Dynamic

Mechanical
Analysis
for Plastics Engineering

Michael P. Sepe Plastics Design Library

Copyright © 1998, Plastics Design Library. All rights reserved.
ISBN 1-884207-64-2
Library of Congress Card Number 98-85284

Published in the United States of America, Norwich, NY by Plastics Design Library a division of
William Andrew Inc.
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Design processing methods and equipment, environment and others variables effect actual part and
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 Foreword & Acknowledgements

My first acquaintance with Mike Sepe in 1990 was As Plastics Design Library (PDL) continues its
through Karl Kirland, a senior editor at Plastics mission of providing information serving the prac-
World magazine. Plastics World has now evolved tical needs of the technologist, we are very pleased
into Molding Systems magazine and Karl has moved to provide this new volume to the PDL Handbook
on to a senior editorial position at Injection Molding Series. In addition to providing data which reflects
magazine. Mike remains true to his convictions and the real world service life of materials, we are pro-
continues to educate users of plastics about the need viding data which is truly comparable and not
for information that better reflects the real-world ser- biased since all test results come from the same
vice life of a material. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis independent test laboratrory. In order to improve
(DMA) testing provides such information. the ability to analyze the data, PDL offers a com-
panion CD-ROM to the book which gives users the
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis for Plastics ability to compare curves and data according to
Engineering provides DMA data from Mike Sepe's their needs. The CD-ROM is an excellent product
own tests conducted in the materials lab at Dickten and I highly recommend it.
& Masch Manufacturing Co. All plastic materials
have been tested using the same methods and there- Some Notes about the Book and CD-ROM
fore comparison of the results is very meaningful.
In addition to providing performance data on a In order to make the information most useful and
broad spectrum of plastics, Mike provides an excel- accessible to users, PDL editors made a choice to
lent discussion of how to use DMA data and what present the DMA curves in full color. The use of
it means, practically speaking, to the plastics engi- color necessitated some compromises including the
neer. After reading his manuscript, the versatility binding method used for the book. Special credit for
and necessity of using DMA data as a powerful the layout, typesetting and printing goes to Robert
engineering tool becomes apparent and clear. Hall and his staff at Paragon Communications.

Referring to Mike Sepe in a May 1990 article Karl The CD-ROM version of Dynamic Mechanical
Kirkland states, "the technical director of precision Analysis for Plastics Engineering provides an inter-
molders Dickten & Masch Manufacturing Co. went active tool for rapidly comparing the independent
so far as to say 'We're hanging ourselves with those test data generated for this reference. Users can
property sheets.' He joins a growing number of electronically access and compare data for different
people who are challenging the validity of single- materials on one table or graph and print or export
point, short-term materials property data to evalu- information to word processors, spreadsheets or
ate performance and to set the upper limits of a other analysis tools.
material in its end-use."

© Plastic Design Library Forward & Acknowledgements

 Table of Contents
Table of Contents i
Figures .iii
Graphs xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation...................•................•.........3
2.1 Data Presentation 6
2.2 Structural Characteristics of Polymers 7
3 Properties Measured By DMA 11
3.1 Storage Modulus Versus Temperature 11
3.2 The Meaning of Loss Modulus and Tan Delta 12
3.3 The Relationship of DMA to HDT and Vicat Softening 14
3.4 The Effect of Fillers 17
3.5 Polymer Blends 18
4 Time Dependent Behavior 21
4.1 The Equivalency of Temperature and Time • 21
4.2 Creep and Stress Relaxation 23
4.3 The Relationship of Time to Frequency 25
4.4 Using the Master Curve for Practical Problem Solving 28
5 The Effects of Processing and Environment 31
6 Conclusions 35

Appendix 1 - DMA Data Collection 36

Acetal resin 36
acetal homopolymer (POM) 36
acetal copolymer (POM copolymer) 38
Acrylic resin 42
acrylic (PMMA) 42
acrylic copolymer 44
Polyamide 44
amorphous nylon 44
nylon 12 46
nylon 6 48
nylon 612 58
nylon 66 62
nylon 6/66 74
nylon MXD6 78
nylon, aromatic copolymer 78
nylon, partially aromatic 80
Polycarbonate 80
polycarbonate (PC) 80
Polyester 86
polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PBT) 86
polyethylene terephthalate (polyester PET) 90

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Table of Contents
Polyim.ide 98
polyetherimide (PEl) 98
Polyketone 102
polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 102
Polyolefin 104
polypropylene (PP) 104
polypropylene copolymer (PP copolymer) 114
cyclic olefin copolymer 116
Polyphenylene ether 118
syrene modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE) 118
Polysolfide 122
polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 122
Polysulfone 128
polyethersulfone (PES) 128
Styrenic resin 130
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 130
high impact polystyrene (HIPS) 140
styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) 142
Plastic alloy 142
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/ nylon alloy (ABS/ nylon alloy) 142
acrylic/ polycarbonate alloy (acrylic/ PC alloy) 144
polycarbonate/ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy (PC/ ABS alloy) 144
polycarbonate polybutylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PBT alloy) 146
polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy) 148
polypropylene/ polystyrene alloy (PP/ PS alloy) 154

Appendix 2 - Data Sheet Properties For Materials in the DMA Data Collection 158

Glossary of Terms 171

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Figures
Figure 1. Relationship of stress and strain with time for a pure elastic system. . 3
Figure 2. Relationship of stress and strain with time for a purely viscous system 3
Figure 3. Relationship of stress and strain with time for a viscoelastic system ..4
Figure 4. The behavior of an elastic system under oscillatory stress. Stress and strain and in phase 4
Figure 5. The behavior of a viscous system under oscillatory stress. Stress and strain are 90° out of phase 5
Figure 6a. Relationship of the stress and strain vectors in a dynamic experiment. 5
Figure 6b.. Stress vectors resolved into the loss and storage components 5
Figure 6c. Corresponding modulus vectors with loss vector transposed to form a right triangle 5
Figure 7a. Storage and loss properties for an unfilled polycarbonate 7
Figure 7b Expanded plot of storage and loss properties for polycarbonate at T g. . 8
Figure 8a. Storage and loss properties for unfilled nylon 6 8
Figure 8b. Storage and loss properties for an unfilled nylon 6/12 showing the rapid rise in tan delta
as the material softens 9
Figure 9. Storage and loss properties for an epoxy circuit board material. 9
Figure 10. Storage and loss properties for a thermoset elastomer 9
Figure 11. Storage modulus vs. temperature for a 30% glass fiber-reinforced PET polyester 11
Figure 12. Comparison of storage modulus properties for PET polyester, PBT polyester, nylon 6,
and nylon 6/6, all with 30% glass fiber reinforcement. 12
Figure 13. Generalized plot of the effects of structure on storage modulus properties 12
Figure 14. Storage and loss properties for amorphous nylon. Tan delta does not resolve to a peak
in the glass transition region but rises rapidly starting at T g 13
Figure 15. Comparison of tan delta properties for PES and PEl from -50 to 160°C. The higher tendency
for viscous flow is part of the reason for the superior impact resistance of PES 14
Figure 16. Storage and loss properties for an impact-modified acrylic. The low-temperature transition
in the loss modulus curve is due to the rubbery impact modifier 14
Figure 17. Storage and loss properties for a flame-retardant ABS/polycarbonate blend. The HDT values
are shown on the storage modulus plot. 15
Figure 18. Storage and loss modulus plot for unfilled nylon 6 showing the two HDT values in relation to
T g and the melting point. 16
Figure 19. Storage modulus versus temperature behavior showing the effect of filler content on the
softening point for polycarbonate 16
Figure 20. Storage modulus versus temperature behavior showing the effect of filler content on
the properties of nylon 6 17
Figure 20a. Figure 20 showing the modulus levels for the HDT measured by ISO 75 Methods A, B, and C. 17
Figure 21. Storage modulus versus temperature for an unfilled polycarbonate showing the two HDT values
and the Vicat softening point. 17
Figure 22. Effect of filler type and level on the storage modulus properties of nylon 6 17
Figure 23. Effect of filler type and level on the tan delta properties of nylon 6. Note the reduction in peak
heights as the elastic contributions of the filler increase 18
Figure 24. Effect of fiber length and coupling technology on the tan delta properties of a short glass and
long glass PBT polyester. The long glass system has higher elastic properties using the same amount
of reinforcement. 18

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Figures
Figure 25. Loss modulus versus temperature plots for various blends of PPO and high impact polystyrene.
The single Tg indicates a miscible blend with Tg rising as PPO content increases 19
Figure 26. Loss modulus plots for PBT polyester, polycarbonate, and a PBTIPC blend. Two phases are
detectable but the shift of Tg's toward one another indicates a semi-miscible blend 19
Figure 27. Storage modulus plot comparing an unfilled PBT with a PBTIPC blend 19
Figure 28. Storage and loss modulus plots of a nylon 6/6 and a blend of nylon 6/6 and PPO. The lack
of a shift in the Tg of the nylon and the well-defined modulus plateau between transitions
indicates an immiscible blend 20
Figure 29. A linear plot of apparent modulus vs. time for a 100-hour creep test. 21
Figure 30. A semi-log plot of apparent modulus vs. time for the 100-hour creep test shown in Figure 29 21
Figure 31. A log-log plot of apparent modulus vs. time for the 100-hour creep test shown in Figure 29 21
Figure 32. Apparent modulus vs. time data for short-term creep tests conducted on a thermoset vinylester
at multiple temperatures. The data is plotted in log-log format. The equivalency between time
and temperature is shown for a thirty minute loading at 111°C and a temperature increase of 10°C. 22
Figure 33. Storage and loss properties for a 30% glass fiber-reinforced PEEK 22
Figure 34. Apparent modulus data at multiple temperatures superimposed over the storage modulus plot from
Figure 33. The short-term time-dependent behavior parallels the temperature-dependent properties.....22
Figure 35. Comparison of storage modulus properties of ABS and polycarbonate. The more stable modulu
and higher T g of the polycarbonate equate to superior time-dependent properties 23
Figure 36a. Raw apparent modulus data shown in Figure 32 24
Figure 36b. Master curve in process for a reference temperature of 100°C 24
Figure 36c. Completed master curve for a reference temperature of 100°C. 24
Figure 37. Comparison of first 125 hours of master curve prediction for a rigid thermoset polyurethane
with three real-time 125-hour creep tests. Data is shown on linear scales 24
Figure 38a. Raw apparent modulus data from a stress relaxation test on polycarbonate 25
Figure 38b. Stress relaxation master curve for polycarbonate in Figure 38a using a reference temperature
of 135°C 25
Figure 39. Loss modulus measurements at multiple frequencies for the glass transition region of a 50%
long glass fiber-reinforced nylon 6. The T g shifts to slightly higher temperatures as the
frequency increases 26
Figure 40. Loss modulus measurements at multiple frequencies for a 40% long glass fiber-reinforced
polypropylene 26
Figure 41. Storage modulus measurements at multiple frequencies for an unfilled polycarbonate.
Modulus increases with frequency. Frequency-dependent behavior is most pronounced
in the glass transition region 26
Figure 42. Storage modulus measurements at multiple frequencies for a polycarbonate showing the
effects of T g in greater detail. 27
Figure 43. Loss modulus master curve vs. frequency for a 30% carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6/6 at
a reference temperature of 40°C 27
Figure 44. Loss modulus master curve vs. time for the material characterized in Figure 43. Time and
frequency are related inversely and this plot is a mirror image of Figure 43. The time at peak
is the relaxation time associated with the glass transition when the material is at the reference
temperature 27
Figure 45. Plot of peak frequency vs. reference temperature for the material characterized in Figures 43
and 44. The data points describe a straight line and the slope of the line is the activation energy
of the glass transition 27

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Figures
Figure 46a. Tensile stress-strain curves for an unfilled polypropylene copolymer tested at strain rates of
5, 50, and 500 mm/min. Note the increase in modulus and peak stress and the decrease in
ultimate elongation as strain rate increases. . 28
Figure 46b. Tensile stress-strain curves for an unfilled polypropylene copolymer tested at strain rates of
5, 50, and 500 mm/min. The curves have been expanded to show the detail of the yield section
of the test. 28
Figure 47a. A creep master curve for a 43% glass-reinforced nylon 6/6 generated at 50°C. 29
Figure 47b. A stress-strain curve for a 43% glass-reinforced nylon 6/6 generated at 50°C. The maximum
strain is transposed to the modulus line in order to simulate the linear behavior characterized
by the creep master curve 29
Figure 48. Effects of melt temperature on the storage modulus properties of an unfilled polypropylene run
in a cool mold 31
Figure 49. Effects of melt temperature on the storage modulus properties of an unfilled polypropylene run
in a hot mold. Note that the modulus of the cold melt samples is reduced significantly in the
hotter mold while the high melt product is unchanged 31
Figure 50. The effects of fiber orientation on the storage modulus properties of a 30% glass fiber-reinforced
polyurethane 31
Figure 51. Effect of mold temperature on the storage modulus properties of a 40% glass fiber
reinforced PPS. The reduced modulus and lower glass transition temperature are the
result of incomplete crystallization during molding 32
Figure 52. Tan delta properties for the samples from Figure 50. The reduced crystallinity results
in a higher potential for viscous flow as the material passes through T g' 32
Figure 53. Effects of short-term heat aging on the viscoelastic properties of 30% glass fiber
reinforced PEEK. The increased storage modulus and decreased tan delta values
indicate the occurrence of secondary crystallization 32
Figure 54. The effect of moisture content on the storage modulus properties of an unfilled nylon 6 33
Figure 55. The effect of plasticizer loss on the storage and loss properties of a flexible PVc. The rise
in T g results in the embrittlement of the compound 33
Figure 56. Effects of immersion in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) on the storage properties of an
unfilled PBT/polycarbonate blend. Properties are partially restored after a 30-day
drying out period 33
Figure 57. Effects of solvent immersion on tan delta properties of PBT/polycarbonate blend.
The disappearance of the polycarbonate T g indicates that permanent damage was
done to this phase of the blend 34

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Graphs
Graph 1. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Delrin 500 unfilled acetal homopolymer (POM) 36
Graph 2. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Delrin 577 20% glass fiber filled, UV stable
acetal homopolymer (POM) 36
Graph 3. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon M90 unfilled acetal copolymer (POM copolymer) 38
Graph 4. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon M90 unfilled acetal copolymer (POM copolymer)
showing low temperature behavior 38
Graph 5. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon TX90 unfilled, impact modified acetal
copolymer (POM copolymer) .40
Graph 6. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon GC25A 25% glass fiber filled acetal
copolymer (POM copolymer) 40
Graph 7. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon CFX-Ol08 25% glass fiber filled, UV stable
acetal copolymer (POM copolymer) 42
Graph 8. Storage and loss properties for AtoHaas Plexiglas MI-7 unfilled, impact modified acrylic (PMMA) 42
Graph 9. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zylar ST94-580 unfilled, impact modified acrylic copolymer 44
Graph 10. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST901 unfilled, impact modified amorphous nylon
tested at 0.6% moisture content. 44
Graph 11. Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilamid TR55LX unfilled, amorphous, transparent
nylon 12 tested dry as molded 46
Graph 12. Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilamid TR55LX unfilled, amorphous, transparent
nylon 12 tested at I% moisture content 46
Graph 13. Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8202C unfilled, nucleated nylon 6 tested
at 0.15% moisture content 48
Graph 14. Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8231 G 6 - 14% glass fiber filled
nylon 6 tested at 0.15% moisture content : 48
Graph 15. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Durethan BKV030 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6
tested at 0.47% moisture content... 50
Graph 16. Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilon PVN-3H 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested
at 0.4% moisture content 50
Graph 17. Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8233G 33% glass fiber filled nylon 6
tested at 0.3% moisture content. .52
Graph 18. Storage and loss properties for BASF Ultramid B3EG6 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested
at 0.5% moisture content 52
Graph 19. Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp PF 1006HI 30% glass fiber filled, impact
modified nylon 6 tested at 0.3% moisture content 54
Graph 20. Storage and loss properties for DSM Engineering Fiberfil 17-33 33% glass fiber filled, impact
modified nylon 6 tested at 0.3% moisture content 54
Graph 21. Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8267G 40% glass fiber/ mineral filled
nylon 6 tested at 0.3% moisture content 56
Graph 22. Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8234G 44% glass fiber filled nylon 6
tested at 0.4% moisture content.. 56
Graph 23. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran N6G50 50% long glass fiber filled nylon 6
tested at 0.4% moisture content.. .58
Graph 24. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 151 unfi lied nylon 612 58
Graph 25. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 77G43L 43% glass fiber filled nylon 612 tested
at 0.35% moisture content 60

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Graphs
Graph 26. Storage and loss properties for LNP Therrnocomp IF100-12 60% glass fiber filled nylon 612
tested at 0.4% moisture content. 60
Graph 27. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel lOlL unfilled nylon 66 tested at
0.5% moisture content 62
Graph 28. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel CFE4003 unfilled, impact modified
nylon 66 tested at 0.5% moisture content 62
Graph 29. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST80l unfilled, impact modified
nylon 66 tested dryas molded 64
Graph 30. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST801 unfilled, impact modified
nylon 66 tested at 0.6% moisture content 64
Graph 31. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 70G 13L 13% glass fiber filled
nylon 66 tested at 0.2% moisture content 66
Graph 32. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 70G33L 33% glass fiber filled
nylon 66 tested at 0.4% moisture content 66
Graph 33. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanese 1603-240% glass fiber filled
nylon 66 tested at 0.5% moisture content 68
Graph 34. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanese NFX-0102 40% glass bead filled
nylon 66 tested at 0.6% moisture content 68
Graph 35. Storage and loss properties for DuPont MinIon 6122 40% mineral filled nylon 66
tested at 0.5% moisture content.. 70
Graph 36. Storage and loss properties for DuPont MinIon IOB40 40% mineral filled nylon 66
tested at 0.2% moisture content. 70
Graph 37. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel FE5128 43% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested
at 0.35% moisture content 72
Graph 38. Storage and loss properties for DuPont MinIon II C40 40% mineral filled, impact modified
nylon 66 tested at 0.5% moisture content 72
Graph 39. Storage and loss properties for DuPont MinIon 12T 40% mineral filled, impact modified
nylon 66 tested at 0.6% moisture content 74
Graph 40. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 82G33L 33% glass fiber filled, impact modified
nylon 6/66 tested at 0.2% moisture content 74
Graph 41. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 72G33L 33% glass fiber filled nylon 6/66 tested
at 0.4% moisture content 76
Graph 42. Storage and loss properties for LNP Verton RF700-l OEM 50% long glass fiber filled nylon 6/66
tested at I % moisture content 76
Graph 43. Storage and loss properties for Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Reny 1032 60% glass fiber
filled nylon MXD6 78
Graph 44. Storage and loss properties for EMS Grivory 5H 50% glass fiber filled nylon, aromatic
copolymer tested at 0.3% moisture content 78
Graph 45. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel HTN51 G35HSL 35% glass fiber filled nylon,
partially aromatic 80
Graph 46. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 141R unfilled polycarbonate (PC) 80
Graph 47. Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers PC429MMHI-200 unfilled polycarbonate (PC) 82
Graph 48. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makrolon T7435 unfilled, impact modified polycarbonate (PC) 82
Graph 49. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 500 10% glass fiber filled polycarbonate (PC) 84
Graph 50. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 3412 20% glass fiber filled polycarbonate (PC) 84

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Graphs
Graph 51. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 325 unfilled polybutylene
terephthalate (polyester PBT) 86
Graph 52. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanex 2016 unfilled polybutylene
terephthalate (polyester PBT) 86
Graph 53. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 744 10% glass fiber filled, impact
modified polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PBT) 88
Graph 54. Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp PDXW96630 10% glass fiber filled,
impact modified polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PBT) 88
Graph 55. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 420 30% glass fiber filled polybutylene
terephthalate (polyester PBT) 90
Graph 56. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 530 30% glass fiber filled polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET) 90
Graph 57. Storage and loss properties for Plastics Engineering Pienco 50030 30% glass fiber filled
polyethylene terephthalate (polyester PET) 92
Graph 58. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Impet 330R 30% glass fiber filled polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET) 92
Graph 59. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite FR530 30% glass fiber filled, flame retardant
polyethylene terephthalate (polyester PET) 94
Graph 60. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite RE5211 30% glass fiber filled, color stable
polyethylene terephthalate (polyester PET) 94
Graph 61. Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Petra 130 30% glass fiber filled, from recyclate
polyethylene terephthalate (polyester PET) 96
Graph 62. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 545 45% glass fiber filled polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET) 96
Graph 63. Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 555 55% glass fiber filled polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET) 98
Graph 64. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 1000 unfilled polyetherimide (PEl)
tested dryas molded 98
Graph 65. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 1000 unfilled polyetherimide (PEl)
tested at 0.5% moisture content... 100
Graph 66. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 2300 30% glass fiber filled
polyetherimide (PEl) tested dryas molded 100
Graph 67. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 2300 30% glass fiber filled
polyetherimide (PEI) tested at 0.5% moisture content 102
Graph 68. Storage and loss properties for Victrex PEEK 450G unfilled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 102
Graph 69. Storage and loss properties for Exxon Escorene 1032 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP) 104
Graph 70. Storage and loss properties for Polypropylene 400121 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP) 104
Graph 71. Storage and loss properties for Polypropylene 400145 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP) 106
Graph 72. Storage and loss properties for Montell PF062-2 20% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP) 106
Graph 73. Storage and loss properties for Montell PF072-3C 30% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP) 108
Graph 74. Storage and loss properties for Montell PF072-4C 40% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP) 108
Graph 75. Storage and loss properties for Ferro RPP40EA63UL 40% glass fiber filled, chemically
coupled polypropylene (PP) 110
Graph 76. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran PPG40 40% long glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP) ..110

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Graphs
Graph 77. Storage and loss properties for Ferro HPP40GR09BK 10% glass fiber, 30% talc filled
polypropylene (PP) 112
Graph 78. Storage and loss properties for Ferro TPP40AC45BK 40% talc filled polypropylene (PP) 112
Graph 79. Storage and loss properties for Ferro MPP40FJl5NA 40% mica filled, chemically coupled
polypropylene (PP) 114
Graph 80. Storage and loss properties for Montell SB224-2C 20% glass fiber filled polypropylene
copolymer (PP copolymer) 114
Graph 81. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Topas 5513 unfilled cyclic olefin copolymer 116
Graph 82. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Topas 6013 unfilled cyclic olefin copolymer 116
Graph 83. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl N225X flame retardant, moderate heat
resistance syrene modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE) 118
Graph 84. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl SEIX flame retardant, high heat resistance
syrene modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE) 118
Graph 85. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl SEI-GFNI 10% glass fiber filled, flame
retardant syrene modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE) 120
Graph 86. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl GFN2 20% glass fiber filled syrene
modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE) 120
Graph 87. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl GFN3 30% glass fiber filled syrene
modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE) 122
Graph 88. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 1140 40% glass fiber filled polyphenylene
sulfide (PPS) 122
Graph 89. Storage and loss properties for Phillips 66 Ryton R4 40% glass fiber filled, branched
polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 124
Graph 90. Storage and loss properties for Phillips 66 Ryton BR90A 40% glass fiber filled, impact
modified polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 124
Graph 91. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran PPSG50 50% long glass fiber filled
polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 126
Graph 92. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 4184 50% glass fiber/ mineral filled
polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 126
Graph 93. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 6165 65% glass fiber/ mineral filled
polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 128
Graph 94. Storage and loss properties for Amoco Performance Polymers Radel AG220 20% glass
fiber filled polyethersulfone (PES) 128
Graph 95. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac T unfilled, high impact, general
purpose acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 130
Graph 96. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac GSM unfilled, high impact
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 130
Graph 97. Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Magnum 9010 unfilled, medium impact
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 132
Graph 98. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac DFA-R unfilled, medium impact
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 132
Graph 99. Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Magnum 941 unfilled, very high impact
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 134
Graph 100. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac KJW unfilled, flame retardant
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 134

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Graphs
Graph 101. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac VW300 unfilled, halogen free
flame retardant acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 136
Graph 102. Storage and loss properties for RTP 601 FR 10% glass fiber filled, flame retardant
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 136
Graph 103. Storage and loss properties for RTP 605 30% glass fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 138
Graph 104. Storage and loss properties for RTP 60740% glass fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 138
Graph 105. Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran ABS SS6 6% long stainless steel fiber
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 140
Graph 106. Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Styron 484 unfilled high impact polystyrene (HIPS) 140
Graph 107. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Lustran SAN3l unfilled styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) ..142
Graph 108. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Triax 1125 unfilled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/
nylon alloy (ABS/ nylon alloy) 142
Graph 109. Storage and loss properties for Cyro Cyrex RDG200 unfilled, impact modified acrylic/
polycarbonate alloy (acrylic/ PC alloy) 144
Graph 110. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Bayblend FRI44l brominated flame retardant
polycarbonate/ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy (PC/ ABS alloy) 144
Graph 111. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Bayblend FRIIO halogen free flame retardant polycarbonate/
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy (PC/ ABS alloy) 146
Graph 112. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Xenoy 6123 unfilled, impact modified
polycarbonate polybutylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PBT alloy) 146
Graph 113. Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Xenoy 6240 10% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polycarbonate polybutylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PBT alloy) l 48
Graph 114. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makroblend UTlOl8 unfilled, impact modified
polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy) 148
Graph 115. Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST125 unfilled, from recyclate
polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy) 150
Graph 116. Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy STiIOWCS impact modified, from
recyclate polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy) 150
Graph 117. Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy STl50 unfilled, impact modified, from
recyclate polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy) 152
Graph 118. Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makroblend UT403 unfilled, impact modified, UV stabilized,
low viscosity polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy) 152
Graph 119. Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy STl70-30G 30% glass fiber filled, impact
modified, from recyclate polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy) ......154
Graph 120. Storage and loss properties for Montell Hivalloy GXPA064 35% glass fiber filled, impact
modified polypropylene/ polystyrene alloy (PP/ PS alloy) 154
Graph 121. Storage and loss properties for Montell Hivalloy GXPA065 35% glass fiber filled, impact
modified polypropylene/ polystyrene alloy (PP/ PS alloy) 156

Table of Contents - Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 1 Introduction

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) has emerged enon of viscoelasticity. Failure modes such as
as one of the most powerful tools available for the fatigue, creep rupture, excessive deformation, and
study of the behavior of plastic materials. Simply environmental aging are all related to the vis-
stated, DMA measures the viscoelastic properties coelastic properties of a plastic material.
of materials. Since all polymers are viscoelastic in Fortunately, viscoelastic behavior can be readily
nature, this analytical method is perfectly suited to measured and interpreted using dynamic mechani-
the task of evaluating the complex array of phe- cal analysis. The objective of this work is to
nomena that polymeric materials present to us. describe the principles of dynamic mechanical
Unfortunately, viscoelastic theory has been devel- analysis and present the results with an emphasis
oped by the discipline of polymer physics and has on the practical. Professionals working in the disci-
been articulated in highly mathematical terms. plines of design and engineering will discover a
While this work has been essential in promoting new tool for understanding polymer behavior. This
the understanding of the fundamental aspects of understanding will improve the material selection
polymer structure, it has kept the tool of DMA con- process and assist in optimizing the cost/perfor-
fined to research and development circles. The mance balance in both new and existing products
early instrumentation was difficult to calibrate and made from plastic materials.
use, and the meaning of the results was not always
clear to professionals who worked outside the the- Test Method for DMA Data
oretical realm.
All tests run to generate the DMA data were per-
Over the last decade, DMA instrumentation has formed according to ASTM D4065-94 using a fixed
become more user friendly. With proper care, use- frequency of oscillation of I Hz and a sample heat-
ful experiments can easily be run on a wide variety ing rate of 2°C/minute. Use of this heating rate
of materials and product shapes. At the same time, allows the data to be directly related to deflection
plastic materials are being used more than ever temperature under load (DTUL) data generated by
before in high-performance markets typically ASTM D648 or ISO 75. All tests were initiated at
reserved for metals and ceramics. This has made it -60°C and run through the Tg for amorphous mate-
critical that designers and engineers understand the rials and up to the melting point for semi-crystalline
subtle aspects of polymer behavior. These subtle materials. The mode of stress is flexure and the fix-
aspects are more likely to appear with extended ture configuration is a single cantilever beam.
service life and they relate directly to the phenom-

© Plastic Design Library Introduction

 2 Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation

The complexity of polymer behavior relates ulti-

mately to viscoelasticity. Most classical materials
exhibit either elastic or viscous behavior in
response to an applied stress. Elastic responses are
typical in solid materials. When a stress is applied
to an elastic system it deforms proportionally by a
quantity identified as the strain. We can quantita-
tively express the relationship between the applied
stress and the resulting strain as:

where t is the stress in shear, y is the strain, and G

is the shear modulus. The same equation can be Time
written for other modes of stress such as tension.
The response of an elastic system to applied stress Figure 1. Relationship of stress and strain with time for a
pure elastic system.
is instantaneous and completely recoverable. We
say that the system stores the energy and can return behavior that departs significantly from that of
it to the system completely when the stress is classical Newtonian fluids. In both the solid and the
removed. The above equation is familiar to us as fluid state, these materials exhibit a combination of
Hooke's Law and a spring is used as the model for elastic and viscous responses when placed under
materials governed by this law. Figure I illustrates stress. In a solid plastic beam we can perform clas-
the behavior of an elastic system in time. sical measurements of stress versus strain that
allow us to calculatea modulus. However, if we
Viscous behavior is a characteristic of fluids, mate- maintain a constant applied load, we find that the
rials where the bond energies necessary for long- resulting strain is not constant; it continues to
range translational order have been overcome. In increase as a function of time. In engineering terms
these systems an applied stress results in a strain we refer to this as creep or cold flow and it is actu-
that increases proportionally with time until the ally a manifestation of viscous flow in the appar-
stress is removed. The strain is not recoverable; ently solid polymer. A counterpart to this behavior
when the stress is removed the deformation is com-
pletely retained. We say that the energy has been

lo
lost to the system. The model of a dashpot is fre-
quently used as an analogy. Figure 2 shows this
behavior graphically. Newton first defined the
mathematical relationship between the applied Time
stress and the resulting strain rate in a fluid and
termed the resulting ratio the viscosity,

t=l1- Y
.
where t is the stress, y is the strain rate, and 11 is
the viscosity.

The large size and conformational variety of poly-

mer molecules prevent these materials from form-
ing the fully ordered systems that we normally Time

associate with solid materials. By the same token,

in the fluid state, the high degree of chain entan- Figure 2. Relationship of stress and strain with time for a
glement that is possible in these systems produces purely viscous system.

© Plastic Design Library Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation

4

is known as stress relaxation. Here the strain is held

as the constant and the stress required to maintain
that strain is measured as a function of time. In a
viscoelastic system the stress decreases with time.
lto t1
Time
t2

Since modulus is defined as the ratio of stress to

strain, it can be seen that the modulus calculation in
viscoelastic systems must incorporate a time func-
tion and cannot be considered as an immutable
property independent of the period over which the
Viscous
measurement is made. At a structural level, the
polymer chains are slowly rearranging in response
to the applied stress. Knowledge of the rate at Elastic

which this occurs is critical to an accurate determi-

nation of a material's fitness-for-use in a particular t1 .2

application. Time

Figure 3. Relationship of stress and strain with time for a

Similarly, we can perform viscosity determinations viscoelastic system.
on a polymer in the fluid state by applying a known
stress and measuring the resulting strain rate or rate Determining the proportion of the elastic and vis-
of flow. In a Newtonian fluid the viscosity is a con- cous components in a polymer, and the factors that
stant that is independent of the strain rate. cause that balance to change, is crucial to under-
However, if we measure the viscosity of a polymer standing how a material will perform in a given
fluid at various strain rates, we find that it changes, application environment. It can also provide valu-
becoming lower at higher strain rates. At a struc- able information regarding structure and composi-
tural level this effect is produced when the long, tion. DMA accomplishes this resolution. While it is
entangled polymer chains become oriented in the possible to perform dynamic mechanical measure-
direction of flow and the entire system moves with ments on solids and fluids, the focus of this work is
reduced resistance. When the strain is suddenly improved material selection for end-use applica-
removed the long chains re-entangle and the fluid tions. Therefore, this work will concentrate on
exhibits aspects of elastic recovery. solid-state properties.

To further complicate the picture, the balance To this point, we have discussed the time-depen-
between the elastic and viscous response changes dent aspects of material behavior. While the best
for a given material as a function of temperature. In
the solid state this balance is reflected in terms of
load-bearing properties - time-dependent behavior
such as creep and stress relaxation, as well as
impact properties. In the fluid state, viscoelasticity
Stress
provides information on molecular weight, molecu-
lar weight distribution, thermal stability, and
crosslinking. The equation relating stress and strain
in a viscoelastic system introduces the aspect of
,
time dependency ,,
," time
,
,
t = G(t)· Y ,, ,,
............
where G(t) is the stress relaxation modulus. The
material initially responds in an elastic manner,
then as a viscous fluid. When the stress is removed,
the elastic portion recovers over an extended peri-
od of time. Figure 3 provides a generalized illustra-
tion of this compound behavior. Figure 4. The behavior of an elastic system under oscilla-
tory stress. Stress and strain and in phase.

Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation © Plastic Design Library

 5

When tensile, flexural, or shear modulus are mea-

sured by traditional methods, it is the complex
modulus that is the result of the test. It is defined as
Sire••
the slope of the stress-strain curve in the linear
\\----_
.
,..
,,
... .. .. .. Sirain
,,
region. The DMA resolves this complex modulus
into the storage and loss component. The smaller
, ,,
,, , the phase angle is, the closer the elastic modulus is
to the complex modulus. It is convenient to think of
//,/ Time
the elastic and viscous component in the vector
" terms illustrated in Figure 6a-c. Figure 6a shows
" the relationship between the stress and strain vec-

,
I
I
I
E" IE"
Figure 5. The behavior of a viscous system under oscilla- I

tory stress. Stress and strain are 90° out of phase.

,
I

I
E'

dynamic mechanical analyzers can be operated in a a b c

controlled stress or controlled strain mode, the pri-
mary value of the method is in the dynamic exper- Figure 6. (a) Relationship of the stress and strain vectors
in a dynamic experiment. (b) Stress vectors
iment. In this mode of operation, the DMA instru- resolved into the loss and storage components,
ment applies an oscillatory stress with a controlled (c) Corresponding modulus vectors with loss
frequency. Dynamic modulus values using this vector transposed to form a right triangle.
method are a function of frequency rather than
time. The stress function is sinusoidal. In a perfect-
ly elastic system the applied stress and the resulting tors. Figure 6b shows the stress vectors resolved
strain will be in phase as shown in Figure 4. For an into their storage and loss component. The storage
ideal fluid the stress will lead the strain by 90° (n12 component is in phase with the strain. Figure 6c
radians) as illustrated in Figure 5. A viscoelastic expresses the vectors in terms of the modulus. The
material will give some hybrid of these two transposed loss modulus shows that the complex
responses. The stress and strain will be out of phase modulus can be thought of as the hypotenuse of a
by some quantity known as the phase angle and right triangle and the storage and loss components
commonly referred to as delta (3). A small phase as the two shorter legs that are perpendicular to
angle indicates high elasticity while a large phase each other. The tangent of the phase angle, often
angle is associated with highly viscous properties. referred to as tan delta, can be used to deduce the
The complex response of the material is resolved shape of the right triangle. In the solid state, tan
into the elastic or storage modulus (G') and the vis- delta for a polymeric material rarely rises above 0.1
cous or loss modulus (G") if the deformation is in until the material approaches the softening temper-
the shear mode. If the deformation is in the tensile ature. A tan delta of 0.1 is analogous to a right tri-
or flexural mode, then E' and E" are used. Table 1 angle with a long side of 10 units and a short side
provides a summary of the key terms. of 1 unit. A triangle of these dimensions will have
a hypotenuse 10.05 units long. This quantifies the
Table 1 relationship between the complex modulus mea-
Key Viscoelastic Terms sured by a classical stress-strain test and the elastic
modulus measured by DMA. For the vast majority
Complex Modulus G*or E* = a*/y of the conditions at which DMA measurements are
Elastic Modulus G' or E' = a'/y = (a*/y)cos made on solid polymers, the complex modulus and
Viscous Modulus G" or E" = a''1y = (a*/y)sin the elastic modulus can be considered equivalent.
Table 2 shows the relationship between tan delta
Complex Viscosity n* = G*/y and the degree of variation between the elastic and
Loss Tangent tan 3 = G''1G' or E''1E' complex modulus.

© Plastic Design Library Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation

6

A brief note about the frequency of the measure- 2.1 Data Presentation
ment is in order here. Many OMA instruments pro-
vide the experimenter with the option of operating The information from OMA tests can be configured
the device in either the fixed frequency or the reso- in a variety of ways depending upon the design of
nant frequency mode. Many older instruments offer the test. For solid materials, the most common
only the resonant frequency option. In the resonant experiment is a temperature sweep. A frequency
frequency method, the instrument finds the natural and amplitude of oscillatory stress are selected and
frequency of the material and this frequency varies maintained as constants throughout the experiment.
with the rigidity of the sample. As the sample is A heating routine is selected and the material tem-
heated and the modulus changes, the change is perature is raised from the desired starting temper-
measured in terms of a reduction in the frequency, ature to an endpoint. Two types of heating routines
which is then converted to modulus values. In rigid are sanctioned by ASTM 0-4065, the method gov-
systems the resonant frequency will typically fall erning dynamic mechanical analysis.
between 15-30 Hz. While this method can be use-
ful for making rapid and approximate determina- The first is a stairstep method where the sample
tions of transition temperatures, it is primarily temperature is raised in 5°C increments and
designed for handling very stiff samples that are allowed to equilibrate at each temperature for 3.5
rarely encountered when working with polymer minutes before performing the measurements.
systems. In addition, there are two disadvantages to Since the sample thermocouple is typically 1 mm
operat-ing in the resonant frequency mode. First, away from the face of the material, and the sample
subtle transitions that may appear in a multi-phase will have some thickness that may vary from 0.5-5
system such as a polymer blend do not resolve well mm, this method is designed to overcome the
at high frequencies. Second, since viscoelastic problems associated with thermal lag between the
properties are time dependent and therefore measured temperature and the actual bulk tempera-
frequency dependent, a method that allows the ture of the material. However, the method has the
frequency to change during the scan will be disadvantage of only providing a data point every
inherently less accurate than a method that controls 5°C. This may be adequate for instances where the
the frequency as a constant. For this reason, the objective of the test is an approximate storage mod-
ASTM method written for dynamic mechanical ulus value, since interpolation is possible for appli-
analysis specifies a frequency of 1 Hz. This stan- cations where the temperature of interest falls
dard is adhered to in the data contained in the between measurement points. However, for identi-
appendix. This ensures that results from different fying exact transition temperatures, which appear
experimenters will not contain discrepancies based as peaks in the loss modulus and tan delta curves,
on the frequency-dependent behavior of the materi- this method is less satisfactory than a continuous
als. In section 4.3 advanced methods using multiple heating method.
fixed frequencies will be discussed.
Continuous heating routines using heating rates of
Table 2 1-2°C are also permitted in the ASTM method.
Effect of Tan Delta on Variance These typically provide 5-20 distinct data points
Between Complex And Storage Modulus per degree and allow for the study of materials
where the temperature and the peak height of
Tan Delta Variance (E*/E') important transitions are critical. The heating rate
0.00 1.00000 of 2°C/minute is particularly useful since it is also
0.01 1.00005 the heating rate used in determining the heat
0.03 1.00045 deflection temperature (HOT) of plastic materials
0.05 1.00125 by ASTM 0-648 or ISO 75. Most users of OMA
0.10 1.00499 data for engineering purposes come from a tradi-
0.20 1.01980 tion of short-term property charts where the only
0.30 1.04403 attempt to address elevated temperature perfor-
0.50 1.11803 mance comes in the form of an HOT value. We will
0.75 1.25000 discuss the relationship between HOT values and
1.00 1.41421 OMA data in section 3.3. In order to allow the user

Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation © Plastic Design Library

 7

to readily relate HDT values to DMA data, the data to rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics, this discus-
provided in the appendix is generated using a heat- sion will focus on the two most important polymer
ing rate of 2°C/minute. The stairstep method is use- families within this category - amorphous and
ful for more advanced tests that will be discussed in semi-crystalline materials. Examples of a thermo-
section 4. These involve evaluations at multiple plastic elastomer and a rigid crosslinked system
frequencies or stress relaxation and creep tests will be reviewed for contrast.
where multiple measurements or long-time mea-
surements must be made at a constant temperature. -r------------------~500

-60.70°C
3.006 GPo
The most common graphic presentation involves 3
2.0 400

plotting the elastic or storage modulus (E' or G'),

the viscous or loss modulus (E" or G"), and tan ,.e
delta as a function of temperature. The deformation
;f
!2. 2
.
J!!
Q
300
;f
~
W c
{! W
mode for the data provided in the appendix is flex-
ure and therefore E' and E" are used. From an engi- I T
1
'.0 200

I
neering standpoint, these are more useful values for
evaluating solid-state performance while shear
results are more significant for flexible systems
- 0.5

0.0
100

0
such as uncured crosslinkable materials, adhesives,
pastes, and melts. In addition, experience has -jOO 110 I
Temperature ("C)
shown that tensile and flexural modulus values are
nearly equivalent for a homogeneous system. It is Figure 7a. Storage and loss properties for an unfilled
polycarbonate.
therefore possible to approximate tensile modulus
values from the flexural modulus data provided. Figure 7a shows a typical DMA result for polycar-
Conventionally, the y-axis data is plotted on a log- bonate, an amorphous thermoplastic. The full-scale
arithmic scale. This can be particularly useful for plot begins at -60°C and ends at 175°C. It can be
amorphous polymers where the glass transition seen that there is little change in the storage modu-
may reduce the storage modulus of the material by lus between the initial temperature and 140°C.
2-3 orders of magnitude and obscure changes relat- However, between 140-160°C the storage modulus
ed to molecular weight that may occur above the drops by over two orders of magnitude and the
glass transition. However, in semi-crystalline sys- material has lost its usefulness as a structural mate-
tems the changes in stor-age modulus are typically rial. This abrupt change in physical properties is
less than an order of magnitude until the material associated with the onset of short-range molecular
approaches the melting point. If the softening of the motions known as the glass transition. The amor-
material is included in the plot, it can obscure the phous structure in a polymer is often likened to that
effects of the glass transition. In addition, logarith- of glass because there is structural rigidity without
mic scales tend to obscure differences between the presence of a well-organized intermolecular
materials in a comparative plot. For loss properties, structure. In an amorphous polymer the glass tran-
logarithmic scales tend to diminish the visual sition can be thought of as a softening temperature.
impact of transitions. For data that focuses on
solid-state performance, clarity is enhanced by uti- Figure 7b expands the graph to show the glass tran-
lizing a linear scale for all y-axis data, and this con- sition in more detail. We can see that the loss mod-
vention has been chosen for the graphs in the ulus rises to a maximum as the storage modulus is
appendix. in its most rapid rate of descent. The peak of the
loss modulus is conventionally identified as the
2.2 Structural Characteristics of glass transition temperature (Tg)' even though the
Polymers DMA plot clearly shows that the transition is a
process that spans a temperature range. In most
In order to make the best use of DMA data, it is amorphous polymers the temperature range is rela-
useful to relate representative plots to the structur- tively narrow, 25-40°C for materials that do not
al characteristics of different polymer families. contain polymeric modifiers such as elastomeric
Since this initial version of the database is devoted toughening agents. The tan delta curve follows the

© Plastic Design Library Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation

 8

2.5 ~---------------------r-500
amorphous and crystalline regions. Consequently,
152.1-c

433.2 NPIl ~ 157.9""C they exhibit both a melting point and a glass transi-
2.0
I \ /~ 2.022 Al 2.0 400
tion. The glass transition can be readily identified
/ \i \ /V in the DMA plot. The storage modulus declines
I \i \ /
Ci
1.5
J ~ \ / S 1.5 300 Ci rapidly and the loss modulus and the tan delta
Q.
~ i\ ,~.-/' ~
c
Q.
e curve rise to maximum values. However, because
w i\ ~ W

/
, \
200 7I of the presence of a crystalline matrix, the material
I
1.0 1.0
I \
, \
T I
,, 1 1 does not soften above the glass transition. The new
,
",/ \,
0.5 ~/"" \ 0.5 100 mobility of the amorphous regions causes a reduc-

0.0
--......---~...
._---_._------~,.,..
,.,,/
J
" \'...
' ............ _------_. 0.::1 0
tion in the storage modulus, but the material
exhibits useful solid-state properties until the mate-
rial approaches the melting point, some I50a C
120 130 140 150 160 170 180
Temperature (0C) above the glass transition. The diminished effect of
Figure 7b. Expanded plot of storage and loss properties
for polycarbonate at T g' 3.0
72.33·C
19.... 2 MPa
200
-SO.65-C
2.5 2.991 SPa 0.20
loss modulus curve closely and provides a running
tally on the ratio of the elastic and viscous phases 150
2.0
in the polymer. At low temperatures leading up to ic 0.15

the glass transition, tan delta is well below 0.1. The ,I r::::
~

I ~=-JI
rapid rise in the tan delta curve coincides with the T 100
1 0.10
rapid decline in the storage modulus. Above 150a C 1.0

the tan delta curve rises rapidly and reaches a peak

above 2.0. In this region the contribution of the loss
modulus to the complex modulus is equal to or
0.5

0.0
-----:::-;
10.49'C /
0.05 50

greater than that of the storage modulus. Once the -100 -50 50 100 150 200 250

glass transition is complete, the loss modulus drops Temperature (OC)

back to a level close to the pre-transition values. Figure 8a. Storage and loss properties for unfilled nylon 6.
However, because of the drastic reduction in elas-
tic properties, the tan delta values do not decline the glass transition on the properties of the semi-
significantly. The low storage modulus indicates crystalline material can also be seen in the tan delta
that the material is easily deformed by an applied peak value. Instead of rising above 1.0 as in most
load. More significantly, the high tan delta values amorphous materials, the peak height for this mate-
mean that once the deformation is induced, the rial barely exceeds 0.15. Nylon 6 gives a result that
material will not recover its original shape. It is is typical for a semi-crystalline polymer. The pri-
considered to be soft and pliable. The pattern mary differences between semi-crystalline materi-
observed here for polycarbonate is typical of all als are in the actual glass transition temperatures,
amorphous materials. The key difference lies in the melting points, and degree of storage modulus
glass transition temperature (Tg) and the storage decline associated with the glass transition. The
modulus below T g' glass transition can be thought of as the softening
point of the amorphous regions, and the melting
Figure 8a shows a DMA plot for nylon 6, a semi- point represents the solid-liquid transition for the
crystalline polymer. Semi-crystalline polymers are semi-crystalline structure. Therefore, the reduction
so named because the large extended chain mole- in the storage modulus through the glass transition
cules are not capable of achieving the perfect lat- can serve as a relative indicator of degree of crys-
tice order that is typical of the crystalline structure tallinity. We will see later that there are other mod-
in lower molecular weight materials. We speak, ifications that increase the elastic properties of a
therefore, in terms of degree of crystallinity. If the material and decrease the effect of the glass transi-
degree of crystallinity reaches 30-35% in a poly- tion on the storage modulus. Therefore, care must
mer matrix, then there is sufficient order to produce be taken in interpreting the structural details behind
a material with an identifiable crystalline melting DMA data. Once the semicrystalline material
point. These materials are actually a mixture of approaches the melting point, the tan delta value

Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation © Plastic Design Library

 9

material used in printed circuit boards. Since the

2.~ 71.27"C
lle.8 OPo
(:
\
120 material is crosslinked, it has no melting point and
, 0 .• in this respect it resembles an amorphous material.
2.0 ,I lDO
However, due to the crosslinking, the plateau mod-
\ ulus beyond the glass transition does not decline to
'i \ :!
0 .• ., 'i
~
w
I.' \ <!l ~ near zero. Instead, the material will still exhibit
\''--- \ c
W
I
!!
., ,
useful load-bearing characteristics even 50-75°C
I \, 7
0.'
T I

.,
1.0
\ 1 1 above T g' Note also that in crosslinked systems the
0.' 10.53-&
\ 0.2
tan delta values above Tg return to pre-Tg levels.
0.1153 " /
_____ ._.--/?I-'----~ ~13.6·C 2'
Elastomers have glass transition temperatures
o.oJ 0.0
below room temperature and their storage modu-
-100 -liO 0 ~ 100 1
Temperature (Ge)
200 250
lus properties are typically very low at ambient
conditions. In this respect, they resemble a rigid
Figure Sb. Storage and loss properties for an unfilled amorphous material that has been heated above
nylon 6/12 showing the rapid rise in tan delta as
the material softens.
T g' However, unlike the amorphous materials,
elastomers exhibit relatively low tan delta proper-
will rapidly increase as the material changes from ties above T g' indicating that while little force is
an elastic solid to a viscous fluid. Figure 8b shows required to deform the material, recovery will be
a DMA plot for a nylon 6/12 heated above the melt- good once the applied load is removed. Intuitively
ing point. The tan delta value above the melting this confirms our physical experience with elas-
point is great enough to dwarf the glass transition 10,.------------ ---.-

event. The onset temperature for the rapid increase

in tan delta will agree closely with the melting ;:::8~ 11
1\
~ -33.91"C
0.7240
'-000

point measured by calorimetric methods. 1\ 0.6

\ ,"1,
I , .00

Crosslinked systems such as rigid thermosets pro-

duce DMA results that are somewhat unique to the
type of matrix polymer. Epoxies and phenolics, for , ,
/\II \------
I -. . . ,
I
J!!
<!l
c
!!
0.'
llOO
i
~
W
7

I
I
, I I
'00 I

example, have distinct temperature-dependent ,// \ 0.2

.!.

behaviors that make them easily distinguishable. 2

\ 200

However, in general these materials all have a well- \

\
defined glass transition that produces the typical o -211.3!I"C
0.1036 _
0.0

behavior of a declining storage modulus coincident -1 D -liO IlO 1 0 180 200

with a rising loss modulus and tan delta. Figure 9 Temperature ('C)

shows the storage and loss properties for an epoxy

Figure 10. Storage and loss properties for a thermoset
elastomer.

.{.
20,.------------------,2.5

lllO.7"C -II"
2.281_ I~"_ tomeric compounds. When the temperature is low-
, \ 187.1"C ered, the material passes through the glass transi-
18 0.3212
\ ! \\ tion and presents itself as a rigid system. If the
i ,.2i 15 ~
material is a crosslinked elastomer then it will have
a low but measurable modulus to very high tem-
T +1.0 T peratures while a thermoplastic elastomer will
1 ,..1 .!. exhibit a second modulus decline associated with

t·
0.01-0.0
5 the melting point. This difference is most easily
observed by plotting the storage modulus on a log-
arithmic scale. In addition, the tan delta values will
I
0+-~-1lO....-~-~~---:l1 -:----:T:----:::r:----=r:-~ be much higher for the melted thermoplastic sys-
Temperature (Ge) I tem than for the crosslinked thermoset elastomer.
Figure 9. Storage and loss properties for an epoxy circuit Figure 10 shows a typical DMA result for a
board material. crosslinked elastomer.

