for Men and 23 for
Women:
102.2.1. Men
100 metres 3000m Steeplechase Discus Throw
200 metres 110m Hurdles Hammer Throw
400 metres 400m Hurdles Javelin Throw
800 metres High Jump Decathlon
1500 metres Pole Vault 20km Race Walk
5000 metres Long Jump 50km Race Walk
10,000 metres Triple Jump 4 x 100m Relay
Marathon Shot Put 4 x 400m Relay

102.2.2. Women
100 metres 3000m Steeplechase Discus Throw
200 metres 100m Hurdles Hammer Throw
400 metres 400m Hurdles Javelin Throw
800 metres High Jump Heptathlon
1500 metres Pole Vault 20km Race Walk
5000 metres Long Jump 4 x 100m Relay
10,000 metres Triple Jump 4 x 400m Relay
Marathon Shot Put
102.2.3. Events for Athletes with Disabilities
Two events, one male and one female, may be organised for athletes with
disabilities. The IAAF Council will approve if and which events will be
staged, after consultation with the Technical Delegates. All travel and
accommodation costs for athletes in these events will be paid by the Local
Organising Committee (LOC).

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103.1. Invitation to Participate

103.1. Invitation to Participate
All IAAF Member Federations, hereafter called "Members", shall be invited by the
IAAF General Secretary to participate in the IAAF World Championships. This
invitation, in the official languages of the IAAF, shall be sent at least one year before
the IAAF World Championships.
The Organising Member, hereafter called “OM”, shall, at the same time, also send a
letter of invitation to all Members to participate.
103.2. Age Categories
103.2.1. Junior Athletes
Any athlete aged 18 or 19 years on 31 December in the year of the
competition (e.g. for the 2015 Championships, born in 1996 or 1997) may
compete in any event except the Marathon and 50km Race Walk.
103.2.2. Youth Athletes
Any athlete aged 16 or 17 years on 31 December in the year of the
competition (e.g. for the 2013 Championships, born in 1998 or 1999) may
compete in any event except the throwing events, the Combined Events,
10,000m, Marathon and the Race Walks.
103.2.3. Athletes Younger than 16
No athlete younger than 16 years of age on 31 December in the year of the
competition (e.g. for the 2015 Championships, born in 2000 or later) may be
entered.
103.3. Participation Principles
103.3.1 General
The IAAF shall establish the ideal number of athletes (and relay teams) to
start in each event of the Championships. This number will include qualified
and unqualified athletes (and relay teams).
Individual Athletes can qualify in one of four ways:
1. Automatically by achieving the Entry Standard within the qualification
period in accordance with criteria decided by IAAF (see 103.3.2)
2. Based on the finishing position at designated competitions (see 103.3.3)
3. By Wild Card (see 103.3.4)
4. As a result of being one of the best ranked athletes at the end of the
qualification period to fill the remaining quota places by event (see
103.3.5). This does not apply to the 5000m, 10,000m, Marathons and
Race Walks where entries will continue to be administered by entry
standards only
Relay Teams can qualify in one of two ways:
1. Automatically as being one of the first eight placed teams at the IAAF
World Relays held in the year preceding the IAAF World
Championships
Unqualified athletes (including host country) can participate subject to
certain conditions (see 103.3.6).
103.3.2 Qualification by Entry Standards
There shall be one Entry Standard for each individual event. The IAAF shall
publish the Entry Standards and relevant criteria in the year preceding the
IAAF World Championships as follows:

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- In March/April for the 10,000m, Marathon, Race Walk and Combined

Events
- In November for all other events.
103.3.3 Qualification by Finishing Position at Designated Competitions
Athletes shall also be considered as having achieved the Entry Standard in
the following cases:
 The Area Champions in all the individual events (except for the
Marathons). The Member Federation of the Area Champion will have
the ultimate authority to enter the athlete or not, based on its own
selection criteria. For details see specific Regulations at the end of the
section.
 For the 10,000m, the top 15 athletes finishing in the senior Men’s and
Women’s races at the previous edition of the IAAF World Cross Country
Championships.
 For the Combined Events, the top three in the previous year’s Men’s
and Women’s IAAF Combined Events Challenge.
 For the 20km Race Walk, the top three in the previous year’s Men’s and
Women’s IAAF World Race Walking Challenge.
 For the Marathons, the top 10 finishers at the IAAF Gold Label
Marathons held in the qualification period.
103.3.4 Qualification by Wild Card
The IAAF will accept the participation of the current Reigning World
Outdoor Champion and that of the Winner of the previous year’s IAAF
Diamond League (in the corresponding World Championships events) and
Hammer Throw Challenge as wild cards, in each individual event, on the
condition that the athlete in question is entered by his Federation. If both are
from the same country, only one of the two can be entered with this wild
card.
If a Federation has four athletes in one event as a result of this regulation,
all four will be permitted to compete. For the Marathon see 103.4.3
Any Member having athletes selected under this rule will receive additional
Quotas (see 104.1.) accordingly.
103.3.5 Qualification by Ranking
Individual Events: following the end of the qualification period, the IAAF
shall assess the number of athletes having qualified in accordance with
103.3.2, 103.3.3 and 103.3.4 plus the requests for the participation of
unqualified athletes (including host country athletes). The IAAF shall then
invite the athletes with the next best performances in the respective
qualification periods until the established ideal number of athletes by event
is reached, respecting the maximum quota by Member Federation by event.
In both cases, a maximum of three athletes will be allowed to compete (see
103.4.8).
Relays: following the end of the qualification period, and knowing the Relay
Teams that have qualified from the IAAF World Relays, the IAAF shall then
invite the teams with the next best performances in the qualification period
until the established ideal number of Relay Teams by event is reached.

