Data Structure & Algorithms

Assignment 1
BS-SE-18
Section A
Name Waleed Qadeer
Roll no. 18094198-022
Submitted TO Prof.Bushra Fareed
Infix to Postfix
#include<iostream>

#include<stack>

#include<string>

using namespace std;

// Function to convert Infix expression to postfix

string InfixToPostfix(string expression);

// Function to verify whether an operator has higher precedence over other

int HasHigherPrecedence(char operator1, char operator2);

// Function to verify whether a character is operator symbol or not.

bool IsOperator(char C);

// Function to verify whether a character is alphanumeric chanaracter (letter or numeric digit) or not.

bool IsOperand(char C);

int main()

string expression;

cout<<"Enter Infix Expression \n";

getline(cin,expression);

string postfix = InfixToPostfix(expression);

cout<<"Output = "<<postfix<<"\n";

// Function to evaluate Postfix expression and return output

string InfixToPostfix(string expression)

// Declaring a Stack from Standard template library in C++.

stack<char> S;

string postfix = ""; // Initialize postfix as empty string.

// Scanning each character from left.

// If character is a delimitter, move on.

if(expression[i] == ' ' || expression[i] == ',') continue;

// If character is operator, pop two elements from stack, perform operation and push the result back.

else if(IsOperator(expression[i]))

while(!S.empty() && S.top() != '(' && HasHigherPrecedence(S.top(),expression[i]))

postfix+= S.top();

S.pop();

S.push(expression[i]);

// Else if character is an operand

else if(IsOperand(expression[i]))

postfix +=expression[i];

else if (expression[i] == '(')

S.push(expression[i]);

else if(expression[i] == ')')

while(!S.empty() && S.top() != '(') {

postfix += S.top();

S.pop();

S.pop();

while(!S.empty()) {
 postfix += S.top();

S.pop();

return postfix;

// Function to verify whether a character is english letter or numeric digit.

// We are assuming in this solution that operand will be a single character

bool IsOperand(char C)

if(C >= '0' && C <= '9') return true;

if(C >= 'a' && C <= 'z') return true;

if(C >= 'A' && C <= 'Z') return true;

return false;

// Function to verify whether a character is operator symbol or not.

bool IsOperator(char C)

if(C == '+' || C == '-' || C == '*' || C == '/' || C== '$')

return true;

return false;

// Function to verify whether an operator is right associative or not.

int IsRightAssociative(char op)

if(op == '$') return true;

return false;

// Function to get weight of an operator. An operator with higher weight will have higher precedence.

int GetOperatorWeight(char op)

int weight = -1;

switch(op)
 {

case '+':

case '-':

weight = 1;

case '*':

case '/':

weight = 2;

case '$':

weight = 3;

return weight;

// Function to perform an operation and return output.

int HasHigherPrecedence(char op1, char op2)

int op1Weight = GetOperatorWeight(op1);

int op2Weight = GetOperatorWeight(op2);

// If operators have equal precedence, return true if they are left associative.

// return false, if right associative.

// if operator is left-associative, left one should be given priority.

if(op1Weight == op2Weight)

if(IsRightAssociative(op1)) return false;

else return true;

return op1Weight > op2Weight ? true: false;

Postfix to Prefix
#include <iostream>

#include <cstring>

#include <stack>

#include <algorithm>

#define flag '#'

using namespace std;

if(c=='+' || c=='-' || c=='*' || c=='/' || c=='^' || c=='$')

return true;

else

return false;

int main()

stack<char> stk;

char postfix[30], prefix[30];

int j=0,len;

cout<<"Input a postfix expression: ";

cin>>postfix;

len = strlen(postfix);

for(int i=len-1;i>=0;i--)

if(isOperator(postfix[i]))

stk.push(postfix[i]);

else

prefix[j++] = postfix[i];

while(!stk.empty() && stk.top()==flag)

stk.pop();

prefix[j++] = stk.top();

stk.pop();

stk.push(flag);

prefix[j] = 0;
 reverse(prefix, prefix + len);

cout<<"The prefix expression is: "<<prefix;

return 0;