© Plastic Design Library Principles of Polymer Structure And Instrument Operation

 3 Properties Measured By DMA

3.1 Storage Modulus Versus 10

Temperature
From an engineering standpoint, the most useful
and accessible information available from a DMA
test is the plot of storage modulus versus tempera-
ture. As we have indicated above, it enables us to
determine the basic structure of the polymer sys-
tem. The ability to distinguish between a semi-
crystalline and an amorphous material is not unique
to DMA. However, DMA may be the only tech-
nique that provides this structural information and
~1+00:--'--50"--~""""'~-50"--~""100-~1""50----'200'--~2""'50-~
at the same time provides quantitative data regard- Temperature (OC)
ing the modulus of the material at any temperature
of interest. At a time when new designs are sub- Figure 11. Storage modulus vs. temperature for a 30%
glass fiber-reinforced PET polyester.
jected to extensive structural analysis, it is impor-
tant that the analyst have accurate material proper-
ty data available in order to make the best use of the Table 3
computer programs. For most plastic materials, the
only modulus values readily available are the room Modulus Data For 30 % Glass
temperature values from the short-term property Fiber-Reinforced PET Polyester
charts. Because the storage modulus is nearly
equivalent to the complex modulus, it will be Temperature COC)WF) Flexural Modulus (GPa)/(psi)
observed that the property chart values at room -40/-40 10.33511,500,000
temperature will agree closely with the room tem- 23/73 8.960/1,300,000
perature DMA values. However, the property chart 93/200 3.580/ 520,000
provides no information about material behavior 149/300 2.690/ 390,000
above or below this single point.
Plots of storage modulus allow for the direct com-
Even in those rare cases where a property like mod- parison of a variety of materials that may be con-
ulus is measured at three or four temperatures, sidered as candidates for an application. While
interpolation or extrapolation to a particular tem- there are many considerations in selecting the cor-
perature of interest can be difficult due to the pres- rect plastic material for an application, load-bear-
ence of transitions and the resulting non-linear ing capability is typically an important criterion. If
behavior. Table 3 gives flexural modulus values for a part will experience a particular operating tem-
a PET polyester at four temperatures, -40, 23, 93, perature, DMA plots provide a quantitative com-
and 149°C (-40, 73, 200, and 300°F). Accurate parison of the elastic modulus at that temperature.
interpolation to a modulus at noc (l70°F) will be More importantly, the DMA plots provide a picture
difficult since the slope of the modulus-tempera- of those temperature regions where material prop-
ture relationship obviously changes significantly erties are very stable with temperature and those
between room temperature and 300°F. Figure 11 regions where rapid changes may occur that could
shows the actual storage modulus plot as a function render the product useless. Figure 12 provides a
of temperature. It provides direct information on comparison of four glass fiber-reinforced semi-
the modulus-temperature relationship, identifies crystalline thermoplastics that may be considered
the glass transition region, and eliminates the for a particular high-temperature application. All
guesswork. In the 99% of the cases where only the contain 30% glass fiber and are based on PBT poly-
single point at room temperature is available, any ester, PET polyester, nylon 6, and nylon 6/6. If the
attempt to estimate properties at different tempera- planned operating temperature of the application is
tures is futile. 75°C (l67°F) then the PET clearly has the advan-

© Plastic Design Library Properties Measured By DMA

 12

10
resins the modulus above the glass tranSitIon
PET increases with degree of crystallinity. This provides
a very useful method for comparing polymer fami-
8
lies, evaluating differences between materials with-
~ in a given polymer family, and even determining
~
!2.
w8
~\\ structural changes in a specific grade of material
\
subjected to different thermal histories during pro-
I \ \ \\ ~ cessing or end use. For crosslinked systems the
\ \ relationship is found between post-Tg modulus and
the degree of crosslinking.
\ ...... - PET
.....
---~ 3.2 The Meaning of Loss Modulus
and Tan Delta
2±--~-,,!"O-~--1lOT"""-~-1"'0:--~--1"'T.1IO:--~--=:l­
Temperature c"e)
In section 2.2 we reviewed the key differences
Figure 12. Comparison of storage modulus properties for between semi-crystalline and amorphous thermo-
PET polyester, PBT polyester, nylon 6, and nylon
plastics as they manifest in DMA data. This section
6/6, all with 30% glass fiber reinforcement.
is designed to provide a more detailed interpreta-
tage in terms of load-bearing properties. However, tion of the loss properties of a polymer. As has been
all of these materials have relatively low glass tran- stated above, the loss modulus is the contribution
sition temperatures and are in the middle of a rapid of the viscous component in the polymer, that por-
change in properties at this temperature. If occa- tion of the material that will flow under conditions
sional temperature excursions to 120°C are expect- of stress. In engineering terms we encounter this
ed, then the degree of change in modulus as a func- behavior as creep (cold flow) or as stress relaxation
tion of the glass transition becomes a critical factor. depending upon whether the application involves a
At this higher temperature all the materials are constant stress or a constant strain. Tan delta is a
through their transitions, and the nylon 6/6 has the ratio expressed as E"IE'. Since it is dimensionless,
highest modulus. Ultimately, the nylon 6 also has a it provides a convenient means for comparing poly-
higher elastic modulus after all of the transitions mers where storage and loss modulus values may
are complete. If the design engineer determines that be subject to change because of alterations in com-
the modulus loss associated with the glass transi- position, geometry, or processing conditions. Tan
tion is unacceptable, then a material with a T g delta can be thought of as an index of viscoelasticity.
above 120°C can be selected in order to retain the
highest possible modulus. DMA results are the best
tool for such a search.

A generalized plot of storage modulus versus tem- 10 INCREASING

t- ~C~RO~SSLINKED CROSSLINK
perature is shown in Figure 13. The y-axis is loga- DENSITY

rithmic in this case in order to depict the full range

of possible behavior exhibited by amorphous,
TIGHTLY CROSSLINKED 1
semi-crystalline, and crosslinked polymers. This
graph shows that above the glass transition there
are key relationships between storage modulus and
structure that can directly affect product perfor-
mance. For amorphous thermoplastics the modulus
I AMORPHOUS

NO
\SSLINKS

increases with molecular weight. These measure-

ments are made at very low modulus values when
the polymer is essentially a viscous melt. There-
fore, these determinations are difficult to make
Temperature (DC)
with a DMA designed for solid-state measure-
ments and are best accomplished in an instrument Figure 13. Generalized plot of the effects of structure on
designed to handle melts. In semi-crystalline storage modulus properties.

Properties Measured By DMA © Plastic Design Library

 13

In solid plastic materials, tan delta is typically Once the glass transition is complete the decline in
below 0.1 and frequently below 0.03 when the the storage modulus slows or even stops for a cer-
material is below the glass transition. However, tain temperature interval. At the same time, the loss
during a transition both the loss modulus and tan modulus returns to pre-Tg levels. However, as illus-
delta rise as the storage modulus goes into a rapid trated in section 2.2, the tan delta values do not. In
decline. In fact, the coincidence of these events is some amorphous materials such as acrylics and
so pronounced that it is tempting to think of the amorphous nylons, no tan delta peak accompanies
loss modulus as the derivative of the storage mod- the loss modulus peak. Instead, the tan delta curve
ulus. However, this misses the true significance of exhibits a sharp onset that coincides with the loss
the viscous flow properties in a plastic material. modulus peak temperature. Above this temperature
The rapid rise in the loss modulus indicates an the value rises rapidly. Figure 14 shows this behav-
increase in the structural mobility of the polymer, a ior for an amorphous nylon. For semi-crystalline
relaxation process that permits motion along larger materials, the post-Tg tan delta values will also be
portions of the individual polymer chains than higher, 2-4 times greater than they are below Tg'
would be possible below the transition tempera- Then, as the semi-crystalline materials approach the
ture. During the glass transition, which is the melting point tan delta rises again, this time to val-
largest and most important of these relaxations, ues well above 1.0 as the material changes from
those regions within the polymer structure that are solid to liquid. Because the values are so high com-
not either crystallized or crosslinked, become capa- pared to those achieved during the solid-state eval-
ble of an increased degree of freedom. Under an uation, this portion of the curve is usually omitted to
applied load this new mobility will take the form of make the glass transition more visible.
organized movement or flow. The magnitude of the
loss modulus and tan delta peaks varies with the While the glass transition is the most important
severity of the decline in the storage modulus. Thus solid-solid transition in plastic materials, it is not
in an amorphous polymer, which loses 99%+ of its the only significant event revealed by DMA. Any
storage modulus as it passes through the glass tran- change in the mobility of the polymer structure will
sition, tan delta values will typically peak above appear as a peak in the loss modulus and tan delta
1.0 and often above 2.0. This means that during the curves and a step reduction in the storage modulus.
glass transition the loss modulus equals or exceeds These secondary relaxations are typically due to
the storage modulus. Under these conditions, the the onset of rotational motion in the polymer and
material is soft and pliable and is no longer ser- many of them occur at temperatures below the
viceable as a load-bearing material. In an unfilled range of practical interest. In addition, the magni-
semi-crystalline thermoplastic, where the modulus tude of these transitions is much smaller than that
decline is typically 60-90%, tan delta values crest of the glass transition. Nevertheless, some of these
at 0.1-0.2, a full order of magnitude lower than for
r-------------------,.2oo
a fully amorphous system. While molecular mobility -60.71·C
2.0 1.956 GPa
is increased, the crystalline network maintains a portion ~ 108.0·C
170.9MPa
of the elasticity needed for structural applications.
~--
1.5
150
1.5

Assigning an exact value to T g has historically been ~

23.00·C
1.714 GPa . ~
!2. "
,!
1.0 !.
the subject of some disagreement. If the primary W 1.0
c
{2 100 iu
concern is the practical effect of the transition on the
load-bearing characteristics of the material, the onset I ~----- I 0.5
T
.!.

0.5
of a sharp reduction in the storage modulus may be 50

used. However for some material families such as

0.0
polypropylene, unsaturated polyesters, and liquid 0.0

crystal polymers, no well defined onset exists. -1 0 -50 100 150

Alternatively, the peak temperature of either the loss Temperature eC)

modulus or tan delta is used. Of these, the loss mod-

ulus provides the best agreement with determina- Figure 14. Storage and loss properties for amorphous
nylon. Tan delta does not resolve to a peak in
tions made by other thermal analysis methods and the glass transition region but rises rapidly
ASTM has recently codified this into 0-4065. starting at Tg'

© Plastic Design Library Properties Measured By DMA

 14

events help to explain differences in impact perfor- styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) backbone and a low-
mance. Short-range molecular mobility below temperature transition (near -90°C) for the butadiene
room temperature, which appears as sub-ambient rubber phase. Prior knowledge of the composition of
transitions in OMA tests, provides a mechanism for a material is helpful in interpreting the transitions in
energy absorption that can manifest as improved a OMA plot.
toughness in a polymer. Figure 15 shows a com-
parison of tan delta curves for two high-perfor- 6,....---------------------r 300
-tKI.se-c -7. 743-C
8.031 GPIi 2!11.4 ~
mance amorphous polymers, polyethersulfone
2.0 2!lO
(PES) and polyetherimide (PEl). Both materials
have similar chemical structures and comparable
storage modulus properties as a function of tem- .
•
c
1.5
200
;f
perature. However, in impact tests the polyether- c !.

sulfone exhibits greater impact resistance and a

~
1.0
150
,.W
T I
more ductile failure mode. The tan delta curves for 1 100
1
the two polymers show that the PES has a weak but 0.5
measurable relaxation at 4°C while the low-temper-
ature transition in the PEl occurs well above room 0.0
"'
temperature at 96°C. In addition, the tan delta val-
ues for the PES are consistently higher than for the -100 o 110 100 1110
Temperature (·e)
PEl throughout the scan, particularly below room
temperature. Therefore, at room temperature the Figure 16. Storage and loss properties for an impact-
modified acrylic. The low-temperature transi-
PES polymer matrix is more mobile and the greater tion in the loss modulus curve is due to the
tendency for viscous flow results in increased rubbery impact modifier.
toughness.
0.018
3.3 The Relationship of DMA To
0.014
PES
DDT and Vicat Softening
0.012
Professionals who come from an engineering disci-
:! 0.010
pline and who have experience with plastic materi-
~ als have typically become accustomed to working
c
~ 0.008
with short-term properties. The heat deflection
temperature (HOT) and Vicat softening test, both
Io.'06 described by ASTM 0-648, represent the only sys-
0.'04 tematic attempts in standardized testing to charac-
0.002
terize elevated temperature performance in plastic
materials. While these tests describe particular
50 100 150 200
responses to temperature under very specific sets of
Temperature (OC)
conditions, these single points are often used in the
Figure 15. Comparison of tan delta properties for PES material selection process as maximum continuous
and PEl from -50 to 160°C. The higher ten- use temperatures. The HOT test is essentially
dency for viscous flow is part of the reason for designed to evaluate the temperature at which a
the superior impact resistance of PES. specific deformation occurs in a 3-point bending
mode under a specific load. The load may either be
In some polymers, a low-temperature transition is 0.455 MPa (66 psi) or 1.82 MPa (264 psi). The
due to the glass transition of a rubbery impact sample and appropriate fixturing are immersed in
modifier. Figure 16 shows this phenomenon for a an oil bath that serves as the heat transfer mecha-
toughened acrylic. The loss modulus peak at nism and the temperature of the fluid is raised at a
108.6°C is attributable to the acrylic while the constant rate of 2°C/minute. Since the HOT defines
broader transition that crests at -7.7°C is caused by a temperature at which a given sample geometry
the impact modifier. Similarly, ABS materials will exhibits a specific deformation, the test essentially
display a high temperature glass transition for the measures the temperature at which a material

Properties Measured By DMA © Plastic Design Library

 15

achieves a certain modulus. Takemori (1) has calcu- cause the sample to warp as it is heated. This
lated the modulus values to be 800 MPa (116,000 warpage can be interpreted by the HOT test as
psi) for the applied load of 1.82 MPa and 200 MPa deflection and this will produce a lower value.
(29,000 psi) for the applied load of 0.455 MPa. The Third, the HOT often occurs in a region where the
new ISO 75 standard defines three stress levels for storage modulus is dropping by as much as 100
measuring the heat deflection temperature. Method MParc. This rapid change, combined with differ-
A corresponds to the high-load conditions for ences in the heat transfer mechanism between the
ASTM 0-648 while Method B uses the low-load oil bath of the HOT test and the air gap of a OMA
conditions. Method C employs an applied load of 8 instrument can lead to discrepancies. Fourth, the
MPa (1160 psi). Under these conditions, the modu- flexural modulus measured by the HOT test is the
lus-at-temperature is 3520 MPa (510,000 psi). This complex modulus while the OMA measures the
will significantly lower the measured HOT of filled elastic modulus. In amorphous materials, where the
semi-crystalline materials that fall below this mod- loss modulus contributes significantly to the com-
ulus value either during the glass transition or in the plex modulus near T g' the complex modulus will be
early stages of the crystalline plateau. The Vicat considerably higher than the storage modulus and
softening point is determined by applying a speci- an allowance must be made for this discrepancy in
fied pressure on a needle with a standardized surface correlating the HOT to the precise modulus calcu-
area until a certain penetration is achieved. This test lated by Takemori. Finally, as we will see in section
is used most often with amorphous materials where 4.3, the storage modulus is dependent upon the fre-
there is no well defined melting point and the soft- quency at which the measurement is made. This
ening process is relatively gradual. frequency-dependent behavior is most noticeable
in the glass transition region. The use of an oscilla-
Since the HOT test is a measurement of modulus at tory stress by OMA as opposed to a static load
temperature, it should be possible to determine the in the conventional HOT test can lead to some
HOT by locating the specific modulus values of discrepancies.
800 and 200 MPa on the storage modulus plot. For
several reasons this technique does not always pro- Figure 17 shows test results for a flame-retardant
duce precise agreement with Takemori's modulus. alloy of polycarbonate/ABS. The property chart
First, there may be differences in part geometry, values of 100°C for the HOT at 66 psi and 95°C for
most notably in wall thickness, between the sam- the HOT at 264 psi are shown on the storage mod-
ples used for OMA testing and the samples used by ulus curve. However, Bayblend FRIIO reaches a
the material supplier for HOT testing. Second, modulus of 800 MPa at 108°C and a modulus of
sample preparation methods have a significant 200 MPa at 113°C. While this represents an error of
effect on the HOT result (2). An injection molded 13°C for this material, the relationship between the
specimen may contain molded-in stresses that deflection temperatures and the structural changes
associated with T g are unmistakable.
,..------------------r400

110.2·C
329.4 MPa
-60.89·C
3.002GPa A general appreciation of the structural changes
2.0
~83GP8
23.00·C
300 associated with the HOT are apparent from an

t:~
ill
2
--- 95.00·C
1.810 GPa
~c
1.5

200
t:~
W
examination of different OMA plots. Since the
modulus of an amorphous material declines by
over 99% as it passes through the glass transition,
I!

T I I
1.0
T it is reasonable to expect that the temperatures at

~
1.582 GPa
.!. .!.
100 which the material achieves moduli of 800 and 200
0.5
MPa would be close together. Figure 17 confirms
this and shows that the HOT of an amorphous
0.0
material typically occurs in the middle of the
·100 -50 50 100 150 decline in the storage modulus or on the high-mod-
Temperature (GC)
ulus part of the curve just prior to the decline.
Figure 17. Storage and loss properties for a flame-retardant
ABS/polycarbonate blend. The HDT values are
shown on the storage modulus plot.

© Plastic Design Library Properties Measured By DMA

 16

2110
with the glass transition temperature and not the
3.0
softening point. To the user of short-term data, this
200 will appear to be a substantial downgrading of the
2.'
0.115
material properties. However, the DMA plot pro-
'i 2.0
G
;; .110
'i vides insight into the reasons for the apparent shift.
~ c ~
c :.,
ill
~ 0.10
1.. The Vicat softening temperature involves an actual
I T
1 .00
I penetration of the material as opposed to the
1.0
deflection of a solid beam. The softening point,
0.011
17!1.0·C
O.o444e &P. 110 therefore, will be higher than the HDT. In an amor-
D••
phous material, the HDT values will typically be
0.0
15-20o e below the Vicat softening point. Figure 21
0 eo 100 t
Temperature (OC) shows a DMA plot for an unfilled polycarbonate
with both HDT values and the Vicat softening point
Figure 18. Storage and loss modulus plot for unfilled annotated on the storage modulus curve. Placing
nylon 6 showing the two HDT values in rela-
HDT values on a DMA curve shows that by the
tion to T g and the melting point.
time a plastic material reaches its HDT, it has
already lost 70-90% of its room-temperature mod-
If we examine the tabular data for HDT in an ulus or is within a few degrees of doing so. This
unfilled semi-crystalline system, however, we find understanding during the material selection process
a great difference between the values measured at will enable the engineer to select the appropriate
0.455 MPa and 1.82 MPa. In nylon 6, for example, material for an application with greater care and
the HDT at 0.455 MPa is 175°e while the value at precision.
1.82 MPa is only 65°C. Figure 18 clearly shows the
mechanism behind this phenomenon. As the mate- PC - 20% Glass Filled

rial enters the glass transition region, the modulus

drops rapidly from 2.8 GPa (406,000 psi) to 0.56
GPa (81,200 psi) between 40-90oe. The loss mod-
E'
ulus peak puts the Tg at 65°C. In this transition (GP-ol) 3

region, therefore, the modulus of the nylon 6 has

passed through one HDT modulus threshold, but PC -lJnfilled
the crystalline structure of the material prevents it
from falling through the second one. This second
threshold is not reached until the material
approaches the melting point. Therefore, in unfilled
semi-crystalline systems, the low-load HDT is
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
associated with the early stages of the crystal melt-
ing process while the high-load HDT is related to Figure 19. Storage modulus versus temperature behavior
the glass transition. If we add a filler to an amor- showing the effect of filler content on the
phous system, we do not appreciably change the softening point for polycarbonate.
threshold temperatures as can be seen in Figure 19.
However, in a semi-crystalline system, the high-
load HDT increases significantly and becomes
almost equivalent to the low-load HDT simply 3.4 The Effect of Fillers
because the material is now rigid enough to remain
above the 800 MPa threshold until the material is In the discussion of HDT we have already alluded
near the melting point. This is illustrated in Figure to the effect that fillers and reinforcements have on
20. Figure 20a shows the effect that the new ISO 75 the viscoelastic characteristics of plastic materials.
Method e will have on materials like the 14% Fillers and reinforcements are typically inorganic
glass-reinforced nylon 6. By raising the stress level materials such as talc or glass fiber with softening
on the sample, the critical modulus value is points well above the temperature at which organic
increased to the point where it will now coincide polymers degrade. Even systems like carbon fiber

Properties Measured By DMA © Plastic Design Library

 17

s-.----------------------, or calcium carbonate which are based either

entirely or in part on carbon, have extremely high
thermal resistance. Most fillers and reinforce-
ments, therefore, respond as purely elastic sys-
E' I
tems while the polymer and the filler/polymer
(GPa) interface are viscoelastic.

It is well documented that adding a filler or a rein-

forcement to a polymer increases the modulus of
the system. However, DMA scans of unfilled mate-
Nylon e - Untilled
rials and their filled counterparts show that the
increase in room temperature properties is only a
so small part of the improvement. Figure 22 shows
Tempualul't' (C)
storage modulus plots of unfilled nylon 6 and four
Figure 20. Storage modulus versus temperature behavior analogs that contain different amounts of filler and
showing the effect of filler content on the reinforcement. Fibrous glass acts as a true rein-
properties of nylon 6, forcement and provides a more efficient energy-
'-.-----------------------, transfer mechanism than a particulate mineral
filler. The elastic contribution can be seen in the
reduced effect that the glass transition has on the
reduction in elastic modulus. Table 4 gives some
c
key properties for the five materials.

Steady improvements result from increased use of

glass fiber. However, substitution of mineral for
glass fiber in the highly filled system produces a
material with lower performance than the 14%
glass-filled material when it is evaluated in terms
of modulus retention above the glass transition.
Nylon 6 - Unfilled
Note that the T g does not change significantly with
so filler content. Note also that all of the filled materi-
als, when evaluated by HDT, appear to be virtually
Figure 20a. Figure 20 showing the modulus levels for equivalent while the DMA results show a wide
the HDT measured by ISO 75 Methods A, array of load-bearing capabilities. The changes
B, and C.
observed above can be seen in the viscous proper-
3.0

IZ

2.e"'--- 44% Glass

'0

2.0

E'
(GPo)

I 1.0

~.5

~.O

eo 80 1 1110
Temperature (OC) so 100 ISO

Temperature (C)

Figure 21. Storage modulus versus temperature for an Figure 22. Effect of filler type and level on the storage
unfilled polycarbonate showing the two HDT modulus properties of nylon 6.
values and the Vicat softening point.

© Plastic Design Library Properties Measured By DMA

 18

0.08,------------- _
Table 4
SHORT GLASS
0.07

/~~
Combined HDT & DMA Data For Nylon 6
0.06

HDT@

-----
Filler Type Tg Pre- Post- % 0.05

& Amt. 1.82 (0C) TgE' TgE' Decline

MPa(°C) (GPa) (GPa)
I
0.04

/ / ", ""
0.03
/ '---------
None
14% Glass
33% Glass
65
200
210
65 2.81 0.56
69 4.46 1.98
70 7.87 3.99
80.1
55.6
49.3
0.02

0.01
---_ ....
LONG GLASS
/

44% Glass 210 71 10.04 5.13 48.9

40% Glass/ 206 69 6.44 2.69 58.2 0.00 2O±---....,,40:--~--::!IlO:--~......,.BOc---r----:r:----.140
Temperature ("C)
Mineral
Figure 24. Effect of fiber length and coupling technology
on the tan delta properties of a short glass and
ties as well as the elastic ones. Figure 23 shows the
long glass PBT polyester. The long glass sys-
tan delta curves for the five nylon compounds in tem has higher elastic properties using the
Table 4. As the modulus decline associated with Tg same amount of reinforcement.
decreases, the peak height of the tan delta curves is
also reduced. the chemistries for establishing the polymer/filler
interface may vary in quality. Comparisons of this
Polymer-filler systems with the same amount and kind permit an evaluation of competitive materials
type of filler can be compared in this manner. that may appear to be equivalent based on short-
Figure 24 shows tan delta plots for two PBT poly- term property evaluations.
esters reinforced with 30% glass fiber. One material
uses conventional short fiber compounded with the 3.5 Polymer Blends
polymer in an extruder while the other material
makes use of long glass fibers that are coated indi- Polymer blends have become important to many
vidually with resin to improve the integrity of the industries, particularly where a combination of a
fiber/polymer interface. The lower tan delta values semi-crystalline and an amorphous component has
throughout the scan, and in particular the lower produced a property synergism. Polyester/polycar-
peak height associated with the glass transition, bonate alloys are a good example. The amorphous
reflects theimproved load-bearing properties of the polycarbonate provides good impact resistance
long glass system. Fillers and reinforcements and while the polyester contributes good chemical
0.20,--------- --, resistance. While some synergy results from blend-
ing, some trade-offs also occur. These are made
L1nfilled apparent through the use of DMA.
0.15

Three types of polymer blends are recognized. The

first is a miscible blend, a compound where the
0.10
two individual polymers combine to form a homo-
geneous mixture and the individual phases are
I indistinguishable. This is considered ideal for
enhancement of impact properties, but often
o.os
involves a sacrifice in heat resistance. A well-
known example of a miscible blend is PPO/HIPS,
commercially known as Noryl produced by
O.OO±20-~--:40r--~--::>:80:--~--:IlO:r:-------,l.---~~-~-140.--~---J160
Temperature (OC)
General Electric. Figure 25 shows loss modulus
plots for four grades of Noryl that incorporate dif-
Figure 23. Effect of filler type and level on the tan delta ferent amounts of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)
properties of nylon 6. Note the reduction in
peak heights as the elastic contributions of the and poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO). Pure PPO has
filler increase. a very high T g while pure HIPS has a much lower

Properties Measured By DMA © Plastic Design Library

 19

3!lO
T g' When they are blended a single Tg results. This
125,2'C
,\." .j, 148,1'C Tg increases as the PPO content increases. These
:
( ,\ 128.4'C /
/ \,/
\ materials are generally quite tough and are not
300
I /""'; ! \
I /' \'i / \ prone to phase separation under aggressive pro-
2IlO /. \\ !
'. I
\ I cessing conditions.
;f / /' \, \ / \
~
200 :
/ /
. \1/.~' \
\
W Polyester/polycarbonate blends are a good example
/ / /'\ \
//\\ \
I 1110 ../
/"/./"