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103.3.6 Participation of Unqualified Athletes

Members who have no male and/or no female athletes who have achieved
the Entry Standard (or qualified relay team), may enter one unqualified male
athlete or one unqualified female athlete in one event of the Championships
(except the Road Events and Field Events [see below], Combined Events,
10,000m and 3000m Steeplechase).
Members whose best athlete excels in a Field Event or Road Event, may
submit to the IAAF, by the stipulated deadline, the name of their athlete plus
performance they would like to enter. The Technical Delegates will decide
whether or not to accept such entry and, to do so, may seek the opinion of
the relevant Area Association.
If the Host Country of the IAAF World Championships does not have an
athlete who has achieved the Entry Standard in an event, or a qualified
Relay Team, it may enter one athlete (or Relay Team) in that event
regardless, with the exception of the Combined Events and Field Events
where the above shall apply.
103.3.7 Qualification Period
- From 1 January in the year preceding the IAAF World Championships
to the closing date for the Final Entries for the 10,000m, Marathon, Race
Walk, Relays and Combined Events
- From 1 October in the year preceding the IAAF World Championships
to the closing date for the Final Entries for all other events
103.4. Entry Rules
103.4.1. Member Federations can compete with up to three athletes in each event
with the exception of the Marathon (see 103.4.3) and Relays (see 103.4.4)
on condition that they are all qualified. A fourth athlete can compete as the
Reigning World Champion or Diamond League / Hammer Throw Challenge
Winner wild card – see 103.3.4.
103.4.2. Member Federations can enter a reserve athlete in each event on condition
that he has achieved the Entry Standard.
103.4.3. Marathon – Member Federations can compete with up to five athletes on
condition that they are all qualified. If the Reigning World Champion is
entered as a wild card, he must be within the five.
103.4.4. Relay Teams – A maximum of six athletes may be entered for each Relay
Team. All athletes already entered in the corresponding individual events
(100m or 400m) including the eventual reserve shall automatically count
towards the six entries of the team. Any four athletes among those entered
for the competition, whether for the relay or for any other event, may then
be used in the composition of the team for the first round.
103.5. Preliminary Entries
IAAF shall only accept Preliminary Entries received from the Member Federation.
Preliminary Entries must be submitted using the IAAF On-line Event Entry System:
http://evententry.iaaf.org. The submission of Preliminary Entries will normally be
possible from one month prior to the preliminary entry deadline which is four months
before the first day of the IAAF World Championships. The entries shall indicate the
number of athletes and officials as well as the anticipated travel dates and
accommodation requirements.

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103.6. Final Entries

IAAF shall only accept Final Entries received from the Member Federation. Final
Entries must be submitted using the IAAF On-line Event Entry System:
http://evententry.iaaf.org. The submission of Final Entries on-line for the competition
will be possible from one month prior to the final entry deadline which is not later than
two Mondays before the first day of competition (e.g. Monday, 13 August for a
competition starting on Friday, 24 August), midnight Monaco time.
103.7. Final Confirmation of Entries
Unless otherwise specified in the Team Manual, for events held on the first day, Final
Confirmation of Entries must be made before 12:00 (midday) two days before the
first competition day and, for all subsequent days, before 9:00am on the day before
the event.
103.8. Team Uniform
All athletes of the team shall wear the same colour competition uniform during the
competition and in all ceremonies. The uniform must conform to IAAF Rules and
Regulations. All Members must bring their team uniform to the accreditation centre
for inspection, during the accreditation procedures.
103.9. Team Officials
The number of officials who may be entered and/or accommodated with the Team is
limited and will be in accordance with the total number of athletes entered. See
Appendix B.
104 FINANCIAL CONDITIONS
104.1. Quota
The quota corresponds to the number of athletes for whom the IAAF and/or the LOC
will provide financial support. It may vary from one edition of the event to the next
depending on the financial agreement with the LOC. Athletes within the quota will
receive financial support as below.
The host country has no quota.
104.2. Financial support
All athletes within the quota, representing Members which are in Good Standing with
the IAAF, will benefit from return economy class travel and full-board accommodation.
104.2.1 Travel
The IAAF or the LOC will, in principle, make all the travel arrangements for
the athletes, unless a specific written request is sent to the IAAF Office (by
a set deadline) which includes a quote for approval. The IAAF will then
confirm or reject the request. After the deadline, the IAAF reserves the right
to refuse such requests.
104.2.2 Accommodation
All athletes within the quota will benefit from full-board accommodation in
twin rooms paid for by the LOC for a maximum of 13 nights, during the
subsidised period of the IAAF World Championships (a supplement will be
charged for single room occupancy).
The number of officials accommodated at subsidised rates is limited (see
Appendix B). Depending on availability, the additional officials allowed may
be offered accommodation at regular rates.

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The accommodation invoice will be based on the entry details (number of

people, arrival and departure dates) submitted by the Final Entries deadline,
with a tolerance of two.
104.3. Competition Awards
Competition Awards will be paid subject to the procedure established by the IAAF
Council.
104.4. Penalties
Members must respect the deadlines and provide accurate information in their entries
in order to avoid causing financial damage to the LOC. Failure to do so may result in
the application of financial penalties as detailed below. The penalties will be debited
to the account of the Member with the IAAF.
104.4.1. Respect of Deadlines
A penalty of $1,000 USD may be imposed on any Federation which does
not respect the Preliminary and/or Final Entry deadlines.
104.4.2. Realistic Entries
A penalty of $1,000 USD per athlete, after the first two, may be imposed on
Members which:
after having announced through the Preliminary Entries their participation in
an IAAF competition do not take part;
after having entered in the Preliminary Entries more than two athletes,
attend the competition with a number of athletes 25% or more higher or
lower than the entered number.
105 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF THE IAAF COUNCIL
The IAAF Council shall:
105.1. approve the Technical Regulations of the IAAF World Championships;
105.2. decide the venue and date of the IAAF World Championships at the most appropriate
Council Meeting to be held after the closing date for applications (normally five years
before the year of the Competition);
105.3. approve the Entry Standards and the Timetable of events, as proposed by the
Technical Delegates for the Event, at least eighteen months before the Competition
(for the approval dates of the Entry Standards see 103.3.1);
105.4. approve the formula for the Quota and its benefit with regard to travel and
accommodation;
105.5. decide the rotation of Council Members for the Jury of Appeal;
105.6. approve the events to be staged for athletes with disabilities (if proposed by the
LOC;
105.7. appoint the relevant International Delegates and Officials (see 106.2)
106 DELEGATES AND OFFICIALS
106.1. General
106.1.1. The LOC shall receive IAAF Delegates and Officials, as shown below.
Travel and accommodation expenses (hereafter called "expenses") will be
in accordance with IAAF procedures, i.e. LOC shall pay the travel costs
for all Delegates; in economy class for all journeys up to 2,500 kilometres
and in business class for all journeys longer than 2,500 kilometres. Full
board accommodation costs are the financial responsibility of the LOC.

