MINI AIR CONDITIONER

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Literature Survey

Shahi Satyam et., al [1] Presented paper on Air conditioning. It is a simultaneous control of
temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air motion depending upon the requirement, air
conditioning is divided into summer air conditioning and winter air conditioning. Air conditioner
conditions the air, transport it, and introduce it to the conditioned space. It provides heating and
cooling of air. The portable Air conditioner system should satisfy the need of user at the most
economical cost. The selection of system depends upon many factors. It could be only a relief in
temperature or complete control of environment. It could be lowest first cost or lowest running
cost.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, GIET, MOINABAD 1

MINI AIR CONDITIONER
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Literature Survey

Franck LUCAAS et., al [2] Because of their low cost, small air conditioning systems
(AC) like split air conditioning systems are often installed without a proper study of
building envelope performance. They also take into account the climatic conditions and
provide an estimate of the annual electricity consumption related to the cooling of the
zone. This global analysis helps to qualify the entire system by assigning an energy label.
In addition to the tool, a diagnostic procedure is proposed, helping an auditor defining
guidance to improve the building envelope and to install and maintain the system.
Guidance to improve the building envelope and to install and maintain the system.
Buildings account for over 42% of consumption of final energy in France and between 20
and 40% in other developed countries. Perez Lombard reports that the share of HVAC
system for heating ventilation and air conditioning has now become the largest energy
end use in the residential and non-residential sector. Wong estimates that its represents
one third of the total energy consumption for residential housings in Hong Kong.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, GIET, MOINABAD 2

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Literature Survey

Akusu O.M et., al [3] This project study is applicable to the field of heating, ventilation and air
conditioning. The design and construction of a split unit air conditioner was carried out to
achieve a suitable comfort in an office environment. After a study of existing air-conditioners
and survey for availability of materials, the design concept of the split unit air-conditioner was
achieved. The portable air conditioner is based on air water system, in this system the room unit
is supplied with both processed air and chilled water. Conventional Air conditioners satisfies that
need but they are not affordable to everybody. The solution on this problem is portable air
conditioner which is having very low manufacturing and maintenance cost. Its cooling power is
comparable to wall air conditioner. It provides transportability, can be move anywhere easily. It
is small in size; hence it would sit nicely in our bedroom, drawing room and kitchen. It is
completely non-polluting.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, GIET, MOINABAD 3

MINI AIR CONDITIONER
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Literature Survey

Garud Akhilesh Ravindra et., al [4] Presented paper on Heat as always been a problem in every
country such as India. Doing work in a hot summer day can be tiring and are prone to make silly
and unwanted mistakes. A proper mini air conditioner would be good item to have during these
times. When doing work or event, the place could become stuffy and uncomfortable for
technician or engineer. However, air conditioners are mostly marketed as fix and hard to change
places portable air conditioners are dime a dozen but somehow are very expensive to have. In
this project, we aim to make a portable air conditioner that is affordable and reliably cool small
confined for a limited amount of time and space.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, GIET, MOINABAD 4

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Literature Survey

Jaan Selg et., al [5] present paper on make a proposal for a mini air condition that uses existing
technology. We will also consider found opportunities according to user insight. So why would
you need an air condition and who uses it? In Sweden air conditioners are not as common as in
warmer parts of the world. In those areas, AC’s are a necessity for daily life. It’s a guarantee for
a comfortable indoor climate. What is good about portable AC’s is that you can just take it away
when you don’t have a need for it anymore. For example, here in Sweden, you might only use it
for some months and then store it away. A portable AC suits people that rent their house or
apartment, meaning they can’t do a permanent installation of an AC. Some people don’t want to
install a big AC that will be there all the time both inside a room and on the outside on the
facade. It’s a cosmetic issue. Some smaller stores and restaurants might want to bring a portable
AC up in their space when the heat gets to intense. People with small children might also
consider a portable AC if it gets too hot inside. People with medical issues, elderly or others that
are extra sensitive to heat should consider using an AC.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, GIET, MOINABAD 5

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Introduction

HVAC stands for “heating, ventilating, and air conditioning.” A HVAC system may do all these
tasks or primarily focus on doing one of them. These systems are designed to create optimal
indoor temperature and improved air quality, creating environments that are comfortable to
work, live, and play in. Installing and maintaining these systems is vital for buildings to be safe
and energy efficient. One of the main reasons why HVAC systems are so important, particularly
for building managers, is that heating/cooling costs are likely to be one of the biggest ongoing
costs for any building. This means having inefficient systems that are wasting energy, or
alternatively, having complex features that are unnecessary can mean buildings aren’t optimised
for what they need.