-- / i
'\
\
'
of a semi-miscible blend. In these cases there is

..- /,/',L-:::..-------- \. \. \\
/'
/'
some affinity between the two polymer phases, but
~~~.
-;;>--- \\ \ a compatibilizer may be required to prevent phase
-'
100

\ \ separation and an additional impact modifier is often

!lO \. \, required to achieve the desired toughness. Figure 26
'-... ' .......;
O+--.---.---,-~~~ .............,.~__._~.,..._._,~__._~_,_~,__.__, shows the loss modulus plots for a pure PBT poly-
BO 10 eo 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 180 110 lBO
ester, a pure polycarbonate, and a blend of the two
Temperature (OC)
materials. The partial miscibility is indicated by the
Figure 25. Loss modulus versus temperature plots for shift of the glass transitions closer together. While
various blends of PPO and high impact poly-
these materials are very tough, they tend to sacrifice
styrene. The single Tg indicates a miscible
blend with Tg rising as PPO content increases. load-bearing characteristics because of the high loss
modulus properties over a broad temperature range
.152°C between the two glass transitions. Figure 27 shows
sao "
II
: I PC the storage modulus plot for an unfilled poly-
I I
l i

I
I
,
I
I
I
carbonatelPBT blend and a pure PBT. No well-
I I
400 I
I
I
I
I
I
defined plateau occurs in the modulus because of the
I I
I
I
I I
I
I
overlap in glass transitions. By the time the material
I I
I
I
I
I
I
has passed through the polycarbonate glass transi-
I I

I
I
I I
I
I
tion, the modulus is extremely low as evidenced by
I I

I
I
I I
I
I
the HDT of 116°C (240°F) at 66 psi. The presence of
I I
136'C
I
/
I I
I
I
the PBT prevents the material from melting until it
PClPBT I
reaches 225°C (437°F), but the modulus of the blend
'........... /1 \
100
above 130°C is lower than for the pure PBT.
----------
_______--------------::::7.:..._ \,""---'
a +-~__._~-_r__-__._~-...__-__._~___:_...__-_:T.:'-___::!
20 40 60 60 100 120 140 160 180
Immiscible blends incorporate two polymers that
Temperature (OC)
normally have no affinity with each other. To be
Figure 26. Loss modulus plots for PBT polyester, poly- commercially successful, materials of this type rely
carbonate, and a PBTfPC blend. Two phases heavily on chemical modifiers to promote adhesion
are detectable but the shift of Tg's toward one
between the phases and considerable levels of
another indicates a semi-miscible blend.
impact modifier to achieve even a modicum of
'.0
PBT toughness. Figure 28 shows both storage and loss
modulus plots for a nylon 6/6 and a commercial
2.6 alloy of nylon 6/6 and PPO. The lack of a shift in
the glass transition temperatures indicates that this
is an immiscible blend. While immiscible blends
are often seen as less valuable than miscible or
semi-miscible blends, they offer the advantage of a
I 1.0 distinct plateau modulus between the glass transi-
tion temperatures of the two polymers. The corre-
0.6
sponding decline in the loss modulus properties
between the two T g' s indicates that a material of
0.0
this type will have good load-bearing characteris-
-'00 ,so so '00 'SO 200 >SO
Temperature (OC) tics up to the point where the PPO goes through its
glass transition. The storage modulus of the blend
Figure 27. Storage modulus plot comparing an unfilled between T g'S is superior to that of the pure nylon
PBT with a PBTfPC blend.

© Plastic Design Library Properties Measured By DMA

20

6/6 and shows that the PPO acts almost as a poly- effect upon processing considerations as well as
meric reinforcement in the nylon. fitness-far-use determinations. Since all three
polyesters have different glass transition tempera-
Since the balance of properties achieved by a blend tures, DMA can assist in the identification process.
are influenced considerably by the miscibility of
~.5 300
the two phases, DMA characterization is particular-
ly important in predicting the utility of a blend for 4.0

particular applications. The relative strength of the 3.S

glass transitions can also help determine the rela-
3.0 200
tive concentration of the two polymers and quanti-
~ T g PA6/6 'i
fy the benefits of using the blend over a pure poly- e. 2.S !.
W iu
mer. For example, some blends incorporate a rela- 1!50

tively small amount of a high-cost polymer in a

blend with a lower-cost material. By assigning the
I 2.0

I.S 100
I
trade name of the high-priced material to the alloy, 1.0

the supplier can command a price for the new grade ------ PA6/6 !50
O.S
that is not in proportion with the presence of the
high-performance phase. DMA will distinguish 0.0
0 so 100 150 200 250 300
0

Temperature (OC)
between real and imagined benefits. In addition,
accurate identification of the glass transition tem-
peratures can help to identify particular polymers Figure 28. Storage and loss modulus plots of a nylon 6/6
and a blend of nylon 6/6 and PPO. The lack of
used in a blend. For example, many polyester/poly-
a shift in the Tg of the nylon and the well-
carbonate blends do not specify which type of defined modulus plateau between transitions
polyester is used. However, whether the polyester indicates an immiscible blend.
is a PBT, a PET, or a peT, will have a significant

Properties Measured By DMA © Plastic Design Library

 4 Time-Dependent Behavior

4.1 The Equivalency of Temperature

and Time 10.2

While the appendix of DMA data focuses on tem-

perature-dependent behavior, useful comparisons i
of time-dependent properties can be made by refer- ~ell
10.1

ring to the property versus temperature results. In ....0

section 2 we discussed the importance of the time
factor in evaluating the modulus of a viscoelastic I 10.0
material. Whether the evaluation is performed in
the constant stress mode where strain increases
with time, or the constant strain mode where stress
decreases with time, the measured modulus of a 9.9-1---0r--~-100
....0~~20..,.OO-~300..,....0--4,..,.OOOc:----5000.-----600""0-~700·0
....
Time (min)
viscoelastic system is dependent upon the time
scale over which the measurement is made. Figure 30. A semi-log plot of apparent modulus ys. time
for the loa-hour creep test shown in Figure 29.

Up to this point we have focused on measurements

of modulus as a function of temperature in a con-
stant time frame, that is at a constant frequency. 10.2

Frequency is the inverse of time and the two can be

related by the equation
10.1
i
t = _1_
2Itf ~
ell
....0 10.0
However, modern DMA instruments can also be
programmed to operate in a constant stress or con- I
stant strain mode at isothermal conditions, allow- 9.9

ing the measurement of modulus as a function of

time at constant temperature. Figure 29 shows a
9.8+----r--~......,...-_ ___,-~-..---_-_..__--_l
plot of a lOO-hour creep test (constant stress) with 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Log [Time (min) )
apparent modulus plotted as a function of time.
Because the change in apparent modulus is very Figure 31. A log-log plot of apparent modulus ys. time for
rapid in the early stages of the test and becomes the IOO-hour creep test shown in Figure 29.

UI.18 a1n
more protracted at longer time frames, it is conven-
16 18.7. GPa
tion that this relationship is shown in a semi-loga-
rithmic plot of apparent modulus versus time as in
14 Figure 30. An alternate method of data presentation
is to place both apparent modulus and time on a
logarithmic scale as in Figure 31.

I 10
If this is done for short-term measurements at multiple
temperatures, it is possible to observe graphically one of
3019. 112n
8.S14 BP.
the most powerful laws governing viscoelastic behavior,
1830 . •1 n - - - - - - -_ _........ the equivalency of time and temperature. Figure 32
8.B~ aPe e01!5. atn
8.103 llPe
shows a series of thirty-minute creep tests conducted on
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 a crosslinked vinyl ester between 101-136°C at SoC
nme(mln)
intervals. As expected, the initial or zero-time modulus
Figure 29. A linear plot of apparent modulus ys. time for declines as the temperature is increased.In addition, the
a IOO-hour creep test.
modulus at any given temperature decreases as the

© Plastic Design Library Time-Dependent Behavior

 22

10.2
We can look at this time-temperature relationship
in another way. Figure 33 shows the viscoelastic
properties of a glass fiber-reinforced poly(ether
10.0
ether ketone) (PEEK). The glass transition is readily
identified by the sharp decline in the storage modu-
9.8
111·C lus and the rapid rise of the loss modulus and tan
~ delta to a maximum. We can conduct a series of
2-
C>
thirty-minute creep tests on a sample of the same
...° 9.6
material and plot the apparent modulus as a func-
131.2"C ' . 121.1·C
tion of each temperature step on the same linear
'"
9.4 •• '" '"
.............. ' . •••• 126.2"C scale we used for the temperature scan. In Figure
136.3°C • • • • • • : : ::::::
34 we superimpose the apparent modulus from the
creep test on the storage modulus from the temper-
-3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 ·1.0
Log [TIme (hour) )
-0.5 0.0 0.5 ature scan. Since the x-axis is temperature in this
graph, the apparent modulus plots measured at each
Figure 32. Apparent modulus vs. time data for short-term temperature appear as vertical lines. Short vertical
creep tests conducted on a thermoset vinyl lines indicate low levels of time-dependent defor-
ester at multiple temperatures. The data is
plotted in log-log format. The equivalency 1 0 . , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . , - 600
between time and temperature is shown for a
thirty minute loading at III DC and a 0.12

temperature increase of I DoC. 28.71·C

S.300GPo
0.10
400
increasing strain is measured over the thirty-minute e

~ 0.08
"i
!.
period of each test. We can quantify the equivalen- ~

~ iu
cy of the relationship between time and tempera-
ture for this particular material over this specific
I I 0.06

200
I
0.04
temperature range using this data. For example, we
can see that the modulus declines in thirty minutes 0.02
at 111 DC by an amount that is equivalent to the
decline in the zero-time modulus if the temperature 01-±0--50,,---~loo:------:1"!:50----:12OOc:---2
50-~3oo,.,----3~50,........----:-4oo.-:-'­
....
Temperature (Oe)
is raised from 111 DC to 121 DC. We can also see that
this quantitative relationship changes due to the Figure 33. Storage and loss properties for a 30% glass
fiber-reinforced PEEK.
non-linear behavior of modulus with temperature.
It is apparent that during this experiment the mate-
1400
rial has undergone a significant change in proper-
ties. The apparent modulus plots at the lower test 1200
temperatures are clustered together, an indication
of relative stability. As the temperature is increased 1000

the zero-time modulus values begin to decline iii

0.
more rapidly. At the same time, the effect of time at !!. 800
w
any given temperature becomes more significant.
This shows graphically that there is a correspon-
dence between the effect of temperature and the
I 600

400
effect of time. Near the end of the test, the zero-
time values once again cluster together at a reduced 200

level and the time-dependent effects also become

less significant. If we were to examine a modulus- 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Temperature (OF)
temperature plot for this same temperature range
we would see that the material has undergone a sig- Figure 34. Apparent modulus data at multiple tempera-
tures superimposed over the storage modulus
nificant transition. The loss modulus and tan delta plot from Figure 33. The short-term time-
curves would show peaks typical of such a transition. dependent behavior parallels the temperature-
dependent properties.

Time-Dependent Behavior © Plastic Design Library

 23

mation while longer lines denote regions where

significant creep occurs. Note that in the tempera- 2.5

ture region below T g the storage modulus is very

",
stable with respect to temperature. In this same
region, the changes in apparent modulus at any
2.0
", ,
'\
given temperature are small and the decline in l 1.5 \
!2.
zero-time modulus at each successive temperature
is also small. As the material approaches the glass
transition, however, the changes in apparent modu-
W \
\
,,
lus become more substantial. Even before the zero-
time modulus values begin to decline appreciably,
0.5
,
\
\
the time-dependent behavior is already showing
signs of a relaxation that is occurring over an ever
0.0
ADS \
--
shorter time scale. Again there is an obvious corre- 20 40 60 80
Temperature (OC)
1 0 120 140 160 180

spondence between time-dependent behavior at

constant temperature and temperature dependent
behavior at constant time. Figure 35. Comparison of storage modulus properties of
ABS and polycarbonate. The more stable
modulus and higher Tg of the polycarbonate
In qualitative terms, the storage modulus-tempera- equate to superior time-dependent properties.
ture plot is a predictor of time-dependent behavior.
If a projection of time-dependent behavior is longer periods of time at lower temperatures.
sought, it can be estimated by selecting the appro- Consequently, there are two experimental options
priate temperature and then examining the behavior for observing the time-dependent behavior of a
of the storage modulus as the temperature is polymer. The conventional method involves directly
increased above that reference point. Thus, if a measuring the time-dependent response over longer
material is to be used at a temperature, and above time periods. This is obviously time-consuming
that temperature the modulus is very stable, then and in the current climate of rapid product devel-
time-dependent deformation will be small. opment and compression in the time-to-market
However, if a material is evaluated just below the cycle, long-term testing is considered undesirable.
glass transition, a large reduction in apparent mod- However, the increased use of plastic materials in
ulus can be expected in a short period of time even critical engineering applications makes it unwise to
if the material is very rigid at the beginning of the forgo the characterization of long-term behavior.
evaluation. Consequently, it is possible to make The second option involves running the short-term
qualitative comparisons of creep resistance or experiment, whether it be constant stress (creep) or
stress decay between materials by examining the constant strain (stress decay), at progressively higher
storage modulus-temperature curve. As a simple temperatures. The higher temperature data sets are
example, Figure 35 shows a modulus plot for two then shifted to the right (to longer times) until they
amorphous materials, ABS and polycarbonate. For fall on the same line with the reference temperature.
any temperature we wish to select, the lower T g of The resulting plot represents a prediction of time-
the ABS and the tendency for the modulus of the dependent behavior called a master curve. This
ABS to fall off more rapidly with temperature analysis is carried out on data plotted as apparent
allows us to conclude that polycarbonate will have modulus versus time on a logarithmic scale.
superior creep resistance in spite of the higher
modulus of the ABS at room temperature. Figure 36a shows raw data from a creep experi-
ment for the crosslinked vinyl ester shown previ-
4.2 Creep and Stress Relaxation ously in Figure 32. Temperatures between 101 and
136°C at 5°C increments were used and each step in
These qualitative determinations can be made the experiment took thirty minutes. A fifteen
quantitative by using a technique known as time- minute relaxation period was incorporated at the
temperature superpositioning. This tool capitalizes end of each stress period and an additional fifteen
on the principle that in viscoelastic materials a minutes was allocated between steps to allow the
relaxation process that occurs rapidly at elevated sample to equilibrate at each temperature step.
temperatures will occur to the same degree over Thus the entire test took ten hours to conduct.

© Plastic Design Library Time-Dependent Behavior

 24

10.2
Figure 36b shows the master curve in its early Reference Temperature-1 OO.O"C

stages of construction. At this point the first three

temperature steps above the reference curve of 10.0
0.002781 hour
100°C have been moved into position so that they 1.211E+10 Pa

fall on the same line. As additional temperature

1.6
steps are shifted, the curve is extended to increas-
10.00 hour
ingly longer times. Figure 36c shows the completed 5.824E+9 Pa
100.0 hour
master curve extending to over 100,000 hours. ~ 1.6
3.812E+9 Pa

10000. hour
Whenever accelerated testing of this type is con- 1000. hour
2.398E+9 Pa
I .•
ducted, it is natural to inquire about the agreement 2.811E+9 Pa

of such results with actual long-term testing. Figure 10‫סס‬oo. hour

2.189E+9 Pa
37 shows a comparison of the first 125 hours of the 1.2_-+.:-----r-----:r-----:2:r--~--r.-------:I
master curve for a crosslinked polyurethane devel- Log (Time (hour) J

oped at room temperature with three conventional

creep tests conducted on the same material using Figure 36c. Completed master curve for a reference tem-
perature of IOO°e.
astandard tensile testing machine. The plot is
placed on a linear scale in order to maximize the
visual appearance of discrepancies. Even with this
10.2....-------------------------,
treatment, the DMA master curve shows excellent
agreement with classical creep test results. The dif-
: :: ::: : : : : : : : ;
.... :~.~9:C.. ference between the master curve and creep test #3
....... . :: .. :::: ::::::
10.0
".
". (E-3) is smaller than the random variation that
exists between the triplicate creep tests.
1.6
~
.
~
0
-' 1.6 '.
Figure 38a shows the raw data for a stress relaxation
test conducted on a polycarbonate. Figure 38b
shows the completed master curve for a reference
.. ~.. .. . .... . .
'"
'" . . .. . . . . . ....
temperature of 135°C. Any test temperature can be
I .•
......... : :::::::::: used as a reference temperature for constructing a
136.3'C
master curve. However, the extent of the projection
I. 2:+::----r-~."_-__r-~__._-___,,..__-_._-___,r__-_._---l will be limited by the number of tests run at tem-
-3.6 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.1l 0.0 0.5
Log (Time (hour) J
peratures higher than the reference temperature. In
Figure 36a. Raw apparent modulus data shown in
Figure 32.
750
10.2

700

10.0
..
~
650

9.8 .,
~
600
~
3
1l
.
~
.3 9.8
~
e

i
0.
550
0(

500
'"
9.. '" ~. '. , .. :::::....... '"
........ :: ::--
450
0 25 50 75 100 125
Time (hours)
1.2_-+3- - - - - 2 . . , - - - - - _ 1 : " " 1 - - - - - , . 0 - - - - . . - - - - - " " ' 2
log [Time (Hour) ) Figure 37. Comparison of first 125 hours of master curve
prediction for a rigid thermoset polyurethane
Figure 36b. Master curve in process for a reference tem- with three real-time l25-hour creep tests. Data
perature of IOO°e. is shown on linear scales.

Time-Dependent Behavior © Plastic Design Library

 25

order of magnitude greater than the end point of the

9.5 •• 111::=._.....
'34.7·C
individual steps. Nevertheless, experimentalists

:::: :: : ~ : .: =: : : .: : : : : : : : : : "".,
have demonstrated that excellent agreement
9.0 between accelerated tests and long-term relaxation
experiments is possible out to thousands of hours
using individual steps of 20-60 minutes. Finally,
~ 8.5 ". . . . . . . . ' 139.8°C
much of the literature on this subject claims that the

-
!!!. 15?:C ••••,... •••••••••••• '.
...'"
0 .. .... ..-.. . . ~
time-temperature superpositioning technique is
152.6°C '" ........ ~ ••••••
8.0
157.7°C
....... ~
' •••••••_ ••••• ••• ••• ~
.•••••••••••,
~.. ••••• ...~
only useful in amorphous systems and does not
apply to semi-crystalline or multiphase systems.
7.5 ::: :::::~~~~~~~~~@~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 155.1°C Once again, however, experi-ments have shown
that these techniques work extremely well for these
162.8°C ..... ~.~::::::::•••••• 160.2°C
....... more complex systems.
7·~·3~.5--.3..,..0-~.2..,..5--.2.,...0-~·1:T:.5--.1 .....0--.0.....5 - - 0..... 5 -1
0--0.r-
Log [Time (hour) )
In spite of the power and success of the master
Figure 38a. Raw apparent modulus data from a stress curve in predicting long-term time-dependent
relaxation test on polycarbonate.
behavior, some precautions are necessary. Some of
these considerations, such as corrections for chang-
Reference Temperature-13S.0°C ing temperature and density, result in minor
1.11
changes in actual test results. These can be
0.002591 hour
1.000 hour
accounted for by incorporating into the analysis
3.107E+9 Pa
1.0
9.731E+B Pa
software material-specific data produced by other
thermal analysis methods. Of much greater impor-
tance is the effect that irreversible structural
l '.11
changes can have on the accuracy of master curves.
!!!.
...'"
0 10.00 hour
1.720E+8 Pa
Events such as solid-state crystallization, post-
100.0 hour
'.0 7.142E+7 Pa curing, oxidative degradation, stress relief, or the
melting of imperfect crystals can occur within the
7.11 1000. hour
4.483E+7 Pa
time frame of the short-term tests at elevated tem-
10000. hour
peratures. However, these same events may never
3.023E+7 Pa
7.0
-. -2 0
Log [Time (hour) J
•
occur at the reference temperature. Incorporating
the results of these structural changes into the
long-term predictions can introduce serious error
into the test results and accounts for poor results.
Figure 38b. Stress relaxation master curve for polycar- These errors will be far more serious than subtle
bonate in Figure 38a using a reference tem-
perature of 135°C. theoretical considerations based on correction
factors and model selection.

this case, twelve temperature steps compnsmg a 4.3 The Relationship of Time To
fifteen-hour test provide a projection that extends Frequency
to 30,000 hours.
As stated above, frequency and time are inversely
Some useful models have been developed govern- related. Since viscoelastic responses are time-
ing the mathematical description of the shift factors dependent they will also be frequency-dependent.
used to develop the master curves. These are valu- Multiple-frequency experiments, often referred to
able to the research scientist in developing theories as frequency sweeps, are capable of generating data
of polymer structure, however the application of similar to that obtained through short-term creep
these various models to the shift factors for any experiments. In addition, multiple frequency exper-
given experiment has little effect on the actual iments provide information on loss properties
results. In addition, theoreticians have shown that while creep experiments only supply data on the
this technique is not quantitatively precise when load-bearing component. Figures 39 and 40 show
the end point of the master curve is more than an loss modulus versus temperature plots in the glass

© Plastic Design Library Time-Dependent Behavior

 26

700
Thus, the polypropylene is much more sensitive
650 than the nylon to the effects of the time scale of the
measurement.
600 0.05Hz

550 It is important to remember that the glass transition

l is a region where loss properties increase and stor-
~
W !lOO
age properties decrease. The T g can be thought of
I ~!lQ
5Hz
as the temperature at which the elastic modulus is
declining at the maximum rate. Therefore, an
«Xl
FREQ.: O.O~ 0.1. 0.2. O.~ 1.0. 2.0, 5.0 Hz increase in the T g represents a retardation of vis-
3!10 cous flow. We would expect, therefore, that the
storage modulus of a polymer would increase as
300
the frequency of the measurement increases since a
20 ~o 50 60 70 60 90 100
Temperature (Ge) higher frequency equates to a shorter measurement
time frame. Figure 41 shows a multiple frequency
Figure 39. Loss modulus measurements at multiple sweep between 0.02-2.0 Hz for the storage modu-
frequencies for the glass transition region of a
50% long glass fiber-reinforced nylon 6. The lus of a polycarbonate. The temperature range is
T g shifts to slightly higher temperatures as the 97-175°e. As expected, the storage modulus
frequency increases. increases with increasing frequency. Below the
glass transition, the effects are small. At 97°C the
3lIO 0.05Hz
modulus only increases by 6% across the frequen-
cy range used in the experiment. Above the glass
36D
O.1Hz
transition,the storage modulus also appears to be
340 affected very little by frequency. However, in the
l 320
0.2Hz glass transition region, the effect of the measure-
~ ment frequency is pronounced. The time scale of
w
300 0.5Hz the measurement has a profound effect on how the
I 280 1Hz
transition is perceived. The shift to higher apparent
stiffness with increasing frequency correlates to the
260
2Hz increase in T g that is measured by the loss modu-
2«>

2211

50
--
"" 60 65 70 75
Temperature (Ge)
so
-- 1IO 95
,
30U
lus. Figure 42 shows the same phenomenon for
another grade of polycarbonate evaluated between
125-165°C. The smaller temperature range pro-
2.5
96.B!5-C
Figure 40. Loss modulus measurements at multiple .: 2041 ep.
~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~2
frequencies for a 40% long glass fiber- 2.0
97.04 °C
reinforced polypropylene. 2.116 GPa

transition region for a 50% glass fiber-reinforced '1 1.5

nylon 6 and a 40% glass fiber-reinforced ~

w
polypropylene, respectively. In Figure 39, the glass
transition for the nylon 6 is well defined by the
peaks in the loss modulus curves. The curves were
0.5
generated at seven frequencies covering two orders
of magnitude between 0.05 and 5.0 Hz. As the fre-
0.0
quency is increased (time scale is decreased), the 0.02.0.~0.1.0.2.0.!l.1.0.2.0 Hz

glass transition temperature increases slightly from 9O±--=-~~~-:-:I:--~I30:r.:-~':-!c)::--~'50:r.:-~I::!'60::--'-----Cl7r-O

--;;\0

45-53°e. In Figure 40, the polypropylene glass Temperature (GC)

transition is barely perceptible as a maximum in the

Figure 41. Storage modulus measurements at multiple frequen-
loss modulus. Nevertheless, it can be seen that at cies for an unfilled polycarlxmate. Modulus increases
0.05 Hz the Tg is below the initial temperature of with frequency. Frequency-dependent behavior is
the test (55°C) while at 5 Hz the peak is near 80°e. most pronounced in the glass transition region.

Time-Dependent Behavior © Plastic Design Library

 27

2.0 e.""
REFERENCE TEMPERATURE: 40°C

0.02. 0.09. 0.'. 0.2. O.~. 1,0. 2.0 Hz •• 110

l2S.2°C
1.468 GPa 12.38 sec.
L~
8.71

8.78

~ ~
~ LO ~ 8.7.
OJ go
....

I o.~ l4S.0°C I •. 72

0.3178 GPa a.70

0.0
....
l4S.0°C
0.01449 GP8 e.66

'20 1<0 '50 180 170 -2 2 4 10

Temperature (OC) Log (l/Frequency (sec) I

Figure 42. Storage modulus measurements at multiple Figure 44. Loss modulus master curve vs. time for the
frequencies for a polycarbonate showing the material characterized in Figure 43. Time and
effects of Tg in greater detail. frequency are related inversely and this plot is
a mirror image of Figure 43. The time at peak
vides more detail. At 125°C the modulus increases is the relaxation time associated with the glass
by 5% across the two decades of frequency. transition when the material is at the reference
However, the curves begin to separate at 135°C. At temperature.
145°C, when the modulus measured at 0.02 Hz has
reached the rubbery plateau, the modulus at 2 Hz is a function of frequency and time (reciprocal fre-
over twenty times higher. At 2 Hz, the rubbery quency), respectively. These results are for a 30%
plateau is not attained until the test temperature carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6/6 at a reference
reaches 155°C. temperature of 40°C. Note that the two curves are
mirror images of each other. Figure 44 is of partic-
Loss modulus data can be superposed in the same ular interest since the time at the peak of the refer-
manner as the apparent modulus data from the ence curve represents the relaxation time associat-
creep and stress relaxation experiments. If we focus ed with the glass transition when the polymer is at
the analysis on the glass transition region we can 40°C. Lower reference temperatures will result in
develop a quantitative relationship between tem- longer relaxation times while higher reference
perature and relaxation time. Figures 43 and 44 temperatures will give shorter relaxation times.
show master curve plots of the loss modulus, E", as

5.85,--------------------
REFERENCE TEMPERATURE: 40°C

8.eo
0.08675 Hz

D 8.75
~

..
... 5.70

I B.el5
-2

e.'" 30 !lO so
Temperalure (Ge)
70 eo ah
-10 -e -tI -4 -2
Log (Frequency (Hz) I Figure 45. Plot of peak frequency vs. reference tempera-
ture for the material characterized in Figures
Figure 43. Loss modulus master curve vs. frequency for a 43 and 44. The data points describe a straight
30% carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6/6 at a line and the slope of the line is the activation
reference temperature of 40°C. energy of the glass transition.

© Plastic Design Library Time-Dependent Behavior

 28

40.0 impact resistant system at higher strain rates; the

SOO mm/min
f\ elastic properties are more dominant. At lower
32.0 strain rates the material is weaker, more flexible,
..
l1.
~
24.0
(\
."" SOmn min

1\ S~~min -~.~
and tougher; the loss properties become more
important. This shift in properties is related to the
l/l shift to a lower T g at lower frequencies (lower
l/l 16.0
w
a: strain rates) and a higher Tg at higher frequencies
I-
l/l (higher strain rates). In an impact test, higher
8.0
I
impact velocities will result in a more brittle failure
I mode while lower velocities will produce a more
0.0 I I ....... I
0.0 60.0 120.0 t 110.0 240.0 300.0 ductile break. Here again, the relationship between
STRAIN(%)
time and temperature is apparent. It is well known
Figure 46a. Tensile stress-strain curves for an unfilled that impact testing at lower temperatures is more
polypropylene copolymer tested at strain
likely to produce a brittle failure while tests con-
rates of 5, 50, and 500 mmlmin. Note the
increase in modulus and peak stress and the ducted at higher temperatures will result in a more
decrease in ultimate elongation as strain rate ductile failure. Thus, reducing the test temperature
increases. has the same effect as increasing the strain rate
(decreasing the time scale) of the experiment, while
Figure 45 shows a plot of the log of the peak fre- increasing the test temperature produces the same
quency of the glass transition versus reference result as reducing the strain rate (increasing the
temperature. This is equivalent to a classical time scale) of the test. Materials with higher acti-
Arrhenius plot of log of peak time versus recipro- vation energies, such as polycarbonate, will be less
cal temperature. The actual points describe a rate-sensitive.
straight line and the slope of the line is the activa-
40.0
tion energy of the glass transition.
500 mmlmin
~/ --<0-;-";,::: --
32.0
While this type of information may appear to have
its greatest use in the realms of research and devel- 'i
~ 24.0 / ~::=--- e--v ....s--;;;;;min

opment, there is practical significance as well.

Materials with low activation energies such as
l/l
l/l
w f/ 1/
II
16.0
a:
I-
polypropylene are very rate-sensitive; that is the l/l
8.0
viscoelastic balance is shifted significantly as a
function of the rate at which stress is applied. This
behavior is measurable in physical terms that are
0.0 II
0.0
I
!
l.O 6.0 9.0 u.o 15.0
%STRAIN(%)
easily understood at the engineering level. If a clas-
sical tensile stress-strain test is conducted on a rate-
sensitive material like polypropylene, the peak Figure 46b. Tensile stress-strain curves for an unfilled
polypropylene copolymer tested at strain
stress and the modulus increase as a function of rates of 5, 50, and 500 mmlmin. The curves
increasing strain rate. At the same time, the ulti- have been expanded to show the detail of the
mate elongation, a relative measure of toughness, yield section of the test.
decreases with increasing strain rate. Figure 46a
shows this behavior for the full scale of a series of 4.4 Using the Master Curve for
tensile tests. Figure 46b expands the plot to show Practical Problem Solving
the detail of the yield section of the test. In Figure
46a it can be seen that the yield stress increases Once a master curve has been constructed, it can
from 26 MPa (3770 psi) at 5 mm/minute to 36 MPa be converted to more readily usable terms. For a
at 500 mmlminute. And while the elongation at creep master curve, the apparent modulus versus
yield is virtually unaffected, the ultimate elongation time plot can be converted into a strain versus time
drops from 290% to less than 30%. The slope of the plot by selecting a specific stress. For a stress
stress-strain plot in the linear region also increases relaxation master curve, the apparent modulus ver-
with increasing strain rate. In engineering terms, the sus time plot can be changed to a stress versus time
material behaves as a stronger, stiffer, and less plot by selecting a specific strain. It is important

Time-Dependent Behavior © Plastic Design Library

 29

to note, however, that these predictive curves will 20000

/
begin to lose accuracy if the selected stresses and 18000 /
r- -- -- - - - - -
strains fall outside the linear elastic region. For this 16000 /1
reason, these predictions are best made in conjunc- 14000
/ I

tion with a stress-strain plot generated at the refer- ...

S:
12000 /
/
ence temperature. Even for very rigid systems
where the stress-strain plot is essentially linear up
.
e
10000 /
;;; 8000 /
to the point of failure, ignoring the practical elon- 6000 ~
gation limits of a material can lead to nonsensical b
4000
results. As a simple example, refer back to the
2000
crosslinked vinyl ester in Figure 36c. The master
0
curve shows a reduction in the apparent modulus of '" on
N
0
80% over a 10,000 hour period. Let us assume that Strain (0/0)
the stress-strain behavior of the material is com-
pletely linear to the point of failure and that ulti- Figure 47b. A stress-strain curve for a 43% glass-rein-
forced nylon 6/6 generated at 50°C. The
mate elongation is 2.5%. An 80% reduction in maximum strain is transposed to the modu-
apparent modulus corresponds to a five-fold lus line in order to simulate the linear behav-
increase in the total strain. Since the material can ior characterized by the creep master curve.
only tolerate an ultimate elongation of 2.5%, the
initial elongation cannot exceed 0.5%. Stresses that improved by transposing points in the plastic defor-
produce an initial elongation greater than 0.5% will mation region of the stress-strain curve to an exten-
result in creep rupture prior to 10,000 hours. It will sion of the tangent modulus line and treating the
be possible to estimate the time to creep rupture yield point in the curve as the point of failure for the
from the master curve for initial strains exceeding material. Figure 47a and 47b provide an illustration
this limit. of this technique. Figure 47a shows a creep master
curve for a 43% glass-reinforced nylon 6/6 devel-
In cases where plastic deformation occurs before oped at 50°C. Figure 47b shows a stress-strain curve
yielding or failure, stresses and strains that exceed for the same material created at the same tempera-
the proportional limit will cause actual creep or ture. The stress-strain curve identifies the ultimate
stress relaxation behavior to deviate from the per- strain at 3%, however a significant portion of the
formance predicted by the master curve. Under stress-strain curve departs from linear behavior. If
these circumstances, the master curve will under- the strain at failure is transposed to the modulus
predict the time-dependent strain in a creep exper- line, the actual strain limit that can be used in con-
iment and under-predict the rate of stress decay in junction with the master curve is only 1.3%. The
a stress relaxation experiment. Accuracy can be maximum initial strain can then be calculated for
any given time frame by taking the ratio of the creep
8 moduli at time t l and time to and multiplying it by
the transposed strain limit. For example, at 10,000
5.95
hours the apparent modulus has declined from the
5.9
initial value of 999,900 psi to 533,600 psi. If the
=: final strain at 10,000 hours cannot exceed 1.3%,
iii
!!:. 5.85 then the initial strain cannot exceed 0.69%. The
re
~
maximum allowable strain can then be taken directly
8' 5.8
from the stress-strain curve as the point at which the
...J

5.75
material strain is 0.69%. This would be just below
8000 psi. Further improvements can be made in
5.7 accuracy by developing stress-strain properties at
478.5 kpsi three different strain rates that are two orders of
5.65 +---+---f------i,......--+---+---+----i magnitude apart as shown in Figure 46a. This
·2 ·1 o 1 2 3 4 5
Log [Time(hrs)) permits the inclusion of a time function into the
Figure 47a. A creep master curve for a 43% glass-rein- evaluation of the proportional limit, peak stress,
forced nylon 6/6 generated at 50°C. and elongation at yield/failure.

© Plastic Design Library Time-Dependent Behavior

 5 The Effects of Processing and Environment

L8
Because dynamic mechanical analysis is such a
MELT: 170°C
sensitive structural probe, changes in properties 1.D MOLD TEMP.: 70°C
brought about by processing and environmental
1..
exposure are readily observed. Most test specimens
are injection molded, and orientation of the polymer 1.2

flow front is an unavoidable consequence of the 'i

!:!. 1.0
W
rapid flow of polymer into the mold cavity. If the
material is cooled rapidly to freeze in this orienta-
tion, the increased stiffness of the resulting structure
I 0.8

D,D

is measurable in the storage modulus. If the mold is 0.'

cold, this frozen-in layer is thicker and contributes
0,2
even more significantly to the bulk properties of the
molded part. Figure 48 shows the effect of melt 0.0
20 60 80 100 120 160
temperature on the properties of a polypropylene Temperature (Oe)

copolymer. The material has a melting point of

165°C. Molding the material just above the melting Figure 49. Effects of melt temperature on the storage
modulus properties of an unfilled polypropy-
point produces a relatively rigid system. If the mate- lene run in a hot mold. Note that the modulus
rial is heated to 205°e, then the material takes of the cold melt samples is reduced signifi-
longer to cool from the melt and the frozen-in ori- cantly in the hotter mold while the high melt
entation has time to relax. This produces a more product is unchanged.
flexible product. If the same molding is conducted 3.0
with a mold temperature of 700 e instead of 30o e, as
in Figure 49, the differences are still apparent but 2.5

much less significant. The properties of the part WITH FLOW

molded with a melt temperature of 205°e are virtu- 2,0

ally unchanged while the part molded with a melt

'i
temperature of 1700 e is significantly influenced by !:!.
W
1,~

the slower cooling rate associated with the higher

mold temperature. I 1.0
- ...................
" ,
1.8
170°C MELT
O,~
""",
--- --------- ---
TRANSVERSE FLOW
1.8
MOLD TEMP.: 30°C 0.0

1."
-',, 20 40 60 110 100 120
Temperature (Oe)
1"0 180 200

'i 1,2
"" Figure 50. The effects of fiber orientation on the storage
!:!.
W ""
1,0
"" modulus properties of a 30% glass fiber-rein-
I 0,8 205°C MELT " ,"
,,
forced polyurethane.

0,8 .....
Orientation of fillers, and particularly fibrous rein-
" ............... _- forcements, has a substantial effect on the storage
D."
-- -- --
0,2

20 80 100 120
----.
1040 160
modulus. Figure 50 shows a modulus plot for sam-
ples cut in the direction of flow and transverse to
Temperature (Oe) the direction of flow for a 30% glass fiber-rein-
forced polyurethane. The loss of fiber orientation
Figure 48. Effects of melt temperature on the storage reduces the room temperature modulus by 60% and
modulus properties of an unfilled polypropy-
lene run in a cool mold.
the properties do not converge until the material is
near the melting point.

© Plastic Design Library The Effects of Processing and Environment

32

Some semi-crystalline materials have backbone 0 . .0

structures that require longer times in order to
develop the full potential of the crystalline matrix. 0.311

This additional time is provided by slowing the rate 0.30

of cooling in the polymer, an adjustment achieved

0.25
by raising the temperature of the mold into which
the polymer is injected. Failure to use the correct
mold temperature results in a system that is under-
(.20
- 0.. 15
crystallized. Reductions in storage modulus and the
"--....
~
glass transition temperature are typical conse-
quences. In addition, the degree of decline in the
0.10

0.0!!
-- ....
---..:::- "::--",
---"::::'_,::
storage modulus as the material passes through the
glass transition will be exaggerated. In extreme o.oo~:;;;;;;;;;;;~;;;~::;::::=---r:---:-r-----;-,.----::!
~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ ~ ~
Temperature (OC)
cases modulus increases above T g give evidence of
solid-state crystallization as the polymer attempts Figure 52. Tan delta properties for the samples from
Figure 50. The reduced crystallinity results in
to achieve the crystallinity that was supposed to a higher potential for viscous flow as the
have been established during the molding process. material passes through T g'
Figure 51 shows a storage modulus plot for
12.,.----------------------.-0.1<
poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) samples molded at
five different mold temperatures. The most signifi- /\ ---.-- AS MOLDED ~O.12
cant problems are apparent in the material molded at 10
!\ - HEAT CYCLED
I \
the lowest mold temperature. Room-temperature
modulus is 35% below normal, T g is reduced by 8
\, 0.10

20°C, and the modulus drops to 1 GPa (145,000 \\ 0.08

psi) at the end of the glass transition before under- \\ /

going residual crystallization. As the mold temper-
ature is increased, the room temperature properties
I " ..............._ ... -""..1'''~' 0.05

0.04
improve, but the modulus reductions associated
with Tg are still excessive and residual crystalliza- 0.02

tion is still apparent. At the highest mold tempera-

ture, the post-Tg modulus is optimized, a direct 0+0---:!50r----:-r:---""':'I50:r:---:::l':"0----:2:T.5Q:----::3C'-0-:--35±00.OO
100 20
result of achieving a high degree of crystallinity Temperature (OC)

Figure 53. Effects of short-term heat aging on the vis-

coelastic properties of 30% glass fiber-rein-
forced PEEK. The increased storage modulus
12
and decreased tan delta values indicate the
occurrence of secondary crystallization.
'0
during the molding process. Figure 52 shows the
tan delta properties associated with the five sam-
ples. The highest tan delta peak values and lowest
peak temperatures are associated with the lowest
degrees of crystallinity.

Prolonged heat aging can also produce changes in

crystal structure. Figure 53 shows a semi-crys-
°+0---25..------,50r---~75:----1.,..OO--~-~-:I!50r:-----:!I75
talline PEEK material in the as-molded state and
Temperature (QC) after a brief exposure to temperatures near the
HOT. Both the storage modulus and tan delta
Figure 51. Effect of mold temperature on the storage curves are shown. These illustrate that the material
modulus properties of a 40% glass fiber-rein-
forced PPS. The reduced modulus and lower is stiffer both above and below the Tg after aging.
glass transition temperature are the result of The tan delta peak temperatures do not change,
incomplete crystallization during molding. indicating that the Tg remains the same. However,

The Effects of Processing and Environment © Plastic Design Library

 33

the lower tan delta peak height confirms that the

N<.
material has undergone residual crystallization ! 500
due to the high temperature exposure. Similar phe-
nomena are detectable in almost all semi-crys- 400

talline systems. Post-curing of crosslinked ther-

moset polymers produces similar results. l 300 l
E. !.
iu tu
Absorption of solvents and plasticizers can also
produce structural changes detectable by DMA.
I 200
I
Figure 54 shows the effect of absorbed moisture on 100

the storage modulus of an unfilled nylon 6. As the

moisture content increases, the room temperature
modulus decreases. A plot of the loss modulus -100 ·50 50 100
Temperature (OC)
would show that the glass transition is being
reduced by the presence of the moisture, the water Figure 55. The effect of plasticizer loss on the storage
and loss properties of a flexible PVc. The rise
acting as a plasticizer for the nylon. Note, however,
in Tg results in the embrittlement of the com-
that the modulus above Tg is unchanged. This is an pound.