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106.1.2. Whenever possible, on at least two occasions the preparatory visits on

behalf of Delegates shall be conducted simultaneously.
106.1.3 No IAAF appointed Delegate may be a member of his country's delegation.
106.1.4 All Delegates and Officials shall act in conformity with current IAAF Rules,
Regulations and Guidelines and shall have the ultimate authority in their
respective fields of responsibility.
106.1.5. The LOC shall supply the Organisational Delegate, Technical Delegates,
Press Delegate, Television Delegate, Medical Delegate, Anti-Doping
Delegate, Chief ITO, the Chief Race Walking Judge and Photo
Commissioner with a mobile phone each, complete with a local chip and
will pay for all calls. It shall also supply an appropriate communication
system (to be defined by the Technical Delegates) for the IRWJs and ITOs.
106.2. International Delegates and Officials appointed by the IAAF Council
106.2.1. One Organisational Delegate (OD)
He is appointed three years before the competition.
He is the liaison between the IAAF Council, the Organising
Member/Committee, the City and all other appointed Delegates. He shall,
at all times, retain responsibility for ensuring that the IAAF World
Championships are organised to the established standards.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Organisational Delegate for a
period of not more than five days before the Competition until a maximum
of two days after the Competition, and for preliminary visits whenever
deemed necessary by the IAAF for the successful staging of the
Competition.
106.2.2. Three Technical Delegates (TDs)
They are appointed three years before the competition.
In particular the Technical Delegates shall submit to the Council proposals
for:
 the Entry Standards;
 the Timetable, which shall have been drawn up together with the LOC
and been given to the relevant television authorities for comment;
 the events for athletes with disabilities.
Their other duties include:
 They shall approve the courses for the Marathon and Race Walking
events;
 They shall approve the accommodation, together with the
Organisational Delegate, for the athletes and officials;
 They shall ensure that all technical equipment is checked and conforms
to IAAF requirements;
 They shall determine and approve the make and type of Implements to
be used at least one year before the Competition. The implements must
have IAAF Certification (see 107.3.);
 A Technical Delegate shall chair the Technical Meeting.
The agreement of the Technical Delegates must be sought in advance on
all matters relating to the technical conduct of the Competition.

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The LOC shall bear the expenses of one Technical Delegate for a period of
not more than ten days before the Competition until a maximum of two days
after the Competition and for two Technical Delegates for a period of not
more than five days before the Competition until a maximum of two days
after the Competition, and for preliminary visits whenever deemed
necessary by the IAAF for the successful staging of the Competition.
106.2.3. Jury of Appeal
The Jury of Appeal shall be the Council of the IAAF on rotation (excluding
those members who are IAAF-nominated Delegates and officials) plus one
member who is currently, or previously was, an IAAF International Technical
Official, seven members of which shall be on duty each day. A Chairman of
the Jury and a permanent Secretary to the Jury shall be appointed.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Members of the Jury of Appeal for
a period of not more than two days before the Competition until one day
after the Competition.
106.2.4. One Television Delegate
He is appointed three years before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Television Delegate for a period of
not more than five days before the Competition until one day after the
Competition, and for a maximum of three preliminary visits.
106.2.5. One Medical Delegate
He is appointed two years before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Medical Delegate for a period of
not more than three days before the Competition until one day after the
Competition, and for one preliminary visit.
106.2.6. One Anti-Doping Delegate
He is appointed two years before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Anti-Doping Delegate for a period
of not more than three days before the Competition until one day after the
Competition, and for one preliminary visit.
106.2.7. One Press Delegate
He is appointed two years before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Press Delegate for a period of not
more than five days before the Competition until one day after the
Competition, and for a maximum of three preliminary visits.
106.2.8. One Photographers’ Commissioner
He is appointed two years before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Photographers’ Commissioner for
a period of not more than five days before the Competition until one day
after the Competition and for a maximum of two preliminary visits.
106.2.9. Ten International Technical Officials (ITOs)
They are appointed one year before the Competition and shall be selected
from the IAAF Panel. One amongst them shall be appointed Chief ITO.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the ITOs for a period of not more than
three days before the Competition until one day after the Competition.

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106.2.10.One Chief and Eight Other International Race Walking Judges (IRWJs)
They shall be appointed one year before the Competition and shall be
selected from the IAAF Panel.
Up to four additional IRWJs may be appointed (on the recommendation of
the Technical Delegates), depending on the distance of the walking course
from the finish.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the IRWJs for a period of not more than
one day before the first Race Walking event until one day after the last Race
Walking event and for one preliminary visit of the Chief IRWJ (if required by
the TDs and to take place at the same time as one of the Technical Site
Visits). The Chief IRWJ must be on site one day before the Technical
Meeting.
106.2.11.Two Assistants to the Race Walking Chief Judge and Two Recorders
If it is deemed by the IAAF that there is not sufficiently qualified personnel
in the Host Country to fulfil these roles, the IAAF shall appoint one or two
Assistants to the Race Walking Chief Judge and one or two Recorders.
Otherwise such personnel may be appointed by the LOC upon approval of
the IAAF.
They are appointed one year before the Competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the two Recorders and two Chief
Judge’s Assistants for a period of not more than one day before the first
Race Walking event until one day after the last Race Walking event.

106.2.12.One IAAF/AIMS Grade “A” International Road Race Course Measurer

The Course Measurer shall be appointed from the relevant Panel, one year
before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Road Race Course Measurer for a
period of not more than two days before the first Road Race event until one
day after the last Road Race event and for one preliminary visit to measure
the courses or, if these courses have been previously measured and
certified, confirm the routes and to attend the laying down of the coloured
line denoting the measurement line.
106.2.13.One International Starter (IS)
The selected International Starter must be a member of the IAAF Panel and
shall be appointed one year before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the IS for a period of three days before
the Competition until one day after the Competition.
106.2.14.One International Photo Finish Judge (IPFJ)
The IPFJ selected must be a member of the IAAF Panel and shall be
appointed one year before the competition.
The photo finish image should be read by a team of three persons:
 The International Photo Finish Judge;
 One official proposed by the OM (National Photo Finish Judge);
 One person proposed by the appointed timing company.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the IPFJ for a period of two days before
the Competition until one day after the Competition.