Air conditioning is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied
space to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and
commercial environments. This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable
interior environment, typically for humans.

In a chilled water central air conditioning system, water is pumped throughout the building to
coils. Since the water needs to be at a cold temperature, these systems use a cooling plant.
Chilled water systems are generally used to cool smaller systems for homes are becoming
increasingly popular because they’re cost effective and there’s no hazard of using refrigerant like
in other air conditioning systems. This book is an attempt to show with a concrete example
backed by facts and figures how this extra burden on the power starved metropolis could be
reduced by half or more by overhauling and simplifying our cooling and heating systems. On a
national scale the saving in our peak load capacity may be as high as 25000 MW or even higher.

TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

1. Window Air Conditioner- This system is technically called a "unitary" air conditioning system
and consists of a self contained air conditioning unit that is placed in a window or through a hole
in an exterior wall. Since adding holes in your homes outside walls are not a really good idea,
these units are almost always placed in a window. The unitary system has all the refrigeration

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components on one compact box. It ejects heat out one end and blows cooled air out the other
end.[1] 2. Split Air Conditioner- In a split-system, an outdoor metal cabinet contains the
condenser and compressor, and an indoor cabinet contains the evaporator. In many split-system
air conditioners, this indoor cabinet also contains a furnace or the indoor part of a heat pump.
The air conditioner’s evaporator coil is installed in the cabinet or main supply duct of this
furnace or heat pump. If your home already has a furnace but no air conditioner, a split-system is
the most economical central air conditioner to install.[1] 3. Central Air Conditioner - In a central
air conditioner, the evaporator, condenser, and compressor are all located in one cabinet, which
usually is placed on a roof or on a concrete slab next to the house’s foundation. This type of air
conditioner also is used in small commercial buildings.Air supply and return ducts come from
indoors through the home’s exterior wall or roof to connect with the packaged air conditioner,
which is usually located outdoors. Packaged air conditioners often include electric heating coils
or a natural gas furnace. This combination of air conditioner and central heater eliminates the
need for a separate furnace indoors.[1] 4. Portable Air Conditioner- This system is another
flavor of the unitary air conditioning system. The portable air conditioner consists of a mobile
self contained air conditioning unit that is placed on the floor inside a room and discharges
exhaust heat using a hose vent through an exterior wall. Portable air conditioning units are a bit
noisier than other types of units and can typically cool rooms under 500 Sq.ft. These units are a
solution to those stubborn hot rooms that may exist even with central air conditioning. Like the
window air conditioner, the portable unitary system has all the refrigeration components on one
compact box. It also ejects heat out one end and blow cooled air out the other end.[1] 5. Unitary
Air Conditioning Systems These systems should generally be limited to loads less than 100 tons.
Unitary systems are packaged in self-contained or split configurations. Self-contained units
incorporate components for cooling or cooling and heating in one apparatus. Thermostatic
expansion valves are preferred over capillary tubes and orifices for refrigerant control when
available as a manufacturer's option since expansion valves provide better superheat control over
a wide range of operating conditions. Split systems may include the following configurations: a)
Direct expansion coil and supply fan combined with a remote compressor and condensing coil;
or b) Direct expansion coil, supply fan, and compressor combined with a remote condenser,
cooling tower, or ground-loop system. These systems generally have lower first cost than central
systems but may have higher life cycle costs. If part load operation is anticipated for a majority

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of equipment operating life, consider multiple unitary equipment for superior operating
efficiencies and added reliability. Refer to ASHRAE Handbook, Equipment for size and
selection criteria[2]. 6. Built-up Systems- These systems consist of individual components
assembled at the building site. Generally, use them when a large volume of air is handled. These
systems may be used as remote air handling systems with a central cooling plant. unitary air
handling units. Determine the number of air handling units by an economic division of the load,
considering: (a) the value of space occupied by equipment; (b) the extent of ductwork and
piping; (c) the multiplicity of control, maintenance, and operating points; and (d) energy
conservation factors. [2]

PORTABLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Portable air conditioner is an innovation product originally from standard air conditioner that is
limited to be used in room or inside building . Then, it is design to make it easier to move from
one place to another. This product is design looks like a decoration tree which people mostly use
it as an decoration in outdoor event such as wedding and talk. As we all notice that Malaysia has
a tropical rainforest climate due to its proximity to the equator. It is hot and humid country all
year round, with an average temperature of 27 °C (80.6 °F) and almost no variability in the
yearly temperature. Mostly malaysians are finding a way to get comfort escpecially during day
event. This portable air conditioner can help them to produce comfortable environment in the hot
day. Besides, they do not have to depend to conventional fan that still producing warm air but
this portable will give cold air same as normal air conditioner that in close room. This portable
air conditioner is equiped with photo

sensor that can sense the existence of people in front of it and it will automatically switch off if
there is no people and it will turn on back if it detect people crossing or standing in front of it.
This will make people easier rather than switching on or off manually especially in the busy
event. It is also economize the electricity when the usage is continously without people using it
which lead to waste the energy. The present of air conditioner is difficult to install especially to
fit in outdoor environment. This product is design with wheel which make it easier to move and
install. With the simplest installation procedure, anyone can easily install the air conditioner to

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wherever they are desired. [2] The evolution of an industry and its impact on society often make
an interesting study. Take portable air conditioning: Introduced to America in 1983 by Denso, a
Japanese manufacturer of automotive products, portable air conditioning was first designed to
cool workers on the assembly line. Initially distributed through the traditional air conditioning
wholesale supply channel, it achieved marginal success in the early years. American industry had
little interest in such an expensive solution, and only a handful of companies adopted this method
for worker comfort. Most sales in those first years consisted of stock orders from the wholesaler.
Few end user orders were placed. With excess inventory in stock, wholesaler reorders were
scarce. It wasn‘t long before some adjustments needed to be made to the distribution channel to
jump start sales. The decision was made to establish a network of direct-sales outlets that
specialized in portable air conditioning and sold directly to the marketplace. This proved to be
much more successful than traditional wholesale-distribution. Sales to the end user improved, but
it was good timing that proved to be the most influential element to the success of the industry.
That timing relates to the explosion of the minicomputer that began in the mid 1980s, during

In Air conditioner the only source of power is a 23-watt fan which needs less energy than the
electric bulb in your room and can be run for a virtually unlimited period on an inverter or a car
battery to bring down the room temperature by at least seven degrees centigrade. Apart from
being a permanent standby against power breakdowns in the homes of the elite in metropolitan
cities, it would be an ideal cooling device for small towns and villages throughout the country
that usually have an indifferent supply of electricity. Its movability from room to room makes it
most suited to small hotels, guest houses and nursing homes that rarely have wall air conditioners
or hundred percent occupancy. A 1.5-ton room air conditioner consumes 1500 units of power in
one hour, which is sufficient to produce 30 kilograms of ice in an ice factory.1 With that much
ice Air conditioner can keep a room almost equally cool and dehumidified for eight hours. One
might say there are distribution losses in ice deliveries. Under Indian conditions electricity
transmission losses are no less, for which there are a variety of reasons including technical
deficiencies and massive “thefts”, committed in the open, mainly by the richer power guzzling
sections of society such as big factories and large bungalows and flats. Add to that the colossal
investments in the shape of electrical energy and finance to create the giant-sized infrastructure
of power houses and transmission lines for every additional megawatt of power.

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Objective of Mini Project

1. No Restrictions

Portable air conditioning units are a great alternative as they do not protrude from the outside of
your home. Also, as their name suggests, they’re portable so it’s easy to relocate them from room
to room.

2. A Small Unit for a Small Space

Portable air conditioners are perfect if you live in a small space. Many people living in studio or
one bedroom apartments find that they fit their needs perfectly. There’s also no permanent
installation required so set up is extremely quick and easy.

3. Cut Costs and Keep Cool

Portable air conditioners are being used for economic reasons as well. On days when you only
need cooling for one or two rooms, portable air conditioners are a great companion to central air,
allowing you to significantly lower your central unit usage.

4. Alternative On-the-Go Cooling

Many RVs, travel trailers, or pop-up campers have unreliable cooling systems, if they have one
at all. Whether your on-the-go lifestyle is a temporary vacation or a permanent home, you’ll
want to be comfortable in your space. A portable air conditioner offers a unique cooling solution
perfect for the small living spaces within recreational vehicles.

5. Cools and Dehumidifies at the Same Time

Finally, portable air conditioners not only cool the air, but they also dehumidify it, leaving your
space both cool and dry. If you suffer from allergies, it’s important for humidity levels to remain
low. Also, if you live an area of high humidity, you know that moisture can be just as oppressive
and discomforting as heat.