indication that the moisture is absorbed preferen-
tially by those regions of the nylon polymer that do
2.~
not crystallize. The modulus attributable to the crys-
AS MOLDED
talline portion of the polymer is unaffected by the
presence of the water. Figure 55 shows the storage 2.0

and loss modulus plots for a plasticized PVC in its

new state and after field exposure that had turned I.~ IN MEK 30 DAYS

the product brittle. The loss of plasticizer in the l OUT 30 DAYS

E.
iu "'-..
field material had increased the T g to the point
where the product was no longer flexible at room I
1.0
\
temperature and the product began to crack under
'" \"
......
0.'
the effect of applied stresses. '-" '-..........
. . . _-~::::-._.==-=
IN MEK 30 DAYS
Figure 56 shows the effects of the absorption of 0.0 OUT 24 HOURS

methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) on the storage modulus ~ ~ ~ ~ 100 1~ 1~ 1~ I~ 200 ~ 2~

TEMPERATURE (0e)
properties of a PBT polyester/polycarbonate alloy.
After immersion for thirty days the material loses
70% of its room-temperature modulus and has little Figure 56. Effects of immersion in methyl ethyl ketone
(MEK) on the storage properties of an unfilled
PBT/polycarbonate blend. Properties are par-
tially restored after a 3D-day drying out period.
2.5
O.l~%

usefulness as a load-bearing material. After drying

2.0 out, some of the properties are restored but
somedamage is still evident. Figure 57 shows the
tan delta plots for the three materials. The as-
molded material shows the two glass transitions, a
I 1.0 shoulder near 70°C for the PBT and a strong peak
near 150°C for the polycarbonate. Both transitions
are absent after the thirty days of immersion.
0.5
Upon drying out, the PBT glass transition once
again appears, however the polycar-bonate T g has
0 ~---r20~-.oo'---IIl"-~""IIl~~IO::-O~--::12l1r:----:IT..oo:--""---::!160:--'--:-:l1eO
0.0+ not returned. This allows us to conclude that while
Temperature ("e)
the PBT may have absorbed some of the MEK,
Figure 54. The effect of moisture content on the storage the effects were reversible. The polycarbonate,
modulus properties of an unfilled nylon 6. however, was chemically attacked by the MEK

© Plastic Design Library The Effects of Processing and Environment

 34

O.~.------------------------ and suffered permanent damage. The property

AS MOLDED
recovery was solely due to the drying out of the
0.«1
PBT phase. These are a few of the major changes
0.35 in structure brought about by processing and envi-
0.30
ronmental conditions that can be interpreted by
dynamic mechanical analysis.
0.2!l

IN MEK 30 DAYS , '""

IN MEK 30 DAYS OUT 30 DAYS .,.JY'
~ ;~.N::Y..;l'f.
0 .•0 ------r
OUT 24 HOURS
__-~~~
/.---""'-_........

----~/
0.05

0.00-1--_-..---.--.-,.--.--.---,.---,---.--....,---:-...---::1
o 20 '0 60 Be 100 • 0 ... '60 .60 200 220
Temperature (0C)

Figure 57. Effects of solvent immersion on tan delta

properties of PBT/polycarbonate blend. The
disappearance of the polycarbonate Tg
indicates that permanent damage was done
to this phase of the blend.

The Effects of Processing and Environment © Plastic Design Library

 6 Conclusions

Dynamic mechanical analysis is a powerful tool for References

probing the fundamental structure of polymeric
materials. At the same time, the technique produces l. M. Takemori, SPE ANTEC, 24, 216. (1978)
valuable practical information on the temperature- 2. J. Bozzelli & P. Tiffany, SPE ANTEC, 32, 120.
dependent and time-dependent properties that are so (1986)
essential to an informed material selection process. 3. W. J. Sichina, SPE ANTEC, 34, 1139. (1988)
With the development of structural analysis pro-
grams for plastic materials, the need for accurate
property profiles has become even greater. DMA
data contributes significantly to the information gap
that currently exists in the study of plastic materials.

© Plastic Design Library Conclusions

36

Graph 1: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Delrin 500 unfilled acetal homopolymer (POM).

Allpl1tude (P-p) -0.711 _

5 250

I 0.20
23.ooee
4
3.2118 . . i 200
I
i ......
III
Ii
0.15 a..

UI.oee
i
/'
GI
Q

c:
III
150 .
~
1&.1
UJ
111.1 MPa , I-
"'r
,'+-/ T I
I
I

/
,'\
\
1.......ee
0.1117
1 0.10
100 ..!.

~
1 1I.11ee ;I'
~'
'.'.'-._-----f------
0.0.011
/' 50

-100 o !SO SOO 1 200

T.~ ....tur. (ee)

Graph 2: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Delrin 577 20% glass fiber filled, UV stable acetal homopolymer (POM).

8-r-----------------------------~
AllPlltude (poop) -0.&0 _
300

,
1
23.00ee

\ II.~ . .
0.20
6
250
\
111.lee
\ 201.2 MPa .......
II

GI 0.15 'iii
~

\
C
c: 200 •
~.7!5-C II 1&.1
I-
S70.2 MPa
"'r

I 2
/
T
1 0.10
150 ..!.
I
I
I

o
~
............ ~---- ------'
//~,u.see
, 0.1035 100

+------r--~-__,-- __-,....-...,...-...,..-.......-__,r__-__-....__-...,...-......... 50
-100
DNA Y3.S8

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 37

Table 1: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Delrin 500 unfilled acetal homopolymer (POM). (tabular data for
Graph 1)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 4.768 245.8 0.05156 70.00 2.635 105.6 0.04009
-55.00 4.674 226.4 0.04845 60.00 2.816 109.5 0.03889
-50.00 4.554 209.7 0.04605 65.00 2.737 107.6 0.03931
-45.00 4.392 190.1 0.04329 70.00 2.635 105.6 0.04009
-40.00 4.227 173.4 0.04101 75.00 2.512 104.0 0.04142
-35.00 4.082 156.3 0.03829 80.00 2.369 102.7 0.04338
-30.00 3.957 141.7 0.03582 85.00 2.201 102.9 0.04676
-25.00 3.855 133.1 0.03454 90.00 2.010 104.2 0.05186
-20.00 3.781 129.9 0.03436 95.00 1.846 106.3 0.05762
-15.00 3.719 128.3 0.03450 100.00 1.698 109.1 0.06427
-10.00 3.659 128.2 0.03504 105.00 1.572 111.7 0.07104
-5.00 3.597 128.7 0.03577 110.00 1.456 114.0 0.07830
0.00 3.535 129.6 0.03668 115.00 1.347 115.1 0.08545
5.00 3.476 130.9 0.03765 120.00 1.249 114.9 0.09196
10.00 3.417 132.0 0.03863 125.00 1.155 113.0 0.09785
15.00 3.368 132.7 0.03939 130.00 1.061 109.3 0.1030
20.00 3.324 132.5 0.03988 135.00 0.9720 104.2 0.1072
25.00 3.276 131.7 0.04021 140.00 0.8773 96.68 0.1102
30.00 3.216 129.3 0.04020 145.00 0.7876 87.98 0.1117
35.00 3.144 125.8 0.04000 150.00 0.7054 78.76 0.1116
40.00 3.073 121.8 0.03964 155.00 0.6304 69.58 0.1104
45.00 3.000 118.0 0.03932 160.00 0.5608 61.58 0.1098
50.00 2.940 114.6 0.03899 165.00 0.4890 54.19 0.1108
55.00 2.881 112.0 0.03886 170.00 0.4129 47.75 0.1156
60.00 2.816 109.5 0.03889 175.00 0.3329 42.56 0.1279
65.00 2.737 107.6 0.03931 180.00 0.1723 33.71 0.1964

Table 2: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Delrin 577 20% glass fiber filled, UV stable acetal homopolymer
(POM). (tabular data for Graph 2)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
65.00 4.690 152.6 0.03253 50.00 4.990 159.0 0.03187
70.00 4.551 150.9 0.03316 55.00 4.903 156.6 0.03195
75.00 4.382 150.0 0.03424 60.00 4.806 154.6 0.03218
-60.00 7.082 293.6 0.04145 80.00 4.183 150.2 0.03590
-55.00 6.971 268.1 0.03846 85.00 3.951 152.7 0.03865
-50.00 6.834 246.9 0.03612 90.00 3.697 158.6 0.04290
-45.00 6.664 225.3 0.03381 95.00 3.456 166.8 0.04825
-40.00 6.493 204.8 0.03153 100.00 3.249 175.2 0.05394
-35.00 6.342 186.1 0.02934 105.00 3.068 183.9 0.05994
-30.00 6.213 172.1 0.02770 110.00 2.897 193.1 0.06665
-25.00 6.101 164.0 0.02688 115.00 2.735 200.6 0.07337
-20.00 6.001 162.0 0.02699 120.00 2.575 206.3 0.08011
-15.00 5.920 162.2 0.02740 125.00 2.418 208.9 0.08643
-10.00 5.856 164.1 0.02801 130.00 2.252 208.5 0.09260
-5.00 5.795 164.8 0.02845 135.00 2.086 204.3 0.09796
0.00 5.743 165.7 0.02886 140.00 1.918 196.9 0.1026
5.00 5.690 166.8 0.02932 145.00 1.753 187.0 0.1067
10.00 5.632 166.8 0.02961 150.00 1.589 175.2 0.1103
15.00 5.572 168.7 0.03027 155.00 1.426 163.3 0.1146
20.00 5.518 169.0 0.03062 160.00 1.261 151.5 0.1202
30.00 5.391 169.4 0.03142 165.00 1.083 140.6 0.1298
35.00 5.296 169.0 0.03191 170.00 0.9024 129.3 0.1433
40.00 5.185 165.6 0.03194 175.00 0.6939 115.6 0.1667
45.00 5.080 162.5 0.03199 180.00 0.3255 73.48 0.2263

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

38

Graph 3: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon M90 unfilled acetal copolymer (POM copolymer).

5 300
Allpl1tude (P-Pl -1.00 _
-80.71-0 I
I
4.824 Fa
I
4
,
\

\\
1<40.2·C
O.U!12
,r-+-....
J I

0.12 250

\, ,I
\\ ,/ 200
23.00-0 ...,III
Ii 3
0-
\\ 2.80B BPII ,/ ...
III
0.10
iii
0-
~
W
\\
\.
,I
a
c: .
~

"-.. III UJ
150

/
l-

r
'T

I 2 --~
14.U·C
131.8 NPa
.....
................
---- -+.......
104.7ee
102.1S NPa ....
o.oe

100
1
I
I

,/
", \. 0.06
\ I "
1
-"' "
"'''''--.~
__--f--___'"' /'
"
"'", \.
50

19.<40-0 0.04
0.0<t!1!57
0 0
-100 0 !SO 100 1 200
TellPereture (ee) DNA v3.1B

Graph 4: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon M90 unfilled acetal copolymer (POM copolymer) showing low
temperature behavior.

10 400
AllpI1 tude (p""1J) -o.!IO _
-121.7·C -n.2a-o
8.838 BPII 374.1 ....

0.06
8 -73.30-0
0.011203 300

/
iii
,,, J
...,Cl
....CD
0.05
"iii
0- j \ 0-

.
J
~ I , a ~
.UJ

"
6
,/
I
.I \'
~ ,/
c:
Cl
l- 200
l&J

/
---
'T

I
.I
,
\"'-, / T, 0.04 I
I
,/ '\~
./ I

4 ,/ \'~
~ """"",".-.- .. .".",. ........
,r"
1 ...!.

,/ 0.03
100
/
;'
2 I 23.00-0
2.882 SPa 0.02

0
-U50 -100 -ao 0 100
TellPereture (-0) DNA v3.1B
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 39

Table 3: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon M90 unfilled acetal copolymer (POM copolymer). (tabular data
for Graph 3)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 4.514 252.0 0.05583 55.00 2.344 107.7 0.04595
-55.00 4.422 233.5 0.05281 60.00 2.245 106.0 0.04719
-50.00 4.308 218.9 0.05081 65.00 2.124 104.5 0.04919
-45.00 4.157 20Ll 0.04837 70.00 1.981 103.0 0.05199
-40.00 3.989 186.0 0.04662 75.00 1.832 102.4 0.05586
-35.00 3.813 170.8 0.04479 80.00 1.688 101.4 0.06010
-30.00 3.673 159.0 0.04330 85.00 1.556 lOLl 0.06501
-25.00 3.549 150.6 0.04242 90.00 1.436 101.3 0.07051
-20.00 3.430 145.8 0.04251 95.00 1.330 101.9 0.07666
-15.00 3.317 142.8 0.04304 100.00 1.232 102.6 0.08328
-10.00 3.215 140.2 0.04362 105.00 Ll38 102.7 0.09018
-5.00 3.132 138.3 0.04417 110.00 1.051 101.8 0.09682
0.00 3.065 136.7 0.04461 115.00 0.9650 99.17 0.1028
5.00 3.004 134.9 0.04491 120.00 0.8830 95.19 0.1078
10.00 2.946 133.4 0.04527 125.00 0.8055 89.30 0.1109
15.00 2.890 131.4 0.04548 130.00 0.7320 83.23 0.1137
20.00 2.843 129.5 0.04557 135.00 0.6630 76.10 0.1148
25.00 2.782 126.2 0.04536 140.00 0.5999 69.11 0.1152
30.00 2.712 122.3 0.04508 145.00 0.5412 62.01 0.1146
35.00 2.640 118.2 0.04478 150.00 0.4830 54.78 0.1134
40.00 2.568 114.6 0.04463 155.00 0.4240 47.83 0.1128
45.00 2.498 111.7 0.04474 160.00 0.3532 41.24 0.1168
50.00 2.425 109.5 0.04517

Table 4: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon M90 unfilled acetal copolymer (POM copolymer) showing low
temperature behavior. (tabular data for Graph 4)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-120.00 8.613 188.0 0.02182 -25.00 3.538 115.4 0.03261
-115.00 8.464 206.2 0.02437 -20.00 3.444 111.8 0.03246
-110.00 8.340 220.5 0.02644 -15.00 3.358 109.6 0.03263
-105.00 8.113 243.1 0.02996 -10.00 3.287 107.4 0.03266
-100.00 7.862 265.4 0.03376 -5.00 3.225 105.7 0.03277
-95.00 7.644 283.5 0.03708 0.00 3.162 103.7 0.03279
-90.00 7.317 310.6 0.04245 5.00 3.102 103.1 0.03323
-85.00 6.927 341.8 0.04935 10.00 3.043 102.0 0.03352
-80.00 6.483 367.6 0.05670 15.00 2.984 101.7 0.03409
-75.00 6.026 371.0 0.06156 20.00 2.921 100.7 0.03448
-70.00 5.512 331.2 0.06009 25.00 2.854 98.81 0.03462
-65.00 5.119 273.8 0.05349 30.00 2.782 96.79 0.03479
-60.00 4.844 231.7 0.04784 35.00 2.703 94.67 0.03503
-55.00 4.592 200.8 0.04371 40.00 2.612 92.95 0.03559
-50.00 4.359 180.4 0.04139 45.00 2.520 91.42 0.03628
-45.00 4.147 164.4 0.03963 50.00 2.439 90.04 0.03691
-40.00 3.980 152.1 0.03820 55.00 2.353 88.78 0.03773
-35.00 3.818 136.1 0.03566 60.00 2.249 88.33 0.03928
-30.00 3.660 122.5 0.03345 65.00 2.120 88.40 0.04169

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

40

Graph 5: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon TX90 unfilled, impact modified acetal copolymer
(POM copolymer) .

.,..-------------------------------~ 400
Mp11tude (P~) -a. DO _
-73.70·C I
8
327." MPe 130.S·C j
O.USO i 0.12

;+'--/' 300
6

I
/
III
....4JGl
0.10

.
w 4 i
a
c:
III
0.08 .w
i I- 200
...
I
23.00-0
T I
2.248 SPa
i 1 0.06
I
J.
/
2
,i 108.S-o
78.7a MPa 100
0.04

o 0.02

-SOO o ao 100 1
rellPerature (·C)

Graph 6: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon GC25A 25% glass fiber filled acetal copolymer
(POM copolymer).

1 0 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - · - - - - - · - - - - - - - , . . . 280
AlIlPl1tude (P~) -a. DO _
-eo.SS·C
8.080 SPa 0.12
U8.8-o
I
I
I~'\
\
I
,, 260
I
288.8 ~
8

\, I
I I \\
\
/1 0.10

I
, I
I \\ I'
I \ ' 240
\, J -.f-X\ ....lC
, ,
I /'
rof "iii
a.
.w \ 23.00-0 , ,/
" a
III

c:
0.08
.
~
\
, 8.398 ape " , / \,
1 10
I- 220
w
,,
\
I 138.7-0 ,
T
'T
I
, 0.08329 \ 0.06 I
\,
\,
I
I
\
1 200
..!.
I

\I
\
\
9. 128·C
180.0 MPa
, '
J/ ,,, 0.04
2
, , \
,
-L "
,l ,
.-....... \ _ ..,~--------I 180
.~..-----" I
',-- I
......_1'
0.02

o
-100
~-.:.10·--··o---.,.---!Sr-b-----s~o--r---- -...,...--20
.......0--...,~ ....... 160
Te~eratur.(·C) DNA vS.SS

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 41

Table 5: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon TX90 unfilled, impact modified acetal copolymer (POM
copolymer). (tabular data for Graph 5)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
20.00 2.284 70.04 0.03067 25.00 2.223 65.32 0.02939
-120.00 7.846 175.0 0.02230 30.00 2.159 60.61 0.02807
-115.00 7.771 180.2 0.02319 35.00 2.097 57.48 0.02742
-110.00 7.643 191.5 0.02506 40.00 2.037 55.21 0.02711
-105.00 7.442 210.6 0.02830 45.00 1.979 54.02 0.02730
-100.00 7.233 226.6 0.03132 50.00 1.921 53.54 0.02787
-95.00 7.021 240.3 0.03423 55.00 1.858 53.63 0.02887
-90.00 6.738 259.6 0.03853 60.00 1.781 54.07 0.03036
-85.00 6.489 276.7 0.04264 65.00 1.687 55.30 0.03278
-80.00 6.125 301.8 0.04927 70.00 1.578 56.97 0.03610
-75.00 5.662 325.4 0.05748 75.00 1.461 59.75 0.04090
-70.00 5.201 320.8 0.06168 80.00 1.352 62.82 0.04645
-65.00 4.816 282.9 0.05875 85.00 1.247 66.47 0.05332
-60.00 4.435 224.0 0.05049 90.00 1.142 70.39 0.06166
-55.00 4.163 186.2 0.04472 95.00 1.049 73.81 0.07039
-50.00 3.947 168.1 0.04260 100.00 0.9667 76.86 0.07951
-45.00 3.748 160.5 0.04283 105.00 0.8838 78.36 0.08867
-40.00 3.538 152.7 0.04316 110.00 0.8129 78.49 0.09657
-35.00 3.321 139.3 0.04193 115.00 0.7441 76.20 0.1024
-30.00 3.145 125.1 0.03977 120.00 0.6757 72.22 0.1069
-25.00 2.988 114.1 0.03819 125.00 0.6118 67.22 0.1099
-20.00 2.870 107.8 0.03756 130.00 0.5535 61.39 0.1109
-15.00 2.755 102.8 0.03731 135.00 0.5008 55.58 0.1110
-10.00 2.646 97.59 0.03687 140.00 0.4518 49.60 0.1098
-5.00 2.557 91.30 0.03571 145.00 0.4055 44.05 0.1086
0.00 2.478 85.35 0.03444 150.00 0.3607 39.21 0.1087
5.00 2.412 79.99 0.03316 155.00 0.3155 34.97 0.1108
10.00 2.359 76.08 0.03226 160.00 0.2665 30.84 0.1157
15.00 2.321 73.24 0.03156

Table 6: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon GC25A 25% glass fiber filled acetal copolymer (POM
copolymer). (tabular data for Graph 6)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 8.076 261.9 0.03242 55.00 5.844 170.1 0.02911
-55.00 7.986 241.4 0.03023 60.00 5.715 172.2 0.03013
-50.00 7.845 226.5 0.02887 65.00 5.554 178.0 0.03204
-45.00 7.662 215.0 0.02805 70.00 5.366 187.8 0.03501
-40.00 7.499 203.5 0.02713 75.00 5.159 197.5 0.03827
-35.00 7.363 190.0 0.02581 80.00 4.951 206.1 0.04163
-30.00 7.248 180.4 0.02489 85.00 4.744 216.2 0.04558
-25.00 7.140 175.3 0.02455 90.00 4.554 227.3 0.04991
-20.00 7.042 175.7 0.02494 95.00 4.372 238.0 0.05444
-15.00 6.949 176.2 0.02535 100.00 4.203 247.8 0.05895
-10.00 6.859 177.5 0.02588 105.00 4.036 256.3 0.06351
-5.00 6.781 177.5 0.02618 110.00 3.870 262.7 0.06788
0.00 6.705 178.0 0.02655 115.00 3.703 266.4 0.07196
5.00 6.627 179.7 0.02712 120.00 3.541 266.6 0.07528
10.00 6.560 179.8 0.02740 125.00 3.378 263.8 0.07810
15.00 6.502 178.8 0.02750 130.00 3.211 258.2 0.08041
20.00 6.436 177.3 0.02755 135.00 3.041 251.2 0.08262
25.00 6.369 174.8 0.02745 140.00 2.861 243.4 0.08509
30.00 6.295 173.1 0.02749 145.00 2.692 237.6 0.08825
35.00 6.216 171.6 0.02760 150.00 2.536 233.3 0.09199
40.00 6.132 171.1 0.02790 155.00 2.318 221.4 0.09552
45.00 6.041 169.8 0.02812 160.00 1.975 198.3 0.1004
50.00 5.949 169.5 0.02849

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

42

Graph 7: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon CFX-0108 25% glass fiber filled, UV stable acetal copolymer
(POM copolymer).

10 .-.--.----..- '.--.- - -"""' ..' ---- -- -.-..--.----.-.-

AIlPlltude (P-p) -0.50 IlIIl
-60.73~ J 320
9.0158 SPa
\
\ i
8
\I 23.00~ i 0.12
300
I 7.038 QPa
\ 120.e·C /
\\ 280." MPa /

ii 6
I

\ /~\
1 '
i III
....III
.j.J
0.10 2BO
'iii
~ i
I \/
\\ C

UJ
\ 24.92·C .1'\ C
...
II 260 W
,;If- \\
241.5 MPa 0.08
\ / "j"
\
\
\ ;/'\
~, /
I,
I
, \
\

\
T
1 240 1
I
I

\ .. "
1,1 \
\I
\..
\ "
"---/ ' I /
220
V" 37.SS·C
/ 129.4~
'0.08087
I
\
I
2
0.03508 ,/
200

'_.-'
--L- ,/
'-.. ,...-.--.----- \
'-.. /'

o - - - r - -.......- ...--r-...- , - ' " .--r-.-- ...--... --.~_ ....-_r_-.-............. - .. ~---r---.-._r- 180
-100 -50 0 50 100 1~0 200
T.mp.ratur. (·C) OMIt Y3.1B

Graph 8: Storage and loss properties for AtoHaas Plexiglas MI-? unfilled, impact modified acrylic (PMMA).

6 300
AIIIP 11 tude (P-p) -0.70 IIlIIl
-BO.B6·C -7.7<t3·C
5.031 BPI 2!!9.4 MPa

' I ~ 2.137
*
"........, 10B.S·C 1\ 12!1.e·C
250
I"" '--'\., 2B!!.!! MPI 2.0
1 , I I I
" / \ ,1
4
,/
I
""
" "\
I II \

' 'I'I
I II 200
,,
I \ , III
1.5
ii
I
"" /, I'Ii ... .j.J
iii
",
a. \ QI a.
,, .
I c
~ I ~
.UJ ""\ // f C

I
1
1
23.00·C '--" j\ ... III
150
UJ
"j"

I _,I 3.133 BPa 1.0

2
'\
I\ T I
I
I
I
, I

J \I
,
1 100
...!.

J \I 0.5
I
, I
\
,I \
50
0
-----------------------.-./ '.
0.0

0
-100 -!!O 0 !SO 100 150
T.mp.ratur. (·C) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 43

Table 7: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celcon CFX-0108 25% glass fiber filled, UV stable acetale copolymer
(POM copolymer). (tabular data for Graph 7)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 9.056 310.8 0.03432 55.00 6.349 223.8 0.03526
-55.00 8.981 293.3 0.03266 60.00 6.192 220.7 0.03564
-50.00 8.850 276.5 0.03124 65.00 6.000 219.5 0.03658
-45.00 8.691 265.3 0.03053 70.00 5.779 219.3 0.03795
-40.00 8.509 251.3 0.02953 75.00 5.546 221.0 0.03984
-35.00 8.315 234.5 0.02821 80.00 5.315 224.9 0.04231
-30.00 8.158 221.3 0.02712 85.00 5.100 230.6 0.04522
-25.00 8.020 213.4 0.02661 90.00 4.899 237.6 0.04850
-20.00 7.898 213.7 0.02706 95.00 4.711 245.9 0.05220
-15.00 7.778 215.9 0.02775 100.00 4.525 255.4 0.05645
-10.00 7.680 217.8 0.02836 105.00 4.341 265.0 0.06105
-5.00 7.595 220.8 0.02907 110.00 4.150 272.6 0.06569
0.00 7.468 227.5 0.03046 115.00 3.960 277.5 0.07009
5.00 7.356 231.8 0.03151 120.00 3.768 280.4 0.07441
10.00 7.263 235.8 0.03246 125.00 3.574 278.8 0.07801
15.00 7.180 238.6 0.03323 130.00 3.386 274.3 0.08101
20.00 7.088 240.7 0.03397 135.00 3.214 268.5 0.08354
25.00 7.010 241.5 0.03445 140.00 3.048 264.2 0.08668
30.00 6.931 240.9 0.03476 145.00 2.887 261.0 0.09040
35.00 6.837 239.3 0.03500 150.00 2.701 255.4 0.09454
40.00 6.719 236.2 0.03514 155.00 2.444 242.7 0.09928
45.00 6.596 231.4 0.03509 160.00 2.077 221.9 0.1069
50.00 6.478 227.4 0.03510

Table 8 Storage and loss properties for AtoHaas Plexiglas MI-7 unfilled, impact modified acrylic (PMMA). (tabular
data for Graph 8)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 5.027 128.3 0.02551 35.00 2.894 208.1 0.07189
-55.00 4.979 133.6 0.02682 40.00 2.789 197.6 0.07086
-50.00 4.906 144.6 0.02948 45.00 2.690 187.8 0.06984
-45.00 4.820 160.9 0.03339 50.00 2.593 178.0 0.06867
-40.00 4.712 181.3 0.03847 55.00 2.487 168.1 0.06760
-35.00 4.590 202.2 0.04406 60.00 2.365 158.6 0.06708
-30.00 4.437 223.6 0.05038 65.00 2.227 152.1 0.06828
-25.00 4.275 238.6 0.05582 70.00 2.073 148.9 0.07180
-20.00 4.124 248.0 0.06013 75.00 1.911 149.0 0.07798
-15.00 3.983 254.4 0.06386 80.00 1.748 152.0 0.08695
-10.00 3.849 258.7 0.06721 85.00 1.588 158.6 0.09991
-5.00 3.712 258.9 0.06974 90.00 1.420 170.5 0.1201
0.00 3.593 256.1 0.07129 95.00 1.232 188.8 0.1533
5.00 3.491 251.7 0.07211 100.00 1.016 212.5 0.2092
10.00 3.394 246.4 0.07261 105.00 0.7573 244.4 0.3229
15.00 3.288 239.5 0.07284 110.00 0.4378 262.2 0.6004
20.00 3.191 233.0 0.07302 115.00 0.1649 183.1 1.113
25.00 3.094 225.8 0.07298 120.00 0.05098 87.92 1.727
30.00 2.995 217.5 0.07261 125.00 0.01980 41.98 2.121

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

44

Graph 9: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zylar ST94-580 unfilled, impact modified acrylic copolymer.

Graph 10: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST901 unfilled, impact modified amorphous nylon tested at
0.6% moisture content.

3.0-y------------------------------~

-60.7S·C
2.597 SPa
2.5
\
\
\
\
\
\
23.00·C
2.0 \
\
1.817 SPa
\
\\
\
\
-w 1.5

'\
I 1.0 " '-
----- ........

0.5
'--'-- --
... --- ...._--.","

/
----------------------_..-,-/ 0.0
0.0 13B.2·C
0.06346 SPa
+--.....,....-.......,.--.---..,..-.........---r--.....--~----.--___,~-.....--_+O
-100 -50 0 eo 100 150 200
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 45

Table 9: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lylar ST94-580 unfilled, impact modified acryliccopolymer. (tabular
data for Graph 9)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 2.497 117.8 0.04717 30.00 2.001 100.0 0.05000

-55.00 2.472 115.3 0.04662 35.00 1.973 100.1 0.05072
-50.00 2.443 113.3 0.04635 40.00 1.940 100.3 0.05167
-45.00 2.410 111.4 0.04623 45.00 1.908 101.2 0.05303
-40.00 2.377 110.0 0.04627 50.00 1.872 102.5 0.05475
-35.00 2.342 108.5 0.04632 55.00 1.825 104.8 0.05740
-30.00 2.301 106.8 0.04642 60.00 1.768 108.5 0.06135
-25.00 2.262 105.9 0.04680 65.00 1.700 115.1 0.06772
-20.00 2.227 104.9 0.04711 70.00 1.620 122.7 0.07578
-15.00 2.194 104.2 0.04750 75.00 1.529 130.7 0.08546
-10.00 2.166 103.4 0.04774 80.00 1.431 138.9 0.09709
-5.00 2.139 103.0 0.04814 85.00 1.322 147.9 0.1119
0.00 2.119 102.7 0.04845 90.00 1.194 157.5 0.1319
5.00 2.103 102.3 0.04866 95.00 1.037 169.0 0.1630
10.00 2.084 10l.7 0.04877 100.00 0.8350 188.9 0.2264
15.00 2.065 101.0 0.04892 105.00 0.5571 237.5 0.4271
20.00 2.043 100.5 0.04919 110.00 0.2363 240.4 1.021
25.00 2.023 100.2 0.04954

Table 10: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lytel ST901 unfilled, impact modified amorphous nylon tested at 0.6%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 10)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 2.592 178.6 0.06890 45.00 1.714 66.11 0.03857

-55.00 2.544 172.3 0.06770 50.00 1.692 64.31 0.03802
-50.00 2.449 158.2 0.06459 55.00 1.670 62.49 0.03742
-45.00 2.351 144.1 0.06131 60.00 1.643 60.73 0.03697
-40.00 2.262 131.3 0.05802 65.00 1.607 59.32 0.03691
-35.00 2.176 119.0 0.05469 70.00 1.571 57.75 0.03675
-30.00 2.107 110.0 0.05220 75.00 1.541 56.19 0.03646
-25.00 2.048 102.2 0.04987 80.00 1.517 54.89 0.03618
-20.00 2.002 95.03 0.04747 85.00 1.498 53.96 0.03601
-15.00 1.966 89.20 0.04537 90.00 1.482 54.02 0.03645
-5.00 1.916 81.55 0.04257 95.00 1.464 55.49 0.03791
0.00 1.896 79.13 0.04175 100.00 1.441 58.80 0.04080
5.00 1.879 77.41 0.04120 105.00 1.406 65.28 0.04643
10.00 1.862 75.90 0.04077 110.00 1.345 78.51 0.05836
15.00 1.845 74.39 0.04033 115.00 1.217 104.6 0.08603
20.00 1.828 73.26 0.04007 120.00 0.9803 143.7 0.1466
25.00 1.811 72.13 0.03984 125.00 0.6776 177.7 0.2626
30.00 1.790 70.90 0.03960 130.00 0.3683 172.8 0.4701
35.00 1.766 69.62 0.03943 135.00 0.1446 119.8 0.8305
40.00 1.739 67.80 0.03898 140.00 0.03742 55.06 1.475

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

46

Graph 11: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilamid TR55LX unfilled, amorphous, transparent nylon 12 tested dry
as molded.

200
_Utude(p-p)-1.21 _
~.7See
2.0 1._"
,i
~-
108.0ee
170.1 .... ,I
--..---- ...... ,I 1.5
150
1.!5 ,/
a.oo-c I
,I
1.71" • • I
...
CI

'i
l
\\ I . r-l
II
a
.!
I't.
0

I&J ,,I
c:
...
II
1.0
I&J
1.0 I
I
100
...
T.
I
I I
....
,, I
I
II I
I
" ' ....
_-- - - _- 1
I
..!.
" '--"",,',",.-----.... .... ... ----.,~ I\
I \
0.5
I
0.!5 I
I
I 50
, I
I
I
/ \
\

0.0
---------------------_../ \
\
0.0
' ...
0
-100 0 50 200
T• ..,.r.ture (ee) DNA v3.1S

Graph 12: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilamid TR55LX unfilled, amorphous, transparent nylon 12 tested at
1% moisture content.

2.!5, .....- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . , . . . 200

AIlPUtude (poop) -1.211 _
-eo. Ieee
2.181 SP.

2.0 ,,~
I
\
\
\
I \ 1.5
I \ -+-- 150
I I I
I I J
a.oo·c
1.!5
1.838 SPe !,
\ ('II I I ...
CI

r'
r-l 'iii
, II

\i
/ • CD Q.

I&J
\
\
\ I '
I
0
c:
...
CI
1.0 .
~
UJ
\
\1 100
...
I
\
1.0 \
\ A
, I
T. I
I
I
" ........ III 1 ..!.

0.5
........
-
....
------------_
-------' /
I ,
/ \\
,
0.5

\
\
50
\
,/,1 \
\
-----_._-- ---------- \
\
\ 0.0
0.0

+----..--"T"""---..--"T"""---..--"T"""---..---r----..---r--__..--+O
-100 !SO 1 0 200
TellPereture (·C) DNA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 47

Table 11: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilamid TR55LX unfilled, amorphous, transparent nylon 12 tested dry
as molded. (tabular data for Graph 11)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 1.954 82.85 0.04239 40.00 1.709 67.76 0.03965
-55.00 1.941 79.52 0.04097 45.00 1.703 68.09 0.03999
-50.00 1.920 75.22 0.03917 55.00 1.685 67.93 0.04031
-45.00 1.896 71.34 0.03762 70.00 1.653 66.91 0.04047
-40.00 1.874 68.58 0.03660 80.00 1.621 67.09 0.04139
-35.00 1.849 65.25 0.03529 85.00 1.592 68.56 0.04307
-30.00 1.827 63.69 0.03486 90.00 1.547 72.75 0.04703
-25.00 1.806 63.38 0.03510 95.00 1.455 85.54 0.05881
-20.00 1.789 64.39 0.03599 100.00 1.246 120.9 0.09706
-15.00 1.774 66.26 0.03736 105.00 0.9050 163.4 0.1808
-10.00 1.759 68.53 0.03895 110.00 0.5663 170.1 0.3008
-5.00 1.746 70.54 0.04040 115.00 0.3143 151.7 0.4833
0.00 1.735 71.89 0.04145 120.00 0.1499 110.1 0.7360
5.00 1.725 72.56 0.04205 125.00 0.06545 65.69 1.005
10.00 1.720 72.69 0.04226 130.00 0.02845 35.37 1.244
15.00 1.717 72.41 0.04218 135.00 0.01470 21.27 1.448
25.00 1.714 71.05 0.04145 140.00 0.009631 15.98 1.659
30.00 1.714 70.37 0.04106

Table 12: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilamid TR55LX unfilled, amorphous, transparent nylon 12 tested at 1%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 12)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.180 112.8 0.05176 40.00 1.806 57.01 0.03157
-55.00 2.151 104.3 0.04850 45.00 1.793 55.86 0.03115
-50.00 2.092 89.54 0.04280 50.00 1.780 54.76 0.03076
-45.00 2.051 81.74 0.03986 55.00 1.765 53.68 0.03042
-40.00 2.019 76.02 0.03765 60.00 1.746 52.63 0.03014
-35.00 1.995 71.82 0.03600 65.00 1.722 52.12 0.03027
-30.00 1.975 68.45 0.03466 70.00 1.685 53.06 0.03149
-25.00 1.956 66.02 0.03375 75.00 1.615 60.16 0.03725
-20.00 1.938 64.04 0.03304 80.00 1.474 83.20 0.05645
-15.00 1.922 62.79 0.03267 85.00 1.277 119.9 0.09394
-10.00 1.908 62.24 0.03262 90.00 1.062 149.6 0.1409
-5.00 1.895 61.80 0.03261 95.00 0.8456 167.7 0.1984
0.00 1.884 61.48 0.03264 100.00 0.6342 173.0 0.2730
5.00 1.873 61.18 0.03266 105.00 0.4415 162.5 0.3682
10.00 1.865 60.83 0.03262 110.00 0.2839 140.3 0.4947
15.00 1.855 60.70 0.03272 115.00 0.1693 110.1 0.6512
20.00 1.844 60.41 0.03276 120.00 0.09186 75.71 0.8248
25.00 1.835 59.59 0.03248 125.00 0.04924 48.99 0.9954
30.00 1.826 58.67 0.03213 130.00 0.02668 31.76 1.191
35.00 1.816 57.86 0.03185 135.00 0.01661 21.95 1.322

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

48

Graph 13: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8202C unfilled, nucleated nylon 6 tested at 0.15%
moisture content.

AlIIPl1tude (P-p) -1.25 1111

72.33·C
3.0 194.2 MPa
200
-60.65·C l' .
2.991 BPa I \ 0.20
2.5 I1\\ "

I I
23.00·C II \\ "
2.626 BPa I \ i 150
2.0 III
I 7\\ 80.57·C "
oI-l
"C
.UJ
f : \\ 0.1514 i C
Ql 0.15
.
1.5 I \\ [' III
I-
UJ

I \\ '\, I' 'T'

I
9.663·C
'. 81.17 MPa / /' T 100 I
I
,"'\ \\ ,\ I'
1 0.10 I
. . +.... / I' ..!.
1.0
" /' . . . . -_... \ \ I'
'-.. / i \"
\ '--,
I

,I
0.5 10.49·C ._-............ 50
0.03069 ) \, 0.05
"
0.0
-.............. _, ,...--+-----~ '-----..... . . . ....._-------

+--,..--""T"""-........--..---r---r---r---..---..-........- .........---,-........,r---.......-.......---I-O
-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300
Te.perature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Graph 14: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8231G 6 - 14% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.15%
moisture content.
6 300
AIlPl1tude (P-p) -0.80 l1li
-60.Bg·C 72.05·C
5.035 SPa 263.8 MPa

I \
I
I
*
I \
I \
\
\
,

,I
, 0.15
250

23.00·C I \
I \
4
4.712 BPa \
200
'iii
a.
I
I
\
\ I III
oI-l
"Ql iii
a.
,I
r \
~
. I
I \
\
C
c .
~

•I
I \
UJ \ III UJ
, I
I \
\
I- 0.10 150
'T'

I ,,
II T,
\ I
I \ 77.B9·C I
I \

,
0.08603 I

2
'\
'\
'\ , I
I
I
•
I
\
\
\ 1 100
..!.

'" , / • \

" ....._-,--,..,..;
..../
, \\\ \ 0.05
I
\

• ,,\'\.....------;..---
-'- -........_--~
/ '--- 50

0 0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TellPerature (·C) DNA V3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 49

Table 13: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8202C unfilled, nucleated nylon 6 tested at 0.15% mois-
ture content. (tabular data for Graph 13)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 2.992 96.64 0.03230 80.00 1.015 153.8 0.1516

-55.00 2.977 92.55 0.03109 85.00 0.8253 120.2 0.1456
-50.00 2.948 87.67 0.02974 90.00 0.7014 93.00 0.1326
-45.00 2.919 83.46 0.02860 95.00 0.6209 72.86 0.1173
-40.00 2.893 79.61 0.02752 100.00 0.5685 58.49 0.1029
-35.00 2.866 75.12 0.02621 105.00 0.5336 48.35 0.09061
-30.00 2.836 70.98 0.02503 110.00 0.5104 41.42 0.08114
-25.00 2.804 67.85 0.02419 115.00 0.4945 36.78 0.07438
-20.00 2.778 66.87 0.02407 120.00 0.4835 33.79 0.06989
-15.00 2.754 67.41 0.02447 125.00 0.4757 31.94 0.06715
-10.00 2.726 70.59 0.02589 130.00 0.4711 31.01 0.06581
-5.00 2.699 75.11 0.02783 135.00 0.4681 30.87 0.06595
0.00 2.675 78.73 0.02943 140.00 0.4656 30.49 0.06548
5.00 2.658 80.72 0.03037 145.00 0.4623 29.93 0.06474
10.00 2.645 81.17 0.03068 150.00 0.4583 28.81 0.06286
15.00 2.636 80.53 0.03055 155.00 0.4532 27.61 0.06093
20.00 2.630 78.68 0.02991 160.00 0.4463 26.15 0.05859
25.00 2.623 77.62 0.02959 165.00 0.4372 24.91 0.05698
30.00 2.614 76.02 0.02908 170.00 0.4257 23.79 0.05588
35.00 2.599 76.55 0.02946 175.00 0.4126 22.87 0.05542
40.00 2.580 76.94 0.02983 180.00 0.3983 22.36 0.05614
45.00 2.557 77.38 0.03026 185.00 0.3823 21.98 0.05750
50.00 2.523 79.91 0.03167 190.00 0.3640 21.69 0.05960
55.00 2.454 89.53 0.03648 195.00 0.3419 21.50 0.06288
60.00 2.311 114.7 0.04965 200.00 0.3127 21.36 0.06833
65.00 2.040 160.0 0.07847 205.00 0.2739 21.23 0.07753
70.00 1.673 192.4 0.1151 210.00 0.2289 20.82 0.09098
75.00 1.300 186.0 0.1431

Table 14: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8231G 6 - 14% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.15%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 14)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 5.035 115.7 0.02297 80.00 2.531 221.2 0.08740

-55.00 5.006 109.0 0.02177 85.00 2.295 187.8 0.08184
-50.00 4.977 103.6 0.02081 90.00 2.141 154.8 0.07230
-45.00 4.952 98.48 0.01989 95.00 2.044 126.9 0.06206
-40.00 4.918 93.88 0.01909 100.00 1.989 106.5 0.05355
-35.00 4.883 89.70 0.01837 105.00 1.962 92.19 0.04698
-30.00 4.850 85.04 0.01753 110.00 1.949 81.45 0.04179
-25.00 4.825 80.91 0.01677 115.00 1.942 73.42 0.03782
-20.00 4.801 77.33 0.01611 120.00 1.932 63.63 0.03293
-15.00 4.789 74.22 0.01550 125.00 1.917 56.26 0.02935
-10.00 4.780 72.31 0.01513 130.00 1.898 52.49 0.02765
-5.00 4.769 71.76 0.01505 135.00 1.880 50.71 0.02698
0.00 4.746 72.25 0.01522 140.00 1.861 49.84 0.02679
5.00 4.749 73.73 0.01553 145.00 1.842 49.40 0.02682
10.00 4.742 74.51 0.01571 150.00 1.822 49.60 0.02722
15.00 4.733 75.17 0.01588 155.00 1.801 50.30 0.02793
20.00 4.721 76.77 0.01626 160.00 1.777 50.84 0.02861
25.00 4.705 78.79 0.01674 165.00 1.751 51.82 0.02959
30.00 4.688 81.03 0.01729 170.00 1.723 52.72 0.03060
35.00 4.661 84.15 0.01805 175.00 1.690 53.67 0.03176
40.00 4.627 88.61 0.01915 180.00 1.651 54.76 0.03318
45.00 4.583 94.37 0.02059 185.00 1.604 55.84 0.03481
50.00 4.522 104.3 0.02306 190.00 1.547 57.11 0.03692
55.00 4.414 122.2 0.02767 195.00 1.472 58.83 0.03996
60.00 4.206 158.8 0.03778 200.00 1.368 61.67 0.04510
65.00 3.825 215.8 0.05644 205.00 1.244 64.89 0.05218
70.00 3.335 251.0 0.07528 210.00 1.070 69.01 0.06454
75.00 2.868 246.9 0.08611 215.00 0.7880 73.23 0.09318

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

50

Graph 15: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Durethan BKV030 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.47%
moisture content.
10 350
AIlpl1tude (P-p) -0.60 IIllIl
-eo.6B·C ~\
8.264 SPa I ;

, I
I
I \
\
\ 68.02·C .I 0.12
300
,I
I \
8 \ 328.3 MPa

,,
I \
I \
\
\ I I 0.10
23.00·C
7.662 SPa , I \
\ I 250
iii 6 I
I
\
\
\
,I
I
.......
III
iii
0- I \ Ql 0-
~
.UJ I
I
I \
\
\ II
a
C
0.08
.
e-

.I
I \ 10 UJ
I \ l- 200
I \
7

I
I \

4
\
\
I
I
I
,I \
\ I
•
T, 0.06
I
I
I

.I
\ \
\
\
\
\
I
I
I
.I \\'
\
1 150
..!..

,/
I
\
\ I
I
, / \
\
\
, ,-_ ....../
I

,/ 77.S1·C
o.0Em9!5
~\
'\..
x~
\':---'
..../
0.04

2 ,/
................... --,/ '....'------."" 0.02
100
'------- ..

0 50
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Graph 16: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilon PVN-3H 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.4% moisture
content.

8 300
Amp11tude(p-p)-0.50 mm
-59.09·C
7.127 SPa
67.49·C ,I
0.10
276.6 MPa ,I 250
6
23.00·C I I

6.478 BPa
, I 0.08
,
I

iii
I
I .......
CI
iii
0-
, I
76.3S·C
I c!
200 0-

.
I
~ e-
.UJ , I
,
I
c
4 I ,I CI
0.06 UJ
I
/ ,I
I-

I
I 7

I
I
I
.I ,/
T I
150
I
I
I
\
\
\ , I
I
I
,I \
\ ,/
1 0.04
..!..

,/
I \
\ I \ ,~
2
\
\
\ , /
/"
I

/ \
\
,.--
..........
'....
-,,_/
,1,1

/ \
\ ,
,,"
100
- - _ . / ......
......... ~'- , ' ........ _, \ 0.02
....
----"'/
0 50
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 51

Table 15: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Durethan BKV030 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.47% mois-
ture content. (tabular data for Graph 15)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(aC) (GPa) (MPa) (aC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 8.264 181.6 0.02198 80.00 4.515 296.3 0.06562
-55.00 8.240 173.0 0.02099 85.00 4.252 269.6 0.06340
-50.00 8.201 164.9 0.02011 90.00 4.045 241.3 0.05965
-45.00 8.146 157.5 0.01933 95.00 3.889 215.5 0.05540
-40.00 8.096 149.5 0.01847 100.00 3.772 193.1 0.05118
-35.00 8.042 141.8 0.01763 105.00 3.690 174.8 0.04737
-30.00 7.991 134.0 0.01677 110.00 3.638 160.3 0.04406
-25.00 7.948 127.2 0.01601 115.00 3.614 148.9 0.04121
-20.00 7.915 122.6 0.01549 120.00 3.603 142.5 0.03954
-15.00 7.884 120.2 0.01525 125.00 3.593 133.2 0.03708
-10.00 7.855 119.9 0.01527 130.00 3.576 124.9 0.03493
-5.00 7.831 120.2 0.01535 135.00 3.553 117.4 0.03303
0.00 7.818 122.8 0.01570 140.00 3.519 110.0 0.03125
5.00 7.797 127.7 0.01637 145.00 3.477 104.7 0.03012
10.00 7.768 133.9 0.01723 150.00 3.432 101.2 0.02948
15.00 7.733 140.5 0.01817 155.00 3.381 98.82 0.02923
20.00 7.695 147.6 0.01919 160.00 3.324 97.06 0.02920
25.00 7.636 158.1 0.02070 165.00 3.265 95.78 0.02933
30.00 7.560 170.1 0.02250 170.00 3.199 94.82 0.02964
35.00 7.463 183.9 0.02464 175.00 3.125 94.19 0.03014
40.00 7.352 198.2 0.02696 180.00 3.041 93.95 0.03090
45.00 7.199 215.4 0.02992 185.00 2.947 93.91 0.03186
50.00 6.976 237.2 0.03400 190.00 2.839 94.55 0.03331
55.00 6.641 267.8 0.04032 195.00 2.704 96.16 0.03556
60.00 6.170 306.8 0.04972 200.00 2.509 99.21 0.03954
65.00 5.654 327.5 0.05793 205.00 2.194 103.9 0.04737
70.00 5.208 326.6 0.06271 210.00 1.807 105.5 0.05841
75.00 4.835 316.5 0.06546 215.00 1.279 96.08 0.07528

Table 16: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grilon PVN-3H 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 testedat 0.4% moisture
content. (tabular data for Graph 16)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(a C) (GPa) (MPa) {a C) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 7.106 137.6 0.01937 80.00 3.729 243.4 0.06527
-50.00 7.064 130.4 0.01846 85.00 3.478 221.9 0.06380
-45.00 7.024 125.0 0.01780 90.00 3.283 197.8 0.06023
-40.00 6.982 117.8 0.01687 95.00 3.131 174.4 0.05570
-35.00 6.939 112.1 0.01615 100.00 3.021 154.3 0.05106
-30.00 6.895 107.9 0.01566 105.00 2.938 138.4 0.04711
-25.00 6.848 105.2 0.01537 110.00 2.875 125.5 0.04367
-20.00 6.803 103.8 0.01526 115.00 2.827 114.5 0.04050
-15.00 6.766 102.2 0.01511 120.00 2.793 105.4 0.03775
-10.00 6.734 100.5 0.01493 125.00 2.768 98.45 0.03557
-5.00 6.706 97.24 0.01450 130.00 2.754 93.55 0.03397
0.00 6.677 96.08 0.01439 135.00 2.741 89.55 0.03267
5.00 6.642 97.34 0.01466 140.00 2.732 87.46 0.03201
10.00 6.605 101.0 0.01530 145.00 2.722 85.87 0.03155
15.00 6.560 106.4 0.01622 150.00 2.706 85.85 0.03172
20.00 6.509 112.4 0.01727 155.00 2.678 81.56 0.03045
25.00 6.459 117.0 0.01811 160.00 2.637 78.89 0.02992
30.00 6.423 120.2 0.01872 165.00 2.584 77.73 0.03007
35.00 6.359 128.0 0.02013 170.00 2.524 77.17 0.03058
40.00 6.237 142.8 0.02290 175.00 2.460 77.68 0.03157
45.00 6.074 162.5 0.02675 180.00 2.386 78.19 0.03277
50.00 5.887 184.6 0.03136 185.00 2.304 79.45 0.03449
55.00 5.648 210.3 0.03723 190.00 2.195 82.80 0.03772
60.00 5.295 244.5 0.04618 195.00 2.041 86.80 0.04254
65.00 4.839 272.1 0.05624 200.00 1.843 90.30 0.04901
70.00 4.407 275.7 0.06255 205.00 1.594 92.62 0.05812
75.00 4.032 262.9 0.06521 210.00 1.241 93.23 0.07524

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

52

Graph 17: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8233G 33% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.3%
moisture content.

10 " T " " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " " T "

Allpl1tud. (P-p) -0. !SO . .

400

8 -+------- I ,
" *
f \ 384.S MPa
71. <4S·C
-eo.S·C 0.15
I \
S.472 SP. 23.00·C
S.088 SP. I \ i 300
! \
III
i ...
.f.J

.w \ I I U
a
.
! \
..
c
I \
I' III
~ 0.10
w

; \ i T 200 I

f \ i 1
I
I
..!.
I ~, \ }
/ i \ \" "\
',,'........ ~ // I' \ . . --- "\
2

_ __
" ',,--~-" .' I'
,
_ . / / 77.25·C
-.
.......... __
'-----.. .",1' \.
.,,/
0.05
100

_
--------- .r 0.07215

O-+----"T"""-..,....-"T"""-..,....-"r""-~-~-~-T'""----,.._----r_---I_ 0
-100 -!SO 0 50 1 0 150 200 300
T.~.r.tur.(-c) DMA va.1S

Graph 18: Storage and loss properties for BASF Ultramid B3EG6 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.5%
moisture content.

8"T""-------------------------------~ 350
23.00·C
6.901 GPa

-60.39·C
7.392 GPa
', "
I
I \
/ \
\
\
73.27·C
313.9 MPa
i
i
0.10 300

6
I \
\
i
I
\ i ell
0.08
250

f'\\,\
\
81. 53·C
...
.f.J
Ql
Iii
Q.

\\
0.07407
I C ~

..
C 200 •
w 4 /, ,\
i ~ 0.06
w

I f I
f I
I
,
I

I
i
,
\
\
,/
i
1
T
0.04
150
I
I
I
..!.

"\\
'._.---' /
I ,

If / \
2 , 100
-""-.. / /
I

""
" I ,
.... _------,.; ",,/

0.02
", / /
~
........... ---
-._---
'.....
,,/
,.--"" I

50

O+--,--"""T'"----.----.-----.--r---..--T'""-....---r--.........- - , - -........---..---..---+
-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1S
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 53

Table 17: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8233G 33% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.3%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 17
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 8.473 133.6 0.01577 85.00 4.462 297.5 0.06667
-55.00 8.467 125.2 0.01479 90.00 4.225 254.0 0.06010
-50.00 8.432 120.8 0.01433 95.00 4.061 214.5 0.05283
-45.00 8.382 116.0 0.01384 100.00 3.949 182.5 0.04622
-40.00 8.328 112.5 0.01351 105.00 3.875 158.3 0.04084
-35.00 8.278 109.0 0.01317 110.00 3.838 143.5 0.03740
-30.00 8.246 103.5 0.01255 115.00 3.816 136.9 0.03588
-25.00 8.229 97.24 0.01182 120.00 3.800 131.0 0.03447
-20.00 8.209 91.54 0.01115 125.00 3.787 125.4 0.03313
-15.00 8.189 88.42 0.01080 130.00 3.781 122.2 0.03233
-10.00 8.165 87.40 0.01070 135.00 3.787 121.6 0.03209
-5.00 8.149 88.38 0.01085 140.00 3.799 121.0 0.03186
5.00 8.121 93.02 0.01145 145.00 3.796 118.0 0.03110
10.00 8.109 95.22 0.01174 150.00 3.771 111.9 0.02967
15.00 8.096 97.36 0.01202 155.00 3.728 108.2 0.02901
20.00 8.081 99.77 0.01235 160.00 3.676 106.7 0.02901
25.00 8.058 104.6 0.01298 165.00 3.617 106.6 0.02946
30.00 8.025 111.2 0.01386 170.00 3.551 107.0 0.03014
35.00 7.982 119.9 0.01502 175.00 3.479 108.0 0.03104
40.00 7.921 131.2 0.01656 180.00 3.397 109.3 0.03217
45.00 7.828 148.5 0.01897 185.00 3.302 111.5 0.03377
50.00 7.683 175.3 0.02282 190.00 3.183 115.4 0.03626
55.00 7.435 219.8 0.02956 195.00 3.026 120.8 0.03993
60.00 7.013 288.2 0.04111 200.00 2.805 127.9 0.04560
65.00 6.431 353.5 0.05498 205.00 2.537 135.2 0.05331
70.00 5.782 383.9 0.06639 210.00 2.156 145.0 0.06731
75.00 5.213 375.1 0.07195 215.00 1.515 154.2 0.1021
80.00 4.790 341.2 0.07122

Table 18: Storage and loss properties for BASF Ultramid B3EG6 30% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.5% moisture
content. (tabular data for Graph 18)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 7.390 103.2 0.01396 85.00 3.829 280.3 0.07320

-55.00 7.361 98.19 0.01334 90.00 3.566 243.6 0.06830
-50.00 7.323 94.60 0.01292 95.00 3.375 206.9 0.06130
-45.00 7.289 88.82 0.01219 100.00 3.239 175.4 0.05415
-40.00 7.242 83.38 0.01151 110.00 3.072 129.5 0.04215
-35.00 7.188 77.54 0.01079 115.00 3.025 113.7 0.03759
-30.00 7.140 72.21 0.01011 120.00 2.988 103.0 0.03447
-25.00 7.100 67.64 0.009527 125.00 2.962 95.56 0.03227
-20.00 7.071 63.53 0.008985 130.00 2.944 90.69 0.03081
-15.00 7.056 59.84 0.008481 135.00 2.928 87.36 0.02984
-10.00 7.040 58.16 0.008261 140.00 2.908 85.60 0.02944
-5.00 7.022 57.83 0.008235 145.00 2.884 84.03 0.02914
0.00 7.002 58.61 0.008370 150.00 2.858 83.05 0.02906
5.00 6.982 59.45 0.008514 155.00 2.828 81.93 0.02897
10.00 6.956 60.93 0.008760 160.00 2.791 81.64 0.02925
15.00 6.935 61.48 0.008865 165.00 2.747 81.64 0.02972
20.00 6.914 62.00 0.008967 170.00 2.700 82.06 0.03039
25.00 6.892 64.20 0.009315 175.00 2.644 83.36 0.03153
30.00 6.850 69.67 0.01017 180.00 2.582 84.83 0.03286
35.00 6.786 79.76 0.01175 185.00 2.511 86.72 0.03453
40.00 6.689 96.45 0.01442 190.00 2.431 88.88 0.03656
45.00 6.543 121.2 0.01852 195.00 2.329 92.24 0.03961
50.00 6.365 152.1 0.02389 200.00 2.186 96.86 0.04431
60.00 5.783 243.3 0.04208 205.00 2.000 100.6 0.05032
65.00 5.371 286.2 0.05328 210.00 1.799 104.0 0.05782
70.00 4.940 308.9 0.06253 215.00 1.509 106.9 0.07091
75.00 4.513 313.5 0.06946 220.00 1.026 107.9 0.1055
80.00 4.144 305.2 0.07365

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

54

Graph 19: Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp PF1006HI 30% glass fiber filled, impact modified nylon 6
tested at 0.3% moisture content.

B
-60.44·C
7.697 8P8
I~,
68. 12·C
3e1.1 MPa
AllPl1tude (P-p) -0.60

I I
- 400

1 ' I O.OB

,I /~\\.
I, \\
78.83·C
0.07964 /
I
300

S
23.00·C
7.022 SPa I
I \,
\ \
I I to
Iii
I'
I
\
\ ,
I ...
+J
O.OS Iii
a.
.
Q)
a. I
a
S I \\ \ I I \ \

I ~
. II
I I
c:
UJ
If' ,
I \

I
,
III
~ 200
UJ

...
I \,
II '\ \

I T
I I
4
'
I I I
I
I
\ 0.04
....

"""
I .
/ I
/

''
' \
/ 1 ..!..
"", , /1 / \\ ./
/

'-. ,,/ \
-- I "' ... 100
2 ---...... /' ....,--------" 0.02
~ ....................... _.,,/

o-+--...--r----.---.---SO..,...-....---:10T':0-........---:-1'ISO:----:2::10":"0-...--::r:----.--:3±00 0
-100 -SO 0 DMA v3.1B
TelllPerature (·Cl

Graph 20: Storage and loss properties for DSM Engineering Fiberfil J7-33 33% glass fiber filled, impact modified nylon
6 tested at 0.3% moisture content.

B - , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r 350
AllP11tude(p-pl-0.50 . .

300
-59.2S·C O.OB
S 7.381 SPa
23.00·C
S.S48 SPa
250
to
...
+J
Q) 0.06
.
4
a
c:
to
.
UJ
UJ ~ 200
...
I T
i 0.04

150
I
I
I
..!..

2
0.02
100

-50 o 50 100 150 200 250

Te.perature (·e)

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 55

Table 19: Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp PF1006HI 30% glass fiber filled, impact modified nylon 6
tested at 0.3% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 19)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 7.695 168.6 0.02191 80.00 3.950 314.4 0.07960
-55.00 7.658 163.9 0.02141 85.00 3.694 282.3 0.07643
-50.00 7.616 158.4 0.02080 90.00 3.505 248.1 0.07080
-45.00 7.567 152.4 0.02015 95.00 3.361 218.1 0.06488
-40.00 7.506 145.8 0.01942 100.00 3.264 191.1 0.05856
-35.00 7.439 138.2 0.01857 105.00 3.193 166.0 0.05199
-30.00 7.381 130.0 0.01762 1I0.00 3.151 147.5 0.04680
-25.00 7.333 123.2 0.01680 1I5.00 3.128 133.3 0.04260
-20.00 7.300 1I6.4 0.01595 120.00 3.1I2 122.5 0.03937
-15.00 7.271 1I2.4 0.01546 125.00 3.094 1I2.1 0.03622
-10.00 7.244 1I0.2 0.01522 130.00 3.075 104.0 0.03383
-5.00 7.220 109.8 0.01521 135.00 3.054 98.01 0.03209
0.00 7.195 1I1.7 0.01552 140.00 3.024 93.68 0.03098
5.00 7.168 1I6.4 0.01624 145.00 2.988 90.42 0.03026
10.00 7.136 123.7 0.01733 150.00 2.948 88.14 0.02990