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106.2.15.Two Statisticians
They shall be appointed one year before the competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Statisticians for a period of not
more than five days before the Competition until one day after the
Competition;
106.2.16.Two English and Two French Speaking Announcers.
They are appointed one year before the Competition.
The LOC shall bear the expenses of the Announcers for a period of not more
than two days before the Competition until one day after the Competition.
106.3. National Competition Officials appointed by the OM
The OM is responsible for the appointment of all National Referees, Judges and other
Technical Officials, whose competence must be guaranteed. The Referees must be
approved by the IAAF Technical Delegates.
107 TECHNICAL MATTERS AND REQUIREMENTS
107.1 Facilities
107.1.1 Main Stadium
The IAAF World Championships shall be held in a stadium conforming in all
respects with the requirements of IAAF Rules and must hold a Class 1 IAAF
Athletic Facility Certificate.
The infield shall be natural grass or covered in a synthetic surface approved
by the IAAF.
It should have a roof covering all the seating and must have a minimum
capacity of 30,000 spectators.
The track facility must be of a single radius bend construction, or if of a
double radius bend design, the smaller radius may not be less than 30.00.
107.1.2. Warm-up Facility
It is mandatory that there be a Warm-up facility, including a separate area
for Long Throws, ideally within easy walking distance of the stadium. The
track must be a 400m standard track with at least 6 oval lanes and the
surface product should be the same as that in the main stadium.
107.1.3. Road Race Courses
The Road Race courses shall comply with the requirements of IAAF Rules
230.10 (Race Walks) and Rule 240 (Marathons). They shall be measured
by the IAAF/AIMS approved Grade “A” International Road Race Measurer
appointed by the IAAF who shall attend the IAAF World Championships to
validate that the courses used are as measured.
The courses must comply with the criteria for an IAAF Road World Record
(Rule 260.28 and 260.29).
In the case of the Marathons, the course shall be designed in accordance
with the recommendations contained in the IAAF publication “Distance
Running Manual” and a distinctive, coloured line denoting the course
measured must be marked on the road (IAAF Rule 240.3). It is also
mandatory that low emission vehicles be used for the lead car as well as for
the media lead car.

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107.1.4. Training Areas

Adequate training facilities must be provided to ensure training possibilities
for all events at appropriate times. The TDs shall inspect and decide upon
the most suitable facilities during the Site Visit(s).
107.1.5. Technical Offices and Rooms
A number of technical and functional offices and rooms must be provided
by the LOC.
A basic list is as follows:
 Call Room at the warm-up facility and in the main stadium;
 A Mixed Zone for Media interviews
 A Post Event Area where athletes are able to recover and collect their
clothing
 A Photo Finish control room
 A Results Management room
 A gathering area for the Medal Ceremonies
 A Doping Control station, the location and layout of which needs to be
agreed with the Anti-Doping Delegate;
 A Technical Information Centre (TIC) located at the Stadium;
 Competition Information Desks (CIDs) located at the athletes’
accommodation venue(s);
 A rest area for the Combined Events athletes at the main stadium;
 Adequate seats close to the Field Event sites need to be reserved by
the LOC for the Field Events coaches. Such seats cannot therefore be
sold and access can be granted by form of a pass or tickets.
 Seating for the Teams
The TDs shall inspect and decide upon the most suitable solutions during
the Site Visit(s).
107.2 Technical Services
107.2.1. False Start Control Timing
Starting blocks must be fitted with approved false start detection apparatus,
which must have an automatic recall system. Fully Automatic Timing and
Photo Finish System must be used. Transponder timing will be used
additionally in the out-of-stadium events and may also be used for back-up
and lap counting purposes.
107.2.2. Measurement
Scientific distance measuring equipment must be provided and shall be
used as appropriate.
107.2.3 Video Recording
It is mandatory that a dedicated video system be provided to record all
events (IAAF Rule 150). Such recordings shall be made in accordance with
the IAAF Guidelines (see Appendix A).
107.2.4 Race Walking Events Communication System
The use of an electronic communication system for all Race Walking events
is obligatory. This should be composed of posting boards and hand-held
devices with transmission capability for communicating the Red Cards to
the Recorder.

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107.2.5. Video Boards

It is mandatory that the LOC obtain, and pay for, at least two adequately
sized video boards in the stadium for the public showing of the television
signal. The size of such boards shall be agreed with the IAAF in advance.
There must also be at least one electronic scoreboard to display results.
107.2.6. Public Address System
The main stadium must be provided with a suitable sound system for public
address and event presentation purposes.
107.3. Implements
107.3.1. Official Implements List
The TDs, in conjunction with the LOC and based on the implements most
commonly used by major international Athletes, shall determine a list of
Official Implements which the LOC shall provide to the athletes free of
charge. In principle a minimum of six items shall be required for each
implement, to cover the needs of the competition, warm-up and training
venues.
107.3.2. Additional implements
Further Implements may be added to the approved list if requested by
Members or by Manufacturers with the endorsement of a Member
Federation (by a deadline set by the Technical Delegates) and if supplied to
the LOC free of charge (by a deadline set by the Technical Delegates).
However, all such implements must have IAAF certification and be
approved by the Technical Delegates. Six items of each additional
implement shall be required.
107.3.3. Personal Implements
Personal implements may be allowed, providing they are readily identifiable,
they have a current IAAF certification, they are not on the official list and
have been checked for compliance with the Rules in accordance with the
Technical Delegates’ instructions. These implements must be available for
use by the other participants until the end of the event.
107.3.4. Usage Statistics
The LOC must keep an accurate record of the implements (official or
personal) used during the competition and produce usage statistics to be
used for the purpose of compiling suitable official implements lists for future
competitions.
107.4. Equipment
107.4.1. Competition Equipment
All competition equipment must be in accordance with current IAAF Rules.
107.4.2. Equipment for Warm-up and Training Areas
The LOC must provide adequate and sufficient equipment for all warm-up
and training venues.
107.5. Team Manual
The LOC, in close cooperation with the IAAF, is responsible for the production of a
Team Manual. The Team Manual must be posted on the LOC website (and be
available for download) no less than two months before the competition and Members
informed. A printed version must be available for distribution on site, upon teams’
arrival.