Prefix to Postfix
#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

#include <string>

#include <stack>

#include <stdlib.h>

using namespace std;

bool isOperator(char symbol); //declaring function isOperator

int main()

ifstream myfile; //declaring streams

ofstream outfile;

myfile.open("Prefix.txt", ios::in); //opening streams

outfile.open("Postfix.txt", ios::out);

while (!myfile.eof()) //while not end of input file

stack<char> operators;

stack<char> flags;

string line;

string outputLine;

getline(myfile, line); //read the next line of file and store into ‘line’

for(int i=0; i < line.size(); i ++) //reiterate through ‘line’

char symbol = line [i];

if( isOperator(symbol)) //if the symbol is an operator

operators.push(symbol); //push operator on stack

flags.push(0); //push associated flag on stack and set to off

if((symbol != ' ') && !isOperator(symbol)) //then it’s a operand

outputLine += symbol; //append to output string

//strcat(outputLine, symbol);

//outputLine.append(symbol);

while(flags.top()) //while top flag is ON on stack

outputLine += operators.top() ; //append the associated op

//strcat(outputLine, operators.top());

//outputLine.append(operators.top());

operators.pop(); //remove operator from stack

flags.pop(); //remove flag from stack

flags.pop(); //set next flag to ON

flags.push(1);

}//end of for

if(!operators.empty() || (!flags.empty()) )

outfile << "SOMETHING WENT WRONG. Prob incorrect input" << endl;

else

outfile << "Prefix: " << line << endl;

outfile << "Postfix: " << outputLine << endl;

} //end of while eof

myfile.close(); //close streams

outfile.close();

}//end of main
bool isOperator(char symbol) //definition of isOperator

if( (symbol == '*') || (symbol == '+') || (symbol == '/') || (symbol == '-' ) )

return true;

else

return false;

Postfix to infix
#include<iostream>

#include<cstring>

using namespace std;

struct node

char data ;

node *next ;

};

class stack

private :

node *head;

public :

stack()

head = NULL;

void push(char a)

node * temp = new node();

temp ->data = a ;

temp -> next = head ;

head = temp ;
 }

char pop()

node *temp = head ;

head = temp->next ;

char a = temp->data ;

delete temp;

return a;

char see_top()

if(is_empty())

return '0' ;

node * temp = head ;

return (temp->data);

int is_empty()

if(head == NULL)

return 1;

else

return 0 ;

};

int is_digit(char a)

if(a >= '0' && a<= '9')

return 1;

else

return 0;

}
int is_operand(char a)

switch(a)

case '+' :

case '-' :

case '*' :

case '/' : return 1;

default : return 0;

void reverse(char a[] , int l)

int i=0;

stack b ;

for(int j=0;j<l;j++)

b.push(a[j]);

while(!b.is_empty())

a[i++]=b.pop();

return ;

int main()

int i , l , j=0;

char exp[100] , infix[100];

stack s ;

cout << "Enter a postfix expression : ";

cin.getline(exp,100);
 l=strlen(exp);

reverse(exp,l);

for(i=0;i<l;i++)

if(is_digit(exp[i]))

infix[j++] = exp[i];

if(i==l-1)

break ;

infix[j++] = s.pop() ;

else

s.push(exp[i]);

while(!s.is_empty())

infix[j++] =s.pop();

reverse(infix,l);

cout << "\nInfix is : " ;

for(i=0;i<l;i++)

cout << infix[i] ;

cout << endl;

return 0;

Recursion
1. #include <iostream>
2. using namespace std;
3.
4. int factorial(int);
5.
6. int main()
7. {
8. int n;
9. cout<<"Enter a number to find factorial: ";
10. cin >> n;
11. cout << "Factorial of " << n <<" = " << factorial(n);
12. return 0;
13. }
14.
15. int factorial(int n)
16. {
17. if (n > 1)
18. {
19. return n*factorial(n-1);
20. }
21. else
22. {
23. return 1;
24. }
25. }