15.00 7.097 132.9 0.01872 155.00 2.906 86.56 0.02979
20.00 7.049 141.9 0.02013 160.00 2.861 85.60 0.02992
25.00 7.001 149.5 0.02135 165.00 2.81I 85.09 0.03027
30.00 6.947 156.9 0.02259 170.00 2.758 84.48 0.03063
35.00 6.877 165.3 0.02404 175.00 2.699 84.1I 0.031I7
40.00 6.780 176.7 0.02607 180.00 2.632 83.72 0.03181
45.00 6.642 193.0 0.02906 185.00 2.558 83.60 0.03268
50.00 6.440 218.7 0.03396 190.00 2.469 84.20 0.0341I
55.00 6.144 260.9 0.04247 195.00 2.367 85.22 0.03601
60.00 5.723 315.2 0.05508 200.00 2.237 87.37 0.03906
65.00 5.233 347.4 0.06639 205.00 2.046 92.02 0.04498
70.00 4.747 349.7 0.07367 210.00 1.801 96.12 0.05337
75.00 4.317 337.1 0.0781I 215.00 1.489 98.47 0.06618

Table 20: Storage and loss properties for DSM Engineering Fiberfil J7-33 33% glass fiber filled, impact modified nylon 6
tested at 0.3% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 20)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 7.343 150.2 0.02046 80.00 4.357 329.3 0.07559
-50.00 7.279 146.0 0.02006 85.00 4.031 310.4 0.07700
-45.00 7.202 140.4 0.01949 90.00 3.764 281.0 0.07465
-40.00 7.122 134.4 0.01888 95.00 3.535 244.1 0.06905
-35.00 7.048 128.8 0.01827 100.00 3.352 207.8 0.06198
-30.00 6.983 121.3 0.01738 105.00 3.212 179.2 0.05581
-25.00 6.915 114.9 0.01662 1I0.00 3.104 157.1 0.05060
-20.00 6.857 106.8 0.01557 115.00 3.019 139.9 0.04634
-15.00 6.816 96.04 0.01409 120.00 2.950 126.6 0.04290
-10.00 6.789 86.01 0.01267 125.00 2.892 116.5 0.04027
-5.00 6.774 77.48 0.01144 130.00 2.838 108.8 0.03832
0.00 6.760 71.97 0.01065 135.00 2.791 102.6 0.03675
5.00 6.744 68.66 0.01018 140.00 2.746 97.64 0.03556
10.00 6.719 70.28 0.01046 145.00 2.700 93.77 0.03473
15.00 6.688 72.40 0.01082 150.00 2.656 90.65 0.03413
20.00 6.661 74.80 0.01123 155.00 2.609 87.69 0.03361
25.00 6.637 77.18 0.01I63 160.00 2.560 85.24 0.03329
30.00 6.597 82.88 0.01256 165.00 2.508 82.89 0.03305
35.00 6.523 95.04 0.01457 170.00 2.452 81.22 0.03312
40.00 6.421 112.2 0.01748 175.00 2.394 79.51 0.03321
45.00 6.271 136.6 0.02179 180.00 2.329 78.31 0.03362
50.00 6.1I8 159.1 0.02600 185.00 2.257 77.65 0.03440
55.00 5.927 187.9 0.03171 190.00 2.172 77.67 0.03576
60.00 5.685 228.3 0.04016 195.00 2.073 78.10 0.03767
65.00 5.372 276.6 0.05150 200.00 1.936 80.01 0.04133
70.00 5.036 313.2 0.06220 205.00 1.718 83.91 0.04885
75.00 4.688 331.4 0.07069 210.00 1.431 89.15 0.06234

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

56

Graph 21: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8267G 40% glass fiber/ mineral filled nylon 6 tested at
0.3% moisture content.

10~-------------------------------"
AIlPUtude (P-p) -o.SO _
71. 42·C
-60.SO·C
380.8 Mfa
8.126 GPa
~ ,
I 0.10
400

~-
8 (I \\
(
I
\
\ i
23.00·C
I ,1\
f 1 \\ 78.84-C
I 0.08 300
I \' I
III
7.308 SPa
0.08751 ....Gl
~

.w I \\ \
\\
' /'
a
c
III
.....
.
w
0.06
I \\ ' T 200
'I
I
i \\ ) 1
I
I

,i \',
\ . " " - . ,/'
..!..
0.04
II \ '_.-
2 -.......... --/
100

........ ---~
0.02

o+--....,....-..,.....-....,....-..,.....-..,.....--r---r---r---r---r--or--,---or--..---_-r_ 0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Teaperature(.C) DMA v3.1B

Graph 22: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8234G 44% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.4%
moisture content.

12~-------------------------------T"500
AllpUtude (P-p) -0.38 ...

~I
(
(
\
I
10
-SO. 42·C
10.80 aPa
I

,I \,
, 73.1S·C
464.4 MPa I
23.00·C
I
l
,,
,
, I 0.15
400

8
10.27 SPa i
,, \
\
I III
....
~

.w
,, \
\ i a
Ql [l,

.
~
III

6 ,, I c
.....III
300
w
0.10
\
i 'I

I 4

1\ \
\~----
\
\
\ i
1/\
1
T
200
..!..
I
I
I

i '\ \\ -, ,_/ , /
;'I
I
I
I
, '\ . .-----.. . / I 0.05

jI
2
......_._-_.
, --,,/ ,
I
I

......../ ' 78.94·C 100

o _._. .--- 0.07080

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 2!50 300

TellPerature (·e) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 57

Table 21: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8267G 40% glass fiber/ mineral filled nylon 6 tested at
0.3% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 21)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 8.124 216.7 0.02668 85.00 3.533 294.7 0.08342
-55.00 8.083 210.6 0.02606 90.00 3.283 252.1 0.07679
-50.00 8.029 201.5 0.02510 95.00 3.101 212.0 0.06837
-45.00 7.951 191.1 0.02403 100.00 2.978 180.4 0.06057
-40.00 7.869 180.8 0.02297 105.00 2.897 158.6 0.05476
-35.00 7.792 170.6 0.02189 110.00 2.837 141.8 0.04999
-30.00 7.725 160.6 0.02079 115.00 2.791 128.5 0.04603
-25.00 7.663 152.9 0.01995 120.00 2.756 119.0 0.04318
-20.00 7.616 146.9 0.01929 125.00 2.730 112.9 0.04137
-15.00 7.577 142.9 0.01887 130.00 2.706 109.4 0.04042
-5.00 7.503 139.7 0.01862 135.00 2.682 105.8 0.03945
0.00 7.470 140.0 0.01874 140.00 2.654 100.0 0.03769
5.00 7.441 141.3 0.01899 145.00 2.619 95.14 0.03633
10.00 7.409 143.8 0.01941 150.00 2.577 91.89 0.03566
15.00 7.377 147.0 0.01992 155.00 2.531 89.76 0.03547
20.00 7.335 153.0 0.02086 160.00 2.473 88.91 0.03596
25.00 7.286 160.9 0.02208 165.00 2.417 87.99 0.03641
30.00 7.225 171.6 0.02375 170.00 2.362 87.06 0.03685
35.00 7.137 186.3 0.02610 175.00 2.311 86.07 0.03724
40.00 7.018 204.3 0.02911 180.00 2.246 86.24 0.03839
45.00 6.866 223.4 0.03253 185.00 2.175 86.35 0.03971
50.00 6.663 244.1 0.03664 190.00 2.092 86.91 0.04155
55.00 6.375 271.1 0.04254 195.00 1.994 87.89 0.04407
60.00 5.968 311.9 0.05227 200.00 1.864 89.53 0.04804
65.00 5.436 357.8 0.06584 205.00 1.674 91.66 0.05477
70.00 4.828 380.3 0.07879 210.00 1.452 91.88 0.06331
75.00 4.310 371.2 0.08614 215.00 1.171 89.20 0.07620
80.00 3.872 338.1 0.08733

Table 22: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Capron 8234G 44% glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.4%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 22
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 10.79 144.1 0.01335 80.00 6.083 428.8 0.07049
-55.00 10.77 139.8 0.01298 85.00 5.632 374.2 0.06644
-50.00 10.76 138.0 0.01283 90.00 5.322 320.7 0.06026
-45.00 10.72 136.5 0.01273 95.00 5.116 274.1 0.05357
-40.00 10.67 135.1 0.01267 100.00 4.979 237.5 0.04771
-35.00 10.64 129.1 0.01214 105.00 4.886 209.6 0.04290
-30.00 10.62 123.4 0.01162 110.00 4.824 190.5 0.03950
-25.00 10.60 118.5 0.01118 115.00 4.789 176.5 0.03686
-20.00 10.57 114.4 0.01082 120.00 4.775 167.6 0.03510
-15.00 10.55 112.0 0.01061 125.00 4.789 163.6 0.03417
-10.00 10.53 112.6 0.01070 130.00 4.812 166.8 0.03466
-5.00 10.50 116.6 0.01111 135.00 4.846 172.3 0.03555
0.00 10.47 121.0 0.01155 140.00 4.876 171.8 0.03522
5.00 10.44 127.6 0.01223 145.00 4.874 164.5 0.03376
10.00 10.40 133.4 0.01282 150.00 4.842 158.4 0.03270
15.00 10.36 139.8 0.01350 155.00 4.789 155.9 0.03255
20.00 10.30 147.7 0.01433 160.00 4.725 155.2 0.03284
25.00 10.24 154.9 0.01513 165.00 4.652 154.7 0.03326
30.00 10.15 164.2 0.01618 170.00 4.563 154.4 0.03384
35.00 10.04 174.5 0.01737 175.00 4.464 153.9 0.03447
40.00 9.930 186.2 0.01876 180.00 4.344 155.5 0.03580
45.00 9.782 200.7 0.02052 185.00 4.204 158.2 0.03764
50.00 9.581 223.0 0.02328 190.00 4.035 163.0 0.04040
55.00 9.239 263.9 0.02848 195.00 3.800 170.4 0.04484
60.00 8.798 334.3 0.03801 200.00 3.488 178.5 0.05119
65.00 8.134 412.6 0.05073 205.00 3.112 186.9 0.06007
70.00 7.416 456.4 0.06156 210.00 2.557 194.4 0.07609
75.00 6.683 463.1 0.06931 215.00 1.631 190.8 0.1174

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

58

Graph 23: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran N6G50 50% long glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.4%
moisture content.

T""""---------------------------------.,.- 500
Amp11tude(p-p)-0.30 mm
14
73.21°C
i
--L
-60.S5°C I
r", , 432.1 MPa 0.10
13.80 GPa I \
12 23.00 C 0

13.21 GPa I
I \
\ i 400
I \
\
\
i 0.08
10
I
I
I \
\
\\
i .......
III

J
I
j 1Il 300 ~
.
IlJ I
I
I
\
\ ,
\
j
a
c
III
....
O.OS .
~
IlJ

1\i
8 I
I
'\ '1"

I /
I

(~.'\.. T I
I

6
! i ",
'" ..........
.... _-- ;
...,~ 1 0.04
200 I
..!.
I' ,-
I ,/ .........._-~
I 85.40 o C
4 ,' - I /
I ,
0.04747 0.02
-, I / 100

2
---' '"
.~_
.... -~
L.~
/
"/
'

0.00

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 250

Temperature (OC)

Graph 24: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel151 unfilled nylon 612.

AIllpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 l1li

71.11OC 120
2.5 118.7 MPa ~\
I
I \

-59.1S·C I
/ \
\
I
2.0 2.416 GPe 23.00OC I
I
I \
\
I
i 100
2.190 GPa
I
I
I
I
1
I
i 0.2
I
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80
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III

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,
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I
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I
60
I
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1.0 I
I
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I
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B.370·C
62.09 MPa
,
\
\ i 0.1
i \\, , / 40
\
,/'
0.5
i '''\,-- ,/
i
,/' '----------- 20

0.0 -----------_..........
+--T---r----y---r------r-.......--r---..---r----,.-~---.-........,r__-....---L.O
-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 250
TellPerature (OC) DMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 59

Table 23 Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran N6G50 50% long glass fiber filled nylon 6 tested at 0.4%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 23)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 13.79 105.3 0.007636 80.00 9.061 423.2 0.04671

-50.00 13.77 99.38 0.007218 85.00 8.720 413.7 0.04745
-45.00 13.72 97.06 0.007076 90.00 8.409 391.5 0.04656
-40.00 13.65 94.98 0.006956 95.00 8.127 360.3 0.04433
-35.00 13.59 91.34 0.006723 100.00 7.881 328.3 0.04166
-30.00 13.55 83.77 0.006182 105.00 7.677 299.9 0.03906
-25.00 13.51 75.38 0.005578 110.00 7.501 274.9 0.03665
-20.00 13.48 68.23 0.005063 115.00 7.363 257.2 0.03493
-15.00 13.44 60.76 0.004520 120.00 7.240 239.2 0.03305
-10.00 13.41 54.39 0.004055 125.00 7.117 222.7 0.03130
-5.00 13.39 51.80 0.003869 130.00 7.006 209.1 0.02985
0.00 13.37 46.90 0.003508 135.00 6.901 197.7 0.02864
5.00 13.36 47.41 0.003549 140.00 6.800 188.7 0.02774
10.00 13.34 49.56 0.003716 145.00 6.701 182.7 0.02726
15.00 13.30 55.24 0.004155 150.00 6.597 178.0 0.02699
20.00 13.24 67.52 0.005100 155.00 6.482 175.5 0.02708
25.00 13.19 76.95 0.005836 160.00 6.372 173.0 0.02715
30.00 13.11 92.10 0.007023 165.00 6.256 172.2 0.02752
35.00 12.97 119.1 0.009188 170.00 6.147 170.2 0.02769
40.00 12.74 151.8 0.01192 175.00 6.020 170.6 0.02835
45.00 12.49 186.4 0.01493 180.00 5.878 171.9 0.02924
50.00 12.22 222.0 0.01817 185.00 5.720 173.2 0.03028
55.00 11.89 266.8 0.02243 190.00 5.510 178.4 0.03238
60.00 11.49 321.8 0.02801 195.00 5.237 184.7 0.03527
65.00 10.86 384.9 0.03546 200.00 4.793 196.5 0.04100
70.00 10.06 426.1 0.04236 205.00 4.253 205.2 0.04826
75.00 9.524 431.7 0.04533 210.00 3.455 220.8 0.06397

Table 24: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel151 unfilled nylon 612. (tabular data for Graph 24)

Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 2.402 73.11 0.03044 85.00 0.7083 78.67 0.1110

-50.00 2.379 70.47 0.02962 90.00 0.6206 62.35 0.1005
-45.00 2.358 67.82 0.02876 95.00 0.5602 50.08 0.08938
-40.00 2.338 64.76 0.02770 100.00 0.5163 40.90 0.07921
-35.00 2.319 62.17 0.02681 105.00 0.4819 34.14 0.07083
-30.00 2.301 60.45 0.02627 110.00 0.4539 29.25 0.06444
-25.00 2.284 59.61 0.02609 115.00 0.4304 25.93 0.06024
-20.00 2.270 59.55 0.02624 120.00 0.4095 23.62 0.05769
-15.00 2.259 59.58 0.02638 125.00 0.3899 21.90 0.05618
-10.00 2.250 59.98 0.02666 130.00 0.3716 20.71 0.05574
-5.00 2.241 60.92 0.02719 135.00 0.3523 19.91 0.05653
0.00 2.231 61.52 0.02757 140.00 0.3334 19.17 0.05751
5.00 2.222 62.11 0.02796 145.00 0.3150 18.59 0.05901
10.00 2.213 62.00 0.02802 150.00 0.2976 18.15 0.06099
15.00 2.202 62.04 0.02817 155.00 0.2812 17.74 0.06307
20.00 2.196 61.29 0.02791 160.00 0.2660 17.44 0.06559
25.00 2.185 61.44 0.02812 165.00 0.2515 17.23 0.06850
30.00 2.168 63.38 0.02923 170.00 0.2379 17.10 0.07188
35.00 2.142 67.53 0.03153 175.00 0.2249 16.99 0.07554
40.00 2.106 72.14 0.03426 180.00 0.2108 16.93 0.08030
45.00 2.061 77.84 0.03777 185.00 0.1949 16.88 0.08662
50.00 1.997 85.32 0.04272 190.00 0.1773 16.76 0.09451
55.00 1.900 95.50 0.05027 195.00 0.1584 16.82 0.1062
60.00 1.761 105.7 0.06000 200.00 0.1362 16.89 0.1240
65.00 1.575 113.1 0.07181 205.00 0.1128 16.34 0.1449
70.00 1.331 118.4 0.08904 210.00 0.09335 15.62 0.1675
75.00 1.066 114.0 0.1070 215.00 0.06385 14.35 0.2252
80.00 0.8512 97.88 0.1150

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

60

Graph 25: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lytel 77G43L 43% glass fiber filled nylon 612 tested at 0.35%
moisture content.

12

23.00-<:
9.682 BPa
, r!\
71.22·C
Allplltude (poop) -o.3!5

I,
I
I
- 350

~.-
' I\
10 '
I \\ 338.3 MPa J 0.08
-59.28·C
10.33 SPa I
I
I \
\
\
;
I
300
I \

8 I
I
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\
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..... 0.06 250 Iii
n.
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I ell
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W

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4
, ,
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-------- ------'
~ I '
" '" .-/ ;I 100
'- .......... /'
2 . ...

50
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
TelllPerature (·C) DNA v3.1B

Graph 26: Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp IF100-12 60% glass fiber filled nylon 612 tested at 0.4%
moisture content.

20 600
Allplltude (poop) -0.28 _

-+----
-!S9.13·C I
,*I
I
'7a.27·C
!529.!5 MPe
,.
i
r 0.10

500
15
18.10 SPa
23.00·C I
I
I I
I
I
I
18.91 BPa
I
I
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I I 0.08

I
I
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\ i '" 400
Iii
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------..... / /-,
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7

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v ".-..........,_ ' .-
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--.-.----_. ./
, 100

0
-100 -!SO 0 50 100 150 200
TellPerature (·C) DNA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 61

Table 25: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lylel 77G43L 43% glass fiber filled nylon 612 tested at 0.35% mois-
ture content. (tabular data for Graph 25)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 10.32 106.3 0.01030 80.00 6.570 310.0 0.04717
-50.00 10.29 104.9 0.01020 85.00 6.295 280.7 0.04458
-45.00 10.23 104.9 0.01025 90.00 6.076 251.7 0.04142
-40.00 10.17 103.8 0.01020 95.00 5.916 229.0 0.03871
-35.00 10.13 100.7 0.009942 100.00 5.782 208.9 0.03612
-30.00 10.08 95.31 0.009452 105.00 5.669 192.1 0.03388
-25.00 10.04 90.95 0.009060 110.00 5.581 180.1 0.03227
-20.00 9.996 88.57 0.008860 115.00 5.511 174.5 0.03166
-15.00 9.963 86.41 0.008673 120.00 5.440 169.9 0.03124
-5.00 9.899 87.13 0.008802 125.00 5.363 164.8 0.03073
0.00 9.867 88.41 0.008960 130.00 5.271 162.3 0.03078
5.00 9.840 89.64 0.009110 135.00 5.164 158.0 0.03059
10.00 9.805 92.13 0.009396 140.00 5.039 155.4 0.03085
15.00 9.767 95.50 0.009778 145.00 4.901 152.9 0.03120
20.00 9.718 102.9 0.01059 150.00 4.736 151.1 0.03191
25.00 9.653 114.1 0.01l82 155.00 4.566 149.3 0.03270
30.00 9.562 129.3 0.01352 160.00 4.384 148.9 0.03397
35.00 9.424 153.1 0.01625 165.00 4.207 148.9 0.03539
40.00 9.204 186.9 0.02031 170.00 4.034 150.0 0.03719
45.00 8.912 225.9 0.02535 175.00 3.863 151.9 0.03932
50.00 8.604 261.5 0.03040 180.00 3.684 154.6 0.04196
55.00 8.291 293.1 0.03536 185.00 3.486 158.8 0.04555
60.00 7.946 317.6 0.03997 190.00 3.267 164.6 0.05040
65.00 7.571 332.9 0.04398 195.00 3.009 174.0 0.05782
70.00 7.232 337.8 0.04672 200.00 2.672 181.3 0.06786
75.00 6.894 332.9 0.04828 205.00 2.396 187.1 0.07810

Table 26: Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp IF1 00-12 60% glass fiber filled nylon 612 tested at 0.4%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 26)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 18.08 133.4 0.007381 80.00 12.77 509.3 0.03990

-50.00 18.04 132.6 0.007350 85.00 12.43 484.6 0.03899
-45.00 17.93 140.0 0.007807 90.00 12.10 457.3 0.03780
-40.00 17.82 141.3 0.007929 95.00 11.75 425.2 0.03618
-35.00 17.71 142.3 0.008035 100.00 11.42 395.9 0.03466
-30.00 17.61 130.4 0.007406 105.00 11.10 372.0 0.03351
-25.00 17.56 121.3 0.006907 1l0.00 10.78 354.7 0.03289
-15.00 17.45 108.0 0.006185 115.00 10.48 342.9 0.03273
-10.00 17.39 105.8 0.006082 120.00 10.18 335.0 0.03292
-5.00 17.35 106.2 0.006125 125.00 9.880 329.8 0.03339
0.00 17.29 107.3 0.006204 130.00 9.576 327.4 0.03418
5.00 17.23 108.3 0.006283 135.00 9.268 325.7 0.03514
10.00 17.17 109.7 0.006389 140.00 8.948 323.8 0.03619
15.00 17.10 118.6 0.006938 145.00 8.609 323.6 0.03759
20.00 17.00 129.0 0.007590 150.00 8.270 321.5 0.03887
25.00 16.84 151.2 0.008980 155.00 7.908 320.3 0.04050
30.00 16.65 178.2 0.01070 160.00 7.530 318.4 0.04229
35.00 16.42 209.1 0.01273 165.00 7.150 314.7 0.04401
40.00 16.12 251.2 0.01559 170.00 6.775 311.8 0.04603
45.00 15.71 304.6 0.09139 175.00 6.409 308.3 0.04811
50.00 15.30 358.0 0.02340 180.00 6.038 306.8 0.05081
55.00 14.90 404.9 0.02718 185.00 5.644 305.3 0.05410
60.00 14.40 447.9 0.03112 190.00 5.218 306.7 0.05877
65.00 13.87 483.5 0.03485 195.00 4.781 314.4 0.06578
70.00 13.47 509.8 0.03786 200.00 4.187 325.5 0.07774
75.00 13.12 529.2 0.04035 205.00 3.734 323.6 0.08669

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

62

Graph 27: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lytel 101 L unfilled nylon 66 tested at 0.5% moisture content.

5...,.....--------------------------------r-
Amp11tude(p-p)-1.00 .m
200

\
65.81·C
184.6 MPa I
ttt\(~
1'\
\

\\ !/ !,!\ \\. 78.43·C

0.12
4
\ 23.00.C ! ;\ \ 0.1321
150
\ I j I \,
\ 3.078 6Pa I \ !
\ I ,I I '
\ I
\ \
\'
!
,
\ I , ' 0.10
«l
....,
-60.63·C \
\
f ' ' \ '\
I ,
! rl
III
3.708 GPe \
.1IJ \. /
I I;

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I
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I Q

C
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.
1IJ
, I
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I
\ \ I
, f- 0.08 100
...
\\ \\ / T I
I
I

/ ,L ...!.
i \ '\ /
0.06

/ \
\ ,,
,'----'",/'
50
1
''I., 0.04
' ....
-----------------

-50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300

TelllJlerature (·C)

Graph 28: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lytel CFE4003 unfilled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at 0.5%
moisture content.

~---------------------------------,...140
Amp11tude(p-p)-1.00 . .
-60.60·C 0.16
3.0 66. 35·C
2.857 GPa
\
~ 125.3 MPa I
120 !\
", 23.00·C I \
It
\
\
\
2.061 GPa

\!
79. 14·C
0.1391 "
0.14

100
I IIt\.\ \ i
\
\ I '\ l
\ 0.12
2.0 I «l
....,
\\ I
II I
•
I\
\
\
'
"
,...,

.1IJ
\
\ ! \\ ; o
Ql
80
.
\
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ttl
0.10 w
T
1.5
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T
t-
... I

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i
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\ \
\

./"1
,I I

1 0.08
60
...!.
I
I

i \
\,
'"---------. 40
, 0.06
0.5 i \
''I.
!
i --'''','--...._-----./ 0.04 20

0.01
r----....-~--.--_r_-~-_r_---..,...-~-_._-_r_-~-_r____....___,.-_._-_r_-~---L.O
-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300
TelllPerature (·C) DIotA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 63

Table 27: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 101 L unfilled nylon 66 tested at 0.5% moisture content. (tabular
data for Graph 27)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.705 177.1 0.04780 95.00 0.7836 83.26 0.1063
-55.00 3.671 170.3 0.04639 100.00 0.7302 70.01 0.09587
-50.00 3.624 162.6 0.04487 105.00 0.6909 59.52 0.08614
-45.00 3.572 155.6 0.04354 110.00 0.6616 51.28 0.07751
-40.00 3.514 145.0 0.04126 115.00 0.6376 45.74 0.07173
-35.00 3.459 135.4 0.03915 120.00 0.6179 41.21 0.06668
-30.00 3.408 126.7 0.03718 125.00 0.5989 37.52 0.06266
-25.00 3.360 118.3 0.03521 130.00 0.5831 34.44 0.05907
-20.00 3.320 111.4 0.03356 140.00 0.5562 29.85 0.05367
-15.00 3.288 106.4 0.03237 145.00 0.5437 28.48 0.05238
-10.00 3.263 102.3 0.03136 150.00 0.5317 27.48 0.05167
-5.00 3.236 99.20 0.03065 155.00 0.5206 26.76 0.05140
0.00 3.210 97.00 0.03022 160.00 0.5098 26.20 0.05140
5.00 3.188 95.48 0.02995 165.00 0.4990 25.67 0.05145
10.00 3.160 94.79 0.03000 170.00 0.4882 25.30 0.05183
15.00 3.131 94.57 0.03020 175.00 0.4770 25.08 0.05258
20.00 3.100 95.25 0.03072 180.00 0.4651 24.95 0.05363
25.00 3.060 97.75 0.03194 190.00 0.4419 24.63 0.05573
30.00 3.003 104.1 0.03465 195.00 0.4297 24.51 0.05704
40.00 2.806 128.9 0.04596 200.00 0.4175 24.39 0.05842
45.00 2.649 145.1 0.05477 205.00 0.4050 24.28 0.05996
50.00 2.464 158.9 0.06447 210.00 0.3923 24.23 0.06177
55.00 2.271 170.2 0.07497 215.00 0.3784 24.22 0.06400
60.00 2.059 179.1 0.08702 220.00 0.3641 24.15 0.06633
65.00 1.815 184.2 0.1015 225.00 0.3479 24.12 0.06935
70.00 1.540 181.7 0.1181 230.00 0.3292 23.98 0.07283
75.00 1.286 167.0 0.1299 235.00 0.3088 24.02 0.07780
80.00 1.091 143.6 0.1316 240.00 0.2855 24.28 0.08505
90.00 0.8547 99.68 0.1166 245.00 0.2560 24.50 0.09572

Table 28 Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel CFE4003 unfilled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at 0.5%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 28)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.854 121.6 0.04261 95.00 0.5054 60.04 0.1188
-55.00 2.809 117.6 0.04187 100.00 0.4698 50.74 0.1080
-50.00 2.764 114.9 0.04156 105.00 0.4426 43.45 0.09816
-45.00 2.693 109.9 0.04082 110.00 0.4218 37.71 0.08939
-40.00 2.606 104.0 0.03989 120.00 0.3910 29.82 0.07628
-35.00 2.529 97.76 0.03866 125.00 0.3780 27.07 0.07161
-30.00 2.463 91.70 0.03724 130.00 0.3661 25.07 0.06848
-25.00 2.405 86.10 0.03580 135.00 0.3544 23.54 0.06643
-20.00 2.357 81.31 0.03450 140.00 0.3442 22.45 0.06521
-15.00 2.314 77.34 0.03343 145.00 0.3341 21.53 0.06445
-10.00 2.277 74.04 0.03251 150.00 0.3256 20.85 0.06402
-5.00 2.245 71.31 0.03176 155.00 0.3176 20.24 0.06371
0.00 2.215 68.62 0.03098 160.00 0.3102 19.70 0.06352
5.00 2.185 66.64 0.03050 170.00 0.2958 18.80 0.06358
10.00 2.154 65.57 0.03044 175.00 0.2884 18.40 0.06379
15.00 2.119 65.35 0.03084 180.00 0.2808 18.03 0.06422
20.00 2.082 65.97 0.03168 190.00 0.2645 17.31 0.06547
25.00 2.044 67.44 0.03300 195.00 0.2561 17.00 0.06639
30.00 1.996 70.34 0.03524 200.00 0.2478 16.68 0.06732
40.00 1.855 80.57 0.04344 205.00 0.2396 16.31 0.06809
45.00 1.746 88.84 0.05089 210.00 0.2313 16.04 0.06936
50.00 1.612 97.51 0.06049 215.00 0.2226 15.79 0.07091
55.00 1.458 105.9 0.07265 220.00 0.2131 15.79 0.07408
60.00 1.285 116.7 0.09085 225.00 0.2024 15.81 0.07815
70.00 0.9533 122.5 0.1285 230.00 0.1904 15.73 0.08261
75.00 0.8159 111.7 0.1369 235.00 0.1778 15.64 0.08793
80.00 0.7043 97.95 0.1391 240.00 0.1623 15.67 0.09658
90.00 0.5527 70.46 0.1275 245.00 0.1436 15.82 0.1102

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

64

Graph 29: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST801 unfilled, impact modified nylon 66 tested dryas molded.

2 . 5 . , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : : - - - : - - : - : - - . . , . . 140
Allplltude (poop) -1.25 . .
-60.74·C 78.89·C
2.238 BPe 114.8 MPa t\ f
120
j \ 87.80·C j
2.0
0.1289 10 \ ;
0.12

Iif \\ \\ I
I
III
0.10
100

1.5 I
...
~

1\\ I Ql

.
\
a 80
.UI \ / c
III UI

I
0.08
\\ / I-
'1'
1.0 \ ''-._~/ T 60
I
I
I
\ 1 .!.

0.5
\ 0.06
40
\
',,- .. 0.04
20
0.0
'
------------
-100 -50 o 50 100 1!SO 200 250 300
Tempereture (·e)

Graph 30: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST801 unfilled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at 0.6%
moisture content.

3.0 -r-------------------------------~200
Allplltude (poop) -1.2!5 _
\~.~~
2.837 BPa
2.5 r 0.12
23.00·C
1.8<47 SPe
76.83·C I
0.1192
i 150
2.0
"\ "
\
\
i III
....
0.10
'iii
Cl.
\
\ / .... 'iii
Cl.

.
lP
\ a
~ ~
.
/
\
1.5 \ !53.62·C c
UI \ 100.3 MPa III UI
\
\
l- O.OB 100
...
I
\
\
\ I , /'
/ T I
I
1.0 \ / I "-._----- 1
I

.!.
I
-eo.B2·C \ ~ , 0.06
O.Oeloms '..... ,I

0.5 -+- / 50
\ /
"-"-......_/'/ \"
,
0.04
....
.... _--
0.0
----------------
+----.~~---"'T""-..-_.,r__ ........-_r_---_r_---.-"""T'-........-"T'"'"-~__r--... ...... O
-100 -!SO o !SO 100 1!50 200 250 300
TellPereture (·C) DNA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 65

Table 29: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST801 unfilled, impact modified nylon 66 tested dry as molded. (tab-
ular data for Graph 29)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.233 122.0 0.05467 100.00 0.5408 65.83 0.1217
-50.00 2.079 111.4 0.05358 105.00 0.4733 55.28 0.1168
-45.00 1.999 103.6 0.05184 110.00 0.4188 46.23 0.1104
-40.00 1.922 94.32 0.04908 115.00 0.3791 39.01 0.1029
-35.00 1.857 86.60 0.04664 120.00 0.3521 33.78 0.09591
-30.00 1.800 80.27 0.04459 125.00 0.3324 29.95 0.09009
-25.00 1.747 73.67 0.04217 130.00 0.3175 27.08 0.08529
-20.00 1.703 67.37 0.03956 140.00 0.2935 22.80 0.07767
-10.00 1.650 58.25 0.03529 145.00 0.2841 21.10 0.07426
-5.00 1.635 55.67 0.03405 150.00 0.2751 19.73 0.07172
0.00 1.620 53.78 0.03319 155.00 0.2661 18.69 0.07023
5.00 1.607 52.42 0.03262 160.00 0.2582 17.89 0.06927
10.00 1.595 51.47 0.03227 165.00 0.2514 17.24 0.06859
15.00 1.587 50.97 0.03212 170.00 0.2449 16.76 0.06845
20.00 1.581 50.68 0.03204 175.00 0.2384 16.31 0.06839
25.00 1.572 50.46 0.03211 180.00 0.2314 15.86 0.06856
30.00 1.555 50.76 0.03264 190.00 0.2178 15.15 0.06959
40.00 1.505 54.47 0.03618 195.00 0.2108 14.84 0.07042
45.00 1.476 58.00 0.03930 200.00 0.2037 14.51 0.07124
50.00 1.442 63.30 0.04391 205.00 0.1964 14.23 0.07244
55.00 1.398 71.20 0.05094 210.00 0.1890 14.10 0.07462
60.00 1.351 80.01 0.05925 215.00 0.1814 14.07 0.07757
65.00 1.295 89.71 0.06927 220.00 0.1733 13.90 0.08021
70.00 1.224 100.6 0.08221 225.00 0.1648 13.74 0.08338
75.00 1.117 111.1 0.09945 230.00 0.1554 13.60 0.08755
80.00 0.9722 114.3 0.1176 240.00 0.1337 13.38 0.1000
90.00 0.7130 91.62 0.1285 245.00 0.1201 13.43 0.1119
95.00 0.6206 77.82 0.1254 250.00 0.1038 13.48 0.1299

Table 30 Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel ST801 unfilled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at 0.6% mois-
ture content. (tabular data for Graph 30)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.833 142.0 0.05012 95.00 0.4242 40.35 0.09511
-55.00 2.772 139.6 0.05034 100.00 0.3962 34.56 0.08723
-50.00 2.656 134.4 0.05060 105.00 0.3741 30.26 0.08087
-45.00 2.528 123.6 0.04889 110.00 0.3561 26.98 0.07578
-40.00 2.385 106.1 0.04449 115.00 0.3405 24.52 0.07200
-35.00 2.284 94.01 0.04116 120.00 0.3272 22.72 0.06943
-30.00 2.212 85.97 0.03887 125.00 0.3155 21.37 0.06772
-25.00 2.154 79.35 0.03684 130.00 0.3049 20.28 0.06651
-20.00 2.109 73.85 0.03501 140.00 0.2871 18.81 0.06552
-15.00 2.072 68.97 0.03328 145.00 0.2792 18.23 0.06531
-10.00 2.043 65.48 0.03205 150.00 0.2721 17.76 0.06525
-5.00 2.020 63.84 0.03160 155.00 0.2656 17.33 0.06524
0.00 2.000 63.32 0.03166 160.00 0.2594 16.92 0.06521
5.00 1.977 63.86 0.03229 170.00 0.2479 16.24 0.06551
10.00 1.950 65.82 0.03376 175.00 0.2422 15.92 0.06576
15.00 1.919 68.96 0.03595 180.00 0.2353 15.61 0.06634
20.00 1.877 73.22 0.03902 185.00 0.2290 15.31 0.06686
25.00 1.825 77.96 0.04272 195.00 0.2153 14.79 0.06870
30.00 1.761 82.78 0.04701 200.00 0.2081 14.47 0.06955
40.00 1.589 92.40 0.05817 205.00 0.2007 14.17 0.07061
45.00 1.453 96.49 0.06639 210.00 0.1932 14.02 0.07259
50.00 1.309 99.55 0.07606 215.00 0.1851 13.98 0.07555
55.00 1.174 100.3 0.08548 220.00 0.1766 13.92 0.07882
60.00 1.049 98.50 0.09387 225.00 0.1675 13.80 0.08238
70.00 0.7668 87.65 0.1143 230.00 0.1575 13.70 0.08697
75.00 0.6507 77.43 0.1190 235.00 0.1465 13.60 0.09283
80.00 0.5674 66.98 0.1181 240.00 0.1344 13.57 0.1010
85.00 0.5054 56.98 0.1127 245.00 0.1209 13.65 0.1129

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

66

Graph 31: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 70G13L 13% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.2% moisture
content.

5-------------------------------.....,...
AIlpl1tude (poop) -0.70 _
250

73.05-c
207.7 MPe

I
I,
~/\
\\ \ 79.38·C
0.08 200
4 0.08195
'I \',
'I' \\,\
1 III
' \ ....
.... ~
I I \ '\, GI 0.06 150
.
w 3 I
I
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.
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1 0.04 100 1I

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........
/.

.,./ /
2
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------.:---- -~---j 0.02 50

1+-~___,r----,.-_r--r--T"""""---.~_,..-.....,....-"'T"""-....-___r--,..-.,...-~___,r__--,......... 0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TeNPe~atu~e(.C) DMA v3.18

Graph 32: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 70G33L 33% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.4% moisture
content.

10...,..--------------------------------,-
AIIp 11tude (P-p) -0.40 IlIIl
350
-59.03·C
8.858 GPIi
77.38·C
I
( I~, ,
300.0 MPa
I
300

8
I
I \
\
i 0.06
23.00·C
B.317 SPa I
I
I

~\
\
\
\ ; 250

lil !/
, ,/ ,.~\
~\
87. 14·C
0.05403 i ....co
.... lil
a.
~ 6
. I I '
'~
i a
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::. 0.04
200 •
w
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100
"'...., /I
2
----- ..........'...
'\
'/
",
.....::.:/
50

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300

TellPe~atu~e (·C) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 67

Table 31: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lytel 70G13L 13% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.2% moisture
content. (tabular data for Graph 31)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
85.00 2.198 175.8 0.07997 80.00 2.392 196.2 0.08202
90.00 2.064 156.7 0.07593 100.00 1.863 118.5 0.06359
-60.00 4.581 118.6 0.02589 105.00 1.788 100.3 0.05610
-55.00 4.575 115.9 0.02534 110.00 1.777 92.39 0.05198
-50.00 4.559 111.7 0.02449 115.00 1.714 77.87 0.04544
-45.00 4.533 106.6 0.02351 120.00 1.689 68.34 0.04048
-40.00 4.511 102.8 0.02279 125.00 1.676 62.44 0.03725
-35.00 4.478 96.27 0.02150 130.00 1.660 57.77 0.03479
-30.00 4.447 90.35 0.02032 140.00 1.655 52.84 0.03193
-25.00 4.424 85.73 0.01938 145.00 1.653 51.50 0.03115
-20.00 4.399 82.31 0.01871 150.00 1.663 50.22 0.03019
-15.00 4.383 80.98 0.01848 155.00 1.661 49.93 0.03006
-10.00 4.364 80.42 0.01843 160.00 1.642 50.62 0.03083
-5.00 4.345 80.84 0.01860 165.00 1.639 49.36 0.03012
0.00 4.324 81.25 0.01879 170.00 1.641 49.07 0.02991
5.00 4.300 82.02 0.01907 175.00 1.642 47.98 0.02922
10.00 4.276 83.07 0.01943 180.00 1.634 46.39 0.02838
15.00 4.242 86.22 0.02033 190.00 1.604 43.58 0.02717
20.00 4.210 90.30 0.02145 195.00 1.584 42.73 0.02698
30.00 4.099 106.5 0.02599 200.00 1.563 42.85 0.02742
35.00 4.007 118.1 0.02947 205.00 1.537 43.02 0.02798
40.00 3.914 128.0 0.03270 210.00 1.516 43.37 0.02862
45.00 3.787 138.8 0.03664 215.00 1.489 44.12 0.02963
50.00 3.650 148.7 0.04074 220.00 1.461 44.87 0.03072
55.00 3.496 157.8 0.04514 225.00 1.436 45.26 0.03151
60.00 3.312 171.3 0.05173 230.00 1.397 46.50 0.03329
65.00 3.082 190.0 0.06165 240.00 1.353 45.62 0.03371
70.00 2.824 204.9 0.07255 245.00 1.352 45.27 0.03348

Table 32: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lytel 70G33L 33% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.4% moisture
content. (tabular data for Graph 32)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 8.850 104.7 0.01183 95.00 4.851 253.2 0.05220
-50.00 8.819 103.6 0.01174 100.00 4.691 231.9 0.04942
-45.00 8.774 103.7 0.01181 105.00 4.565 213.9 0.04686
-40.00 8.733 102.7 0.01176 110.00 4.504 201.6 0.04477
-35.00 8.702 99.83 0.01147 115.00 4.494 190.2 0.04233
-30.00 8.671 96.26 0.01110 120.00 4.463 175.7 0.03936
-25.00 8.638 92.62 0.01072 125.00 4.432 156.7 0.03535
-20.00 8.606 86.17 0.01001 130.00 4.378 141.8 0.03238
-15.00 8.574 81.58 0.009515 135.00 4.315 129.1 0.02992
-10.00 8.551 75.17 0.008791 140.00 4.234 118.4 0.02797
-5.00 8.539 69.51 0.008140 145.00 4.178 110.0 0.02633
0.00 8.522 65.31 0.007663 150.00 4.123 105.2 0.02552
5.00 8.503 61.81 0.007269 155.00 4.065 102.4 0.02519
10.00 8.476 61.67 0.007275 160.00 4.006 100.6 0.02510
15.00 8.431 66.98 0.007945 165.00 3.943 99.20 0.02516
20.00 8.366 76.66 0.009164 170.00 3.881 98.74 0.02544
25.00 8.286 87.32 0.01054 175.00 3.814 98.88 0.02592
35.00 8.111 109.8 0.01354 180.00 3.749 99.11 0.02644
40.00 7.971 130.9 0.01643 190.00 3.613 100.5 0.02782
45.00 7.854 147.4 0.01877 195.00 3.542 101.3 0.02860
50.00 7.673 171.5 0.02235 200.00 3.470 102.3 0.02949
55.00 7.424 203.6 0.02743 205.00 3.396 103.2 0.03039
60.00 7.096 242.8 0.03422 210.00 3.316 104.5 0.03152
65.00 6.747 272.1 0.04033 215.00 3.225 106.3 0.03295
70.00 6.391 290.6 0.04548 220.00 3.122 108.5 0.03474
75.00 6.026 299.5 0.04971 225.00 3.001 111.4 0.03711
85.00 5.343 288.0 0.05390 230.00 2.863 116.7 0.04076
90.00 5.065 272.8 0.05387 240.00 2.459 131.3 0.05338

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

 68

Graph 33: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanese 1603-2 40% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.5%
moisture content.

500
AllpUtude (P-p) -o.3!5 _
12 -+--. r
I
I
I
,/ 0.06

,o~
-60.43·C
11.97 SPa {,
23.00·C ~ 82.84·C
0.05388 ,/
400
11.24 SPa II \\\. 1 0.05

'iii
Q.
j I
I
I'
I \\ \ •
, \
I
,
,
....,
....
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8
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I •
\\ ,I
c
.,c 0.04 .
~
UJ
,/ 300
...
, , I • l-

T ,
/I ,
\\ I.
149.6·C
0.02697 I T, I
I
1 I / \ \ / I
6 ' ,
, ' ............/. 1 0.03 ..!.
,I ,I \

\\
j ,..., /
,1/,
/1
,
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\ 0.02
200

4~ ..., \
// \ ,
,.~.
'-r-, /
'---------""
1 143.2·C
158.4 MPa
0.01

2 100
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TalllParature (·C) DNA v3.18

Graph 34: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanese NFX-0102 40% glass bead filled nylon 66 tested at 0.6%
moisture content.

6~-----------------------------T" 250
_11tude (P-p) -0.70 . .
88.97·C ~
228.8 MP8 / 1, \ I
-BO.55·C / ,,\. 77.80·C I' 0.10 200
5.598 SPe I ,\ \ 0.1136
,, J'\ .\ I'
\ 23.00·C
4 \ 4.586 GPe j \ \ i .,
\.\ J \ \ i ....II
~ 0.08
150 'iii
Q.

. '\\,---,,/
j \, \. i C
C
co
.
~
III
UJ
\ \ / I-
...,
I j 0.06
\ \ ,/ T
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I
" 100

2
I \
\\
, / /'
........
/
1 I
..!.

/
1
i \\ 0.04

/ \

j "\....
""._-' /' " ' ....
'-----------------
50

I 0.02

-150 o 50 100 1150 200 300

TelllPereture (-C)
Tabular Data Graphs
 69

Table 33: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanese 1603-2 40% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.5% mois-
ture content. (tabular data for Graph 33)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 11.97 191.6 0.01601 100.00 6.379 276.7 0.04337
-50.00 11.89 179.3 0.01508 105.00 6.234 243.6 0.03908
-45.00 11.85 173.7 0.01466 110.00 6.131 217.1 0.03542
-40.00 11.79 169.7 0.01439 115.00 6.060 198.1 0.03269
-35.00 11.73 163.9 0.01397 120.00 6.008 185.1 0.03081
-30.00 11.68 157.4 0.01348 125.00 5.969 174.9 0.02931
-25.00 11.63 153.5 0.01320 130.00 5.943 168.0 0.02827
-20.00 11.60 149.0 0.01285 140.00 5.900 158.9 0.02693
-10.00 11.56 147.5 0.01276 145.00 5.873 158.4 0.02698
-5.00 11.53 150.2 0.01303 150.00 5.831 157.1 0.02695
0.00 11.49 154.3 0.01343 155.00 5.776 151.2 0.02617
5.00 11.45 160.7 0.01403 160.00 5.709 146.4 0.02564
10.00 11.41 167.6 0.01469 165.00 5.635 143.9 0.02554
15.00 11.35 176.7 0.01557 170.00 5.558 142.6 0.02566
20.00 11.29 187.6 0.01663 175.00 5.474 142.6 0.02605
25.00 11.20 200.4 0.01789 180.00 5.388 142.5 0.02644
30.00 11.09 216.0 0.01947 190.00 5.214 141.7 0.02718
40.00 10.73 253.6 0.02363 195.00 5.123 141.3 0.02758
45.00 10.46 270.9 0.02591 200.00 5.030 141.1 0.02805
50.00 10.16 285.5 0.02809 205.00 4.931 141.3 0.02865
55.00 9.833 301.4 0.03066 210.00 4.829 141.2 0.02925
60.00 9.449 322.7 0.03416 215.00 4.721 141.6 0.02999
65.00 9.009 354.6 0.03936 220.00 4.603 142.7 0.03101
70.00 8.499 386.9 0.04552 225.00 4.471 144.0 0.03221
75.00 8.007 404.4 0.05051 230.00 4.320 146.2 0.03384
80.00 7.535 402.8 0.05345 240.00 3.934 159.6 0.04056
90.00 6.819 352.1 0.05164 245.00 3.675 170.1 0.04629
95.00 6.570 313.7 0.04775 250.00 3.336 182.0 0.05457

Table 34: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanese NFX-0102 40% glass bead filled nylon 66 tested at 0.6%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 34)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 5.595 171.0 0.03056 95.00 1.182 106.8 0.09035
-50.00 5.467 151.8 0.02777 100.00 1.118 91.86 0.08213
-45.00 5.384 143.4 0.02663 105.00 1.069 80.04 0.07490
-40.00 5.296 138.7 0.02618 110.00 1.029 69.34 0.06738
-35.00 5.214 134.0 0.02569 115.00 0.9975 60.55 0.06070
-30.00 5.146 128.5 0.02497 120.00 0.9706 53.83 0.05546
-25.00 5.091 125.1 0.02458 125.00 0.9452 49.22 0.05208
-20.00 5.050 122.8 0.02431 130.00 0.9242 45.68 0.04942
-15.00 5.008 121.9 0.02433 140.00 0.8860 40.62 0.04584
-10.00 4.969 122.0 0.02455 150.00 0.8511 37.90 0.04452
-5.00 4.923 121.7 0.02472 155.00 0.8335 37.19 0.04462
0.00 4.877 122.1 0.02504 160.00 0.8149 36.68 0.04501
5.00 4.827 123.3 0.02554 165.00 0.7966 36.28 0.04554
10.00 4.772 125.0 0.02619 170.00 0.7783 36.20 0.04652
15.00 4.712 128.4 0.02724 175.00 0.7598 36.06 0.04746
20.00 4.637 134.1 0.02892 180.00 0.7405 36.09 0.04874
25.00 4.547 142.0 0.03122 190.00 0.6983 35.88 0.05137
30.00 4.424 153.0 0.03458 195.00 0.6765 35.63 0.05267
40.00 4.067 178.7 0.04394 200.00 0.6550 35.36 0.05398
45.00 3.837 189.9 0.04949 205.00 0.6323 35.11 0.05553
50.00 3.583 199.6 0.05572 210.00 0.6112 34.76 0.05687
55.00 3.289 207.5 0.06309 215.00 0.5874 34.44 0.05863
60.00 2.948 217.0 0.07361 220.00 0.5621 34.08 0.06064
65.00 2.565 227.2 0.08863 225.00 0.5340 33.68 0.06307
70.00 2.187 226.2 0.1034 230.00 0.5038 33.71 0.06691
75.00 1.863 208.7 0.1120 240.00 0.4316 34.46 0.07986
80.00 1.608 182.0 0.1132 245.00 0.3872 35.04 0.09049
90.00 1.281 127.9 0.09983 250.00 0.3334 34.95 0.1049

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

70

Graph 35: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 6122 40% mineral filled nylon 66 tested at 0.5% moisture
content.

B.,---------------------------------... 400

".
AIlpl1tude (P-p) -0.60 _
23.00-C
8.400 SPe 0.14

-60.!58·C
7.383 SPe
I~\ 72.7".C
3e!5.8 MPe
I
i 0.12
6
I :4 i 300
i \\ iI

,
I i \'\ 0.1138
81 • BB·C
I I
/
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0.10
'iii
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i
a
c .
Q.
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\ I ....III 0.08 200 UJ

T \ / i \\ / -..
T I

1 \ . . .- _/ I \ \ ,// I
2
i \ '-.__..// 1 0.06
...!.

i \,' ..
I' ........ 100

-
0.04

o
" ....... ------""
..........
;'
~.;/
~---
-..-....
"
0.02

100 150 300

TellPereture (·C)

Graph 36: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 10840 40% mineral filled nylon 66 tested at 0.2% moisture
content.
10 500
AllPl1tude (P-p) -0.50 lUI
79.B7·C
~ 437.1 MPe

B -60.72·C I
(~(\
, I
89.37·C
0.1049 0.10
400
B.9BO SPe I , I \
I
II
I' I ", \
23.00·C
7.969 SPa
I
I
I ' " 0.08
" I '\ 10
Iii
Q. 6 I I \
I,
\
....CD
~

300 Iii
Q.
~
. I '\ .\ ,, a
.
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0.06
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•
.......
.,/' /
1
T I

0.04
200
I
I
..!.

"~--~
I
/ \
\

2 '---... / \
," 100
-,,------./ '
---------- 0.02

-50 o 100 150 200 300

TelllPereture (·C)
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 71

Table 35: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 6122 40% mineral filled nylon 66 tested at 0.5% moisture con-
tent. (tabular data for Graph 35)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 7.380 241.9 0.03277 100.00 1.911 175.9 0.09201
-50.00 7.258 218.5 0.03010 105.00 1.799 149.5 0.08311
-45.00 7.176 205.9 0.02869 110.00 1.716 129.1 0.07523
-40.00 7.093 195.2 0.02752 115.00 1.652 114.1 0.06906
-35.00 7.008 183.9 0.02624 120.00 1.602 103.3 0.06449
-30.00 6.939 175.6 0.02531 125.00 1.563 95.61 0.06118
-20.00 6.828 160.6 0.02352 130.00 1.530 91.19 0.05960
-15.00 6.778 156.5 0.02309 140.00 1.467 86.42 0.05892
-10.00 6.724 154.9 0.02304 145.00 1.434 83.86 0.05848
-5.00 6.677 154.5 0.02314 150.00 1.398 81.28 0.05814
0.00 6.631 155.3 0.02343 155.00 1.359 78.88 0.05805
5.00 6.582 156.7 0.02380 160.00 1.319 76.90 0.05831
10.00 6.532 159.2 0.02438 165.00 1.278 74.53 0.05834
15.00 6.482 162.4 0.02505 170.00 1.236 73.35 0.05936
20.00 6.429 166.5 0.02590 175.00 1.193 73.25 0.06141
25.00 6.376 171.5 0.02689 180.00 1.149 70.76 0.06159
30.00 6.304 179.2 0.02842 190.00 1.060 67.56 0.06371
40.00 6.055 208.2 0.03439 195.00 1.016 66.09 0.06506
45.00 5.859 227.3 0.03879 200.00 0.9722 64.50 0.06634
50.00 5.610 250.6 0.04467 205.00 0.9284 62.76 0.06760
55.00 5.301 277.7 0.05240 210.00 0.8841 60.65 0.06860
60.00 4.931 307.5 0.06238 215.00 0.8389 58.94 0.07026
65.00 4.481 333.0 0.07434 220.00 0.7913 57.45 0.07260
70.00 3.957 350.6 0.08861 225.00 0.7396 55.39 0.07490
75.00 3.415 353.9 0.1037 230.00 0.6819 53.35 0.07824
80.00 2.941 330.8 0.1125 240.00 0.5457 49.76 0.09120
90.00 2.276 247.7 0.1088 245.00 0.4703 47.26 0.1005
95.00 2.063 208.0 0.1008 250.00 0.3785 43.19 0.1142

Table 36: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 10840 40% mineral filled nylon 66 tested at 0.2% moisture
content. (tabular data for Graph 36)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 8.976 207.5 0.02311 100.00 2.931 278.4 0.09498
-50.00 8.821 195.3 0.02214 105.00 2.717 231.9 0.08536
-45.00 8.742 192.8 0.02205 110.00 2.562 194.8 0.07601
-40.00 8.651 186.4 0.02155 115.00 2.455 165.6 0.06747
-35.00 8.564 180.3 0.02106 120.00 2.367 143.5 0.06063
-30.00 8.480 171.7 0.02025 125.00 2.294 126.3 0.05504
-25.00 8.404 162.4 0.01932 130.00 2.236 111.2 0.04973
-20.00 8.332 153.4 0.01841 140.00 2.125 92.28 0.04343
-15.00 8.272 146.2 0.01767 145.00 2.068 86.59 0.04186
-10.00 8.223 140.6 0.01710 150.00 2.013 82.90 0.04119
-5.00 8.177 138.1 0.01689 155.00 1.961 79.93 0.04076
0.00 8.147 135.1 0.01658 160.00 1.911 77.81 0.04071
5.00 8.119 135.3 0.01667 170.00 1.817 74.68 0.04111
10.00 8.087 136.1 0.01683 175.00 1.770 73.38 0.04146
15.00 8.049 138.3 0.01718 180.00 1.723 72.08 0.04182
20.00 8.001 142.3 0.01778 185.00 1.674 70.67 0.04220
25.00 7.944 147.3 0.01854 190.00 1.625 69.43 0.04273
30.00 7.878 154.0 0.01954 195.00 1.575 67.97 0.04317
40.00 7.647 176.7 0.02311 200.00 1.525 66.83 0.04383
45.00 7.494 191.9 0.02561 205.00 1.476 65.53 0.04440
50.00 7.329 208.3 0.02842 210.00 1.428 64.22 0.04497
55.00 7.107 231.1 0.03253 215.00 1.381 63.27 0.04581
60.00 6.814 263.0 0.03860 220.00 1.331 62.45 0.04692
70.00 5.887 369.0 0.06270 225.00 1.277 61.75 0.04834
75.00 5.288 418.7 0.07919 230.00 1.222 61.00 0.04993
80.00 4.689 437.2 0.09324 240.00 1.100 60.95 0.05542
90.00 3.642 382.2 0.1050 245.00 1.021 62.27 0.06097
95.00 3.239 330.5 0.1020 250.00 0.9417 63.39 0.06733

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

72

Graph 37: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel FE5128 43% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.35%
moisture content.

500
AllpUtude (P-p) -o.sa _
78.B2·C
12
.412.3 MPe ,
• 0.06
,I
-SO. 61·C
~
10
11 .61 BPa
1/ \ \ B2.a·c •I 400
0.08607 I
'II' "\ \
a.oo·c
• O.OS
,I ..,...
10.81 BPa «l
10 " "\ \ 10
a.
~
.w 8 ,.II \, \ . ,/
I
• 0
III

c: 0.04
a.
~
•w
II \\ \' .- «l
300
I •
\\ \ , I 'T'

I 6
II
,f/,
1/
I •
\
\

,
\
\ ..... ././
,/ T,
1 0.03
I
I
I
..!.

I , \
\
II
I ,
\
\ 200
0.02
4
if
"',
\
\
\
LY \
/.,/. ' ....
~-_ .
' .......- - /
./ "' ..... _------- "
0.01

2 100
-100 -80 0 80 100 180 200 280 300
TellPerature (·C) DNA v3.18

Graph 38: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 11 C40 40% mineral filled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at
0.5% moisture content.

B~------------------------------...,-400
AlIIpl1tude (P-p) -0.60 _
0.16
-60.56·C 65.41·C 1
6.2B3 GPa 335.4 MPa ,
i\ I 0.14
I ,
6 I \ "
II ,\ J' 300

I
I !:'t\I ' 76.71·C /' 0.12
23.00·C
I . 1\ 0.1256 ..,..."'
'iii
n.
5.684 GPa
I I \" i III
10
n.
.
I • I •
0 ~
~
.IJJ 4
I
/ I \', I \
I
•
c:
0.10
I \ • / .-ell 200
IJJ

, /' \ 'T'

I \" . . . .-.. /! ii \\ // T I
0.08 I
I
I

2
"---- i \\ """'- f
./. 1
0.06
..!.

i \' 100
/
...........
--.....---- 0.04

o .........
------_./
/ .... ,-~

"- .... -
........
0.02

_1.... i 0--r--'"Td---.---5r-O-.....'--_·;~ 1-r50-~

0-0---..-·__-Sr- 200· 250 300
0
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 73

Table 37: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel FE5128 43% glass fiber filled nylon 66 tested at 0.35% moisture
content. (tabular data for Graph 37)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 11.62 136.0 0.01171 100.00 6.106 282.3 0.04623
-50.00 11.54 124.4 0.01078 105.00 5.964 254.1 0.04260
-45.00 11.47 125.4 0.01093 110.00 5.863 225.4 0.03844
-40.00 11.39 128.0 0.01124 115.00 5.800 204.3 0.03522
-35.00 11.33 127.4 0.01124 120.00 5.760 189.2 0.03285
-30.00 11.28 126.4 0.01121 125.00 5.732 175.5 0.03061
-25.00 11.23 128.7 0.01146 130.00 5.712 164.9 0.02886