12 – IAAF Technical Regulations for World Championships – January 2014

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

107.6. Training in the Competition Stadium

Athletes shall be given an opportunity to inspect and, if possible, train in the main
competition stadium on at least one occasion prior to the start of the championships.
Such training to be no more than two hours in duration and should normally be
arranged one or two days before the competition at a time when most of the athletes
are on site and which would not conflict with other activities in the stadium or the
general organisation of the event.
107.7. Technical Meeting
Two days prior to the first day of the Competition, a Technical Meeting will be held
which not more than two representatives (and, if necessary, an interpreter) from each
delegation may attend. The LOC shall provide simultaneous translation in five
languages (English, French, Spanish, Russian and Arabic) if the meeting takes place
immediately after the Congress and in the same venue. If the meeting is at another
venue, simultaneous translation must be provided in English and French.
107.8. Bibs and Hip Numbers
The athletes’ bibs (including those for the Medal Ceremonies), as well as the hip
numbers, will be provided by IAAF.
107.9. Athletes Behaviour
Any athletes’ behaviour which infringes the rights of the sponsors can lead to the
application of financial penalties.

107.10 Special Technical Rules for the World Championships

107.10.1 Preliminary Round for the 100m
In the Men’s and Women’s 100m, where the majority of unqualified athletes
are entered, all unqualified athletes shall be required to compete in a
Preliminary Round the results of which shall determine which athletes shall
proceed to the Round One of the event. Qualified athletes shall be entered
directly in Round One.
107.10.2 Seedings, Draws and Qualification in Track Events
To accommodate the large number of entries in some events, alternate
tables to those provided for in Rule 166.2 may be used by the Technical
Delegates for seeding, draws and qualifications in Track Events. See
Alternate Tables in Appendix C.
108 PROTOCOL MATTERS
108.1. Opening Ceremony
108.1.1. The IAAF World Championships shall have an Opening Ceremony which
may take place either at the main Stadium or at an alternative venue
proposed by the LOC.
108.1.2. The LOC shall submit its general plan for the Opening Ceremony for IAAF
approval.
108.1.3. The involvement of athletes and officials, which has to be discussed and
agreed with the IAAF, is not essential, however all participating
delegations shall be represented in the Opening Ceremony, at minimum
by:

IAAF | Technical Regulations for World Championships – January 2014 13

Technical Delegates Guidelines

 A placard for each participating delegation bearing the name of the

country/territory;
 The official flag of each participating country/territory.
Both shall be paraded into the Opening Ceremony venue in a way and at
a time to be proposed by the LOC.
108.1.4. The names of the delegations shall be in the language of the host country
(but in Roman script) and/or in English, and in accordance with those listed
under IAAF Constitution Article 4.
108.1.5. At the end of the parade, when everyone is assembled, the official sequence
of the Opening Ceremony shall take place as follows:
 Anthem of the Host Country;
 Welcome by the President of the LOC or his representative;
 Speech by the IAAF President or his representative;
 Opening of the IAAF World Championships by the Head of State or his
representative;
 Raising of the IAAF Flag in the Stadium while the IAAF Anthem is
played.
108.1.6. The LOC can plan some form of entertainment before and after the parade
and official sequence of the Ceremony but the start and finish times, as well
as the content, shall be agreed in advance with the IAAF.
108.2 Medal Ceremonies
108.2.1. Gold, Silver and Bronze medals shall be presented to the first three placed
athletes in each individual event and to the first three placed relay teams
who shall mount the awards podium.
For relay teams, the four athletes of each team who competed in the Final
shall mount the awards podium. Other athletes (maximum two) who
competed for any of these teams in the competition will subsequently
receive their medals. It is the LOC’s duty to ensure that each team is given
the correct number of medals.
In all cases, the medals will be presented in ascending order: third, second,
first.
108.2.2 The medals shall be presented by one person appointed by the IAAF.
108.2.3 The awards podium should, whenever possible, be located outside the
infield in a location to be agreed by the IAAF. The Medal Ceremony shall
begin once all athletes and the presenting person are in position behind the
awards podium. The Medal Ceremony shall consist of each athlete or team
being presented their medals, followed by the national anthem of the first
placed athlete or team together with the raising of the flags of the respective
countries.
When the Marathon and / or Race Walk finish outside the Stadium, the
corresponding Medal Ceremonies, subject to the approval of the IAAF, may
take place at the road events finish area.
108.2.4 No medal ceremonies should normally be held after the last event of the
session.
108.2.5 The LOC is responsible for the design (which must be submitted to the IAAF
for approval by the IAAF Council at least six months before the competition),
production and costs of the medals (78 sets of gold, silver and bronze) as
follows (according to the present competition programme):

14 – IAAF Technical Regulations for World Championships – January 2014

 Technical Delegates Guidelines

 22 for men’s individual events;

 21 for women’s individual events;
 24 for the four relay races (six per set, male and female);
 2 for events for athletes with disabilities (if confirmed);
 3 for the IAAF’s archive;
 3 for any eventual doping cases;
 3 for any eventual ties.
108.3 Closing Ceremony
The IAAF World Championships must have a Closing Ceremony and IAAF shall be
given the opportunity to comment on the content of the Ceremony. The most
important aspect is the handing over of the IAAF Flag to a representative of the OM
and/or City of the next edition of the IAAF World Championships.
AREA CHAMPIONS AUTOMATIC QUALIFICATION REGULATIONS
In November 2007 the IAAF Council approved the principle by which the Area Champions
automatically qualify for the IAAF World Championships. This principle was implemented for the
first time for the 2009 edition in Berlin, GER.
Below are the specific Regulations which govern the application of this principle.
1. The Area Champion in each individual event (except the Marathons) automatically qualifies for
the IAAF World Championships, irrespective of whether his performance has reached the” A”
or “B” standard.
2. The Area Champion shall be the one who has achieved the title at the Area Championships
held in the year of the IAAF World Championships or in the preceding year.
3. If an Area does not have Area Championships in those years, then the Area may organise an
alternate event to select the Area Champion in that period.
4. The Member Federation of the Area Champion will have the ultimate authority to enter the
athlete or not, based on its own domestic standard or qualification system.
5. If the Member Federation of the Area Champion enters the athlete, he will be considered as
having achieved the “A” standard.
6. If the Area Champion, due to any reason, is not entered, this quota will not be delegated to the
second placed athlete and the normal entry rules and conditions apply.
7. For those Area Championships that do not have certain events, the Area Associations can
organise alternate Area specific event Championships with conditions conforming to Area
Championships Regulations.
8. For an Area having restricted Area Championships, the Area Association may specify an
existing competition of a suitable standard for the purpose of identifying the Area Champion. In
such cases, it is necessary that all Member Federations within the Area be invited to compete
in this Competition.
9. For the Marathon, the current qualification principles still apply.