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Working
• A portable air conditioning unit extracts hot air from your room and exhausts it to the
outside to ensure that your space has the desired temperature. Just like central air
conditioners or any other type of air conditioners, this self-contained cooling system uses
a refrigerant to cool the air in your room. Most portable air conditioners have a filter that
removes airborne particles from the incoming air. The incoming warm air is blown over
the cooling coils. These coils contain a refrigerant that absorbs heat from the air making it
cold. The heat absorbed from the warm air causes the refrigerant to evaporate. The cooled
air is released back into your room.

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Block Diagram

Figure: Mini Air Conditioner System

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Expected Outcome

• A portable air conditioner is a cooling system that you can port around from place to
place or room to room. Homeowners or renters can purchase it for their personal use.

• A portable air conditioner can be used for economic reasons as well, and they can be
quite expensive to run, a spot cooler saves much more energy, and they cool down your
wallet in the process.

• Many of the consumers living in one bedroom or studio apartments have admired its
ability to fit in perfectly to their needs. It doesn’t require installation

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Future scope

After a discussion about this project, I have set up a few limitations that must be attention
for this project. There are a few things that can be improvised this portable air conditioner
in the future development. The electrical energy consumed can be reduced by setting the
smart portable air conditioner to operate automatically. The air conditionar should place
near and direct to people in order to get full function of the air conditioner. And user need
provide power supply to plug in the electricity to the air conditioner.

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Design and fabrication

Design Consideration Air-conditioning system design is governed by either thermal

comfort condition or special requirement for material or processes. This air condition is
basically design for office application or residential application, thus only thermal
comfort if considered. Hence, small function in temperature and humidity are tolerated.
The outdoor and indoor surface heat transfer coefficient was considered to be 22.7w/m2K
and 7.42w/m2K respectively

Materials Used

1.12v ac fan

2.12v ac motor

3.Copper coil

4.Electric digital sensor

5.Water tube

6. thermocall

7.Ice

8.Art paper

9.Hot glue

10. Niddle

11. Wooden sheet

12. Knife

13. Pipe

14.

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Design specification

Serial no Specification Description

1 Ac unit type Ductless chilled water

2 Weight

3 User control Manual control

4 Dimensions

5 Power input

6 Special feature Self-Diagnostic function

7 Refrigerant Ice

8 Copper pipe

Conclusion

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The portable Air conditioner system satisfies the need of user at the most economical
cost. The portable air conditioner is having very low manufacturing and maintenance
cost. Its cooling power is comparable to wall air conditioner. It provides transportability,
can be move anywhere easily. It is small in size; hence it would sit nicely in our
bedroom, drawing room and kitchen. It is completely non-polluting. The process of
diagnosing small air conditioning installations as presented in this paper proposes a
performance assessment of building equipped with small room air conditioners. This
approach is based on a dynamic simulation tool, which provides figures and label guiding
the auditor to reduce energy consumption of a building. The thermal description of a zone
is simplified thanks a dedicated interface and the time for the simulation over a one-year
period is less than forty seconds. The figures help the auditor quantifying the
performances improvement between the actual and the modified building. The labels are
intended to provide to the owner, simple information on the energy quality of his
building. The implementation of the tool on real case buildings have shown that the
prediction of the energy consumption provided by the audit is in good agreement with the
experimental measurements and with the electricity utility bills. Audits of existing
building highlight that some improvement may be implemented, leading to an average
reduction of 20% of the energy consumption.

References

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[1] Shahi Satyam, “International Journal for Research in Engineering Application &
Management (IJREAM)” ISSN: 2494 – 9150, Volume -02, issue 07, Oct-2016.

[2] Franck Lucasa, “A Method to Evaluate Energy Performance of Buildings Cooled by

Room Air Conditioners, The 7th International Conference on Applied Energy” –
Icae,2015, pp. 1275 – 1283.

[3] Akusu O.M, “International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and

Technology” Volume 6, Issue 6, 2018, PP 17-24.

[4] Garud Akhilesh Ravindra, “International Journal of Engineering and Management

Research” Page Number: 40-4 Volume-6, Issue-2, March-April 2016.

[5] Jaan Selg, “Exploring new possibilities in portable air conditioning together with
Electrolux and KTH” Volume 3, Issue 5,2016, PP 16-18

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