-15.00 11.14 137.3 0.01232 140.00 5.687 157.4 0.02769
-10.00 11.10 142.9 0.01287 145.00 5.661 150.7 0.02662
-5.00 11.06 149.9 0.01355 150.00 5.611 143.4 0.02556
0.00 11.02 156.6 0.01420 155.00 5.546 139.7 0.02518
5.00 10.99 162.9 0.01483 160.00 5.473 138.0 0.02521
10.00 10.95 168.4 0.01538 165.00 5.398 137.5 0.02546
15.00 10.90 174.4 0.01599 170.00 5.323 137.1 0.02575
20.00 10.89 180.0 0.01658 175.00 5.250 137.2 0.02614
25.00 10.78 188.9 0.01752 180.00 5.174 137.8 0.02663
30.00 10.68 201.6 0.01887 190.00 5.013 139.6 0.02785
40.00 10.40 227.6 0.02188 195.00 4.930 141.0 0.02861
45.00 10.20 245.7 0.02409 200.00 4.845 142.6 0.02943
50.00 9.939 267.9 0.02696 205.00 4.758 144.1 0.03028
55.00 9.613 294.6 0.03065 210.00 4.667 145.8 0.03124
60.00 9.215 324.5 0.03522 215.00 4.569 147.9 0.03237
65.00 8.743 364.7 0.04172 220.00 4.466 149.9 0.03357
70.00 8.221 398.7 0.04850 225.00 4.351 152.7 0.03509
75.00 7.708 412.2 0.05349 230.00 4.212 156.4 0.03713
80.00 7.251 405.2 0.05589 240.00 3.893 167.0 0.04290
90.00 6.519 347.6 0.05332 245.00 3.677 176.6 0.04803
95.00 6.275 313.0 0.04988 250.00 3.430 184.8 0.05388

Table 38: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 11 C40 40% mineral filled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at
0.5% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 38)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.281 193.9 0.03087 95.00 1.514 147.0 0.09714
-55.00 6.252 186.0 0.02976 100.00 1.438 127.0 0.08835
-50.00 6.203 176.3 0.02842 105.00 1.388 112.5 0.08109
-45.00 6.150 169.1 0.02750 110.00 1.354 102.5 0.07569
-40.00 6.095 161.7 0.02654 115.00 1.327 95.70 0.07214
-35.00 6.043 156.8 0.02594 120.00 1.303 91.01 0.06983
-30.00 5.997 153.5 0.02559 125.00 1.282 86.83 0.06771
-25.00 5.960 150.7 0.02528 130.00 1.260 84.12 0.06676
-20.00 5.934 147.5 0.02486 135.00 1.238 80.54 0.06505
-15.00 5.918 145.2 0.02454 140.00 1.216 78.39 0.06447
-10.00 5.906 142.9 0.02419 145.00 1.191 76.52 0.06423
-5.00 5.892 139.9 0.02375 150.00 1.163 74.33 0.06389
0.00 5.874 137.5 0.02341 155.00 1.131 71.19 0.06296
5.00 5.851 136.5 0.02333 160.00 1.094 69.43 0.06346
10.00 5.824 137.0 0.02352 170.00 1.012 67.01 0.06621
15.00 5.788 139.4 0.02409 175.00 0.9692 64.70 0.06676
20.00 5.734 146.2 0.02550 180.00 0.9248 63.25 0.06840
25.00 5.642 160.3 0.02841 190.00 0.8341 59.42 0.07123
30.00 5.518 177.9 0.03224 195.00 0.7886 57.61 0.07306
40.00 5.145 212.9 0.04138 200.00 0.7427 56.11 0.07555
45.00 4.845 235.1 0.04854 205.00 0.6959 53.88 0.07743
50.00 4.556 262.8 0.05769 210.00 0.6472 51.87 0.08016
55.00 4.225 290.3 0.06871 215.00 0.5962 49.74 0.08342
60.00 3.766 321.9 0.08552 220.00 0.5440 47.44 0.08721
70.00 2.732 322.0 0.1179 225.00 0.4867 45.31 0.09309
75.00 2.315 289.3 0.1250 230.00 0.4259 42.88 0.1007
80.00 2.000 248.3 0.1242 240.00 0.3100 36.92 0.1191
90.00 1.622 173.7 0.1071 245.00 0.2426 32.85 0.1355

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

74

Graph 39: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 12T 40% mineral filled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at
0.6% moisture content.

8
AIlpUtude (P-p) -0.70 lUI
300
-60.60·C
6.228 GPe
-f;
I \
I \
67.ag·C
I \ 292.9 MPe
I
~
I \
6 I I
I \ I
250
, I ' I 0.15
II
r\
'I I
\
\
\
\ II / I
.J ..,...
III

,I
\ 23.00·C 77.50·C 200 'iii
'ia \ "
a. / \\' 0.1344 0.

.
Ql
\ 5.1<45 SPe a ~
~
. 4 \
\
I "
/ c
UJ \
\
J \\
,\ / ....III 0.10
UJ

'\ .\
\ I "
'T

I
150
\
\ ,I T t
" '-....._-" i ,
I

._.-
I
I
I
/
2
/

i \ \
\',
\

./
,/
,
1 ..!.
\ 100
/ \
\ 0.05
/ ...
'-
-...... _---- --
'" .. / / ......

---------- .....
50
0
.~-._

-
0
-100 -50 0 50 100 USO 200 250 300
Tellpereture (·C) DMA v3. i8

Graph 40: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 82G33L 33% glass fiber filled, impact modified nylon 6/66
tested at 0.2% moisture content.
 75

Table 39: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Minion 12T 40% mineral filled, impact modified nylon 66 tested at
0.6% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 39)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 6.225 233.5 0.03751 95.00 1.208 119.5 0.9898

-50.00 6.092 214.7 0.03524 100.00 1.146 100.7 0.08785
-45.00 5.976 199.8 0.03344 105.00 1.103 87.35 0.07921
-40.00 5.871 187.0 0.03186 110.00 1.070 77.26 0.07218
-35.00 5.773 174.5 0.03022 115.00 1.043 70.23 0.06731
-30.00 5.682 162.0 0.02852 120.00 1.018 65.18 0.06399
-25.00 5.606 151.8 0.02708 125.00 0.9950 61.31 0.06161
-20.00 5.536 142.8 0.02580 130.00 0.9733 58.97 0.06059
-15.00 5.483 135.7 0.02474 140.00 0.9259 55.60 0.06005
-10.00 5.438 130.3 0.02397 145.00 0.8989 54.66 0.06080
-5.00 5.398 125.8 0.02330 150.00 0.8716 53.67 0.06158
0.00 5.361 123.0 0.02295 155.00 0.8428 52.28 0.06203
5.00 5.322 121.4 0.02282 160.00 0.8107 51.01 0.06293
10.00 5.282 120.8 0.02287 165.00 0.7781 49.76 0.06395
15.00 5.236 121.4 0.02319 170.00 0.7445 48.29 0.06486
20.00 5.185 125.3 0.02416 175.00 0.7099 46.84 0.06598
25.00 5.113 133.7 0.02614 180.00 0.6752 45.42 0.06727
30.00 4.999 148.5 0.02971 190.00 0.6050 42.53 0.07029
40.00 4.581 190.9 0.04167 195.00 0.5698 41.18 0.07227
45.00 4.299 210.1 0.04889 200.00 0.5330 39.66 0.07440
50.00 4.007 229.2 0.05720 205.00 0.4974 38.36 0.07713
55.00 3.669 250.3 0.06822 210.00 0.4613 36.98 0.08017
60.00 3.291 270.5 0.08222 215.00 0.4246 35.52 0.08367
65.00 2.857 289.3 0.1013 220.00 0.3861 34.02 0.08812
70.00 2.387 289.5 0.1213 225.00 0.3454 32.68 0.09462
75.00 1.963 261.1 0.1330 230.00 0.3055 31.04 0.1016
80.00 1.650 219.1 0.1328 240.00 0.2273 27.57 0.1213
90.00 1.298 144.9 0.1116 245.00 0.1835 25.41 0.1385

Table 40: Storage and loss properties for DuPont lytel 82G33L 33% glass fiber filled, impact modified nylon 6/66 tested
at 0.2% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 40)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 5.736 114.3 0.01992 85.00 3.120 204.5 0.06555

-50.00 5.715 112.5 0.01968 90.00 2.997 187.6 0.06258
-45.00 5.688 112.2 0.01973 95.00 2.873 166.4 0.05793
-40.00 5.665 112.6 0.01988 100.00 2.755 144.7 0.05252
-35.00 5.648 111.7 0.01978 105.00 2.685 129.7 0.04832
-30.00 5.637 111.8 0.01982 110.00 2.627 117.1 0.04459
-25.00 5.628 112.0 0.01990 115.00 2.584 107.0 0.04140
-20.00 5.611 111.6 0.01989 120.00 2.546 99.23 0.03897
-15.00 5.588 110.6 0.01979 125.00 2.503 93.02 0.03716
-10.00 5.564 108.7 0.01954 130.00 2.461 87.93 0.03573
-5.00 5.550 107.7 0.01941 135.00 2.424 83.75 0.03455
0.00 5.531 109.1 0.01973 140.00 2.388 80.70 0.03379
5.00 5.503 113.4 0.02060 145.00 2.348 78.05 0.03324
10.00 5.458 121.9 0.02233 150.00 2.305 75.85 0.03291
15.00 5.399 133.4 0.02471 155.00 2.253 74.02 0.03285
20.00 5.310 151.9 0.02860 160.00 2.207 71.82 0.03254
25.00 5.190 176.0 0.03392 165.00 2.161 70.04 0.03241
30.00 5.043 204.0 0.04045 170.00 2.114 68.68 0.03249
35.00 4.975 218.6 0.04393 175.00 2.065 67.64 0.03275
40.00 4.891 231.6 0.04734 180.00 2.007 67.02 0.03339
45.00 4.773 246.3 0.05161 185.00 1.943 66.65 0.03430
50.00 4.590 262.9 0.05729 190.00 1.874 66.27 0.03536
55.00 4.339 275.9 0.06358 195.00 1.784 66.80 0.03746
60.00 4.042 279.8 0.06924 200.00 1.681 67.49 0.04016
65.00 3.788 273.2 0.07212 205.00 1.509 70.88 0.04699
70.00 3.583 261.9 0.07311 210.00 1.217 72.06 0.05923
75.00 3.406 244.5 0.07180 215.00 0.9421 67.99 0.07224
80.00 3.248 224.8 0.06923

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

76

Graph 41: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 72G33L 33% glass fiber filled nylon 6/66 tested at 0.4% mois-
ture content.

10 SOO
Allp11 tude (P-p) -0.40 _
-59.0S-C
S.!5B2 SPe 64.5O·C
416.2 MPe

8 I
I
-r \
I i•
0.10
400

23.00·C ( \ I
I•
S.l36 BPe I
\
\
70.35·C
./ ell
0.08
ftj'
c.. 6
I
0.073.c!5 •
I ....
4J
Q) 300 'iO
c..
~
.
W
I
I,
I"*" \\"
I ~\" .I a
c.
...
III
.
~
w
II
I
, I 0.06
7

I 4 'I I.I
/ I
I
I
,
\
/
i
, .
T
1 0.04
200
I
I
I
.1
I •
'\.,~---~/ . /
" ............ ,/ '/ _---------"""
'... /
----___
......
2 ......_ _ - - ' / I
100
0.02
, /
/

O+--.......- - r - -.......- - r - -.......-....,....-.......-....,....-.......-....,....-.......--r-.......--r-.....,...-.....,...... 0

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 300
't:1lIllQftr.-.t.ure C~C) DNA v3.iS

Graph 42: Storage and loss properties for LNP Verton RF700-10EM 50% long glass fiber filled nylon 6/66 tested at 1%
moisture content.

16 500
AIIp 11 tude (P-p) -0.30 _
70.51-C
..;t-
449. 4 MPa 0.05

14 -59.1S·C I'I \\\. 76.09·C

I,
II "\.
14.91 BPa 0.04943
\

II \ \.
I, 400
23.00·C \
0.04
12 13.71 BPa I ,
II
\ \. I \ co
ftj'
c..
,I ' \ \ ,I \
....
+J
'iO
\ .!
Ql

~
I •
, / \ a
.
'"
\
1/ /' c: 0.03
UI
10
I •
II
\
.,._/.
\
\
\
...co 300
w
7

I T.
I. \ I
,.
II \
\
\
I
I

8 I.
1/ \
\
,,
\
1 0.02 ..!.

'\::.---....
......, ..........._, /'l
I
I 0.01
200

6
" "'\. /'
'--'"
4 100
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 2 0
TellPerature (·C) DNA v3.iS

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 77

Table 41: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel 72G33L 33% glass fiber filled nylon 6/66 tested at 0.4% mois-
ture content. (tabular data for Graph 41)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 8.565 126.2 0.01474 85.00 4.570 304.7 0.06667
-50.00 8.549 121.3 0.01419 90.00 4.402 266.7 0.06058
-45.00 8.532 116.7 0.01368 95.00 4.266 233.9 0.05483
-40.00 8.500 113.5 0.01335 100.00 4.156 203.2 0.04889
-35.00 8.461 110.4 0.01305 105.00 4.076 178.1 0.04370
-30.00 8.426 107.1 0.01271 110.00 4.006 157.1 0.03921
-25.00 8.406 101.8 0.01211 115.00 3.959 141.4 0.03573
-20.00 8.399 96.00 0.01143 120.00 3.915 129.7 0.03314
-15.00 8.390 91.80 0.01094 125.00 3.876 120.9 0.03119
-10.00 8.380 89.30 0.01066 130.00 3.842 114.8 0.02987
-5.00 8.368 87.99 0.01051 135.00 3.807 111.3 0.02925
0.00 8.354 89.07 0.01066 140.00 3.761 109.3 0.02906
5.00 8.338 90.66 0.01087 145.00 3.711 108.2 0.02916
10.00 8.314 94.08 0.01132 150.00 3.660 107.6 0.02938
15.00 8.266 104.2 0.01260 155.00 3.607 107.3 0.02975
20.00 8.188 119.8 0.01463 160.00 3.547 108.1 0.03046
25.00 8.108 134.8 0.01663 165.00 3.482 108.7 0.03123
30.00 8.030 151.1 0.01882 170.00 3.410 109.9 0.03222
35.00 7.924 174.6 0.02204 175.00 3.332 111.1 0.03334
40.00 7.781 203.0 0.02610 180.00 3.249 112.3 0.03455
45.00 7.586 240.1 0.03165 185.00 3.157 113.8 0.03606
50.00 7.309 289.6 0.03962 190.00 3.053 115.4 0.03781
55.00 6.929 345.5 0.04987 195.00 2.933 117.4 0.04002
60.00 6.463 400.6 0.06199 200.00 2.792 119.6 0.04285
65.00 5.955 416.4 0.06994 205.00 2.607 122.9 0.04713
70.00 5.494 403.0 0.07336 210.00 2.323 126.9 0.05466
75.00 5.081 369.8 0.07278 215.00 2.017 127.4 0.06317
80.00 4.790 336.8 0.07032 220.00 1.623 125.8 0.07756

Table 42: Storage and loss properties for LNP Verton RF700-10EM 50% long glass fiber filled nylon 6/66 tested at 1%
moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 42)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 14.88 187.2 0.01258 80.00 8.614 421.9 0.04898
-50.00 14.82 181.7 0.01226 85.00 8.291 388.5 0.04685
-45.00 14.77 176.3 O.oI193 90.00 8.025 351.9 0.04385
-40.00 14.73 171.7 0.01166 95.00 7.817 315.9 0.04041
-35.00 14.69 164.2 0.01118 100.00 7.669 283.6 0.03698
-30.00 14.64 156.8 0.01071 105.00 7.573 261.3 0.03450
-25.00 14.60 149.7 0.01025 110.00 7.500 241.4 0.03219
-20.00 14.56 143.6 0.009866 115.00 7.442 225.4 0.03029
-15.00 14.55 138.8 0.009545 120.00 7.397 215.4 0.02912
-10.00 14.52 137.7 0.009481 125.00 7.348 207.3 0.02822
-5.00 14.48 137.7 0.009510 130.00 7.294 200.0 0.02742
0.00 14.43 142.7 0.009892 135.00 7.235 193.8 0.02679
5.00 14.34 155.4 0.01084 140.00 7.166 189.4 0.02642
10.00 14.22 173.7 0.01222 145.00 7.086 186.0 0.02624
15.00 14.04 195.5 0.01392 150.00 6.994 183.9 0.02630
20.00 13.85 216.8 0.01565 155.00 6.894 181.5 0.02632
25.00 13.61 239.9 0.01763 160.00 6.781 180.9 0.02668
30.00 13.33 262.5 0.01969 165.00 6.660 179.9 0.02702
35.00 13.03 286.7 0.02201 170.00 6.529 179.1 0.02743
40.00 12.65 312.2 0.02468 175.00 6.385 179.5 0.02812
45.00 12.19 338.0 0.02773 180.00 6.228 179.0 0.02874
50.00 11.68 361.1 0.03091 185.00 6.053 179.7 0.02969
55.00 11.15 385.1 0.03453 190.00 5.866 180.5 0.03077
60.00 10.60 413.9 0.03904 195.00 5.663 181.3 0.03201
65.00 10.03 438.8 0.04375 200.00 5.441 182.9 0.03361
70.00 9.497 448.8 0.04726 205.00 5.202 183.7 0.03531
75.00 9.015 444.7 0.04933

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

78

Graph 43: Storage and loss properties for Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Reny 1032 60% glass fiber filled nylon MXD6.

20 .......------------------------------~ 1000
AIlpl1tude (P-p) 000.20 _

+--------
-eo.10·C
,7l\
1;"1\
\
121.9·C 1
0.08

18.79 6Pe 23.00·C

17.83 SPa
{ I \'\ 0.07717 J' BOO
" \
15
,! \\ j
U3.l5·C
917.6 MPa I.
I \ '\
\ I' 0.06
....III
,:t'
'II.
\'\ \
\\ . \. . ; - j'
I' .... 600 'iD
.!
Gl
a
1/ \-. c., ILl
10 ,. \ I-
...
I Ii \ T 0.04 I
I

,
f/"
II
I
1 400 I
J..

f'

5 I
If I
0.02
1 ,
/1 200

---,---,..-----, ..__
,J,I' /

----------- _---,,/
.-----'" ......
,,--',

O+-.......--,..-----r--,.,-.....,--......,r---r---r--..---T'""""-......--r--~-_r---~ ...... 0
-100 -150 0 150 100 150 200 250 300
TalllPerature (·C) DMA v3. 18

Graph 44: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grivory 5H 50% glass fiber filled nylon, aromatic copolymer tested at
0.3% moisture content.

1 4 - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , . . 800
-60. 44·C Amp11tude(p-p)-0.2l5 mm
12.42 GPII 91.21·C
610.4 MPII
12 ;'k-, 0.08
, \ 96.98·C
23.00·C A·
'f \ \
0.08082 600
11.88 SPa I \ •
10 if" \
\\ \, III
.... 0.06
iii
a. ,, \\ \. ....
a
ell
iii
a.
S
.ILl I'
II
\
\
\
\
\. /'
/ c
III
.
~
UJ
8
"If
\
\
".,
"'---_.- J ' l- 400
...
I 6
if"
/'
U
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
T•
1
0.04 I
I
I
J..

/ ..
\

'"' 0.02
200
'1
------..,-----
_- ---... .,.....----------- /'
4 /;
-. , 1
......
'_ J
.....
..... _--- ----"~ 0.00

2 0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 .250 300
Temperature (·e) DMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 79

Table 43: Storage and loss properties for Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Reny 1032 60% glass fiber filled nylon MXD6.
(tabular data for Graph 43)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
80.00 17.07 167.5 0.009813 90.00 16.87 263.6 0.01562
85.00 17.02 206.2 0.01211 95.00 16.66 395.9 0.02377
-60.00 18.79 92.72 0.004933 100.00 16.04 591.4 0.03687
-55.00 18.77 94.97 0.005059 105.00 15.01 789.7 0.05262
-50.00 18.75 91.77 0.004895 1l0.00 13.73 901.7 0.06570
-45.00 18.72 96.39 0.005150 115.00 12.45 913.1 0.07332
-40.00 18.67 100.1 0.005363 120.00 11.26 866.4 0.07696
-35.00 18.61 101.9 0.005475 125.00 10.29 783.1 0.07610
-30.00 18.56 106.0 0.005713 130.00 9.658 689.2 0.07135
-25.00 18.50 1l0.9 0.005996 135.00 9.216 607.2 0.06588
-20.00 18.43 116.2 0.006303 140.00 8.943 549.3 0.06142
-15.00 18.35 118.1 0.006435 145.00 8.719 506.1 0.05804
-10.00 18.25 120.5 0.006603 150.00 8.512 469.3 0.05514
-5.00 18.12 122.7 0.006773 155.00 8.337 436.8 0.05240
0.00 18.03 117.8 0.006532 160.00 8.200 412.9 0.05035
5.00 17.98 119.5 0.006644 165.00 8.049 395.9 0.04918
10.00 17.91 114.6 0.006400 170.00 7.883 381.6 0.04841
20.00 17.85 107.5 0.006020 175.00 7.704 371.1 0.04817
25.00 17.81 107.5 0.006039 180.00 7.525 361.5 0.04803
30.00 17.73 107.6 0.006069 185.00 7.321 354.0 0.04836
35.00 17.67 1l0.0 0.006222 190.00 7.094 349.1 0.04921
40.00 17.60 113.9 0.006472 195.00 6.893 342.4 0.04967
45.00 17.51 115.9 0.006620 200.00 6.652 341.7 0.05137
50.00 17.45 120.8 0.006921 205.00 6.408 341.7 0.05332
55.00 17.37 119.2 0.006864 210.00 6.116 342.7 0.05603
60.00 17.32 125.1 0.007225 215.00 5.782 343.3 0.05938
65.00 17.30 132.6 0.007663 220.00 5.377 344.4 0.06405
70.00 17.19 137.0 0.007970 225.00 4.739 342.0 0.07217
75.00 17.19 150.1 0.008735

Table 44: Storage and loss properties for EMS Grivory 5H 50% glass fiber filled nylon, aromatic copolymer tested at
0.3% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 44)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 12.42 113.0 0.009102 80.00 9.505 496.9 0.05228
-55.00 12.40 107.1 0.008639 85.00 8.827 573.1 0.06493
-50.00 12.35 101.8 0.008238 90.00 8.108 609.4 0.07517
-45.00 12.33 95.97 0.007785 95.00 7.400 594.8 0.08039
-40.00 12.28 90.08 0.007333 100.00 6.883 551.9 0.08018
-35.00 12.23 84.79 0.006931 105.00 6.433 496.6 0.07720
-30.00 12.17 79.79 0.006555 1l0.00 6.088 442.6 0.07269
-25.00 12.14 70.97 0.005849 115.00 5.832 396.7 0.06802
-20.00 12.12 64.77 0.005344 120.00 5.628 357.9 0.06359
-15.00 12.10 58.46 0.004833 125.00 5.453 320.3 0.05873
-10.00 12.08 55.26 0.004575 130.00 5.314 288.6 0.05431
-5.00 12.05 54.17 0.004494 135.00 5.202 263.2 0.05060
0.00 12.02 56.68 0.004717 140.00 5.120 243.1 0.04748
5.00 11.98 60.03 0.005009 145.00 5.048 224.5 0.04448
10.00 11.95 63.17 0.005284 150.00 4.971 217.0 0.04366
15.00 11.92 66.66 0.005591 155.00 4.890 208.6 0.04265
20.00 11.90 69.25 0.005821 160.00 4.812 203.5 0.04230
25.00 11.87 72.90 0.006143 165.00 4.727 200.2 0.04235
30.00 11.83 76.99 0.006505 170.00 4.634 197.7 0.04266
35.00 11.80 81.43 0.006903 175.00 4.541 194.9 0.04292
40.00 11.74 93.99 0.008003 180.00 4.442 193.0 0.04346
45.00 11.66 112.7 0.009665 185.00 4.334 191.0 0.04407
50.00 11.56 139.1 0.01203 190.00 4.220 184.9 0.04381
55.00 11.42 171.7 0.01504 195.00 4.098 186.5 0.04552
60.00 11.21 208.7 0.01862 200.00 3.975 184.6 0.04645
65.00 10.93 257.1 0.02352 205.00 3.851 182.7 0.04744
70.00 10.56 321.3 0.03043 210.00 3.719 181.5 0.04881
75.00 10.08 407.1 0.04041 215.00 3.579 181.3 0.05065

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

80

Graph 45: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel HTN51G35HSL 35% glass fiber filled nylon, partially aromatic.

BOO
_11tude (P-P) -0.315 _
12 23.00-0
10 . . . . . .
1..... 0-0 .l.
83l5.0 . . . I

10 -!J8.38-o it I I

11.!IO . . I \
\
\ I
I 0.15...L- 600
\
\
\ ,f
8 ....,III ~
,I
\
G \\ ..... Ii
n. a.
.
Ql

,I .?;
S \ 0
\ c
,I
ILl \ III UJ
6 0.10-i- 400
\\ l-
7

I
I
I ~ \ .rJ T I
I
I
I
II 'I \ \\ 1 ... J..
I I . I,
,/
I \'
I I .\

I I \\ 0.05-i- 200
2
-..-................ "
/' I '~'
....- ....."
,...-.. /, 152 0-0 .
-------------' • 0.08409
+,
0 - --------------~/
....--

0
-100 -eo 0 !SO 100 l!SO 200 2!10 300
TellPereture (-0) DMA v3.18

Graph 46: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 141 R unfilled polycarbonate (PC).

4-..------------------------------~ 500
Allpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 _

-60.70·C 1- 19.1-0
3.006 GPe 1151.7-0 1\+ 2.0015 2.0 400
3 428.15 MPa
111\
11,\ W·
III I

Il. '\ •I
I V
II .I III
...., 1.5 300
1I I \'V
rl G

.!
OJ
23.00·C o
2.524 SPe
! IIft
I
C
III
f-
ILl

T 1.0 200 7
I
01
T
1 1
II II,I
I 1\ 1
J
I
J..

,I
'II
, I 0.5 100
....-_ I' I
" - " _ . / \
o
_------- -.. . . . ----..
------------------------
--~-
--.,./
I' \\.
0.0 o

-100 -!SO o eo 100 ll50 200

TellPereture (·C) DNA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 81

Table 45 Storage and loss properties for DuPont Zytel HTN51 G35HSL 35% glass fiber filled nylon, partially aromatic.
(tabular data for Graph 45)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 11.49 160.7 0.01398 120.00 10.31 182.7 0.01773

-50.00 11.46 159.1 0.01389 125.00 10.22 239.2 0.02341
-45.00 11.41 156.1 0.01368 130.00 9.964 352.8 0.03541
-40.00 11.36 11.36 0.01352 140.00 8.714 622.6 0.07146
-30.00 11.21 145.2 0.01295 150.00 7.134 597.8 0.08380
-25.00 lLl5 141.5 0.01269 155.00 6.452 539.6 0.08363
-20.00 lLlO 135.6 0.01221 160.00 5.920 481.9 0.08141
-15.00 11.06 129.9 0.01175 165.00 5.510 421.5 0.07650
-10.00 11.02 125.2 0.01136 170.00 5.207 366.2 0.07032
-5.00 10.98 122.2 0.01113 180.00 4.799 282.0 0.05877
0.00 10.95 120.2 0.01098 185.00 4.656 252.2 0.05417
5.00 10.92 118.8 0.01088 190.00 4.520 227.2 0.05025
10.00 10.89 118.5 0.01088 195.00 4.391 207.2 0.04718
20.00 10.85 115.5 0.01065 200.00 4.267 192.7 0.04517
25.00 10.84 113.5 0.01048 205.00 4.145 182.6 0.04406
30.00 10.81 113.7 0.01051 210.00 4.018 174.8 0.04351
40.00 10.74 117.5 0.01094 215.00 3.883 169.0 0.04352
50.00 10.69 113.3 0.01060 220.00 3.740 164.4 0.04397
55.00 10.67 111.7 0.01048 225.00 3.589 160.5 0.04474
60.00 10.63 111.9 0.01052 240.00 3.057 151.2 0.04947
65.00 10.59 113.0 0.01067 245.00 2.871 148.6 0.05175
70.00 10.55 115.5 0.01096 250.00 2.694 146.3 0.05430
80.00 10.46 123.2 0.01178 255.00 2.462 145.9 0.05928
90.00 10.40 130.0 0.01251 260.00 2.088 152.6 0.07311
95.00 10.38 132.5 0.01276 270.00 1.601 135.0 0.08432
100.00 10.36 134.7 0.01300 275.00 Ll54 122.3 0.1061
110.00 10.34 145.1 0.01403 280.00 0.7355 92.53 0.1259
115.00 10.33 157.5 0.01524 285.00 0.4295 62.67 0.1462

Table 46: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 141R unfilled polycarbonate (PC).
(tabular data for Graph 46)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 3.004 87.18 0.02902 60.00 2.384 33.47 0.01404

-55.00 2.980 83.78 0.02811 65.00 2.353 34.86 0.01482
-50.00 2.943 80.57 0.02738 70.00 2.319 36.47 0.01573
-45.00 2.901 78.27 0.02698 75.00 2.282 38.48 0.01686
-40.00 2.843 74.55 0.02622 80.00 2.245 40.46 0.01802
-35.00 2.791 71.35 0.02557 85.00 2.215 42.02 0.01897
-30.00 2.739 68.23 0.02491 90.00 2.190 43.92 0.02005
-25.00 2.685 64.67 0.02409 95.00 2.168 46.06 0.02125
-20.00 2.643 61.86 0.02340 100.00 2.148 48.35 0.02250
-15.00 2.614 58.84 0.02251 105.00 2.132 50.82 0.02384
-10.00 2.592 55.44 0.02139 110.00 2.116 53.72 0.02539
-5.00 2.573 51.80 0.02014 115.00 2.100 56.78 0.02704
0.00 2.560 48.50 0.01894 120.00 2.082 60.70 0.02916
5.00 2.550 45.75 0.01794 125.00 2.057 66.83 0.03249
10.00 2.541 43.26 0.01702 130.00 2.023 76.96 0.03804
15.00 2.537 40.58 0.01600 135.00 1.970 94.44 0.04795
20.00 2.530 38.07 0.01505 140.00 1.874 125.8 0.06715
25.00 2.519 35.88 0.01424 145.00 1.621 194.1 0.1198
30.00 2.507 34.35 0.01371 150.00 1.035 364.4 0.3547
35.00 2.493 33.02 0.01324 155.00 0.2082 293.3 1.432
40.00 2.474 32.08 0.01297 160.00 0.02897 51.96 1.789
45.00 2.454 31.82 0.01297 165.00 0.01517 19.91 1.312
50.00 2.433 31.88 0.01310 170.00 0.009014 15.04 1.671
55.00 2.411 32.41 0.01344 175.00 0.006980 13.41 1.921

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

82

Graph 47: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers PC429MMH 1-200 unfilled polycarbonate (PC).

3.0 ------- -_._----- 400

Allpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 _

t-
2.5 -!58.54-': 148.4-':
I"'tit
,,,'
IjI
1541.8-':
2. 20 4 2.0
2.872 ePa 388.4MPa I' , 300
II' \ J.
2.0
23.00-':
2.313 BPe
I
I
I Vl ,
.,
, I
....
+J 1.5
a
,I,
I
a III ll.
ll.
!!
1.5 ,I
0
c:
200 .
~
1&.1
1&.1 ....III
, II
,,, /I,I
T
1.0 I

I 1.0
/
,, 1\ ,I

I
T,
1 100
I
I
.!.

-----------_.- ----
I I

0.5
~/ ,
\I
I
0.5

I
,I \

_/
\
... -
0.0
-------- --------- 0.0
a

-100 -50
f I
0
-,--- •
50
I
100
TalllPerature (-.:)
----- Ii)
r
200
DMA v3.1S

Graph 48: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makrolon T7435 unfilled, impact modified polycarbonate (PC).

Allpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 _

300
2.5
t II
,1
162.1-C
l!58.S·C
297.4 MPa
14-
" 1.512
L5 250
2.0 11/\ /
I \'
23.00·C
1.971 ePa
I '/ III
I \J'
I
I
.j.J
~
Ql
200 ~

.1&.1 I I
I j!
Cl

l-
c
III
1.0 .
~
UJ

I 1.0

, I
I
I
I
I
I
,I
II
, I

,III
T
1 0.5
150 T
I
I
..!..
I 100
I I
0.5 / i I
I

_/
I
I
' ....'-. ,/// I
I
_ _............ ---------.,.."
_~=_..:=_..:-.o=----------- .. / I
I
I 0.0
50

0.0 \ ,
+--_--.----r----.--or---.----.--....--_-.........__-.....----r--_---I-o
-100 -50 o !SO 100 200
TellPerature (-.:) OMA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 83

Table 47: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers PC429MMH1-200 unfilled polycarbonate (PC). (tabular data
for Graph 47)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(aC) (GPa) (MPa) (aC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 2.673 69.46 0.02599 60.00 2.155 34.25 0.01589
-50.00 2.649 68.83 0.02599 65.00 2.127 35.29 0.01659
-45.00 2.613 67.05 0.02566 70.00 2.100 36.70 0.01748
-40.00 2.564 63.12 0.02491 75.00 2.067 38.53 0.01864
-35.00 2.516 59.28 0.02356 80.00 2.028 40.83 0.02014
-30.00 2.478 56.52 0.02281 85.00 1.989 43.32 0.02178
-25.00 2.445 54.14 0.02215 90.00 1.952 45.46 0.02328
-20.00 2.418 52.34 0.02165 95.00 1.922 47.51 0.02472
-15.00 2.394 50.83 0.02123 100.00 1.894 49.60 0.02620
-10.00 2.377 49.04 0.02063 105.00 1.870 51.73 0.02767
-5.00 2.364 46.98 0.01987 110.00 1.848 54.57 0.02953
0.00 2.353 44.76 0.01902 115.00 1.827 58.03 0.03175
5.00 2.341 42.28 0.01806 120.00 1.806 62.99 0.03489
10.00 2.331 40.07 0.01719 125.00 1.781 71.10 0.03993
15.00 2.323 38.12 0.01641 130.00 1.740 83.02 0.04772
20.00 2.318 36.34 0.01568 135.00 1.667 102.9 0.06175
25.00 2.310 34.99 0.01515 140.00 1.499 150.4 0.1004
30.00 2.295 33.96 0.01480 145.00 1.075 270.0 0.2522
35.00 2.276 33.33 0.01464 150.00 0.3479 338.6 0.9919
40.00 2.252 32.99 0.01465 155.00 0.03086 67.52 2.185
45.00 2.223 32.86 0.01478 160.00 0.01194 19.10 1.599
50.00 2.200 33.04 0.01502 165.00 0.007192 12.99 1.811
55.00 2.179 33.60 0.01542

Table 48: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makrolon T7435 unfilled, impact modified polycarbonate (PC). (tabular
data for Graph 48)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(aC) (GPa) (MPa) (aC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 2.348 58.79 0.02504 60.00 1.821 43.35 0.02381
-50.00 2.300 54.16 0.02355 65.00 1.801 43.23 0.02401
-45.00 2.256 50.05 0.02219 70.00 1.780 43.02 0.02417
-40.00 2.216 46.86 0.02114 75.00 1.759 42.77 0.02432
-35.00 2.181 43.63 0.02000 80.00 1.739 42.46 0.02441
-30.00 2.152 40.98 0.01904 85.00 1.720 42.53 0.02473
-25.00 2.129 39.00 0.01832 90.00 1.702 42.89 0.02520
-20.00 2.108 37.31 0.01770 95.00 1.686 43.53 0.02581
-15.00 2.090 36.18 0.01731 100.00 1.672 44.53 0.02664
-10.00 2.075 35.52 0.01712 105.00 1.657 46.10 0.02782
-5.00 2.061 35.11 0.01704 110.00 1.644 48.09 0.02925
0.00 2.048 34.82 0.01700 115.00 1.630 50.95 0.03126
5.00 2.035 35.00 0.01720 120.00 1.614 54.63 0.03385
10.00 2.019 35.73 0.01770 125.00 1.597 59.12 0.03702
15.00 2.003 36.42 0.01818 130.00 1.580 64.96 0.04112
20.00 1.984 37.69 0.01899 135.00 1.555 74.10 0.04766
25.00 1.963 39.25 0.02000 140.00 1.509 89.00 0.05900
30.00 1.943 40.58 0.02089 145.00 1.398 117.1 0.08385
35.00 1.924 41.30 0.02146 150.00 1.114 179.5 0.1614
40.00 1.902 41.91 0.02203 155.00 0.6524 288.3 0.4441
45.00 1.881 42.56 0.02263 160.00 0.1604 201.1 1.266
50.00 1.858 42.79 0.02302 165.00 0.03839 49.45 1.286
55.00 1.839 43.20 0.02349 170.00 0.01865 21.11 1.133

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

84

Graph 49: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 500 10% glass fiber filled polycarbonate (PC).

AIIp 11 tude (P-p) -1 .00 _

-60.71·C
3.786 SPa
4
t 1.2 600
23.00·C
3.319 GPa l!51.!5·C
ifi
,'i 156.4·C
1.255
582.6 MPa

3
:\ i
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1.0

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----------------------- 0.0

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

TelllPerature C·C) DMA v3.1S

Graph 50: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 3412 20% glass fiber filled polycarbonate (PC).

4~
~ I

I
Iii !

~ 31
""', I I

1 21 /
;
1
~i _,/"/
/
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/
1 __---------- ~'

o~~======-·---------·-·
I
0.0 0.0

100 120 140 1 180

TellPereture C·C) DMA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 85

Table 49: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 50010% glass fiber filled polycarbonate (PC). (tabular data
for Graph 49)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.786 88.57 0.02339 60.00 3.170 71.84 0.02266
-55.00 3.771 86.19 0.02286 65.00 3.136 73.21 0.02334
-50.00 3.736 84.56 0.02263 70.00 3.098 74.92 0.02419
-45.00 3.707 82.92 0.02237 75.00 3.058 76.18 0.02491
-40.00 3.654 82.12 0.02247 80.00 3.030 77.56 0.02559
-35.00 3.603 82.04 0.02277 85.00 3.008 78.94 0.02624
-30.00 3.550 81.28 0.02289 90.00 2.987 81.01 0.02712
-25.00 3.504 80.80 0.02306 95.00 2.970 83.23 0.02802
-20.00 3.532 83.94 0.02377 100.00 2.947 85.70 0.02908
-15.00 3.441 80.62 0.02343 105.00 2.924 89.79 0.03071
-10.00 3.422 80.94 0.02365 110.00 2.897 95.32 0.03291
-5.00 3.395 80.66 0.02376 115.00 2.858 104.1 0.03643
0.00 3.382 80.55 0.02382 120.00 2.816 114.3 0.04058
5.00 3.359 79.09 0.02355 125.00 2.770 126.9 0.04580
10.00 3.347 78.42 0.02343 130.00 2.708 142.9 0.05276
15.00 3.331 77.71 0.02333 135.00 2.612 166.3 0.06368
20.00 3.324 77.23 0.02324 140.00 2.444 210.4 0.08611
25.00 3.311 76.20 0.02302 145.00 2.069 306.9 0.1485
30.00 3.296 74.88 0.02272 150.00 1.321 526.4 0.4006
35.00 3.279 73.42 0.02239 155.00 0.3377 390.8 1.164
40.00 3.262 72.33 0.02217 160.00 0.09130 96.08 1.050
45.00 3.244 71.35 0.02199 165.00 0.05103 37.02 0.7251
50.00 3.222 70.84 0.02198 170.00 0.03488 24.38 0.6991
55.00 3.201 71.23 0.02226

Table 50: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Lexan 3412 20% glass fiber filled polycarbonate (PC). (tabular
data for Graph 50)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 5.561 0.07963 0.01432 60.00 5.005 0.03769 0.007531
-55.00 5.537 0.07691 0.01389 65.00 4.978 0.03906 0.007847
-50.00 5.503 0.07416 0.01348 70.00 4.944 0.04163 0.008420
-45.00 5.460 0.07242 0.01327 75.00 4.909 0.04434 0.009032
-40.00 5.409 0.07080 0.01309 80.00 4.879 0.04732 0.009704
-35.00 5.357 0.06889 0.01286 85.00 4.850 0.04960 0.01023
-30.00 5.310 0.06719 0.01265 90.00 4.832 0.05144 0.01065
-25.00 5.273 0.06482 0.01229 95.00 4.822 0.05285 0.01096
-20.00 5.244 0.06216 0.01185 100.00 4.816 0.05457 0.01133
-15.00 5.219 0.05973 0.01144 105.00 4.812 0.05717 0.01188
-10.00 5.196 0.05761 0.01109 110.00 4.809 0.06094 0.01267
-5.00 5.176 0.05558 0.01074 115.00 4.807 0.06612 0.01375
0.00 5.158 0.05428 0.01052 120.00 4.807 0.07358 0.01531
5.00 5.142 0.05330 0.01037 125.00 4.807 0.08434 0.01754
10.00 5.126 0.05234 0.01021 130.00 4.805 0.1002 0.02085
15.00 5.117 0.05080 0.009927 135.00 4.785 0.1257 0.02627
20.00 5.111 0.04906 0.009598 140.00 4.724 0.1733 0.03669
25.00 5.106 0.04719 0.009242 145.00 4.502 0.2903 0.06452
30.00 5.099 0.04570 0.008963 150.00 3.673 0.6614 0.1806
35.00 5.089 0.04411 0.008668 155.00 1.675 1.090 0.6577
40.00 5.073 0.04194 0.008267 160.00 0.3494 0.3571 1.020
45.00 5.056 0.04017 0.007946 165.00 0.1571 0.1019 0.6482
50.00 5.041 0.03822 0.007583 170.00 0.1028 0.05405 0.5257
55.00 5.026 0.03750 0.007461

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

86

Graph 51: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 325 unfilled polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PST).

~11tude(p-p)-1.00 ..
~9.15·C 140
3.0 2.967 SPa
1\
I
I
\
\
60. 13·C
138.0 MPa
I I
I I 120
2.5 I \
I I
, I 0.3
I ,
23.00·C I ,

2.0 ",\
2.424 SPa
,,
I
I I
....<ll
100
caa. I i rl 'iii

.!
\ I Gl
\ a
£!, \
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\

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T I
60
I
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73.21·C
0.1178
/
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\ / 40

.-
, 0.1
0.5
; \
\ ,/'
I \
,./
/ "------------ 20
0.0 -- ----------' ..
j
0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Te.perature (·C) DIotA v3.1B

Graph 52: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanex 2016 unfilled polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PST).

4 200
AIlp 11tUde (P-p) -1. 00 IIlIl
-60.48·C
63.82·C
3.288 BPa 0.25
1 166.7 MPa
!
I
3~
I

I
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I
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I,
I ,
,
I ,
\
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i 0.20
150
192.3·C
1 23.00·C
I
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.UJ 21
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1~ \\'1 i
0.1144 0.10
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,

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----- ,,/

t--.....---,r-----.-....,.-.........- - r -........--r--....--r------r-.........- - r - -........--+-O

-100 -so o 50 100 150 200 250 300
Tel\Perature (·C) DIotA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 87

Table 51: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 325 unfilled polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PST).
(tabular data for Graph 51)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 2.954 94.19 0.03189 85.00 0.5645 57.25 0.1014
-50.00 2.919 88.62 0.03037 90.00 0.5037 45.13 0.08959
-45.00 2.870 81.34 0.02834 95.00 0.4569 36.58 0.08007
-40.00 2.825 75.46 0.02671 100.00 0.4181 30.67 0.07335
-35.00 2.783 70.55 0.02534 105.00 0.3855 26.46 0.06863
-30.00 2.744 66.26 0.02415 llO.OO 0.3586 23.45 0.06539
-25.00 2.707 62.73 0.02317 ll5.00 0.3365 21.42 0.06365
-20.00 2.667 60.34 0.02262 120.00 0.3179 20.05 0.06305
-15.00 2.636 59.48 0.02256 125.00 0.3007 18.97 0.06308
-10.00 2.605 59.56 0.02286 130.00 0.2861 18.24 0.06374
-5.00 2.572 59.83 0.02326 135.00 0.2739 17.67 0.06453
0.00 2.541 60.39 0.02377 140.00 0.2613 17.22 0.06592
5.00 2.517 60.91 0.02420 145.00 0.2482 16.83 0.06779
10.00 2.485 61.36 0.02463 150.00 0.2360 16.53 0.07006
15.00 2.464 61.85 0.02510 155.00 0.2240 16.17 0.07219
20.00 2.438 62.52 0.02565 160.00 0.2126 15.86 0.07459
25.00 2.415 63.22 0.02618 165.00 0.2018 15.55 0.07704
30.00 2.391 64.32 0.02690 170.00 0.1899 15.58 0.08206
35.00 2.366 65.85 0.02784 175.00 0.1781 15.53 0.08720
40.00 2.331 68.28 0.02929 180.00 0.1676 15.33 0.09145
45.00 2.246 78.03 0.03475 185.00 0.1567 15.14 0.09659
50.00 2.059 102.0 0.04953 190.00 0.1458 15.00 0.1029
55.00 1.791 127.1 0.07097 195.00 0.1343 14.93 O.llll
60.00 1.522 137.9 0.09066 200.00 0.1218 14.98 0.1230
65.00 1.229 131.3 0.1069 205.00 0.1076 14.98 0.1392
70.00 0.9477 llO.4 0.ll65 210.00 0.08963 14.66 0.1636
75.00 0.7594 89.19 0.ll74 215.00 0.06089 13.98 0.2304
80.00 0.6429 72.29 0.ll24

Table 52: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celanex 2016 unfilled polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PST).
(tabular data for Graph 52)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.287 122.5 0.03727 80.00 0.9229 92.47 0.1002
-55.00 3.268 116.9 0.03578 85.00 0.8353 73.51 0.08798
-50.00 3.240 112.0 0.03458 90.00 0.7714 59.91 0.07766
-45.00 3.203 105.6 0.03296 95.00 0.7240 50.61 0.06990
-40.00 3.163 101.0 0.03193 100.00 0.6864 44.34 0.06459
-35.00 3.ll6 96.82 0.03107 105.00 0.6545 40.50 0.06188
-30.00 3.069 93.75 0.03055 llO.OO 0.6271 38.33 0.06ll3
-25.00 3.027 91.42 0.03020 ll5.00 0.6026 37.15 0.06164
-20.00 2.992 89.38 0.02987 120.00 0.5803 36.ll 0.06223
-15.00 2.962 87.66 0.02959 125.00 0.5583 34.10 0.06108
-10.00 2.936 86.27 0.02939 130.00 0.5373 32.33 0.06017
-5.00 2.912 85.66 0.02942 135.00 0.5160 30.74 0.05958
0.00 2.889 85.05 0.02944 140.00 0.4944 29.33 0.05932
5.00 2.867 84.33 0.02942 145.00 0.4726 28.00 0.05923
10.00 2.850 83.86 0.02943 150.00 0.4507 26.85 0.05957
15.00 2.829 83.43 0.02950 155.00 0.4282 26.27 0.06134
20.00 2.808 83.40 0.02971 160.00 0.4056 26.06 0.06427
25.00 2.784 83.77 0.03009 165.00 0.3828 26.ll 0.06822
30.00 2.756 84.28 0.03058 170.00 0.3594 26.77 0.07449
35.00 2.724 85.34 0.03133 175.00 0.3337 28.47 0.08532
40.00 2.685 86.89 0.03236 180.00 0.3019 32.08 0.1063
45.00 2.634 89.98 0.03416 185.00 0.2612 36.39 0.1394
50.00 2.558 97.88 0.03827 190.00 0.2179 34.90 0.1602
55.00 2.379 ll9.9 0.05043 195.00 0.1818 29.36 0.1615
60.00 2.022 155.4 0.07703 200.00 0.1533 24.52 0.1600
65.00 1.615 165.2 0.1025 205.00 0.1300 20.95 0.1612
70.00 1.284 146.2 0.ll39 210.00 0.1094 18.65 0.1705
75.00 1.063 ll9.0 0.ll19 215.00 0.08590 17.24 0.2008

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

88

Graph 53: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 74410% glass fiber filled, impact modified polybutylene
terephthalate (polyester PST).

4 200
\ AIlPl1tude (P-p) -0.80 lIIIl
I -BO.14·C 87.72·C
I
3.422 GPe 172.8 MPa
~ 0.20

~
I
;
i
i<. I I
, I I•
31
~I\ I I I I
150

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23.00·C I \ I
2.B!53 GPe I I I
llJ
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w 86.87 MPa I 75.09·C • c
"- I llJ UI

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-..... ' ................
-----------,
0
-100 -eo 0 150 100 1150 200 2150
Temperature C·C) DMA v3.18

Graph 54: Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp PDXW96630 10% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polybutylene terephthalate (polyester PST).

4 140
Allpl1tude (P-p) -0.80 _
-41.02·C
120.15 trIPe "*" 86.2B·C
II 127.8 MPa
,, t\, , I
, I
I
120

'.I ,,
I I
0.20
3
, I \

23.00-C
r I
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I
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I 100
\ 2.261 BPa I
-59. 86·C
; 3.407 BPe
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, 74. 47·C
UJ
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0.05

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..........

"------------ 20

+--~- __-...,...--.--......-.....,...-.....,...-.......-__..-.....,.-_-_,---.-........,~-r--.-...O
-100 -eo o 150 100 1150 200 2
TellPereture C·C) DMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 89

Table 53: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 74410% glass fiber filled, impact modified polybutylene
terephthalate (polyester PST). (tabular data for Graph 53)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.421 103.5 0.03025 80.00 0.9424 114.6 0.1215
-55.00 3.404 100.1 0.02942 85.00 0.7893 86.14 0.1091
-50.00 3.362 92.28 0.02745 90.00 0.6957 66.20 0.09514
-45.00 3.303 87.06 0.02636 95.00 0.6360 52.48 0.08252
-40.00 3.248 84.26 0.02594 100.00 0.5928 43.56 0.07347
-35.00 3.201 83.09 0.02596 105.00 0.5607 37.28 0.06649
-30.00 3.156 82.36 0.02610 110.00 0.5326 32.73 0.06145
-25.00 3.115 82.91 0.02661 115.00 0.5075 29.44 0.05802
-20.00 3.076 83.59 0.02717 120.00 0.4827 27.15 0.05624
-15.00 3.039 84.76 0.02789 125.00 0.4590 25.55 0.05568
-10.00 3.003 85.74 0.02855 130.00 0.4368 24.21 0.05544
-5.00 2.967 86.69 0.02922 135.00 0.4146 23.23 0.05604
0.00 2.940 86.78 0.02952 140.00 0.3938 22.28 0.05657
5.00 2.920 86.91 0.02977 145.00 0.3717 21.26 0.05720
10.00 2.902 86.67 0.02986 150.00 0.3509 20.48 0.05836
15.00 2.883 86.22 0.02991 155.00 0.3319 19.77 0.05958
20.00 2.864 85.73 0.02993 160.00 0.3132 19.19 0.06127
25.00 2.845 85.23 0.02996 165.00 0.2943 18.75 0.06370
30.00 2.821 84.94 0.03011 170.00 0.2774 18.28 0.06591
35.00 2.798 84.61 0.03024 175.00 0.2602 17.98 \
0.06912
40.00 2.783 84.17 0.03024 180.00 0.2440 17.71 0.07258
45.00 2.757 84.15 0.03052 185.00 0.2267 17.44 0.07694
50.00 2.710 86.10 0.03177 190.00 0.2105 17.14 0.08144
55.00 2.623 95.05 0.03624 195.00 0.1930 16.93 0.08774
60.00 2.363 130.1 0.05509 200.00 0.1749 17.05 0.09751
65.00 1.946 167.4 0.08607 205.00 0.1546 17.29 0.1119
70.00 1.549 170.4 0.1100 210.00 0.1333 17.13 0.1286
75.00 1.178 147.5 0.1252 215.00 0.1011 15.92 0.1575

Table 54: Storage and loss properties for LNP Thermocomp PDXW96630 10% glass fiber filled, impact modified poly-
butylene terephthalate (polyester PST). (tabular data for Graph 54)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (oe) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.407 117.9 0.03460 85.00 0.5185 55.93 0.1078
-55.00 3.366 111.1 0.03299 90.00 0.4549 44.48 0.09777
-50.00 3.307 108.3 0.03275 95.00 0.4123 36.94 0.08957
-45.00 3.186 115.2 0.03618 100.00 0.3824 31.94 0.08352
-40.00 3.032 120.5 0.03973 105.00 0.3584 28.42 0.07928
-35.00 2.888 114.7 0.03973 110.00 0.3380 25.83 0.07644
-30.00 2.775 105.1 0.03789 115.00 0.3196 23.87 0.07469
-25.00 2.677 96.23 0.03595 120.00 0.3030 22.37 0.07385
-20.00 2.587 89.76 0.03470 125.00 0.2867 21.09 0.07356
-15.00 2.505 84.33 0.03367 130.00 0.2707 19.99 0.07385
-10.00 2.444 79.80 0.03265 135.00 0.2550 18.96 0.07438
-5.00 2.410 76.20 0.03162 140.00 0.2413 18.13 0.07514
0.00 2.384 72.48 0.03040 145.00 0.2281 17.37 0.07614
5.00 2.354 68.93 0.02929 150.00 0.2163 16.68 0.07710
10.00 2.327 66.64 0.02864 155.00 0.2045 16.06 0.07855
15.00 2.307 65.32 0.02832 160.00 0.1919 15.50 0.08079
20.00 2.277 64.29 0.02824 165.00 0.1807 15.17 0.08393
25.00 2.249 64.01 0.02846 170.00 0.1701 14.84 0.08728
30.00 2.223 63.85 0.02872 175.00 0.1586 14.52 0.09153
35.00 2.199 63.60 0.02892 180.00 0.1486 14.21 0.09566
40.00 2.170 63.83 0.02941 185.00 0.1380 13.97 0.1012
45.00 2.136 64.21 0.03007 190.00 0.1286 13.73 0.1068
50.00 2.078 65.85 0.03168 195.00 0.1179 13.53 0.1147
65.00 1.422 125.1 0.08802 200.00 0.1072 13.33 0.1244
70.00 1.038 119.7 0.1153 205.00 0.09595 13.21 0.1377
75.00 0.7762 95.56 0.1231 210.00 0.08334 13.33 0.1599
80.00 0.6176 72.51 0.1174 215.00 0.07080 13.05 0.1843

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

90

Graph 55: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 420 30% glass fiber filled polybutylene terephthalate
(polyester PST).

B~----------------------------'
Allp11tude (P-p) -0.150 _
88.04·C

j I 7'" \
280.S MPa
I'
I 300

6~
i
23.00·C I ~, i
I B.B42 8PII I i \\ 73.S1·C ,I
0.06
250
I' \'\ 0.06483
I
, I
" \\ . ..,.....
lD
iii
'II, \.
\ \
I
•
Ql
Cl ~
• i
'I \. 137 .2ee / C 200 •
4~
UJ
W {!!. 0.04
/,' \ \ O.03BN ,/
T ; II
I. \ '---.....i-<-
'--
./ T T
1 1 1
i
I. \
II
I.
\\ 150

1/ \\
2~
I,
0.02
~ ~J \,
~ '----..~~- "-- 100

~ _-----;"
'..-.,";
..... _-'''' '.........
I!

o eo 100 1
TellPereture (·e)

Graph 56: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 530 30% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate
(polyester PET).

iO 500
AIIp 11tude (P-p) -0 .!SO _
i

1 se.82·C
402.1 MPa
i 0.14

a-J
-eo.8!5·C
9.344 SPa :*\\ I 400

23.00·C I
I
I
\
\
I 0.12
.i
I \
I \
8.296 BPa \
I \ I
....,~
,I
I \
'iiJ 6~ I \ rl 'iiJ
n. I \ ClJ 0.10 300 n.
,/
I \
~ I \
0 .!.
I \ I c ,
~
I \ ~ w
,-I \ HO.S·C I .....
'.~
!
,--------",;
---------'
I \\
, \
\
0.08270
i T
0.08 'T
I
I

1 4~
/ \\
, , / 1 200 I
...!..
, \
/
~ ! 0.06

2~ ,;'
/ '
--
~"~...
/,/

0.04 100
./
-------- ----- 0.02

-!SO o eo 100 l!SO 200 280 300

TellPereture (ee)

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 91

Table 55: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Valox 420 30% glass fiber filled polybutylene terephthalate (poly-
ester PST). (tabular data for Graph 55)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 7.469 113.3 0.01518 80.00 3.836 233.1 0.06078

-55.00 7.440 107.0 0.01438 85.00 3.557 193.0 0.05425
-50.00 7.402 102.1 0.01379 90.00 3.360 161.5 0.04806
-45.00 7.356 94.69 0.01287 95.00 3.224 138.7 0.04303
-40.00 7.305 90.12 0.01234 100.00 3.125 123.6 0.03955
-35.00 7.241 86.94 0.01201 105.00 3.046 114.1 0.03746
-30.00 7.183 86.14 0.01199 110.00 2.980 108.3 0.03635
-25.00 7.132 86.02 0.01206 115.00 2.926 105.4 0.03601
-20.00 7.086 87.37 0.01233 120.00 2.878 102.5 0.03562
-15.00 7.047 89.19 0.01266 125.00 2.837 99.70 0.03514
-10.00 7.014 91.68 0.01307 130.00 2.799 98.28 0.03512
-5.00 6.990 95.37 0.01364 135.00 2.762 98.44 0.03564
0.00 6.963 98.89 0.01420 140.00 2.721 96.70 0.03554
5.00 6.938 101.5 0.01464 145.00 2.675 94.07 0.03517
10.00 6.911 103.1 0.01492 150.00 2.629 91.83 0.03492
15.00 6.887 104.8 0.01522 155.00 2.575 87.76 0.03408
20.00 6.860 106.6 0.01554 160.00 2.506 84.46 0.03370
25.00 6.830 108.3 0.01586 165.00 2.426 82.41 0.03396
30.00 6.794 110.1 0.01621 170.00 2.349 80.68 0.03435
35.00 6.752 112.9 0.01672 175.00 2.269 79.64 0.03511
40.00 6.695 117.2 0.01751 180.00 2.188 78.78 0.03601
45.00 6.606 127.2 0.01926 185.00 2.106 78.14 0.03710
50.00 6.446 151.4 0.02350 190.00 2.019 77.96 0.03860
55.00 6.130 200.4 0.03270 195.00 1.928 77.99 0.04045
60.00 5.662 257.8 0.04555 200.00 1.829 78.58 0.04297
65.00 5.174 285.7 0.05521 205.00 1.719 80.24 0.04669
70.00 4.661 289.6 0.06213 210.00 1.601 85.09 0.05315
75.00 4.194 271.7 0.06476 215.00 1.474 89.04 0.06040

Table 56: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 530 30% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate (polyester
PET). (tabular data for Graph 56)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 9.344 216.3 0.02315 95.00 5.500 401.6 0.07301

-50.00 9.242 209.5 0.02267 100.00 5.088 397.9 0.07821
-45.00 9.162 209.3 0.02285 105.00 4.702 383.8 0.08162
-40.00 9.082 209.1 0.02303 110.00 4.347 359.4 0.08266
-35.00 9.013 208.5 0.02313 120.00 3.822 303.0 0.07929
-30.00 8.942 207.7 0.02323 125.00 3.639 275.6 0.07571
-25.00 8.873 207.7 0.02340 130.00 3.498 250.6 0.07165
-20.00 8.804 208.5 0.02369 140.00 3.301 207.4 0.06283
-15.00 8.738 210.0 0.02404 145.00 3.229 190.5 0.05898
-10.00 8.677 211.9 0.02442 150.00 3.169 178.5 0.05634
-5.00 8.617 214.4 0.02488 155.00 3.117 170.1 0.05456
0.00 8.558 217.4 0.02540 160.00 3.073 162.5 0.05289
5.00 8.495 222.4 0.02618 165.00 3.032 158.7 0.05232
10.00 8.438 225.7 0.02675 170.00 2.993 155.2 0.05186
15.00 8.388 227.1 0.02708 175.00 2.946 151.3 0.05137
20.00 8.333 229.7 0.02757 180.00 2.892 148.1 0.05120
25.00 8.269 232.2 0.02808 190.00 2.767 143.2 0.05177
30.00 8.204 234.2 0.02855 195.00 2.697 141.8 0.05256
40.00 8.055 235.5 0.02924 200.00 2.624 140.1 0.05340
45.00 7.967 238.1 0.02989 205.00 2.544 138.6 0.05449
50.00 7.861 243.3 0.03095 210.00 2.457 137.3 0.05586
55.00 7.726 251.9 0.03260 215.00 2.361 136.1 0.05765
60.00 7.566 266.4 0.03520 220.00 2.251 134.8 0.05988
65.00 7.396 282.6 0.03822 225.00 2.121 133.2 0.06280
70.00 7.189 303.5 0.04222 230.00 1.963 131.5 0.06698