IAAF | Technical Regulations for World Championships – January 2014 15

Appendix S

IAAF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

1. NTRODUCTION
This document is designed to standardise and explain the common terms and abbreviations used in
athletics, mostly at the international level and mainly focused on IAAF events.

2. EVENT TITLES AND ORDER

This list comprises all events staged in IAAF World Athletics Series (WAS) competitions. Listing of
events should be according to the following order. When listed separately, men’s events are listed
before women’s events (for competition abbreviations see section 8).
EVENT Abbreviation M/F WCH WIC WJC WYC ICC WXC WRW WHM IWR
60 Metres 60m M/F 
100 Metres 100m M/F    
200 Metres 200m M/F    
400 Metres 400m M/F     
800 Metres 800m M/F     
1500 Metres 1500m M/F     
3000 Metres 3000m M/F   F 
5000 Metres 5000m M/F   
10,000 Metres 10,000m M/F  M
Half Marathon (21.0975
HMar M/F 
km)
Marathon (42.195 km) Mar M/F 
2000 Metres Steeplechase 2000mSC M/F 
3000 Metres Steeplechase 3000mSC M/F   
60 Metres Hurdles 60mH M/F 
110 Metres Hurdles 110mH M    
100 Metres Hurdles 100mH F    
400 Metres Hurdles 400mH M/F    
High Jump HJ M/F     
Pole Vault PV M/F     
Long Jump LJ M/F     
Triple Jump TJ M/F     
Shot Put SP M/F     
Discus Throw DT M/F    
Hammer Throw HT M/F    
Javelin Throw JT M/F    
Pentathlon Pen F 
Heptathlon Hep M/F    
Decathlon Dec M  
5000 Metres Race Walk 5000mRW M/F 
10,000 Metres Race Walk 10,000mRW M/F  
10 Kilometres Race Walk 10kmRW M/F 

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 IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

EVENT Abbreviation M/F WCH WIC WJC WYC ICC WXC WRW WHM IWR
20 Kilometres Race Walk 20kmRW M/F  
50 Kilometres Race Walk 50kmRW M  
4 x 100 Metres Relay 4 x 100mR M/F    
4 x 200 Metres Relay 4 x 200mR M/F 
4 x 400 metres Relay 4 x 400mR MF     
4 x 800 Metres Relay 4 x 800mR M/F 
4 x 1500 Metres Relay 4 x 1500mR M/F 
Medley Relay MedleyR M/F 
Senior Race 12km SM M 
Junior Race 8km JM M 
Senior Race 8km SW F 
Junior Race 6km JW F 

3. COMPETITIONS
International Competitions are defined in Rule 1.1. For the purpose of this document, competitions
either organised directly by the IAAF, or where the IAAF has direct control, are listed below.
3.1 IAAF World Athletics Series and Olympic Games – IAAF Rule 1.1 (a)
Competition Abbreviation Comments
IAAF World Championships WCH
IAAF World Indoor Championships WIC
IAAF World Junior Championships WJC
IAAF World Youth Championships WYC
Participating Teams: Africa (AFR), Americas (AME), Asia-
IAAF Continental Cup ICC
Pacific (APA), Europe (EUR)
IAAF World Cross Country
WXC
Championships
IAAF World Race Walking Cup WRW
IAAF World Half Marathon
WHM
Championships
IAAF World Relays IWR A pioneer (new) event (not an official WAS event)
IAAF responsible for the organisation of the athletics
Olympic Games OG
competition
IAAF responsible for the organisation of the athletics
Youth Olympic Games YOG
competition

3.2 International Invitation Meetings and competitions which are categorised by the IAAF as
part of the global structure and approved by the IAAF Council – IAAF Rule 1.1 (e)
Competition Abbreviation
IAAF Diamond League IDL
IAAF World Challenge IWC
IAAF Combined Events Challenge
IAAF Hammer Throw Challenge
IAAF Race Walking Challenge
IAAF Indoor Permit Meetings
IAAF Cross Country Permit Meetings
IAAF Road Race Labels (Gold, Silver, Bronze)

2 October 2013
IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

3.3 International Competitions conducted by IAAF Partner Organisations under IAAF Permit.
- Mountain Running Championships and Meetings
- Ultradistance Running Championships
- Masters Athletics Championships

4. STAGES OF THE COMPETITION

4.1 Track Events
Track Events with four phases are referred to as:
- Stage 1: Preliminary Round – when applicable (Prelim.)
- Stage 2: Round 1 (R1)
- Stage 3: Semi-Final (SF)
- Stage 4: Final (F)
Track Events with three phases are referred to as:
- Stage 1: Round 1 (R1)
- Stage 2: Semi-Final (SF)
- Stage 3: Final (F)
Track Events with two phases are referred to as:
- Stage 1: Round 1 (R1)
- Stage 2: Final (F)
Track Events with one stage only are called Final.
The Preliminary Round, Round 1 and Semi-Finals comprise two or more Heats
Note: The opening stage of a Track Event shall always be called Round 1 (not Semi-Final)
except in the case of a straight Final or when a Preliminary Round is held.
4.2 Field Events
Field Events with two phases are referred to as:
- Stage 1: Qualifying Round (can comprise one Group or two Groups: Group A and Group
B)
- Stage 2: Final
Field Events with one stage only are called Final.
4.3 Combined Events
Combined Events comprise a number of different Track and Field Events.
Track Events within Combined Events shall be called Heats (Heat 1, Heat 2).
Field Events within Combined Events shall be called Groups (Group A and Group B).
4.4 Road Events
Road Events and Cross Country Events are conducted with one stage only called Final.

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 IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

5. PERFORMANCES
5.1 Time Performances
A colon between hours and minutes and minutes and seconds.
Example: 2:04:55 (2 hours, 4 minutes and 55 seconds)
A decimal point between seconds and tenths / hundredths.
Example: 9.92 (9 seconds and 92/100ths)
Example: 1:41.73 (1 minute, 41 seconds and 73/100ths)
Example: 10.2 (10 seconds and 2/10ths)
Example: 1:45.8 (1 minute, 45 seconds and 8/10ths)
5.2 Distance / Height Performances
All distances and heights shall be expressed in metres and decimals of metres.
Examples: 2.35, 5.95, 7.95, 17.35, 21.92, 70.65, 86.94
5.3 Special Performance Codes
Performances may be achieved in special conditions. In these cases, special codes are
associated to the performance to explain the specific characteristics:
A Altitude over 1000m
DOB Date of birth
i Indoors
o High Jump or Pole Vault clearance
Q Qualified by right (achieved qualifying place or standard)
q Qualified on time (Track Events) or distance / height (Field Events)
w Wind-assisted (>2 m/s)
W Wind-Assisted Combined Event score (>4 m/s)
e Exhibition
When no performance is recorded the following codes are used:
- Pass in Field Event trials
DNS Did not start
DNF Did not finish
DQ Disqualified
NM No mark recorded
r Retired (abandoned competition)
x Failure in Field Events

6. RECORDS AND STATISTICAL INFORMATION

There are performances which are statistically significant because they represent an improvement
compared to the previous performance in the same event. In this case they are identified with a code
and can be of three types:
6.1 Records
Can be outdoor or indoor, can be geographical (World, Area, National), in relation to a type of
competition (Olympic Games, Championships, Meetings, Indoor) or to an age group (Junior).
In the case of World Records, these are recognised for a limited number of events and age
groups
(Rules 260 - 264).
e.g.: WJR = World Junior Record; AJR = Area Junior Record; CR = Championship Record

4 October 2013
IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

6.2 Best Performances

Are used for those events and / or age category where official world records are not
recognised of for individual events of Combined Events and for individual athletes’
performances also in relation to an identified period (qualification, season)
e.g.: WYB = World Youth Best; PB = Personal Best
6.3 Leading Performances
Used to indicate the best performance in the world in the year
e.g.: WL = World Leading; WYL = World Youth Leading
Outdoor Indoor
RECORD Performances
Senior Junior Youth Senior Junior
World WR WJR WIR WJIR
Olympic OR YOR
Area AR AJR AIR AJIR
National NR NJR NIR NJIR
Championship (or Competition) CR CR CR CR
Meeting MR
Outdoor Indoor
BEST Performances
Senior Junior Youth Senior Junior
World WB WJB WYB WIB WJIB
World (Dec/Hep/Pen) WDB/WHB WDJB/WHJB WDYB/WHYB WHIB/WPIB WHJIB/WPJIB
Olympic (Dec/Hep) ODB/OHB
Area AB AJB AYB AIB AJIB
Area (Dec/Hep/Pen) ADB/AHB ADJB/AHJB ADYB/AHYB AHIB/APIB AHJIB/APJIB
National NB NJB NYB NIB NJIB
National (Dec/Hep/Pen) NDB/NHB NDJB/NHJB NDYB/NHYB NHIB/NPIB NHJIB/NPJIB
Championships (Dec/Hep/Pen) CDB/CHB CDB/CHB CDB/CHB CHB/CPB CHB/CPB
Personal PB
Season SB
Qualification QB
LEADING Performances Senior Junior Youth
World WL WJL WYL

7. DATES
Should be given as day, month and year (last two digits)
Examples: 15 Mar 09
Day: 1, 5, 10, 15, 21, 31 (not 01, 05, etc.)
Month: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec
Year: 98, 99, 00, 01, 08, etc.

8. GLOSSARY
Term Abbreviation Definition
The geographical area comprising all of the Countries and Territories
Area
affiliated to one of the six Area Associations of the IAAF.
An Area Association of the IAAF responsible for fostering Athletics in
one of the six areas into which the Members are divided in the IAAF
Area Association
Constitution. The six Area Associations of the IAAF are: AFRICA,
ASIA, CONSUDATLE, EUROPE, NACAC, OCEANIA
Association of International A member-based organisation of more than 350 of the world’s leading
AIMS
Marathons and Distance Races distance races from over 98 countries & territories
An athlete’s number, name or other suitable identification during the
Bib Number Bib
competition

October 2013 5
 IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

Term Abbreviation Definition

Male athletes aged 16 or 17 on December 31 of the current calendar
Boys B
year. (See also Youth)
A room or area where the athletes report and undergo certain
Call Room
checking procedures prior to their event
An event comprising several Track and Field Events in which an
Combined Event CE athlete scores points for his performances (e.g. Decathlon,
Heptathlon)
A ruling by officials that an athlete or team has broken the rules of the
Disqualification DQ
sport and cannot be considered for placing in the competition
A performance which needs to be achieved in order for an athlete to
Entry Standard ES
qualify for entry to a championships
The IAAF’s internet based entry system where Member Federations
Event Entry System EES
submit final entries for a specific WAS event, except the ICC.
Starting a race before the starter’s gun is fired or with a reaction time
False Start Fn
of less than 0.100s. (See also IAAF Rule 162)
Field Collective term for the athletes within any particular event
Field Events Jumping and Throwing Events of an athletics programme
Final F The ultimate stage of an event
Female athletes aged 16 or 17 on December 31 of the current
Girls G
calendar year. (See also Youth)
Heat h An individual race within any stage of an event other than the Final
International Association of
IAAF The world governing body for athletics
Athletics Federations
International Association of
IAU Governing body for Ultradistance Running
Ultrarunners
Best legal performances in the year in a single event compiled by
IAAF Top Lists
IAAF
International Paralympic
IPC The international governing body of the Paralympic Movement
Committee
Junior Jr An athlete aged 18 or 19 on December 31 of the current calendar year
A group or entity responsible for the organisation of an event in the
Local Organising Committee LOC
host city
Master Any athlete who has reached his/her 35th birthday
The ceremony of presenting medals to the top three placed athletes or
Medal Ceremony MC
teams
Member Federation MF National governing body for Athletics affiliated to the IAAF
Track / Field progression through preliminary rounds
Progression The pre-determined sequence of heights to be attempted in a High
Jump or Pole Vault contest (height progression)
The conditions which need to be achieved in order for an athlete to
Qualifying Conditions
progress to the next stage of an event
Identifies the athletes competing in one of the two Field Event
Qualifying Group Gr
qualifications
Qualifying Round The preliminary stage of a Field Event
A performance which needs to be achieved in a Qualifying Round for
Qualifying Standard
an athlete to progress to the Final by right
Track or Road Events in which the athlete must fulfil the IAAF's
Race Walking RW
definition of race walking. (See IAAF Rule 230)
Rank Placing in an event. Athletes are ranked according to IAAF Rules.
The time taken between the start signal and athlete's reaction
Reaction Time
according to sensors in their starting blocks
A running event contested by teams of four or more athletes who each
Relay R
run successive Relay legs
Relay Leg The section of a Relay run by one team member
Road Events Events contested largely or entirely on the road
Round A stage of a Track or Field Event
The segment of a Horizontal Jump or Throw where each athlete in
Round of Trials
turn takes a trial