75.00 6.934 328.5 0.04737 240.00 1.519 125.7 0.08277
80.00 6.633 355.0 0.05352 245.00 1.217 117.8 0.09684
90.00 5.906 393.1 0.06657 250.00 0.8478 105.6 0.1247

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

92

Graph 58: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Impet 330R 30% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate
(polyester PET).

600
AlllP 11tude (P-p) -0. eo IllII

~O~ 98.4S·C

~
~"4.0 MPa

I
I *
1\
\
\
0.20

-60.59·C
,
I
I
I
I
I
i
8-1 9.S72 SPa
23.00·C
I
I
\
I
\
!
8.828 SPa I
\
I
I O. ~5 400
I

m
n. 6~
I
,
I
I
I
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I
...,III
rl
III
Iii'
n.
~ I I I 0
.III I
r
J \
I
\ j C
III
.
~
lJJ
I I I-
\
'7'
I
I
\
\
10B.7·C
0.1038
I T 0.10
I'
I
4-1 I
/ \\.
i
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\
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/ 200
'-,
_------------
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i ~-=~==-/
----- 0.05
J I \
I
j
04 ------------
0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TelllPerature (·C) OMA v3.iS

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 93

Table 57: Storage and loss properties for Plastics Engineering Plenco 50030 30% glass fiber filled polyethylene tereph-
thalate (polyester PET). (tabular data for Graph 57)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 9.908 123.1 0.01243 100.00 6.569 459.8 0.07001

-50.00 9.840 113.1 0.01149 105.00 5.896 449.6 0.07626
-45.00 9.796 106.9 0.01091 110.00 5.321 417.0 0.07837
-40.00 9.753 99.00 0.01015 115.00 4.862 376.7 0.07748
-35.00 9.699 89.38 0.009215 120.00 4.503 335.2 0.07444
-30.00 9.644 81.22 0.008421 125.00 4.229 296.5 0.07012
-25.00 9.593 71.29 0.007432 130.00 4.026 263.7 0.06548
-20.00 9.546 62.35 0.006532 140.00 3.744 209.6 0.05598
-15.00 9.506 55.02 0.005788 145.00 3.677 192.9 0.05246
-10.00 9.484 48.05 0.005066 150.00 3.628 179.9 0.04958
-5.00 9.468 42.55 0.004495 155.00 3.598 172.4 0.04791
0.00 9.451 38.89 0.004115 160.00 3.561 162.6 0.04566
5.00 9.435 36.06 0.003821 170.00 3.449 151.4 0.04388
10.00 9.419 34.38 0.003650 175.00 3.387 147.9 0.04367
15.00 9.407 32.06 0.003408 180.00 3.297 147.7 0.04479
20.00 9.393 31.00 0.003300 190.00 3.149 146.4 0.04650
25.00 9.377 30.34 0.003235 195.00 3.071 146.1 0.04756
30.00 9.353 31.95 0.003416 200.00 2.995 145.5 0.04858
40.00 9.308 31.29 0.003362 205.00 2.896 146.1 0.05044
45.00 9.281 31.19 0.003361 210.00 2.796 146.1 0.05224
50.00 9.253 29.63 0.003202 215.00 2.690 145.7 0.05419
55.00 9.232 28.26 0.003061 220.00 2.566 145.6 0.05676
60.00 9.208 28.53 0.003099 225.00 2.419 145.5 0.06016
70.00 9.116 44.06 0.004833 230.00 2.237 145.1 0.06488
75.00 9.028 67.33 0.007458 235.00 2.022 143.7 0.07105
80.00 8.874 116.5 0.01313 240.00 1.728 142.0 0.08215
90.00 8.008 334.6 0.04180 245.00 1.287 122.9 0.09555
95.00 7.292 425.3 0.05835 250.00 0.8435 100.9 0.1198

Table 58: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Impet 330R 30% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate (polyester
PET). (tabular data for Graph 58)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 9.672 191.4 0.01979 95.00 6.484 528.9 0.08159

-50.00 9.596 178.9 0.01865 100.00 5.630 541.7 0.09625
-45.00 9.527 175.7 0.01844 110.00 4.290 442.0 0.1030
-40.00 9.448 173.5 0.01837 120.00 3.523 326.8 0.09276
-35.00 9.369 170.4 0.01818 125.00 3.295 281.5 0.08544
-30.00 9.294 168.2 0.01810 130.00 3.120 243.2 0.07793
-25.00 9.234 164.3 0.01779 135.00 3.004 213.9 0.07121
-20.00 9.179 161.4 0.01759 140.00 2.925 192.0 0.06565
-15.00 9.125 159.5 0.01748 145.00 2.868 176.5 0.06153
-10.00 9.072 159.1 0.01754 150.00 2.826 165.2 0.05848
-5.00 9.021 160.0 0.01773 155.00 2.791 157.9 0.05656
0.00 8.977 160.3 0.01786 160.00 2.765 153.9 0.05565
5.00 8.940 161.0 0.01801 170.00 2.761 156.1 0.05656
10.00 8.906 162.1 0.01820 175.00 2.764 153.6 0.05559
15.00 8.876 163.5 0.01842 180.00 2.763 153.1 0.05540
20.00 8.846 165.0 0.01865 190.00 2.740 153.0 0.05582
30.00 8.775 168.6 0.01921 195.00 2.704 147.6 0.05458
40.00 8.680 171.3 0.01974 200.00 2.646 145.6 0.05503
45.00 8.633 171.7 0.01989 205.00 2.569 142.4 0.05545
50.00 8.588 172.3 0.02006 210.00 2.474 140.1 0.05663
55.00 8.544 173.5 0.02030 215.00 2.362 138.1 0.05847
60.00 8.489 177.1 0.02087 220.00 2.229 136.1 0.06106
65.00 8.432 180.3 0.02138 225.00 2.068 134.0 0.06481
70.00 8.367 187.7 0.02243 230.00 1.864 132.0 0.07079
75.00 8.282 204.2 0.02465 235.00 1.613 128.1 0.07948
80.00 8.138 242.1 0.02976 240.00 1.315 120.8 0.09192
85.00 7.840 329.1 0.04199 245.00 0.9493 108.8 0.1147
90.00 7.277 448.3 0.06163 250.00 0.5422 82.22 0.1520

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

94

Graph 59: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite FR530 30% glass fiber filled, flame retardant polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET).

12 ........- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : - - - : - - : - - - : - : - - . . , .
AIlp11tude (P-p) -0.440 _
100.2-0
499.2 MPa 500
I
?'\\
I
,I ,
\
\
I \
t \
23.00-0 / \ 178.8·C I 0.15
400
1I.9!50 SPa
, \ 343.3 MPa i
,,
I
m
\ /' .....
, I \
tl\
I \ 182.15-0'
~

Ql
10
0-
Q
~
6-1
I \ " \ 0 • 10159 I 300 •
w I
I
I
I
'. . . ./ 1\ I C
m
I- 0.10
w
...
I
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I
,
i \.'\ ,j T I
I
I
.L 4-1
,-","
......----------'
,/
I

,/
,-+..,
"..-.......-/' \,
,\ '-,,'
/ i 200 ...!.

/ \
0.05
' 110.3-0 ""
/ 0.07804 "
/ \ \. 100

o-l -----_ -----./ ...

+-__-,..---r-"'T""""'--r--r----.--r----.-..,----.-:"1"':"---.-:::I:'--""-:'!:----L.. 0
-100 -50 150 100 1150 200 300
TallPeratura (.C) DMA v3. 18

Graph 60: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite RE5211 30% glass fiber filled, color stable polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET).

12 -------.----------...- - .. - --_..-. ..- .------.------. -"

Allpl1tude (P-p) -0.35 lID
23.00·C
10.22 GPa 104.0·C
581.3 MPa
600
10
-59.7S·C l'
I \
10.73 SPa t \ 0.15
I \
, I \
\
\
f
I
8 I !'
\

10
I
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.....
'iil
0-
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,
~

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~
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!
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c
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0.10
400
.
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'\, /
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4 :I I'
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200
II
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---------- ",/
I

0 ~----.-- --r----.-.~-- ......... ---r-----r----- .. , ----r--~__r_-

I
-. I 0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Tellperature (·C) DMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 95

Table 59: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite FR530 30% glass fiber filled, flame retardant polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET). (tabular data for Graph 59)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 11.19 181.7 0.01624 100.00 6.799 499.1 0.07340
-50.00 11.12 174.8 0.01573 105.00 6.420 492.3 0.07668
-45.00 11.03 178.9 0.01622 110.00 6.042 471.3 0.07800
-40.00 10.93 183.9 0.01682 115.00 5.697 442.1 0.07761
-35.00 10.83 188.6 0.01742 120.00 5.392 408.0 0.07568
-30.00 10.72 191.8 0.01789 125.00 5.127 373.1 0.07277
-25.00 10.63 193.9 0.01824 130.00 4.903 342.0 0.06975
-20.00 10.55 195.3 0.01851 140.00 4.557 296.7 0.06511
-15.00 10.46 196.2 0.01875 145.00 4.414 283.1 0.06414
-10.00 10.38 197.0 0.01898 150.00 4.280 275.8 0.06444
-5.00 10.29 197.9 0.01923 155.00 4.152 274.9 0.06621
0.00 10.22 199.9 0.01957 160.00 4.021 280.3 0.06972
5.00 10.15 200.4 0.01973 165.00 3.882 292.6 0.07538
10.00 10.09 199.9 0.01981 170.00 3.722 311.4 0.08365
20.00 9.980 199.4 0.01998 175.00 3.526 333.4 0.09454
25.00 9.931 198.6 0.02000 180.00 3.297 343.0 0.1040
30.00 9.865 197.6 0.02003 190.00 2.864 280.4 0.09789
40.00 9.653 201.7 0.02089 195.00 2.697 244.8 0.09078
45.00 9.545 204.6 0.02143 200.00 2.552 216.1 0.08470
50.00 9.431 210.9 0.02236 205.00 2.422 191.3 0.07898
55.00 9.304 221.4 0.02380 210.00 2.304 171.0 0.07421
60.00 9.138 242.5 0.02654 215.00 2.190 155.5 0.07101
65.00 8.953 268.9 0.03003 220.00 2.071 146.0 0.07050
70.00 8.745 299.1 0.03420 225.00 1.948 140.3 0.07200
75.00 8.500 337.5 0.03970 230.00 1.799 136.1 0.07566
80.00 8.202 381.7 0.04654 240.00 1.410 127.1 0.09015
90.00 7.565 463.1 0.06123 245.00 1.151 119.5 0.1038
95.00 7.179 486.0 0.06770 250.00 0.8246 104.8 0.1272

Table 60: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite RE5211 30% glass fiber filled, color stable polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET). (tabular data for Graph 60)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 10.73 132.4 0.01234 90.00 9.047 322.6 0.03567
-55.00 10.71 128.6 0.01201 95.00 8.397 457.5 0.05450
-50.00 10.67 123.8 0.01160 100.00 7.554 553.9 0.07334
-45.00 10.62 119.3 0.01123 105.00 6.708 582.1 0.08679
-40.00 10.58 113.8 0.01076 110.00 5.927 555.9 0.09378
-35.00 10.53 106.1 0.01008 115.00 5.310 501.1 0.09437
-30.00 10.49 98.51 0.009390 120.00 4.872 444.2 0.09116
-25.00 10.45 91.38 0.008748 125.00 4.549 393.1 0.08640
-20.00 10.40 85.28 0.008198 130.00 4.320 349.5 0.08090
-15.00 10.38 76.93 0.007414 140.00 4.036 276.0 0.06839
-10.00 10.35 70.94 0.006854 150.00 3.871 224.8 0.05807
-5.00 10.33 66.38 0.006428 155.00 3.811 207.1 0.05434
0.00 10.30 62.30 0.006049 160.00 3.757 193.2 0.05142
5.00 10.28 58.92 0.005734 165.00 3.714 182.3 0.04909
10.00 10.26 55.66 0.005426 170.00 3.669 176.0 0.04797
15.00 10.24 54.21 0.005293 175.00 3.624 172.7 0.04766
20.00 10.23 51.56 0.005041 180.00 3.575 169.8 0.04748
25.00 10.21 50.54 0.004948 190.00 3.459 165.6 0.04786
30.00 10.13 46.89 0.004625 200.00 3.314 163.0 0.04919
40.00 10.14 44.97 0.004434 205.00 3.232 162.9 0.05042
45.00 10.10 45.43 0.004496 210.00 3.140 162.9 0.05187
50.00 10.07 44.71 0.004441 215.00 3.035 163.1 0.05375
55.00 10.03 44.43 0.004430 220.00 2.917 163.9 0.05619
60.00 9.987 46.25 0.004631 225.00 2.778 166.1 0.05980
65.00 9.945 49.57 0.004985 230.00 2.610 168.8 0.06467
70.00 9.897 57.04 0.005763 235.00 2.398 172.4 0.07193
75.00 9.827 74.27 0.007558 240.00 2.130 175.9 0.08259
80.00 9.703 113.9 0.01174 250.00 1.303 166.3 0.1277

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

96

Graph 61: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Petra 130 30% glass fiber filled, from recyclate polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET).

Allpl1tude (P-p) -0 . ..0 _

97.32ee

i
10 47B.4 MPa 500

I
~\
-BO.60-c I
I \
\ I 0.20

8 9.839 BPa I
I
I \
\
\ i 400
23.00·C
B.B"8 BPa
I
I
\
\
I i
m ,
I
\
\
\ i .......
<0
0.15
m
a.
~
.
6 I
I
I I
\
\ i a
Ql

300
a.
.
~

i
I \ c
W I \ <0 W
I \ ~
I \ f
I'

I I
\ 0.10
I \
T I

"\\ 10B.See
I , I
4 \

I
I
I
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0.011881 / 1 200
I
J.
I
I
I
i \

_/
/
,
I
2 I
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---- -...._----------' ,- I
, / 100
-----------_/
0 '. 0.00

0
-100 - 0 0 eo 100
1 0 200 2eO 300
TellPerature (ee) DNA vS.1B

Graph 62: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 545 45% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate
(polyester PET).

-50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300

Tellperature (·e)

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 97

Table 61: Storage and loss properties for Allied Signal Petra 130 30% glass fiber filled, from recyclate polyethylene
terephthalate (polyester PET). (tabular data for Graph 61)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 9.637 126.7 0.01315 100.00 5.066 474.5 0.09367
-50.00 9.543 122.5 0.01283 105.00 4.567 451.6 0.09889
-45.00 9.475 12Ll 0.01278 110.00 4.157 414.2 0.09964
-40.00 9.393 120.3 0.01281 115.00 3.823 371.7 0.09724
-35.00 9.301 119.2 0.01282 120.00 3.547 329.4 0.09287
-30.00 9.219 115.6 0.01254 125.00 3.339 289.9 0.08682
-25.00 9.418 112.3 0.01228 130.00 3.186 256.6 0.08052
-20.00 9.075 108.8 0.01198 140.00 2.991 205.0 0.06854
-10.00 8.946 106.1 0.01186 145.00 2.930 186.0 0.06348
-5.00 8.888 107.4 0.01209 150.00 2.883 171.5 0.05948
0.00 8.829 108.7 0.01231 155.00 2.846 161.3 0.05665
5.00 8.784 110.3 0.01255 160.00 2.817 155.2 0.05511
10.00 8.751 110.3 0.01260 165.00 2.786 147.7 0.05300
15.00 8.716 110.9 0.01273 170.00 2.741 142.0 0.05182
20.00 8.679 111.4 0.01283 175.00 2.689 138.1 0.05136
25.00 8.622 111.9 0.01298 180.00 2.631 135.3 0.05142
30.00 8.563 113.0 0.01319 190.00 2.508 131.2 0.05231
40.00 8.446 117.5 0.01391 195.00 2.439 129.8 0.05322
45.00 8.380 121.1 0.01445 200.00 2.367 128.3 0.05421
50.00 8.306 126.8 0.01527 205.00 2.287 126.8 0.05544
55.00 8.213 137.9 0.01679 210.00 2.172 126.1 0.05804
60.00 8.083 157.9 0.01954 215.00 2.060 124.0 0.06019
65.00 7.929 188.2 0.02373 220.00 1.932 122.0 0.06315
70.00 7.721 229.6 0.02974 225.00 1.780 119.4 0.06707
75.00 7.449 281.9 0.03785 230.00 1.592 115.8 0.07278
80.00 7.123 340.9 0.04787 240.00 1.078 lOLl 0.09383
90.00 6.188 447.9 0.07240 245.00 0.7375 85.79 0.1164
95.00 5.618 474.6 0.08448 250.00 0.3659 55.79 0.1530

Table 62: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 545 45% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate (polyester
PET). (tabular data for Graph 62)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 14.28 202.7 0.01419 100.00 8.711 597.2 0.06856
-50.00 14.30 190.0 0.01329 105.00 8.155 590.4 0.07240
-45.00 14.26 188.4 0.01321 110.00 7.657 574.9 0.07508
-40.00 14.18 190.8 0.01346 120.00 6.844 507.8 0.07420
-35.00 14.11 191.7 0.01359 125.00 6.516 467.7 0.07177
-30.00 14.04 193.1 0.01375 130.00 6.234 429.6 0.06892
-25.00 13.93 197.7 0.01419 135.00 6.011 397.9 0.06619
-20.00 13.80 200.7 0.01454 140.00 5.845 373.1 0.06384
-15.00 13.69 203.5 0.01486 145.00 5.708 356.4 0.06243
-10.00 13.58 202.3 0.01489 150.00 5.593 341.3 0.06103
-5.00 13.49 204.1 0.01513 155.00 5.482 329.8 0.06016
0.00 13.41 201.5 0.01502 160.00 5.373 318.0 0.05919
5.00 13.33 200.1 0.01501 165.00 5.262 306.4 0.05822
10.00 13.26 197.4 0.01489 170.00 5.146 298.0 0.05791
15.00 13.18 196.1 0.01488 175.00 5.029 291.9 0.05804
20.00 13.10 193.8 0.01479 180.00 4.910 287.1 0.05846
25.00 13.03 193.7 0.01486 190.00 4.662 279.5 0.05996
30.00 12.95 193.6 0.01495 195.00 4.535 275.0 0.06064
40.00 12.80 194.5 0.01520 200.00 4.398 271.4 0.06171
45.00 12.70 198.3 0.01562 205.00 4.258 267.3 0.06278
50.00 12.58 203.9 0.01621 210.00 4.111 263.2 0.06403
60.00 12.21 240.9 0.01973 215.00 3.956 259.0 0.06546
65.00 11.95 278.7 0.02333 220.00 3.790 255.1 0.06729
70.00 11.61 324.5 0.02794 225.00 3.606 25Ll 0.06963
75.00 11.26 369.5 0.03281 230.00 3.386 247.3 0.07304
80.00 10.83 424.7 0.03921 240.00 2.818 239.9 0.08515
90.00 9.809 541.0 0.05515 245.00 2.427 236.7 0.09756
95.00 9.257 584.5 0.06315 250.00 1.928 214.1 0.1110

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

98

Graph 63: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 555 55% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate
(polyester PET).

20 BOO
_11tude (P-p) -0.25 _
l+\
I \
I \
I \
-80.!IB·C I
I \
\
100.4·C
18.01 SPa I \ 746.0 Nfla
I \ 0.15
I \
600
15 23.00ee
16.58 SPe I
I \
\ I
, I \
\
\ i
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to- 400
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,
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L----.-
---,
----".,~
0.00

0 0
-100 -50 0 80 1150
100 200 300
TelllPerature (ee) DNA vS.1B

Graph 64: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 1000 unfilled polyetherimide (PEl) tested dryas molded.

4 500
-eo.n·e
S.487 . . 22S.4ee
408.7 MPII
~/. 232.I5-c
1.887
I \
400
1\1\
/I.1,/ ·v
3 L5
23.00ee
3.123 SPa

.. ..!
II
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+' 300
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I
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........ '-'-, / I I,
.-// .......---..... , \

0
---------------------------J \
\
0.0
0
AIIp 11tude (P-p) -0.715 _

-100 0 150 100 150 200 SOO

TellPareture (ee) DNA YS.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 99

Table 63: Storage and loss properties for DuPont Rynite 555 55% glass fiber filled polyethylene terephthalate (polyester
PET). (tabular data for Graph 63)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 18.00 86.75 0.004818 100.00 10.75 746.3 0.06940
-50.00 17.96 79.41 0.004423 110.00 9.572 727.9 0.07605
-45.00 17.91 80.24 0.004480 115.00 9.061 695.2 0.07672
-40.00 17.84 84.71 0.004749 120.00 8.596 652.0 0.07585
-35.00 17.79 85.96 0.004832 125.00 8.183 614.1 0.07504
-30.00 17.73 94.77 0.005345 130.00 7.844 573.0 0.07305
-25.00 17.63 105.5 0.005985 140.00 7.307 505.3 0.06916
-20.00 17.51 117.6 0.006714 145.00 7.116 480.5 0.06752
-15.00 17.39 130.4 0.007496 150.00 6.930 460.2 0.06640
-10.00 17.27 143.1 0.008288 155.00 6.765 441.1 0.06520
-5.00 17.15 153.1 0.008926 160.00 6.592 427.6 0.06488
0.00 17.04 159.9 0.009380 165.00 6.422 416.8 0.06490
5.00 16.95 165.7 0.009778 170.00 6.258 407.9 0.06518
10.00 16.85 173.8 0.01031 175.00 6.099 400.5 0.06566
20.00 16.66 191.1 0.01147 180.00 5.940 394.4 0.06640
25.00 16.52 202.9 0.01228 190.00 5.621 383.9 0.06830
30.00 16.34 218.7 0.01338 195.00 5.464 377.6 0.06910
40.00 15.96 243.0 0.01523 200.00 5.298 371.3 0.07009
45.00 15.76 256.0 0.01624 205.00 5.129 364.2 0.07100
50.00 15.56 273.9 0.01761 210.00 4.947 357.3 0.07224
55.00 15.34 301.2 0.01964 215.00 4.762 349.0 0.07329
60.00 15.06 340.7 0.02263 220.00 4.563 341.8 0.07490
65.00 14.72 394.6 0.02681 225.00 4.340 334.3 0.07704
70.00 14.32 457.2 0.03194 230.00 4.084 327.5 0.08019
75.00 13.85 522.5 0.03773 240.00 3.418 314.4 0.09198
80.00 13.30 593.6 0.04462 245.00 2.983 307.7 0.1032
90.00 12.09 705.5 0.05835 250.00 2.452 295.0 0.1203
95.00 11.44 736.3 0.06434 255.00 1.841 267.4 0.1453

Table 64: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 1000 unfilled polyetherimide (PEl) tested dryas molded.
(tabular data for Graph 64)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.486 28.00 0.008030 95.00 2.702 82.77 0.03064
-55.00 3.477 28.44 0.008180 100.00 2.670 81.26 0.03043
-50.00 3.458 30.04 0.008687 105.00 2.639 79.18 0.03000
-45.00 3.437 33.19 0.009657 110.00 2.612 76.25 0.02919
-40.00 3.417 37.45 0.01096 115.00 2.587 73.09 0.02826
-35.00 3.396 44.35 0.01306 120.00 2.562 69.77 0.02723
-30.00 3.369 53.32 0.01583 125.00 2.540 65.79 0.02590
-25.00 3.343 59.79 0.01788 130.00 2.157 62.38 0.02478
-20.00 3.317 64.67 0.01949 140.00 2.475 55.30 0.02234
-15.00 3.292 68.33 0.02075 145.00 2.454 51.98 0.02118
-10.00 3.265 72.13 0.02209 150.00 2.433 49.08 0.02018
-5.00 3.242 74.86 0.02309 155.00 2.411 46.58 0.01932
0.00 3.220 76.47 0.02375 160.00 2.388 45.02 0.01885
5.00 3.198 77.70 0.02429 165.00 2.364 44.13 0.01867
10.00 3.177 79.05 0.02489 170.00 2.337 44.27 0.01894
15.00 3.157 80.30 0.02544 175.00 2.307 46.21 0.02003
20.00 3.137 80.86 0.02578 180.00 2.275 49.55 0.02178
30.00 3.087 82.93 0.02687 190.00 2.208 63.98 0.02898
40.00 3.024 85.29 0.02821 195.00 2.168 75.93 0.03502
45.00 2.995 85.70 0.02861 200.00 2.112 89.55 0.04239
50.00 2.971 85.16 0.02866 205.00 2.023 103.5 0.05119
55.00 2.944 84.89 0.02884 210.00 1.869 121.1 0.06485
60.00 2.916 84.92 0.02912 215.00 1.595 177.4 0.1114
65.00 2.888 84.95 0.02942 220.00 1.136 337.1 0.2980
70.00 2.859 84.66 0.02962 225.00 0.5463 695.5 0.7311
75.00 2.830 84.52 0.02987 230.00 0.1226 203.1 1.669
80.00 2.797 84.55 0.03023 240.00 0.01765 25.54 1.446
90.00 2.733 83.73 0.03063 245.00 0.01205 16.47 1.366

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

100

Graph 65: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 1000 unfilled polyetherimide (PEl) tested at 0.5% moisture
content.

Graph 66: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 2300 30% glass fiber filled polyetherimide (PEl) tested dry
as molded.

_11 tude (P-p) -0. 3B _

1.4
10
219.1'"C ttl" 229.B'"C
I' \
1.331 SPe : 'i" 0.740e 1.2
8 , .
I I \ 0.6

,I " -- 1.0
II I'" CD
.....
Iii '1\, I .... Ii
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CD Q.

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0.4 0.8
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------------==-..:=-~==------~~ \. 0.0
o ------------
------ ------~ 0.0

-100 o ~ 100 I~ 200 300

TellPerature ('"C) DNA v3.IB

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 101

Table 65: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 1000 unfilled polyetherimide (PEl) tested at 0.5% moisture
content. (tabular data for Graph 65)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.489 25.41 0.007283 100.00 2.571 72.64 0.02825
-50.00 3.470 25.48 0.007342 105.00 2.532 71.14 0.02810
-45.00 3.460 26.28 0.007595 110.00 2.496 69.01 0.02765
-40.00 3.443 28.02 0.008139 115.00 2.465 66.79 0.02710
-35.00 3.418 30.53 0.008932 120.00 2.436 64.32 0.02641
-30.00 3.393 33.23 0.009794 125.00 2.410 61.70 0.02561
-25.00 3.369 36.15 0.01073 130.00 2.386 59.17 0.02480
-20.00 3.347 38.72 0.01157. 140.00 2.344 54.43 0.02322
-15.00 3.322 41.53 0.01250 145.00 2.325 52.48 0.02257
-10.00 3.293 44.72 0.01358 150.00 2.308 50.81 0.02201
-5.00 3.262 48.19 0.01477 155.00 2.292 49.60 0.02164
0.00 3.226 51.57 0.01599 160.00 2.278 49.05 0.02153
5.00 3.203 53.22 0.01662 165.00 2.264 49.17 0.02172
10.00 3.182 54.20 0.01703 170.00 2.250 50.45 0.02243
20.00 3.144 55.62 0.01769 175.00 2.235 53.03 0.02373
25.00 3.130 55.72 0.01780 180.00 2.217 57.91 0.02612
30.00 3.109 56.53 0.01818 190.00 2.158 82.51 0.03824
40.00 3.045 60.46 0.01985 195.00 2.087 104.8 0.05021
45.00 3.014 62.09 0.02060 200.00 1.958 117.1 0.05981
50.00 2.984 63.39 0.02124 205.00 1.741 148.7 0.08542
55.00 2.954 64.86 0.02196 210.00 1.401 227.4 0.1626
60.00 2.919 66.38 0.02274 215.00 0.9731 362.1 0.3737
65.00 2.879 68.04 0.02364 220.00 0.4209 349.7 0.8381
70.00 2.836 69.76 0.02460 225.00 0.1026 161.6 1.583
75.00 2.793 71.09 0.02545 230.00 0.02942 48.94 1.661
80.00 2.748 72.44 0.02636 240.00 0.01233 15.92 1.291
90.00 2.657 73.72 0.02774 245.00 0.009863 13.48 1.367
95.00 2.614 73.44 0.02810 250.00 0.01005 12.52 1.245

Table 66: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 2300 30% glass fiber filled polyetherimide (PEl) tested dry
as molded. (tabular data for Graph 66)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 9.705 0.003558 3.666E-4 100.00 8.636 0.08179 0.009471
-50.00 9.697 0.006396 6.595E-4 105.00 8.596 0.08050 0.009365
-45.00 9.672 0.009891 0.001023 110.00 8.561 0.07877 0.009201
-40.00 9.641 0.01219 0.001264 115.00 8.525 0.07614 0.008932
-35.00 9.611 0.01500 0.001560 120.00 8.489 0.07390 0.008705
-30.00 9.595 0.01926 0.002008 125.00 8.456 0.07112 0.008410
-25.00 9.572 0.02338 0.002443 130.00 8.424 0.06797 0.008068
-20.00 9.540 0.02746 0.002878 140.00 8.364 0.06168 0.007375
-15.00 9.510 0.03132 0.003293 145.00 8.334 0.05926 0.007111
-10.00 9.477 0.03401 0.003589 150.00 8.303 0.05766 0.006945
-5.00 9.438 0.03837 0.004065 155.00 8.266 0.05707 0.006904
0.00 9.400 0.04266 0.004539 160.00 8.231 0.05676 0.006897
5.00 9.368 0.04428 0.004726 165.00 8.192 0.05781 0.007057
10.00 9.347 0.04570 0.004889 170.00 8.151 0.06145 0.007539
20.00 9.301 0.04927 0.005298 175.00 8.105 0.06739 0.008315
25.00 9.271 0.05159 0.005565 180.00 8.060 0.07620 0.009455
30.00 9.231 0.05617 0.006085 190.00 7.963 0.1093 0.01373
40.00 9.112 0.06597 0.007241 195.00 7.892 0.1427 0.01808
45.00 9.068 0.06903 0.007612 200.00 7.764 0.1973 0.02542
50.00 9.035 0.07079 0.007835 205.00 7.479 0.2888 0.03863
55.00 9.001 0.07280 0.008088 210.00 6.769 0.4667 0.06904
60.00 8.967 0.07496 0.008360 215.00 5.414 0.9808 0.1817
65.00 8.922 0.07786 0.008727 220.00 3.545 1.324 0.3749
70.00 8.880 0.07975 0.008981 225.00 2.016 1.101 0.5486
75.00 8.838 0.08094 0.009158 230.00 0.9191 0.6795 0.7393
80.00 8.798 0.08187 0.009305 240.00 0.3382 0.1943 0.5745
90.00 8.719 0.08270 0.009485 245.00 0.2301 0.1292 0.5615
95.00 8.677 0.08269 0.009530 250.00 0.1667 0.09320 0.5592

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

102

Graph 67: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 2300 30% glass fiber filled polyetherimide (PEl) tested at
0.5% moisture content.

10 1.4
AIlpUtude (P-p) -0.38 l1li

213.3·C O.B
-60.3S·C
8
9.470 GPa 23.00·C
1.223 SPa *t-
I' • 22!5.0·C
1.2

9.000 BPa ~
I " \
I I • 0.7615

I I\ 0.6
1.0
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6 II (\I ...,III
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iii
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J.
I, 0.2
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,,"/ ,/
~~==::===:::::::-~-=::.:-_-:=.:=.::""~_/
0 =.:::::=-- 0.0
0.0

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 300

Tellperature (·C) DMA v3.18

Graph 68: Storage and loss properties for Victrex PEEK 450G unfilled polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

5-.--------------- ._- --..---.--.-------- --------.-- 400

AIlp 11tude (P-p) -0.80 _

~ -59. 12·C 157.4·C

4.025 BPa 300.4 HPa

l'!r \
I
4""1 0.20
168.2·C 300
.
I 0.2100
I I \ ;
23.00·C I"
1/' .......
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iii I' I 0.15

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II
--
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-_....,.,.-T---... ,---------..../ '!/ \\
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~ -4. 977·C
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0-1 ----+------_./

-100
+--- -~---y--------.~-----,I..------,,......---r-i
0 100 200
-
300 400
Teaperature (·C) OMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 103

Table 67: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Ultem 2300 30% glass fiber filled polyetherimide (PEl) tested at
0.5% moisture content. (tabular data for Graph 67)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 9.470 0.01868 0.001973 95.00 8.302 0.1040 0.01253

-50.00 9.461 0.01849 0.001954 100.00 8.259 0.1042 0.01262
-45.00 9.437 0.02086 0.002210 105.00 8.222 0.1035 0.01259
-40.00 9.408 0.02408 0.002560 1l0.00 8.190 0.1017 0.01242
-35.00 9.382 0.02718 0.002897 ll5.00 8.162 0.09938 0.01218
-30.00 9.361 0.03175 0.003392 120.00 8.139 0.09710 0.01l93
-25.00 9.329 0.03809 0.004083 125.00 8.ll5 0.09498 0.01l71
-20.00 9.296 0.04234 0.004554 130.00 8.091 0.09285 0.01l48
-15.00 9.261 0.04741 0.005120 140.00 8.048 0.08898 0.01106
-10.00 9.225 0.05194 0.005630 145.00 8.026 0.08776 0.01093
-5.00 9.188 0.05565 0.006057 150.00 8.008 0.08646 0.01080
0.00 9.156 0.05945 0.006493 155.00 7.988 0.08670 0.01085
5.00 9.120 0.06250 0.006852 160.00 7.968 0.08790 0.01l03
10.00 9.089 0.06598 0.007260 165.00 7.949 0.09029 0.01l36
15.00 9.056 0.06906 0.007627 170.00 7.928 0.09459 0.01l93
20.00 9.017 0.07184 0.007967 175.00 7.906 0.1022 0.01293
25.00 8.987 0.07350 0.008179 180.00 7.880 0.1l40 0.01446
30.00 8.958 0.07457 0.008325 190.00 7.781 0.1688 0.02170
40.00 8.888 0.07856 0.008839 195.00 7.621 0.2428 0.03186
45.00 8.848 0.08086 0.009139 200.00 7.175 0.4083 0.05694
50.00 8.805 0.08309 0.009436 205.00 6.164 0.7533 0.1224
55.00 8.760 0.08576 0.009791 210.00 4.714 1.131 0.2404
60.00 8.708 0.08815 0.01012 215.00 3.159 1.223 0.3880
65.00 8.652 0.09094 0.01051 220.00 1.720 1.052 0.6134
70.00 8.588 0.09436 0.01099 225.00 0.8035 0.6121 0.7617
75.00 8.522 0.09751 0.01l44 230.00 0.4314 0.2846 0.6593
80.00 8.460 0.1000 0.01l82 240.00 0.1930 0.1097 0.5685
90.00 8.346 0.1041 0.01247 245.00 0.1409 0.07787 0.5527

Table 68: Storage and loss properties for Victrex PEEK 450G unfilled polyetheretherketone (PEEK). (tabular data for
Graph 68)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 4.015 80.64 0.02008 140.00 3.050 100.3 0.03288
-50.00 3.983 78.65 0.01975 145.00 2.963 128.8 0.04350
-45.00 3.951 79.75 0.02019 150.00 2.720 200.1 0.07368
-40.00 3.916 82.26 0.02101 160.00 1.528 286.9 0.1880
-30.00 3.845 87.67 0.02280 170.00 0.7031 139.5 0.1983
-25.00 3.812 90.67 0.02379 175.00 0.5352 92.78 0.1733
-20.00 3.780 92.68 0.02452 180.00 0.4406 65.61 0.1489
-15.00 3.752 93.88 0.02502 190.00 0.3457 39.10 0.1l31
-10.00 3.729 94.33 0.02530 195.00 0.3210 32.88 0.1024
-5.00 3.707 93.69 0.02528 200.00 0.3026 28.91 0.09552
0.00 3.692 92.60 0.02508 205.00 0.2882 26.40 0.09158
5.00 3.680 91.36 0.02482 210.00 0.2759 24.58 0.08910
10.00 3.668 89.39 0.02437 220.00 0.2568 22.58 0.08796
15.00 3.657 87.09 0.02381 225.00 0.2491 22.05 0.08852
20.00 3.646 84.88 0.02328 230.00 0.2418 21.63 0.08946
30.00 3.622 80.13 0.02212 235.00 0.2353 21.15 0.08987
40.00 3.600 76.01 0.021ll 240.00 0.2310 20.96 0.09072
45.00 3.588 73.24 0.02041 250.00 0.2209 20.29 0.09186
50.00 3.569 71.71 0.02009 255.00 0.2162 20.07 0.09284
55.00 3.546 70.98 0.02001 260.00 0.2144 20.36 0.09495
60.00 3.525 70.17 0.01991 265.00 0.2ll7 20.13 0.09509
70.00 3.477 68.99 0.01984 270.00 0.2081 20.05 0.09636
75.00 3.448 68.66 0.01991 280.00 0.2181 19.41 0.08899
80.00 3.415 68.67 0.020ll 285.00 0.1964 19.73 0.1005
85.00 3.380 69.04 0.02043 290.00 0.1789 19.31 0.1079
90.00 3.344 69.55 0.02080 295.00 0.1720 18.81 0.1093
100.00 3.277 71.23 0.02173 300.00 0.1671 18.45 0.1l04
105.00 3.249 72.23 0.02223 305.00 0.1586 18.01 0.1l36
1l0.00 3.223 73.39 0.02277 310.00 0.1468 17.47 0.1l90
ll5.00 3.199 75.03 0.02346 315.00 0.1341 16.92 0.1262
120.00 3.174 76.83 0.02420 320.00 0.1l94 16.26 0.1362
130.00 3.123 83.16 0.02663 325.00 0.1017 15.44 0.1519

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

104

Graph 69: Storage and loss properties for Exxon Escorene 1032 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP).

5 200
AIlIP 11tude (P-p) -0 .50 IMl
I
4.381°C
155.5 MPa
i
4 J 0.20
i 150
i
i ....til
.... 0.i5 Cii

,/
/ a
c
Ql 0-

.w
~
w
....co
\
\" -''''''''''
,./ 100
...
/' T I
I
'" ~ I
I',
, "
112.1°C
0.1173 1 0.10
.!.

"
1 " 50
' ............ 0.05

22.45°C
' ....
o 0.05924

---.-----.-,-----...,--.... i '--y--- _ . ~ - -. .,.-----r-----'-" ' - - r - - - ' - ' - ' " o

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200
Temperature (Oe) DMA v3.18

Graph 70: Storage and loss properties for Polypropylene 400121 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP).

5 ...--_ ....-,._'_.- .~ ....._. __ _..•.. _ -

. ..-.- ..• ..... -
200
Aalpl1tude (P-p) -0.80 IDIIl
-56.6SoC 17. 22°C
4.029 SPa I~
178.0 MPe
I
I \
\ i
~
4 f
I \
\
I

I
I \
\ I
I
I
I
I I
I
\ .I 0.4
150

.f
I
I \
f \
3 co
........
f I
Cii
0-
~ ,I f
I \
\ I G)
Cii
0-
.w
I
\

,
/'
\
\
.I a
c: . ~

,, "
\
\
, ./ ....«l 100
...
UJ

I
\
2 23.00·C
--'" 2.342 SPa \ , 102.S·C
// T I
0.2
I
I
I
"" 0.1347
1 .!.
" --t-'/'
29.87·C 'y'
/'
....--+._- .
1 0.07684 \
\

--_.----'
50
,,-' '"
" .......
....

........... 0.0
o

"---r-''''''''-r--- • . . _ - -'-r-' -r- --,- __r___.--r-•.... - r - ,

-100 -50 0 SO 100 150
"T"0

200
' ..
o
Telllperature (·e) OMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 105

Table 69: Storage and loss properties for Exxon Escorene 1032 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP). (tabular
data for Graph 69)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 4.395 78.71 0.01791 55.00 1.096 82.77 0.07552
-50.00 4.356 79.61 0.01827 60.00 0.9582 80.24 0.08375
-45.00 4.305 81.45 0.01892 65.00 0.8353 76.40 0.09146
-40.00 4.241 82.99 0.01957 70.00 0.7387 72.21 0.09776
-35.00 4.162 85.59 0.02057 75.00 0.6596 68.01 0.1031
-30.00 4.076 88.01 0.02159 80.00 0.5923 63.55 0.1073
-25.00 3.977 91.68 0.02305 85.00 0.5392 59.33 0.1100
-20.00 3.869 97.16 0.02511 90.00 0.4901 55.03 0.1123
-15.00 3.742 107.2 0.02865 95.00 0.4523 51.43 0.1137
-10.00 3.574 123.2 0.03449 100.00 0.4173 47.95 0.1149
-5.00 3.367 140.9 0.04185 105.00 0.3845 44.61 0.1160
0.00 3.130 153.0 0.04887 110.00 0.3547 41.52 0.1171
5.00 2.882 155.3 0.05391 115.00 0.3262 38.49 0.1180
10.00 2.660 150.4 0.05655 120.00 0.2992 35.76 0.1195
15.00 2.436 141.0 0.05789 125.00 0.2701 33.02 0.1223
20.00 2.225 130.9 0.05883 130.00 0.2437 30.48 0.1251
25.00 2.031 121.4 0.05976 135.00 0.2171 28.12 0.1295
30.00 1.857 112.4 0.06053 140.00 0.1892 25.93 0.1371
35.00 1.709 104.5 0.06114 145.00 0.1571 23.45 0.1493
40.00 1.567 97.14 0.06197 150.00 0.1296 21.25 0.1640
45.00 1.418 90.80 0.06402 155.00 0.09789 18.62 0.1903
50.00 1.254 85.97 0.06859

Table 70: Storage and loss properties for Polypropylene 400121 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP). (tabular
data for Graph 70)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 4.024 86.17 0.02142 55.00 1.104 83.51 0.07564
-50.00 3.992 86.94 0.02178 60.00 0.9885 79.36 0.08029
-45.00 3.946 89.73 0.02274 65.00 0.8666 75.72 0.08737
-40.00 3.885 93.73 0.02413 70.00 0.7485 71.69 0.09578
-35.00 3.815 97.98 0.02569 75.00 0.6349 67.70 0.1066
-25.00 3.658 104.9 0.02868 80.00 0.5393 62.05 0.1151
-20.00 3.569 109.8 0.03078 85.00 0.4572 56.15 0.1228
-15.00 3.482 115.3 0.03312 90.00 0.3963 50.73 0.1280
-10.00 3.377 124.1 0.03675 95.00 0.3536 46.47 0.1314
-5.00 3.265 135.6 0.04153 100.00 0.3183 42.58 0.1338
0.00 3.124 150.5 0.04818 105.00 0.2884 39.18 0.1359
5.00 2.988 162.9 0.05450 110.00 0.2612 36.13 0.1383
10.00 2.867 170.6 0.05953 115.00 0.2361 33.45 0.1417
15.00 2.667 177.2 0.06645 120.00 0.2124 31.22 0.1470
20.00 2.453 176.6 0.07200 125.00 0.1894 28.75 0.1518
25.00 2.253 169.5 0.07523 130.00 0.1663 26.63 0.1602
30.00 2.046 156.8 0.07663 135.00 0.1440 24.52 0.1703
35.00 1.752 132.6 0.07567 140.00 0.1208 22.38 0.1853
40.00 1.527 113.2 0.07415 145.00 0.09692 20.12 0.2077
45.00 1.362 99.26 0.07290 150.00 0.07132 17.56 0.2464
50.00 1.225 89.64 0.07320 155.00 0.04185 13.97 0.3345

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

106

Graph 71: Storage and loss properties for Polypropylene 400145 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP).

5 250
Allpl1tude (P-p) -0.80 mm
20.90·C

·Ii
210.7 NPa

,I~\
4 \
I ·I 0.8 200

I·
I
-56.52·C I
I
4.370 GPa I • I
I I
I •

3 I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
....«I 0.6 150
iii I
D. /
I I I rot
CD
iii
0-

.
/ \
S I
C 6
UJ
---"" --'" 23.00·C
...
",'" I
\
\
\ , .I C
«I
I-
UJ
..,
""' ,I
I 2 2.798 SPa .... ........
""",,
", 105.9·C
I
•
I
I
T
1
. 0.4 100 I
I
I
...!.

1 " 0.1278
' ./ 0.2 50
2B.BB·C
0.OB260 " ,/
,.,...-+-._--,"""- -~---
' ........
--------....,.,.,... ""'...... ......
0 0.0 0

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (·C) DNA v3.1B

Graph 72: Storage and loss properties for Montell PF062-2 20% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP).

8 180
Allpl1tude (P-p) -0.80 11m
70.0Soe
-60.72·C 161.8 MPa
•I
6.485 ePa
0.10
2. 419°C ,n.\ I
160

__ /
149.2 toPa
•
6
... .......... / /
\ •I

"iQ I
92. 12°C
\ /
/
.......
II
0.08
140
iii
D.
S
.UJ
I I
I
0.06189 / ~
c
0-

.
~

4
I 23.00·C
II
l- 0.06
..,
UJ

I
120
I
I
I
4.S83 SPa T I
I
I
I

I
I
I
1 ..!.
I
I '----\ \
0.04
100
2 I "",.-- \

/
~~./
/ / " S7.90°C
0.03572
I
\I
\•
0.02

80

0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
TellPerature (·C) OMA vS.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 107

Table 71 : Storage and loss properties for Polypropylene 400145 unfilled, homopolymer polypropylene (PP). (tabular
data for Graph 71)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 4.367 115.9 0.02654 55.00 1.211 97.61 0.08058
-50.00 4.344 115.3 0.02655 60.00 1.095 94.11 0.08592
-45.00 4.301 116.5 0.02710 65.00 0.9839 91.20 0.09270
-40.00 4.253 118.6 0.02789 70.00 0.8729 87.99 0.1008
-35.00 4.196 120.6 0.02875 75.00 0.7662 83.14 0.1085
-30.00 4.134 122.5 0.02963 80.00 0.6689 77.70 0.1162
-25.00 4.068 124.0 0.03048 85.00 0.5873 71.57 0.1219
-20.00 3.995 126.2 0.03160 90.00 0.5172 64.95 0.1256
-15.00 3.928 129.3 0.03291 95.00 0.4553 57.96 0.1273
-10.00 3.852 134.5 0.03492 100.00 0.4027 51.42 0.1277
-5.00 3.778 142.8 0.03780 105.00 0.3554 45.38 0.1277
0.00 3.676 156.9 0.04268 110.00 0.3121 39.61 0.1269
5.00 3.563 173.2 0.04862 115.00 0.2722 34.29 0.1260
10.00 3.418 190.5 0.05574 120.00 0.2370 29.89 0.1261
15.00 3.228 204.0 0.06321 125.00 0.2031 26.20 0.1290
20.00 2.986 210.3 0.07043 130.00 0.1728 23.30 0.1349
25.00 2.645 207.3 0.07839 135.00 0.1426 20.72 0.1453
30.00 2.165 178.8 0.08257 140.00 0.1152 18.43 0.1600
35.00 1.812 140.9 0.07775 145.00 0.08798 16.28 0.1852
40.00 1.573 116.2 0.07389 150.00 0.05753 13.80 0.2402
45.00 1.439 107.7 0.07480 155.00 0.02596 11.01 0.4270
50.00 1.324 101.7 0.07679

Table 72: Storage and loss properties for Montell PF062-2 20% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP). (tabular data for
Graph 72)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 6.484 84.53 0.01304 55.00 3.503 150.8 0.04304
-55.00 6.463 83.39 0.01290 60.00 3.322 156.3 0.04705
-50.00 6.433 83.31 0.01295 65.00 3.124 160.5 0.05136
-45.00 6.400 84.74 0.01324 70.00 2.928 161.8 0.05525
-40.00 6.353 86.86 0.01367 75.00 2.751 160.5 0.05835
-35.00 6.294 90.38 0.01436 80.00 2.606 157.2 0.06031
-30.00 6.228 93.75 0.01505 85.00 2.489 152.5 0.06128
-25.00 6.142 99.75 0.01624 90.00 2.390 147.4 0.06168
-20.00 6.036 108.0 0.01790 95.00 2.306 141.9 0.06153
-15.00 5.916 117.6 0.01987 100.00 2.232 136.8 0.06127
-10.00 5.775 128.5 0.02225 105.00 2.164 131.9 0.06096
-5.00 5.537 141.6 0.02558 110.00 2.100 127.2 0.06057
0.00 5.274 148.8 0.02821 115.00 2.038 122.7 0.06019
5.00 5.039 149.0 0.02958 120.00 1.975 119.3 0.06043
15.00 4.640 146.1 0.03149 125.00 1.906 116.0 0.06087
20.00 4.467 145.1 0.03248 130.00 1.828 112.2 0.06142
25.00 4.327 144.7 0.03344 135.00 1.735 108.9 0.06279
30.00 4.192 143.9 0.03433 140.00 1.631 107.1 0.06568
35.00 4.080 143.4 0.03515 145.00 1.505 106.3 0.07063
40.00 3.971 143.6 0.03615 150.00 1.344 103.6 0.07707
45.00 3.835 144.3 0.03763 155.00 1.122 97.98 0.08731
50.00 3.674 146.9 0.04000

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

108

Graph 73: Storage and loss properties for Montell PF072·3C 30% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP).

10..,....--------------------------------r- 250
Allpl1tude (p-p) -0.50 ...
-60.80·C
8.268 GPa

8
200
0.15

'"
....
+J
150 Ii
.~w
Q)
o
. c
~
ILl
0.10
...
T I
I

1 100 I
..!.

2
0.05
50

+--~--..,....-_..__-__...--...._-___r-- --..._-__r--...._-__...--~--+_O .......

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200
TellPerature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Graph 74: Storage and loss properties for Montell PF072·4C 40% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP).

2000
AllPl1tude (P-p) -0.40 . .
-0.141~·C
39.62 kPSI
;\\,
I ,,-+-..." , , I 40

I
I
I
I ,
" I
I
, 0.12

I
1I " ,
, I
I
I \
\ , 35
1500
I
I
I ,
',_ ...../ 77.60·C
39.74 kPSI
\
,
\
\
/ 0.10
-60.67·C
1498. kPSI I
I
\
\
\ /
, III
H I \ , '/ ....
+J
30 H
CIl
a.
2!
.ILl
1
1
I
1
t
,.x
~/\
0
III

c
0.08
CIl
a.
.
2!
III ILl
1000 I
I
I
,/ \ ~

25 7
23.00·C / UO.4·C \

I T
I I
I 10~4. kPSI / ' 0.07237 \
\ I
0.06 I
I
...
,"_-....J
, I , \
\ 1
I
,~
, \
\
/ \
\ 0.04
20
500 -+--/' \
\
,/-- \
I
I

_-- .. . ...,/
,/ ~.33·C
0.03460
1
~ 0.02 15

-50 o 50 100 150 200

TelllPereture (·C)

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 109

Table 73: Storage and loss properties for Montell PF072-3C 30% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP). (tabular data for
Graph 73)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 8.265 102.5 0.01240 50.00 4.434 187.9 0.04237

-55.00 8.237 104.8 0.01272 55.00 4.198 191.3 0.04558
-50.00 8.196 107.8 0.01315 60.00 3.958 196.6 0.04966
-45.00 8.142 111.6 0.01371 65.00 3.727 202.7 0.05437
-40.00 8.081 115.5 0.01430 70.00 3.502 205.9 0.05881
-35.00 8.019 120.1 0.01498 75.00 3.299 205.2 0.06220
-30.00 7.939 127.5 0.01606 80.00 3.126 202.4 0.06473
-25.00 7.824 141.1 0.01804 85.00 2.976 197.8 0.06648
-20.00 7.665 162.4 0.02118 90.00 2.842 192.6 0.06777
-15.00 7.432 189.7 0.02552 95.00 2.714 187.3 0.06902
-10.00 7.136 213.1 0.02986 100.00 2.596 180.7 0.06962
-5.00 6.804 223.6 0.03286 105.00 2.484 174.5 0.07025
0.00 6.481 223.3 0.03445 110.00 2.368 168.8 0.07128
5.00 6.210 219.9 0.03541 115.00 2.255 163.1 0.07234
10.00 5.975 217.8 0.03645 120.00 2.143 158.5 0.07396
15.00 5.765 215.5 0.03738 125.00 2.018 154.1 0.07639
20.00 5.589 212.9 0.03810 130.00 1.880 148.1 0.07875
25.00 5.418 208.9 0.03855 135.00 1.710 139.3 0.08146
30.00 5.241 203.0 0.03873 140.00 1.523 131.4 0.08628
35.00 5.041 195.9 0.03885 145.00 1.319 122.3 0.09272
40.00 4.850 190.3 0.03924 150.00 1.064 108.9 0.1024
45.00 4.654 187.2 0.04024 155.00 0.7125 83.44 0.1172

Table 74: Storage and loss properties for Montell PF072-4C 40% glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP). (tabular data for
Graph 74)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 1498. 22.26 0.01486 55.00 844.0 35.02 0.04149

-55.00 1497. 21.68 0.01448 60.00 799.2 36.42 0.04557
-50.00 1494. 21.49 0.01439 65.00 752.9 37.87 0.05030
-45.00 1488. 21.47 0.01443 70.00 708.2 38.94 0.05499
-40.00 1479. 21.73 0.01470 75.00 668.3 39.61 0.05927
-35.00 1466. 22.62 0.01543 80.00 634.9 39.70 0.06253
-30.00 1452. 23.72 0.01634 85.00 607.1 39.43 0.06495
-25.00 1436. 25.41 0.01769 90.00 583.8 39.09 0.06696
-20.00 1420. 27.29 0.01921 95.00 563.2 38.55 0.06845
-15.00 1400. 30.33 0.02166 100.00 543.5 37.96 0.06984
-10.00 1372. 34.00 0.02479 105.00 523.0 37.32 0.07135
-5.00 1324. 37.97 0.02867 110.00 501.0 36.23 0.07232
0.00 1260. 39.61 0.03144 115.00 476.9 34.90 0.07317
5.00 1206. 38.99 0.03233 120.00 450.2 33.39 0.07417
10.00 1158. 38.00 0.03283 125.00 420.1 31.81 0.07572
15.00 1116. 37.35 0.03348 130.00 387.9 30.22 0.07790
20.00 1076. 36.73 0.03412 135.00 353.3 28.62 0.08103
25.00 1040. 35.96 0.03457 140.00 316.0 27.04 0.08557
30.00 1005. 34.99 0.03481 145.00 275.7 25.36 0.09200
35.00 973.4 34.17 0.03510 150.00 231.0 23.23 0.1006
40.00 943.6 33.62 0.03563 155.00 177.5 19.95 0.1124
45.00 914.8 33.56 0.03668 160.00 107.9 14.16 0.1313
50.00 882.4 34.02 0.03855

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

110

Graph 75: Storage and loss properties for Ferro RPP40EA63UL 40% glass fiber filled, chemically coupled
polypropylene (PP).

12 300

~
Allpl1tude (P-p) -0.40 lUI
82.93°e
275.3 MPa
.I
+-~
,.-+--.....
i / " 0.12
10
-58.S1°C I
I ,
, ,I
,I
I ''I.
10.72 SPa 250
I" ''I."
I
I
I ,
,
,
,I 0.10
/~
" ,/
8 8. 154°C ~,-.,..""
I
\
coa. 228.3 MPa I
I
I
I, ......
III
II
Cll Q.
I U1.S·C '
~
w
I
I
I
I
23.00·C
7.901 SPa
0.06408
/
'
/ \\
\ 0
c
III
0.08 200 .
~
W
6
I
.~
'
\
\
l-
...
I
I
I \ T I
I
I ./ \ I
0.06 I
I

I
I
I

/
I
I 1 ..!..
4

I
I
I
I
/
I
I, I 0.04
150

/'
......
,/
,/
,/ '

2 ........,,'
"I
/ " ----~
0.02
........./ '
_.-' 30.85·C
0.02918
100

0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature (Oe) DMA v3.18

Graph 76: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran PPG40 40% long glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP).

. , . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " ' " ' T ' " 300

Amp11tude(p-p)-0.40 mm
12 81.03°C
277 . 4 MPa ..._+__
,/ ....., .....

I
,I ----, 'I.
-48.66°e I ''I.
10 11. 48 GPa ,/ " 0.15 250
/ " 'I.
,
I
,,-j..-- - ,...-----,.

23.00 o C
\,
......
CI
III
a.
8
I
I
I
8.206 SPa ,
\
II
o
.w
I
~ I
. I -0.9329°C C
w
II ....CI
240.4 MPa 0.10 200
...
I
6 I
I
I T I
I
I
(

1 ..!..

_......
I
I
I
4 I
( .........
/ ° ..........---. 0.05 150
( 7.694 C /'
/ 0 . 02593 ...../
,/
, ----j--
2
._-
._.
./
..---,/
/"
.,...-,~'
41.12°C
0.03228
o -+----.----~-___,..___---.----r---r---_r_--...__--..___-____.----,.-.L. 100
-50 o 50 100 150 200
Temperature (OC) DMA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 111

Table 75: Storage and loss properties for Ferro RPP40EA63UL 40% glass fiber filled, chemically coupled polypropylene
(PP). (tabular data for Graph 75)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 10.71 111.1 0.01037 55.00 6.511 233.3 0.03582

-50.00 10.77 110.9 0.01030 60.00 6.171 246.5 0.03995
-45.00 10.74 116.8 0.01088 65.00 5.825 259.5 0.04455
-40.00 10.65 123.9 0.01163 70.00 5.509 267.7 0.04860
-35.00 10.54 131.1 0.01244 75.00 5.223 273.5 0.05237
-30.00 10.41 139.3 0.01338 80.00 4.994 274.9 0.05505
-25.00 10.28 149.2 0.01451 85.00 4.794 275.5 0.05747
-20.00 10.12 162.0 0.01600 90.00 4.618 273.8 0.05928
-15.00 9.945 179.4 0.01804 95.00 4.457 270.4 0.06066
-10.00 9.710 199.5 0.02055 100.00 4.306 267.4 0.03209
-5.00 9.434 216.3 0.02293 105.00 4.159 262.0 0.06300
0.00 9.138 225.3 0.02465 110.00 4.007 255.5 0.06378
5.00 8.841 227.9 0.02578 115.00 3.848 249.7 0.06489
10.00 8.555 227.9 0.02664 120.00 3.665 244.7 0.06678
15.00 8.281 227.3 0.02745 125.00 3.480 239.8 0.06890
20.00 8.024 226.6 0.02824 130.00 3.271 232.8 0.07118
25.00 7.836 225.0 0.02871 135.00 3.041 226.4 0.07445
30.00 7.674 223.5 0.02913 140.00 2.782 220.2 0.07916
35.00 7.495 221.1 0.02950 145.00 2.481 214.0 0.08627
40.00 7.305 220.0 0.03012 150.00 2.115 203.0 0.09597
45.00 7.078 220.8 0.03119 155.00 1.631 178.5 0.1095
50.00 6.816 224.3 0.03291

Table 76: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran PPG40 40% long glass fiber filled polypropylene (PP).
(tabular data for Graph 76)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-45.00 11.46 118.9 0.01038 60.00 6.646 264.1 0.03974

-40.00 11.45 121.3 0.01059 65.00 6.365 271.2 0.04261
-35.00 11.45 127.4 0.01113 70.00 6.117 275.4 0.04503
-30.00 11.43 136.2 0.01192 75.00 5.908 277.0 0.04688
-25.00 11.29 151.7 0.01344 80.00 5.727 277.2 0.04840
-20.00 11.05 177.2 0.01604 85.00 5.558 277.4 0.04991
-15.00 10.69 206.2 0.01929 90.00 5.395 276.0 0.05116
-10.00 10.33 231.2 0.02239 95.00 5.242 275.4 0.05255