6 October 2013
IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

Term Abbreviation Definition

The opening stage of a multi-round Track Event (unless a Preliminary
Round 1 R1
Round is held)
A sequence of events in a timetable held on one particular part of the
Session
day
Intermediate times taken during a longer race or the time taken by an
Splits
athlete to complete their Relay leg
The order of athletes during a Field Event or Combined Events
Standings
contest
A document showing the athletes confirmed to start in a particular
Start List
event and the order in which they are to compete
Track Event Event contested on a running track
The average wind velocity over a period of time during an outdoor
Wind Speed
running race of up to 200m or an outdoor horizontal jump competition
The Championships and Cups organised directly by the IAAF
World Athletics Series WAS
in the four-yearly official competition programme
World Masters Athletics WMA Governing body for Masters athletics
World Mountain Running
WMRA Governing body for Mountain Running
Association
An athlete (male or female) aged 16 or 17 on December 31 of
Youth
the current calendar year

October 2013 7
 IAAF Terms and Abbreviations

COUNTRY CODES – in code order (GBR)

AFG AFGHANISTAN GEO GEORGIA NIG NIGER

AIA ANGUILLA GEQ EQUATORIAL GUINEA NMI NORTHERN MARIANAS ISLANDS
ALB ALBANIA GER GERMANY NOR NORWAY
ALG ALGERIA GHA GHANA NRU NAURU
AND ANDORRA GIB GIBRALTAR NZL NEW ZEALAND
ANG ANGOLA GRE GREECE OMA OMAN
ANT ANTIGUA GRN GRENADA PAK PAKISTAN
ARG ARGENTINA GUA GUATEMALA PAN PANAMA
ARM ARMENIA GUI GUINEA PAR PARAGUAY
ARU ARUBA GUM GUAM PER PERU
ASA AMERICAN SAMOA GUY GUYANA PHI PHILIPPINES
AUS AUSTRALIA HAI HAITI PLE PALESTINE
AUT AUSTRIA HKG HONG KONG - CHINA PLW PALAU
AZE AZERBAIJAN HON HONDURAS PNG PAPUA NEW GUINEA
BAH BAHAMAS HUN HUNGARY POL POLAND
BAN BANGLADESH INA INDONESIA POR PORTUGAL
BAR BARBADOS IND INDIA PRK DPR KOREA
BDI BURUNDI IRI ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN PUR PUERTO RICO
BEL BELGIUM IRL IRELAND PYF TAHITI
BEN BENIN IRQ IRAQ QAT QATAR
BER BERMUDA ISL ICELAND ROU ROMANIA
BHU BHUTAN ISR ISRAEL RSA SOUTH AFRICA
BIH BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA ISV US VIRGIN ISLANDS RUS RUSSIA
BIZ BELIZE ITA ITALY RWA RWANDA
BLR BELARUS IVB BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS SAM SAMOA
BOL BOLIVIA JAM JAMAICA SEN SENEGAL
BOT BOTSWANA JOR JORDAN SEY SEYCHELLES
BRA BRAZIL JPN JAPAN SIN SINGAPORE
BRN BAHRAIN KAZ KAZAKHSTAN SKN SAINT KITTS & NEVIS
BRU BRUNEI KEN KENYA SLE SIERRA LEONE
BUL BULGARIA KGZ KYRGHYZSTAN SLO SLOVENIA
BUR BURKINA FASO KIR KIRIBATI SMR SAN MARINO
CAF CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC KOR KOREA SOL SOLOMON ISLANDS
CAM CAMBODIA KSA SAUDI ARABIA SOM SOMALIA
CAN CANADA KUW KUWAIT SRB SERBIA
CAY CAYMAN ISLANDS LAO LAOS SRI SRI LANKA
CGO CONGO LAT LATVIA STP DEM. REP. OF SAO TOME E PRINCIPE
CHA CHAD LBA LIBYA SUD SUDAN
CHI CHILE LBR LIBERIA SUI SWITZERLAND
CHN CHINA PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF LCA SAINT LUCIA SUR SURINAM
CIV IVORY COAST LES LESOTHO SVK SLOVAK REPUBLIC
CMR CAMEROONS LIB LEBANON SWE SWEDEN
COD DEM. REP. OF CONGO LIE LIECHTENSTEIN SWZ SWAZILAND
COK COOK ISLANDS LTU LITHUANIA SYR SYRIA
COL COLOMBIA LUX LUXEMBOURG TAN TANZANIA
COM COMOROS MAC MACAO TGA TONGA
CPV CAPE VERDE ISLANDS MAD MADAGASCAR THA THAILAND
CRC COSTA RICA MAR MOROCCO TJK TAJIKISTAN
CRO CROATIA MAS MALAYSIA TKM TURKMENISTAN
CUB CUBA MAW MALAWI TKS TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
CYP CYPRUS MDA MOLDOVA TLS EAST TIMOR
CZE CZECH REPUBLIC MDV MALDIVES TOG TOGO
DEN DENMARK MEX MEXICO TPE CHINESE TAIPEI
DJI DJIBOUTI MGL MONGOLIA TTO TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
DMA DOMINICA MHL MARSHALL ISLANDS TUN TUNISIA
DOM DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MKD FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA TUR TURKEY
ECU ECUADOR MLI MALI TUV TUVALU
EGY EGYPT MLT MALTA UAE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
ERI ERITREA MNE MONTENEGRO UGA UGANDA
ESA EL SALVADOR MNT MONTSERRAT UKR UKRAINE
ESP SPAIN MON MONACO URU URUGUAY
EST ESTONIA MOZ MOZAMBIQUE USA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ETH ETHIOPIA MRI MAURITIUS UZB UZBEKISTAN
FIJ FIJI MTN MAURITANIA VAN VANUATU
FIN FINLAND MYA MYANMAR VEN VENEZUELA
FRA FRANCE NAM NAMIBIA VIE VIETNAM
FSM MICRONESIA NCA NICARAGUA VIN SAINT VINCENT
GAB GABON NED NETHERLANDS YEM REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
GAM GAMBIA NEP NEPAL ZAM ZAMBIA
GBR GB & NI NFI NORFOLK ISLAND ZIM ZIMBABWE
GBS GUINEA-BISSAU NGR NIGERIA

8 October 2013