-5.00 9.968 239.5 0.02403 100.00 5.095 274.2 0.05382
0.00 9.614 240.2 0.02498 105.00 4.952 271.5 0.05482
5.00 9.297 237.7 0.02557 110.00 4.809 269.3 0.05599
15.00 8.682 238.5 0.02748 115.00 4.651 268.8 0.05779
20.00 8.379 240.9 0.02875 120.00 4.491 267.7 0.05961
25.00 8.101 242.9 0.02999 125.00 4.325 266.9 0.06171
30.00 7.856 243.8 0.03103 130.00 4.114 259.8 0.06314
35.00 7.658 244.6 0.03194 135.00 3.860 254.8 0.06600
40.00 7.562 244.1 0.03228 140.00 3.557 251.9 0.07083
45.00 7.430 244.0 0.03285 145.00 3.200 247.5 0.07737
50.00 7.200 248.0 0.03444 150.00 2.737 239.1 0.08734
55.00 6.932 255.8 0.03690 155.00 2.020 213.1 0.1056

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

112

Graph 77: Storage and loss properties for Ferro HPP40GR09BK 10% glass fiber, 30% talc filled polypropylene (PP).

1 0 . , . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 250
Amp11tude(p-p)-0.40 .m
('!--, 9.030·C 0.12-
I \ 234.7 MPa
II ...\ I' .
e
,
I \
\ ,
I \ /
-60.54·C \ ,,+-, 70.57·C I
O. 10 L.- 200
8.907 6Pa I \..... / ... 204.8 MPe /
I '-_/ '"
I
I
I
\ / III
I
I
23.00·C \ ,I' ....
+J
o.oeJ. co:l.
I 5.839 BPe \ ,/ Ql
I a
.
UJ I
I
I
~---~. 112. 7·C c
ill
, ~
,
~
I //-- '-"", 0.07238 l- I- 150
I 7
.- I I , 0.06-
/ " T, I
I
r"" I

'---'
--,,""
1 I "

\
\\
1 1- J.
0.04-
\ J
\
\ :- 100
2
0. 02 1
..
O-+----.----,r--......---....------..----y-----.-----,--.....----.---....--..---+ 50
-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1S

Graph 78: Storage and loss properties for Ferro TPP40AC45BK 40% talc filled polypropylene (PP).

10 300
Amplitude (P-P)-0.40 mm
0.1470·C
n.., 258.7 MPa
,I
I
B I ' ..... 250
-5B.77·C f .......... 0.20
,/
I .....
8.770 GPa f " ,..., 57.56·C
I
I 204.3 MPa /
f
I ''--+- .....,
,, / 200
coa. 6
f
I
f
,, / ...co
r1
0.15 Iii
I QJ a.
.~UJ .-/
\
\ / a
.e
,,1 \ ,/ c:
co UJ
/' '/ I- 150
" -.-.I
I
'---' 23.00·C 98.29·C
4
4.964 GPa /,X" 0.1149 T I
I
,/' '" ,,
,, 1 0.10

100
..!.

...,
2
./
/ " ,,,
...-- --.-1- , \
0.05
50
,, , / ...
\

/ 37.54·C
0
_.-'...-' 0.05187

0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.iS

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 113

Table 77: Storage and loss properties for Ferro HPP40GR09BK 10% glass fiber, 30% talc filled polypropylene (PP).
(tabular data for Graph 77)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 8.906 113.8 0.01278 50.00 4.768 190.8 0.04001

-55.00 8.885 113.2 0.01274 55.00 4.546 192.0 0.04224
-50.00 8.846 115.0 0.01300 60.00 4.203 197.2 0.04694
-45.00 8.790 117.6 0.01338 65.00 3.863 202.2 0.05235
-40.00 8.719 121.0 0.01387 70.00 3.555 204.9 0.05765
-35.00 8.636 124.7 0.01444 75.00 3.291 203.8 0.06195
-30.00 8.543 130.6 0.01528 80.00 3.074 199.8 0.06501
-25.00 8.452 134.0 0.01586 85.00 2.893 193.9 0.06704
-20.00 8.343 140.7 0.01686 90.00 2.742 187.7 0.06844
-15.00 8.209 149.8 0.01825 95.00 2.611 181.5 0.06951
-10.00 8.048 163.2 0.02028 100.00 2.494 175.5 0.07037
-5.00 7.814 185.6 0.02375 105.00 2.380 169.6 0.07124
0.00 7.496 212.2 0.02831 110.00 2.267 163.1 0.07195
5.00 7.106 230.2 0.03240 115.00 2.156 156.8 0.07273
10.00 6.728 234.7 0.03488 120.00 2.050 151.2 0.07374
15.00 6.353 230.9 0.03634 125.00 1.941 146.0 0.07518
20.00 6.016 223.3 0.03713 130.00 1.830 141.0 0.07704
25.00 5.727 214.0 0.03736 135.00 1.712 136.2 0.07958
30.00 5.485 205.2 0.03741 140.00 1.583 131.3 0.08297
35.00 5.295 198.6 0.03751 145.00 1.435 125.2 0.08721
40.00 5.140 194.6 0.03787 150.00 1.263 118.2 0.09353
45.00 4.970 191.8 0.03860 155.00 1.058 109.1 0.1032

Table 78 Storage and loss properties for Ferro TPP40AC45BK 40% talc filled polypropylene (PP). (tabular data for
Graph 78)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 8.753 137.4 0.01570 55.00 3.288 204.1 0.06206

-50.00 8.705 138.9 0.01596 60.00 2.935 204.0 0.06952
-45.00 8.626 142.0 0.01646 65.00 2.582 202.9 0.07857
-40.00 8.502 146.8 0.01727 70.00 2.256 197.8 0.08766
-35.00 8.356 152.1 0.01820 75.00 1.996 190.0 0.09518
-30.00 8.203 157.4 0.01918 80.00 1.787 180.1 0.1008
-25.00 8.026 165.3 0.02060 85.00 1.601 169.2 0.1057
-20.00 7.818 178.6 0.02285 90.00 1.446 158.6 0.1097
-15.00 7.562 199.7 0.02641 95.00 1.311 148.0 0.1129
-10.00 7.223 228.0 0.03157 100.00 1.193 138.7 0.1163
-5.00 6.820 251.4 0.03687 105.00 1.085 130.2 0.1200
0.00 6.427 258.8 0.04027 110.00 0.9829 122.3 0.1244
5.00 6.067 256.2 0.04224 115.00 0.8877 114.4 0.1289
10.00 5.738 251.2 0.04378 120.00 0.7942 106.6 0.1343
15.00 5.425 246.9 0.04551 125.00 0.7054 98.95 0.1403
20.00 5.127 242.5 0.04730 130.00 0.6221 90.74 0.1459
25.00 4.858 237.9 0.04897 135.00 0.5424 82.68 0.1524
30.00 4.635 232.7 0.05020 140.00 0.4684 75.45 0.1611
35.00 4.398 225.7 0.05132 145.00 0.3990 67.65 0.1695
40.00 4.164 218.2 0.05239 150.00 0.3271 59.38 0.1815
45.00 3.911 211.0 0.05395 155.00 0.2497 49.19 0.1970
50.00 3.623 205.7 0.05677

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

114

Graph 79: Storage and loss properties for Ferro MPP40FJ15NA 40% mica filled, chemically coupled polypropylene (PP).

12 300
Amp11tude(p-p)-0.40 IIIlI
12.92°C
256.S MPa
-k. ,.+, 66.37°C I

10 ~ "--t--,,.... /' , 260.S MPII / 250

I
I --' \,
-5B.5S·C
10.53 SPa ~ \
\ i
B
1\
I
\
\
\ i 0.2
I
I
\
\
\ / l!l
.....
200
ro I
I \
\ ,, / ....Ql -.0
0- I
,, 0-
~
W
6 I
I
I
I

103.S·C \~/
/ 0
c:
III
150
.~
l1J
I 23.00°C I-
I 0.1062 /\ 'T

I ,...'
6.301 SPa ..f""' ,
,./
I
,\ T 0.1
I
I
, /' ,, I
I
4
_/
,.,,~/
, 1 100
..!..
/' \
\

------+-......-'
\
\

----- ----
\
2 \
./---- \
\
\ 50
36.30·C \ 0.0
0.04407
\ ,
0

0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature (·C) OHA v3.1B

Graph 80: Storage and loss properties for Montell SB224-2C 20% glass fiber filled polypropylene copolymer
(PP copolymer).

6-r---------------------------------,- 1S0
Amp11tude(p-p)-0.70 mm
-31.B1·C -7.739·C /,j.,;, /'
166.3 M a n.: /n--, "
,. , _ /
167 .4 MPa
I
,. \
\ 74.49°C /' 160
',- ,. " " \ 169.6 MPa
'-'\.,,"-- -,_J/ \
\ I '
-5S.73°C
5.204 SPa
4 \, i 0.15 140

'\ j III
.....
0-
III
\ i ....
Ql 120 -.0
Q.
t!) 23.00°C
3.476 SPa
\- I 0
c .
~
l1J 101.9·C \(' III UJ
l- 0.10
0.08603 /" 100 'T
, \
---+-- \, T I
I
, I

/
/ \
\, 1 80
..!..
\
/ \
\

------ -- -t'"-- \ 0.05

\
..--- .
\
60
o -------- 41.73°C I
0.04702 \
40

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200

Temperature (OC) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 115

Table 79: Storage and loss properties for Ferro MPP40FJ15NA 40% mica filled, chemically coupled polypropylene (PP).
(tabular data for Graph 79)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 10.49 98.59 0.009401 55.00 4.466 251.5 0.05631
-45.00 10.15 111.6 0.01099 60.00 4.036 257.7 0.06385
-40.00 10.03 118.0 0.01176 65.00 3.585 260.8 0.07275
-35.00 9.892 126.0 0.01273 70.00 3.210 260.3 0.08110
-30.00 9.742 134.1 0.01376 75.00 2.894 252.8 0.08734
-25.00 9.566 147.7 0.01544 80.00 2.617 240.7 0.09196
-20.00 9.356 167.7 0.01792 85.00 2.416 231.4 0.09578
-15.00 9.094 194.4 0.02137 90.00 2.218 219.6 0.09899
-10.00 8.766 223.9 0.02554 95.00 2.040 207.2 0.1015
-5.00 8.391 244.6 0.02915 100.00 1.875 195.3 0.1041
0.00 7.981 254.4 0.03188 105.00 1.722 183.9 0.1068
5.00 7.567 256.8 0.03393 110.00 1.575 173.4 0.1101
10.00 7.179 256.4 0.03572 115.00 1.431 163.3 0.1141
15.00 6.815 257.0 0.03771 120.00 1.300 153.8 0.1183
20.00 6.468 256.6 0.03967 125.00 1.169 145.5 0.1244
25.00 6.211 255.6 0.04115 130.00 1.043 137.0 0.1313
30.00 5.944 252.6 0.04249 135.00 0.9076 128.1 0.1412
35.00 5.680 248.7 0.04379 140.00 0.7648 117.4 0.1534
40.00 5.462 246.1 0.04506 145.00 0.6168 103.6 0.1680
45.00 5.205 244.8 0.04702 150.00 0.4625 84.97 0.1838
50.00 4.855 246.7 0.05082 155.00 0.2789 57.88 0.2077

Table 80: Storage and loss properties for Montell S8224-2C 20% glass fiber filled polypropylene copolymer (PP copoly-
mer). (tabular data for Graph 80)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 5.175 159.2 0.03076 55.00 2.849 151.4 0.05314
-50.00 5.115 156.4 0.03058 60.00 2.668 155.8 0.05840
-45.00 5.057 157.0 0.03104 65.00 2.472 162.1 0.06556
-40.00 4.990 160.5 0.03217 70.00 2.298 167.4 0.07287
-35.00 4.915 165.3 0.03363 75.00 2.161 169.6 0.07848
-30.00 4.833 165.6 0.03427 80.00 2.038 166.2 0.08153
-25.00 4.756 162.7 0.03420 85.00 1.919 159.8 0.08326
-20.00 4.665 162.6 0.03485 90.00 1.812 153.1 0.08444
-15.00 4.555 164.9 0.03621 95.00 1.710 145.9 0.08532
-10.00 4.428 166.9 0.03770 100.00 1.614 138.5 0.08581
-5.00 4.285 166.7 0.03891 105.00 1.523 131.4 0.08627
0.00 4.143 163.9 0.03956 110.00 1.436 124.9 0.08697
5.00 3.993 159.8 0.04003 115.00 1.349 118.9 0.08810
10.00 3.843 156.3 0.04068 120.00 1.262 113.6 0.09004
15.00 3.699 154.1 0.04166 125.00 1.191 111.8 0.09386
20.00 3.567 153.4 0.04301 130.00 1.097 106.1 0.09669
25.00 3.441 152.3 0.04426 135.00 0.9967 101.0 0.1013
30.00 3.367 152.4 0.04525 140.00 0.8901 95.73 0.1075
35.00 3.309 152.1 0.04598 145.00 0.7734 89.43 0.1156
40.00 3.233 151.2 0.04677 150.00 0.6356 81.37 0.1280
45.00 3.135 149.9 0.04782 155.00 0.4501 66.02 0.1467
50.00 2.994 149.6 0.04998

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

116

Graph 81: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Topas 5513 unfilled cyclic olefin copolymer.
 117

Table 81 Storage and loss properties for Ticona Topas 5513 unfilled cyclic olefin copolymer. (tabular data for Graph 81)

Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 3.069 18.75 0.006108 60.00 2.715 30.88 0.01138

-55.00 3.064 17.77 0.005800 65.00 2.699 31.25 0.01158
-50.00 3.054 17.32 0.005671 70.00 2.684 31.46 0.01172
-45.00 3.044 17.09 0.005615 75.00 2.665 32.20 0.01208
-40.00 3.031 17.57 0.005795 80.00 2.644 33.39 0.01263
-35.00 3.015 18.71 0.006205 85.00 2.617 35.57 0.01359
-30.00 2.992 20.83 0.006960 90.00 2.586 38.59 0.01492
-25.00 2.972 22.43 0.007547 95.00 2.554 43.02 0.01685
-20.00 2.958 24.08 0.008141 100.00 2.521 48.77 0.01935
-15.00 2.946 24.90 0.008453 105.00 2.487 55.88 0.02247
-5.00 2.924 25.88 0.008852 110.00 2.449 66.17 0.02702
0.00 2.912 26.42 0.009074 115.00 2.407 79.81 0.03316
5.00 2.899 26.77 0.009234 120.00 2.352 98.39 0.04184
10.00 2.884 27.35 0.009484 125.00 2.264 125.2 0.05532
15.00 2.872 27.57 0.009597 130.00 2.088 163.4 0.07830
20.00 2.860 28.08 0.009819 135.00 1.720 225.4 0.1312
25.00 2.847 28.17 0.009896 140.00 1.116 327.6 0.2947
30.00 2.829 28.76 0.01017 145.00 0.3843 391.6 1.040
35.00 2.804 29.85 0.01065 150.00 0.03920 149.3 3.869
40.00 2.782 30.81 0.01108 155.00 0.004323 34.35 7.974
45.00 2.764 30.86 0.01117 160.00 0.003208 15.67 4.903
50.00 2.748 30.87 0.01123 165.00 6.664E-4 10.67 16.01
55.00 2.732 30.76 0.01126 170.00 0.001904 9.293 4.938

Table 82 Storage and loss properties for Ticona Topas 6013 unfilled cyclic olefin copolymer. (tabular data for Graph 82)

Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 2.987 23.69 0.007932 60.00 2.582 34.94 0.01353

-55.00 2.982 22.96 0.007702 65.00 2.557 35.89 0.01403
-50.00 2.971 23.14 0.007788 70.00 2.530 37.04 0.01464
-45.00 2.953 23.91 0.008095 75.00 2.499 38.54 0.01542
-40.00 2.931 24.94 0.008510 80.00 2.466 40.67 0.01649
-35.00 2.914 25.51 0.008754 85.00 2.431 43.36 0.01784
-30.00 2.896 26.01 0.008982 90.00 2.395 46.58 0.01945
-25.00 2.880 26.61 0.009241 95.00 2.360 50.08 0.02122
-20.00 2.864 27.27 0.009521 100.00 2.326 54.24 0.02331
-15.00 2.848 27.86 0.009784 105.00 2.294 59.08 0.02576
-10.00 2.832 28.48 0.01006 110.00 2.261 65.32 0.02889
-5.00 2.816 28.74 0.01021 115.00 2.225 73.57 0.03307
0.00 2.800 29.08 0.01039 120.00 2.181 85.61 0.03925
5.00 2.783 29.49 0.01060 125.00 2.125 103.1 0.04854
10.00 2.767 29.96 0.01083 130.00 2.039 130.0 0.06375
15.00 2.749 30.69 0.01116 135.00 1.881 169.3 0.09002
20.00 2.732 31.17 0.01141 140.00 1.558 232.0 0.1490
25.00 2.716 31.65 0.01165 145.00 1.032 359.8 0.3499
30.00 2.701 31.93 0.01182 150.00 0.3582 421.2 1.192
35.00 2.686 32.27 0.01201 155.00 0.03407 121.2 3.602
40.00 2.666 32.91 0.01235 160.00 0.005770 30.23 5.237
45.00 2.646 33.22 0.01255 165.00 0.004901 15.14 3.096
50.00 2.626 33.71 0.01284 170.00 0.002557 10.46 4.222
55.00 2.605 34.24 0.01315

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

118

Graph 83: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl N225X flame retardant, moderate heat resistance syrene
modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE).

-S0.88·C
3.2!S1 SPa
AIIP 11tude (P-p) -I. 00

~i\
-t
143.8·C
- 350

300
133.0·C
3 310.1 .,pa I \'\
, II,
1.768
1.5
I VI
Ii
a.
~
Ul
2~
23.00·C
2.886 SPa ,

II
I !
II"
I
....III
.....
a
Q)

c:
III
1.0
250
ill
.l
Ul

, , I l- 200
...
I ,~ , I
1\
• I T• I
I

I
I
I
I
.II \\I 1 0.5 150
I
..!..
, I
I
• I
,
I
,/ , I

/
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0
-------
-------:::--.:==-===----------..
-'"
'----
./ \

0.0
100

"",,/
----'
50
-100 -!SO 0 50 100 1!50 200
Temperature (·C) DNA v3.1B

Graph 84: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl SE1X flame retardant, high heat resistance syrene
modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE).

4 ""1t----------------------------------""t-
i AIllp11 tude (P-p) -1.00 l1li
300 1
1

i ~
~ -J.- ~
-60.68·C PI 186.2·C
3.002 SPa 148.9-c I \ 3.052 ~ 250
23.00·C 266.2 MPa ' I
2.618 SPa f \ -t 3~
!, I, I I:
I
~

1
I
fI \I 'I iI III
~I 200
"iii
,I
, I II' .oJ
10
I, I
rl
f
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~
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III
D
C
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a.
.
~

~
/ I\
III Ul
150

~i
t-
I
T 7
T, ~ I

11~ I
/
I

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"
.L i

+
I
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! // I I, 1 100
_---r---------------,."
_L _-,/ , ,

~ }
t ,
...... ///......... \
, --_/ \ ~ 50
o~
\
G-j
I
I
r
I

-100
i
j i
-50
I
o 50
i i
100
I
150
I
200
Lo
Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 119

Table 83 Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl N225X flame retardant, moderate heat resistance syrene
modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE). (tabular data for Graph 83)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.250 66.71 0.02052 45.00 2.768 94.48 0.03414
-55.00 3.240 66.73 0.02059 50.00 2.734 94.88 0.03471
-50.00 3.224 67.67 0.02099 55.00 2.696 96.02 0.03561
-45.00 3.205 69.52 0.02169 60.00 2.658 97.20 0.03657
-40.00 3.180 71.83 0.02259 65.00 2.609 99.09 0.03798
-35.00 3.151 74.68 0.02370 70.00 2.546 103.0 0.04045
-30.00 3.119 77.58 0.02487 75.00 2.468 108.8 0.04409
-25.00 3.086 80.66 0.02614 80.00 2.381 116.3 0.04887
-20.00 3.055 83.20 0.02724 85.00 2.295 124.7 0.05433
-15.00 3.026 85.62 0.02829 90.00 2.214 133.0 0.03007
-10.00 3.001 87.08 0.02902 95.00 2.134 141.7 0.06638
-5.00 2.980 88.34 0.02964 100.00 2.048 151.3 0.07386
0.00 2.962 89.57 0.03023 105.00 1.946 164.1 0.08436
5.00 2.945 90.36 0.03068 110.00 1.823 179.8 0.09864
10.00 2.929 90.86 0.03102 115.00 1.660 199.8 0.1204
15.00 2.914 90.79 0.03115 120.00 1.421 226.0 0.1592
20.00 2.898 90.81 0.03134 125.00 1.096 257.6 0.2360
25.00 2.878 91.33 0.03174 130.00 0.7490 293.6 0.3989
30.00 2.855 92.09 0.03225 135.00 0.4361 303.9 0.7630
35.00 2.830 93.00 0.03287 140.00 0.1705 217.8 1.406
40.00 2.801 93.85 0.03351 145.00 0.06888 107.8 1.593

Table 84: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl SE1 X flame retardant, high heat resistance syrene modified
polyphenylene ether (modified PPE). (tabular data for Graph 84)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.002 49.44 0.01647 55.00 2.401 75.16 0.03130
-55.00 2.992 48.36 0.01616 60.00 2.370 74.68 0.03151
-50.00 2.977 48.71 0.01636 65.00 2.340 74.40 0.03180
-45.00 2.957 50.96 0.01723 70.00 2.307 74.38 0.03225
-40.00 2.932 54.76 0.01868 75.00 2.267 75.04 0.03311
-35.00 2.905 59.17 0.02036 80.00 2.218 76.65 0.03456
-30.00 2.877 63.91 0.02221 85.00 2.165 79.16 0.03657
-25.00 2.849 68.65 0.02409 90.00 2.111 82.21 0.03894
-20.00 2.820 72.43 0.02568 95.00 2.060 85.57 0.04155
-15.00 2.790 75.39 0.02702 100.00 2.006 89.87 0.04480
-10.00 2.764 77.62 0.02808 105.00 1.947 95.54 0.04906
-5.00 2.735 79.73 0.02915 110.00 1.888 102.8 0.05444
0.00 2.710 81.32 0.03001 115.00 1.825 111.1 0.06085
5.00 2.686 82.55 0.03074 120.00 1.752 122.3 0.06982
10.00 2.664 82.84 0.03110 125.00 1.659 137.2 0.08267
15.00 2.649 82.10 0.03100 130.00 1.535 156.7 0.1021
20.00 2.633 81.16 0.03082 135.00 1.349 182.2 0.1350
25.00 2.606 80.63 0.03094 140.00 1.080 212.0 0.1964
30.00 2.566 79.18 0.03086 145.00 0.7539 247.8 0.3293
35.00 2.528 78.24 0.03095 150.00 0.4377 266.6 0.6106
40.00 2.496 77.35 0.03099 155.00 0.1766 201.2 1.144
45.00 2.463 76.79 0.03117 160.00 0.04533 91.35 2.025
50.00 2.433 75.95 0.03122 165.00 0.01317 38.53 2.929

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

120

Graph 85: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl SE1-GFN1 10% glass fiber filled, flame retardant syrene
modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE).

5~------------------------------500
~11tude (P-p) -0.70 _

, I
, I

~400
, I
f \
\*
I,
182.S-C
1.~1 5
1
"
I

,
f \JI .\' 1.
23.00ee
3.78!5 BPe I , \. 300
,
I l.
,I
v 'Q.
iD

J\
,I C
10
~
1.0 .
~
UJ
1\
.1 200
-..
I
J \ T I
, I
I\
• I
I
1 0.5
I
.1.

,,
I
I 100
I ,
,/ \
\
\

------------------------ ./
' ... 0.0
o

o 80 100 200
TellPereture (·e) DMA v3.1B

Graph 86: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl GFN2 20% glass fiber filled syrene modified
polyphenylene ether (modified PPE).

6,....--------------------------------,.
AllPl;ucte -0.80 _ ~ (poop)

1\" ~ BOO
1\ l\ 1S1.S·C 1. 2 ~f
III \ 1.298
I I, •
41
i -60.87·C
S.226 SPa
23.00·C
4.966 BPa
I \
I /'\ \
I\ ~
1.
0
1 600

~ ~
,.\. -;;; 0.8

W J ,I ,\!I
I a
; 400
.
2~
UI
I I ~
f 1\ ~I 0.6 7

T
.... I / \
, I I

1
I
I
I
...!.
I I \ 0.41_
~1 I I r200
/ I \ '
I
__-- -"",/ I' \\ 0.2 -+'
i
o~
_--------- I \
I
------------------ /,
----------------------- -/'
0.0~0
-1i-~o-----fk)r-----dr------......--!5..,b----1..,.do-.......--1T'eol----20O
TellPerature (ee)
T"I ---Jo Ow. v3.1B
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 121

Table 85: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl SE1-GFN1 10% glass fiber filled, flame retardant syrene
modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE). (tabular data for Graph 85)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 4.062 37.48 0.009226 60.00 3.618 79.93 0.02209

-55.00 4.053 37.32 0.009208 65.00 3.593 79.75 0.02219
-50.00 4.041 37.29 0.009229 70.00 3.564 80.06 0.02247
-45.00 4.028 38.97 0.009674 75.00 3.530 80.99 0.02294
-40.00 4.011 41.45 0.01034 80.00 3.488 83.14 0.02384
-35.00 3.993 44.33 0.01110 85.00 3.425 86.99 0.02532
-30.00 3.971 47.52 0.01197 90.00 3.381 92.32 0.02731
-25.00 3.952 51.12 0.01293 95.00 3.325 98.82 0.02972
-20.00 3.936 54.91 0.01395 100.00 3.271 106.6 0.03258
-15.00 3.917 57.82 0.01476 105.00 3.217 115.5 0.03590
-10.00 3.895 61.01 0.01566 110.00 3.158 126.4 0.04001
-5.00 3.875 63.69 0.01644 115.00 3.089 139.8 0.04526
0.00 3.849 67.11 0.01744 120.00 3.005 157.1 0.05229
5.00 3.825 70.15 0.01834 125.00 2.890 182.0 0.06299
10.00 3.804 73.01 0.01919 130.00 2.729 217.4 0.07969
15.00 3.785 75.16 0.01986 135.00 2.468 271.4 0.1100
20.00 3.772 76.28 0.02023 140.00 2.031 338.4 0.1668
25.00 3.759 76.99 0.02048 145.00 1.469 406.2 0.2768
30.00 3.744 77.40 0.02067 150.00 0.9070 467.7 0.5169
35.00 3.723 78.44 0.02107 155.00 0.3932 385.9 0.9853
40.00 3.699 79.62 0.02152 160.00 0.1246 182.2 1.464
45.00 3.676 80.48 0.02189 165.00 0.05089 75.52 1.483
50.00 3.658 80.51 0.02201 170.00 0.02978 38.69 1.299
55.00 3.640 80.27 0.02206 175.00 0.02101 25.15 1.197

Table 86: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl GFN2 20% glass fiber filled syrene modified polyphenylene
ether (modified PPE). (tabular data for Graph 86)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 5.226 31.54 0.006035 60.00 4.811 71.75 0.01491

-55.00 5.215 30.39 0.005827 65.00 4.793 72.89 0.01521
-50.00 5.199 31.34 0.006027 70.00 4.770 74.66 0.01565
-45.00 5.183 32.36 0.006243 75.00 4.741 76.58 0.01615
-40.00 5.172 33.31 0.006441 80.00 4.706 79.71 0.01694
-35.00 5.160 34.71 0.006728 85.00 4.665 83.06 0.01781
-30.00 5.144 37.21 0.007234 90.00 4.623 86.71 0.01876
-25.00 5.127 39.26 0.007657 95.00 4.582 90.90 0.01984
-20.00 5.109 42.13 0.008247 100.00 4.542 95.81 0.02109
-15.00 5.094 44.58 0.008751 105.00 4.500 102.4 0.02275
-10.00 5.081 46.93 0.009235 110.00 4.454 111.5 0.02504
-5.00 5.064 49.42 0.009759 115.00 4.402 124.5 0.02827
0.00 ·5.044 51.72 0.01025 120.00 4.339 144.2 0.03323
5.00 5.023 54.38 0.01083 125.00 4.253 173.2 0.04072
10.00 5.003 56.44 0.01128 130.00 4.116 219.3 0.05328
15.00 4.984 57.89 0.01162 135.00 3.868 296.5 0.07666
20.00 4.974 57.97 0.01165 140.00 3.380 419.2 0.1241
25.00 4.960 58.90 0.01187 145.00 2.624 579.8 0.2213
30.00 4.943 61.02 0.01234 150.00 1.710 766.0 0.4490
35.00 4.918 64.11 0.01304 155.00 0.7557 680.6 0.9044
40.00 4.891 66.79 0.01366 160.00 0.2460 317.0 1.290
45.00 4.867 68.33 0.01404 165.00 0.1113 130.9 1.175
50.00 4.849 69.74 0.01438 170.00 0.06758 65.00 0.9614
55.00 4.830 70.61 0.01462 175.00 0.04792 40.28 0.8403

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

122

Graph 87: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl GFN3 30% glass fiber filled syrene modified
polyphenylene ether (modified PPE).

81
i Allpl1tude (P-p) 000.«5 - tI 1.2

~ **{
I /1 f \ 170.1-c
I 'I' \ 1.213
1.21-' 1. 0
~
6~ I I , ~
23.00·C 1.0

j 8.330 SPa
I
tI II' \\
I
, co
....
....
0.8

IV II
4~
a. I OJ 0.8
~ C
.
UJ I
"
,III
c
co
r-
0.6 •
UJ
I

T I
I
I\ 0.6
TI
I
, I
I ,I T
1 I
I

1 0.4 ..!.
I

I I

i ,\
2 I 0.4
I I
I
I
// i \ 0.2
1 ",'
,/
i
I
I
0.2

-----------------------------
-'" \
o~ /
_._--------------------- -' 0.0 0.0

o 50 100 200 2!50

TelllPerature (-C) DMA v3.1B

Graph 88: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 114040% glass fiber filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

12...,.-------------------------------""""T
AIlpl1 tude (P-p) -0. 2!5 11111
500

10 -60.4S0C
ti \ U6.80C 0.10
10.94 SPe 23.00°C
10.67 SPa
I' I\ 489.6 MPIlI /'

I \ I' 400
I \

8
I
f
\\ r •
i 0.08

1
I
,I
\ II
jJ .......
til
Ci
I \,\ 124.9~ II o
II)
300 ~
.
UJ
6 I"i \ 0.07140 ,)
c:
III
r-
0.06
UJ

7
I ./
I 4
If
I" I
II
It \'-.
\ .._

',-
--
.. •...,..,.-

----,-"\\
T
1 0.04
200
I
I
I
..!.

,,
II
I • 0.02
100
.,.,/j
2 ....
.,.,,,, /
I

.,,,..,......-~.--...
? . --- 0.00 o
O-+--r__--r--r--~__r-_r_-~
..........-_._-r____r-_r_-.____r-....._-.____r-_r_-..---L
-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Tempereture (OC) DIolA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 123

Table 87: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Noryl GFN3 30% glass fiber filled syrene modified polyphenylene
ether (modified PPE). (tabular data for Graph 87)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 6.573 0.06067 0.009231 60.00 6.179 0.09442 0.01528
-55.00 6.567 0.05807 0.008842 65.00 6.160 0.09290 0.01508
-50.00 6.553 0.05876 0.008967 70.00 6.138 0.09179 0.01496
-45.00 6.533 0.05997 0.009180 75.00 6.111 0.09168 0.01500
-40.00 6.522 0.06196 0.009500 80.00 6.080 0.09214 0.01516
-35.00 6.512 0.06507 0.009991 85.00 6.044 0.09410 0.01557
-30.00 6.497 0.06806 0.01048 90.00 6.004 0.09596 0.01598
-25.00 6.480 0.07062 0.01090 95.00 5.958 0.09974 0.01674
-20.00 6.461 0.07363 0.01140 100.00 5.908 0.1055 0.01786
-15.00 6.443 0.07667 0.01190 105.00 5.863 0.1122 0.01914
-10.00 6.423 0.08015 0.01248 110.00 5.817 0.1207 0.02074
-5.00 6.402 0.08458 0.01321 115.00 5.767 0.1318 0.02286
0.00 6.379 0.08983 0.01408 120.00 5.711 0.1469 0.02572
5.00 6.358 0.09372 0.01474 125.00 5.646 0.1671 0.02960
10.00 6.347 0.09673 0.01524 130.00 5.565 0.1954 0.03510
15.00 6.342 0.09807 0.01546 135.00 5.449 0.2408 0.04419
20.00 6.337 0.09790 0.01545 140.00 5.252 0.3155 0.06007
25.00 6.323 0.09897 0.01565 145.00 4.843 0.4385 0.09057
30.00 6.302 0.1010 0.01603 150.00 4.081 0.6163 0.1511
35.00 6.278 0.1016 0.01618 155.00 3.034 0.8509 0.2808
40.00 6.255 0.1018 0.01627 160.00 1.803 1.034 0.5753
45.00 6.231 0.1014 0.01627 165.00 0.6952 0.6990 1.008
50.00 6.211 0.09924 0.01598 170.00 0.2585 0.3138 1.214
55.00 6.196 0.09670 0.01561 175.00 0.1350 0.1474 1.091

Table 88: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 114040% glass fiber filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
(tabular data for Graph 88)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 10.95 115.00 7.748 487.0 0.06286
-55.00 10.96 120.00 6.969 482.4 0.06924
-50.00 10.95 125.00 6.308 450.4 0.07140
-45.00 10.94 130.00 5.759 404.6 0.07025
-40.00 10.93 135.00 5.326 355.5 0.06674
-35.00 10.93 140.00 4.983 310.7 0.06235
-30.00 10.92 145.0 4.724 273.9 0.05797
-25.00 10.90 150.00 4.517 243.6 0.05393
-20.00 10.88 155.00 4.349 220.5 0.05071
-15.00 10.86 160.00 4.204 203.0 0.04829
-10.00 10.82 165.00 4.083 189.5 0.04641
-5.00 10.82 170.00 3.984 179.8 0.04513
0.00 10.81 3.378 3.125E-4 175.00 3.901 172.2 0.04414
5.00 10.79 6.897 6.393E-4 180.00 3.835 167.0 0.04355
10.00 10.76 10.54 9.795E-4 185.00 3.783 164.4 0.04347
15.00 10.72 15.66 0.001461 190.00 3.735 162.9 0.04361
20.00 10.69 19.97 0.001868 200.00 3.660 158.4 0.04327
25.00 10.66 23.65 0.002218 205.00 3.624 156.4 0.04316
30.00 10.63 27.24 0.002562 210.00 3.584 155.0 0.04324
40.00 10.57 35.63 0.003370 215.00 3.540 154.4 0.04363
45.00 10.53 42.18 0.004005 220.00 3.491 153.7 0.04404
50.00 10.50 46.53 0.004433 225.00 3.413 152.3 0.04461
55.00 10.46 50.04 0.004782 230.00 3.381 152.7 0.04516
60.00 10.44 52.71 0.005051 240.00 3.230 150.1 0.04649
65.00 10.40 55.23 0.005310 250.00 3.014 148.5 0.04927
70.00 10.36 59.04 0.005699 255.00 2.895 148.0 0.05111
75.00 10.32 62.71 0.006079 260.00 2.813 146.4 0.05206
80.00 10.27 68.35 0.006659 265.00 2.728 149.5 0.05482
90.00 10.11 105.6 0.01044 270.00 2.471 153.0 0.06191
100.00 9.698 247.5 0.02553 275.00 2.225 156.3 0.07031
105.00 9.207 358.2 0.03892 280.00 2.168 153.8 0.07093
110.00 8.518 447.2 0.05251 290.00 1.504 132.6 0.08864
© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data
124

Graph 89: Storage and loss properties for Phillips 66 Ryton R4 40% glass fiber filled, branched polyphenylene
sulfide (PPS).

14~------"---"---'-----"'- --- ... -------------------------.------- 600

Amp11tude(p-p)·0.2~ mm
tI\\
I

12
-60.33°C ,
I
I \
\
\
13.16 SPa , \ H6.BoC
561.9 MPa
23.00 oC
I \
\ 0.15
12.73 SPa I \
\
10 I
I
\
\
\ i 400

,r,
I

III
a..
I \
\
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.....
....
iI
\ Q)
\ a
-w
~ B I
I
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0.10 .w
, I
I
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I-
I
'\' /rIJ ..-
I 6

I
I
I

I ,~"
I ,/ -"- •
....

. . ----------1':\
./
•
/' ,, I
T
1 0.05
200
I
I
I
J..

4 I / -.--
/' 124.eoC
, ./ / 0 . 06466
. . ------------ .J'
2
------------- o
0.00

0+-...--.,,--........-.,--...-----.- ----r,--.--"'Tj--r--"Tj--r--"TI-....--T,-~.....,....,
_~_.4
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Tellper-atur-e (OC) DMA v3.18

Graph 90: Storage and loss properties for Phillips 66 Ryton BR90A 40% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

14 600
Amp11tude(p-p)-0.25 mm
114. 1°C
-60.51°C
12 23.00 o C 620.3 MPa
13.19 SPa
12.99 SPa
I \ I 0.15 600

10 ,""
I \
\
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2 ----------
~--~_-:.--------
~' 0.06655
0.00 0

-50 o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Temper-atur-e (OC) DMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design library

 125

Table 89: Storage and loss properties for Phillips 66 Ryton R4 40% glass fiber filled, branched polyphenylene sulfide
(PPS). (tabular data for Graph 89)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(aC) (GPa) (MPa) (aC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 13.16 34.24 0.002602 115.00 9.514 558.1 0.05867
-50.00 13.15 32.23 0.002450 120.00 8.767 555.6 0.06338
-45.00 13.12 35.01 0.002669 130.00 7.569 482.2 0.06371
-40.00 13.08 36.81 0.002815 140.00 6.741 390.7 0.05796
-35.00 13.05 35.95 0.002756 145.00 6.420 350.5 0.05458
-30.00 13.02 34.38 0.002640 150.00 6.150 316.7 0.05149
-20.00 12.97 31.20 0.002406 155.00 5.924 288.5 0.04870
-15.00 12.94 30.58 0.002364 160.00 5.725 266.0 0.04647
-10.00 12.91 30.05 0.002327 165.00 5.549 247.5 0.04461
-5.00 12.88 30.01 0.002329 170.00 5.387 234.0 0.04343
0.00 12.86 29.91 0.002327 180.00 5.105 215.2 0.04214
5.00 12.83 31.03 0.002419 190.00 4.880 204.4 0.04188
10.00 12.80 32.47 0.002537 195.00 4.778 201.1 0.04208
20.00 12.75 34.43 0.002701 200.00 4.682 198.6 0.04243
30.00 12.70 36.54 0.002877 205.00 4.589 196.7 0.04286
40.00 12.64 41.84 0.003310 210.00 4.499 194.6 0.04325
45.00 12.61 43.82 0.003475 215.00 4.408 192.9 0.04375
50.00 12.58 44.31 0.003521 220.00 4.311 191.7 0.04446
55.00 12.56 45.54 0.003626 230.00 4.094 189.6 0.04632
60.00 12.54 45.75 0.003649 240.00 3.829 189.1 0.04940
65.00 12.51 47.08 0.003763 245.00 3.668 188.8 0.05147
70.00 12.48 49.60 0.003974 250.00 3.476 188.9 0.05434
80.00 12.39 63.04 0.005090 255.00 3.286 189.4 0.05765
90.00 12.22 114.5 0.009366 260.00 3.192 186.5 0.05843
95.00 12.03 190.4 0.01584 265.00 3.124 188.2 0.06025
100.00 11.65 308.2 0.02647 270.00 2.820 197.5 0.07007
105.00 11.06 432.6 0.03913 280.00 2.488 201.7 0.08107
110.00 10.31 521.9 0.05065 290.00 1.180 141.0 0.1212

Table 90: Storage and loss properties for Phillips 66 Ryton BR90A 40% glass fiber filled, impact modified polyphenylene
sulfide (PPS). (tabular data for Graph 90)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(a C) (GPa) (MPa) (ac) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 13.19 11.40 8.641E-4 115.00 9.514 619.1 0.06508
-55.00 13.22 9.376 7.093E-4 120.00 8.816 586.8 0.06656
-50.00 13.23 11.13 8.418E-4 130.00 7.611 463.6 0.06091
-45.00 13.21 12.56 9.511E-4 135.00 7.124 404.4 0.05676
-40.00 13.23 13.65 0.001031 140.00 6.716 354.7 0.05281
-35.00 13.24 13.77 0.001040 145.00 6.371 314.1 0.04929
-30.00 13.24 15.93 0.001203 155.00 5.824 255.7 0.04392
-20.00 13.19 19.94 0.001512 160.00 5.600 236.3 0.04219
-15.00 13.19 21.15 0.001603 165.00 5.398 222.1 0.04115
-10.00 13.19 24.55 0.001861 170.00 5.213 212.0 0.04067
-5.00 13.18 26.67 0.002024 180.00 4.873 200.0 0.04105
0.00 13.14 30.11 0.002291 185.00 4.713 197.1 0.04183
5.00 13.11 32.18 0.002455 190.00 4.563 194.8 0.04268
10.00 13.07 34.07 0.002607 195.00 4.425 193.8 0.04380
15.00 13.04 36.33 0.002787 205.00 4.175 192.0 0.04599
20.00 13.01 38.58 0.002966 210.00 4.057 191.8 0.04727
30.00 12.96 40.79 0.003147 215.00 3.949 191.2 0.04842
40.00 12.90 46.77 0.003625 220.00 3.836 190.5 0.04965
45.00 12.86 51.09 0.003973 230.00 3.608 188.7 0.05230
55.00 12.79 56.64 0.004430 240.00 3.357 186.3 0.05549
60.00 12.75 61.29 0.004807 245.00 3.224 184.9 0.05736
65.00 12.72 65.23 0.005128 250.00 3.082 183.9 0.05968
70.00 12.69 72.77 0.005735 255.00 2.933 182.8 0.06231
80.00 12.61 99.51 0.007893 260.00 2.921 177.4 0.06074
90.0 12.40 208.4 0.01681 265.00 2.767 183.5 0.06634
95.00 12.10 325.4 0.02690 270.00 2.517 182.2 0.07241
105.00 10.96 548.0 0.05003 280.00 1.750 171.2 0.09794
110.00 10.24 604.6 0.05905 290.00 1.194 140.2 0.1180

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

 126

Graph 91: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran PPSG50 50% long glass fiber filled polyphenylene
sulfide (PPS).

.....----------------------------~---T 600
AlIlPl1tude (P-p) -0.20 .11
16 rl\ 0.10
I \\
-60.47·C I
,
I
\
\ 119.a·c
I

I
23.00·C I \
14 15.58 GPa
15.27 GPa
, I
\
\
I
566.5 NPa
i 0.08
I
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\ i 400
12 , I
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2 +---..--r---.--r---.---,,--.....,............,.-...----,--....--r---..----,---..-,..---r----:-:r:--.-.....
0.00

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Temperature (·C) DNA v3.1S

Graph 92: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 4184 50% glass fiber/ mineral filled polyphenylene
sulfide (PPS).

Allpl1tude (P-p) -0.25 _

14 121.4-c
582. 7 MPa i 0.12
600
-80.43·C ;t\ .
12 13.47 SPa 23.00·C
13.08 SPa f\
I \ I
N 0.10

I
r
\ I
10
I
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....III
0.08
400

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------- -----_..------
o
0.00

a 50 100 180 200 300

TallPerature (·e) DNA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 127

Table 91: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran PPSG50 50% long glass fiber filled polyphenylene sulfide
(PPS). (tabular data for Graph 91)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 15.59 120.00 11.87 567.1 0.04777
-50.00 15.59 125.00 11.14 550.6 0.04941
-45.00 15.60 130.00 10.49 518.0 0.04939
-40.00 15.60 140.00 9.433 426.6 0.04523
-30.00 15.56 145.00 9.050 382.2 0.04223
-25.00 15.53 150.00 8.737 343.6 0.03933
-20.00 15.50 160.00 8.231 286.8 0.03484
-10.00 15.44 165.00 8.032 269.0 0.03350
-5.00 15.43 170.00 7.862 258.2 0.03284
0.00 15.41 175.00 7.718 249.8 0.03237
5.00 15.38 180.00 7.586 243.2 0.03206
10.00 15.35 190.00 7.323 235.8 0.03220
15.00 15.31 195.00 7.203 234.6 0.03257
20.00 15.28 200.00 7.095 233.6 0.03292
25.00 15.26 4.484 2.939E-4 205.00 6.996 233.1 0.03332
30.00 15.23 7.613 4.999E-4 210.00 6.882 235.4 0.03421
40.00 15.15 19.92 0.001315 220.00 6.677 238.1 0.03566
50.00 15.08 28.60 0.001896 225.00 6.568 239.7 0.03650
55.00 15.05 32.94 0.002189 230.00 6.444 242.2 0.03758
60.00 15.02 38.36 0.002553 240.00 6.178 246.9 0.03996
65.00 14.99 40.73 0.002716 245.00 6.028 250.9 0.04162
70.00 14.99 43.75 0.002919 250.00 5.844 255.8 0.04377
80.00 14.95 54.95 0.003675 255.00 5.726 255.0 0.04452
90.00 14.87 99.04 0.006661 260.00 5.630 255.6 0.04540
95.00 14.75 161.2 0.01093 265.00 5.351 264.5 0.04944
100.00 14.48 267.3 0.01846 270.00 5.052 275.5 0.05453
105.00 14.00 396.5 0.02832 280.00 5.171 280.5 0.05425
110.00 13.35 499.5 0.03741 290.00 3.073 290.2 0.09529

Table 92: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 4184 50% glass fiber/ mineral filled polyphenylene sulfide
(PPS). (tabular data for Graph 92)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 13.47 8.789 6.524E-4 115.00 10.06 543.7 0.05407

-55.00 13.47 6.484 4.814E-4 120.00 9.302 579.2 0.06228
-50.00 13.45 7.144 5.312E-4 125.00 8.568 577.2 0.06738
-40.00 13.42 6.416 4.780E-4 135.00 7.373 503.4 0.06827
-35.00 13.40 8.586 6.406E-4 140.00 6.889 453.2 0.06579
-30.00 13.38 10.00 7.478E-4 145.00 6.491 402.5 0.06200
-25.00 13.34 12.90 9.673E-4 150.00 6.173 359.7 0.05827
-15.00 13.27 19.94 0.001502 160.00 5.707 296.2 0.05190
-10.00 13.25 22.49 0.001697 165.00 5.533 274.2 0.04956
-5.00 13.23 26.29 0.001987 170.00 5.388 258.0 0.04789
0.00 13.20 29.93 0.002268 175.00 5.260 245.5 0.04668
10.00 13.15 35.04 0.002666 185.00 5.047 230.4 0.04565
15.00 13.12 38.49 0.002935 190.00 4.954 226.6 0.04574
20.00 13.09 43.17 0.003299 195.00 4.868 223.5 0.04592
25.00 13.03 50.05 0.003840 200.00 4.788 220.8 0.04612
30.00 12.97 59.83 0.004613 210.00 4.624 215.9 0.04670
40.00 12.85 75.32 0.005863 215.00 4.536 213.2 0.04700
45.00 12.79 80.35 0.006282 220.00 4.443 211.8 0.04766
50.00 12.74 85.45 0.006709 225.00 4.342 210.7 0.04852
60.00 12.63 93.76 0.007425 240.00 3.980 211.0 0.05302
65.00 12.58 96.02 0.007633 245.00 3.832 211.9 0.05529
70.00 12.53 99.67 0.007954 250.00 3.663 213.6 0.05833
75.00 12.48 104.1 0.008341 260.00 3.316 216.6 0.06531
80.00 12.41 112.0 0.009023 265.00 3.244 215.2 0.06633
90.00 12.23 147.3 0.01205 270.00 3.009 223.1 0.07415
95.00 12.08 188.3 0.01560 275.00 2.722 222.9 0.08191
100.00 11.82 260.5 0.02205 280.00 2.146 214.2 0.09988
110.00 10.79 468.1 0.04339 290.00 2.073 212.7 0.1030

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

128

Graph 93: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 6165 65% glass fiber/ mineral filled polyphenylene
sulfide (PPS).

20 ......- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . , . . 800
AllPUtude (P-p) -0.20 _
I

i 0.10
-ao.45ee i
17.68 aPa
r\ 600

,, \
15 23.ooee 118. see I'
17.11 BPa 603.2 MPa n I
0.08
I
I
\
\
i lVJ
,
Iii I \ I Ii
1 \ ,
.~
Q.
~ 400
.UJ I \ ,/ C 0.06
UJ

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I I
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, I 1 0.04
200
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5
/
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,.,'. /
128.0ee
0.08298
0.02

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0.00

O+.----.-..........---...--.......-r---r-......---,...--r----r-........--r--r---,.-.......- - , -..........---,r-.............1.
-100 -50 0 100 150 200 250 300 3!50
TallPerature (ee) DMA v3.1B

Graph 94: Storage and loss properties for Amoco Performance Polymers Radel AG220 20% glass fiber filled
polyethersulfone (PES).
 129

Table 93: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Fortron 6165 65% glass fiber/ mineral filled polyphenylene sulfide
(PPS). (tabular data for Graph 93)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 17.69 120.00 11.87 602.9 0.05079

-50.00 17.69 125.00 11.16 587.2 0.05264
-40.00 17.60 130.00 10.52 557.1 0.05296
-35.00 17.59 140.00 9.582 482.1 0.05031
-30.00 17.56 145.00 9.220 446.5 0.04842
-25.00 17.52 150.00 8.915 415.7 0.04663
-20.00 17.47 160.00 8.428 367.4 0.04360
-15.00 17.43 165.00 8.214 352.6 0.04293
-10.00 17.39 170.00 8.042 341.9 0.04252
-5.00 17.35 175.00 7.891 335.0 0.04245
0.00 17.29 180.00 7.754 330.3 0.04260
10.00 17.24 190.00 7.517 325.6 0.04331
20.00 17.14 195.00 7.406 325.3 0.04392
25.00 17.10 200.00 7.288 326.2 0.04477
30.00 17.04 210.00 7.043 328.8 0.04668
40.00 16.89 215.00 6.927 329.4 0.04756
45.00 16.82 220.00 6.809 330.8 0.04858
50.00 16.75 4.151 2.479E-4 225.00 6.679 332.7 0.04982
60.00 16.59 19.14 0.001154 230.00 6.540 334.7 0.05117
65.00 16.50 27.70 0.001679 240.00 6.230 339.8 0.05454
70.00 16.39 36.96 0.002255 245.00 6.057 342.3 0.05651
75.00 16.26 50.55 0.003109 250.00 5.875 345.0 0.05874
80.00 16.11 71.80 0.004456 260.00 5.577 346.8 0.06217
90.00 15.71 159.1 0.01013 265.00 5.303 358.1 0.06754
95.00 15.40 210.8 0.01564 270.00 4.944 364.8 0.07381
100.00 14.93 352.5 0.02361 275.00 4.518 370.8 0.08213
110.00 13.51 550.0 0.04071 280.00 4.817 358.4 0.07441
115.00 12.68 594.1 0.04687 290.00 3.455 346.9 0.1010

Table 94: Storage and loss properties for Amoco Performance Polymers Radel AG220 20% glass fiber filled polyether-
sulfone (PES). (tabular data for Graph 94)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 5.842 66.05 0.01131 95.00 5.302 63.78 0.01203

-50.00 5.805 62.51 0.01077 100.00 5.286 61.96 0.01172
-45.00 5.784 61.87 0.01070 105.00 5.274 59.23 0.01123
-40.00 5.761 62.82 0.01091 110.00 5.263 56.84 0.01080
-35.00 5.728 64.14 0.01120 115.00 5.258 55.44 0.01054
-30.00 5.696 66.63 0.01170 120.00 5.252 53.62 0.01021
-25.00 5.669 69.31 0.01223 125.00 5.246 52.53 0.01001
-20.00 5.647 71.12 0.01260 130.00 5.241 54.63 0.009852
-15.00 5.624 73.72 0.01311 135.00 5.236 51.44 0.009824
-10.00 5.604 76.26 0.01361 140.00 5.232 51.45 0.009834
-5.00 5.586 78.22 0.01400 145.00 5.228 51.85 0.009919
0.00 5.572 79.71 0.01431 150.00 5.224 53.39 0.01022
5.00 5.561 80.21 0.01442 155.00 5.221 55.20 0.01057
10.00 5.553 79.50 0.01432 160.00 5.219 57.58 0.01103
15.00 5.548 78.23 0.01410 165.00 5.217 60.83 0.01166
20.00 5.544 76.21 0.01374 170.00 5.216 65.59 0.01258
25.00 5.542 74.29 0.01341 175.00 5.214 72.29 0.01387
30.00 5.540 72.47 0.01308 180.00 5.211 81.07 0.01556
40.00 5.524 68.98 0.01249 190.00 5.177 119.1 0.02300
45.00 5.509 69.40 0.01260 195.00 5.126 161.9 0.03159
50.00 5.491 70.40 0.01282 200.00 4.914 241.0 0.04905
55.00 5.475 70.50 0.01288 205.00 4.443 406.6 0.09163
60.00 5.457 69.93 0.01281 210.00 3.563 634.7 0.1784
65.00 5.440 69.37 0.01275 215.00 2.501 807.8 0.3239
70.00 5.417 68.56 0.01266 220.00 1.305 787.3 0.6065
75.00 5.396 67.47 0.01250 225.00 0.4851 464.1 0.9586
80.00 5.373 66.38 0.01235 230.00 0.2134 186.1 0.8706
90.00 5.322 65.10 0.01223 240.00 0.07436 55.60 0.7481

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

130

Graph 95: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac T unfilled, high impact, general purpose acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ASS).

Graph 96: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac GSM unfilled, high impact acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS).

I " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r 500
Allpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 IIlII
3.0

i09.2·C */ US.S·C 2.5

-60. 92·C 405.7 MPe 11 \ 2.600 400
2.5 2.906 BPe II'
II I
'I, "I
23.00·C I 1/ i 2.0
2.0
2.469 BPe

!II',
iI
I
.....
CJ

lD
300
"iil
a.
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1.5
I
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1 1.0
200 I
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/
/ ' \I
,,/ I 100
0.5 ------------------------------~ J \ 0.5

_...-/J \ ...
0.0 ----------------------- 0.0 o

-iOO -50 o 50 iOO 150

TelllPereture (·e) DNA v3. i8
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 131

Table 95: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac T unfilled, high impact, general purpose acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ABS). (tabular data for Graph 95)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.704 75.31 0.02785 40.00 2.284 67.82 0.02970
-55.00 2.693 74.04 0.02749 45.00 2.263 66.94 0.02958
-50.00 2.677 73.03 0.02728 50.00 2.234 66.90 0.02994
-45.00 2.656 72.96 0.02747 55.00 2.197 67.78 0.03085
-40.00 2.627 73.35 0.02792 60.00 2.151 69.97 0.03253
-35.00 2.595 73.77 0.02843 65.00 2.095 74.08 0.03536
-30.00 2.562 74.42 0.02905 70.00 2.025 80.90 0.03996
-25.00 2.531 74.86 0.02957 75.00 1.949 90.17 0.04627
-20.00 2.503 75.35 0.03010 80.00 1.880 100.6 0.05350
-15.00 2.477 75.67 0.03054 85.00 1.821 112.3 0.06164
-10.00 2.458 76.02 0.03093 90.00 1.754 127.5 0.07267
-5.00 2.440 75.99 0.03115 95.00 1.674 146.2 0.08729
0.00 2.423 76.00 0.03136 100.00 1.554 176.3 0.1135
5.00 2.410 75.44 0.03130 105.00 1.340 228.3 0.1705
10.00 2.399 74.35 0.03099 110.00 0.9082 344.3 0.3799
15.00 2.385 72.94 0.03059 115.00 0.2788 321.5 1.162
20.00 2.368 71.75 0.03030 120.00 0.03338 83.65 2.510
25.00 2.349 70.89 0.03018 125.00 0.01104 28.37 2.569
30.00 2.326 69.92 0.03006 130.00 0.008161 18.34 2.247
35.00 2.303 68.82 0.02988

Table 96: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac GSM unfilled, high impact acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS). (tabular data for Graph 96)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.904 75.98 0.02616 40.00 2.415 71.59 0.02965
-55.00 2.887 75.23 0.02606 45.00 2.390 71.65 0.02999
-50.00 2.866 75.49 0.02634 50.00 2.352 72.70 0.03091
-45.00 2.839 76.21 0.02684 55.00 2.308 74.59 0.03232
-40.00 2.814 76.92 0.02734 60.00 2.258 77.23 0.03421
-35.00 2.782 77.29 0.02778 65.00 2.197 81.23 0.03697
-30.00 2.746 77.30 0.02815 70.00 2.122 87.74 0.04134
-25.00 2.707 77.32 0.02856 75.00 2.035 97.33 0.04783
-20.00 2.672 76.91 0.02879 80.00 1.942 110.5 0.05691
-15.00 2.639 76.77 0.02909 85.00 1.847 126.4 0.06842
-10.00 2.606 76.91 0.02951 90.00 1.743 144.3 0.08280
-5.00 2.580 77.07 0.02988 95.00 1.607 169.6 0.1056
0.00 2.555 77.16 0.03020 100.00 1.406 214.5 0.1527
5.00 2.533 77.50 0.03060 105.00 1.064 303.4 0.2855
10.00 2.513 77.03 0.03065 110.00 0.4964 401.8 0.8137
15.00 2.494 75.93 0.03044 115.00 0.07417 159.6 2.160
20.00 2.478 74.82 0.03019 120.00 0.01721 44.07 2.560
25.00 2.463 73.75 0.02994 125.00 0.009361 21.65 2.313
30.00 2.449 72.50 0.02960 130.00 0.01372 19.85 1.623
35.00 2.433 71.75 0.02949

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

132

Graph 97: Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Magnum 9010 unfilled, medium impact acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ASS).

4 . . . . , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 500

{\ (.
II • \
,I I. 2.5
J I, \
,I

3
'1/ .\
II II,
400

I 1/
I I I'
-60.80·C ' II,
, I 2.0
3.053 GPa
,I I, co
...
~ 300
23.00·C Iii
,: I a.
.
QJ
2.617 SPa 0 ~
,,
I

/1
I
,I c
III
~
1.5
UJ

,I 7

I
200
I
I
I
1\ T, I
I
I

1 I
I
I
I

I
/\I 1 1.0 J..

",';/
/
,
I
I
I 100
-------------------------------~/ I
I 0.5
j I
\

---
\

o j \"
---------------------- 0.0 o

-100 -50 o 50 100 1!50

TelllPerature (·C) DNA v3.18

Graph 98: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac DFA-R unfilled, medium impact acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS).

4~------------------------------....,... 500
AIlPl1tude (P-p) -1.00 _
-60.72·C 3.0
3.189 GPa
,III i\ I •

:1) \ 2.5
400
3
,'I
J I,
J I
\
•
: II[
, \,
I
Ii
23.00·C ,Il
2.0 300
Iii 2.741 GPa Iii
a. a.
I
~ 2
w
I ,
.~
w
,I ,I" Ii 1.5
T
I 1
/
I
I
I
I
I
I
I [\

rI
1\
, I
1\
I

I,
I
T
1 1.0
200

J..
I
I

/ , 1
I
",--/ / I
I
100

----------------------------- i \
\
\
0.5

o / \
\
'-'
----------------------_.-/ 0.0
o

-100 -50 o 50 100 150

Temperature (·C) DMA v3.18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 133

Table 97: Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Magnum 9010 unfilled, medium impact acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS). (tabular data for Graph 97)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.054 88.37 0.02894 35.00 2.590 83.53 0.03225
-55.00 3.041 85.40 0.02808 40.00 2.569 82.01 0.03192
-50.00 3.024 84.07 0.02780 45.00 2.545 80.80 0.03175
-45.00 3.002 83.28 0.02774 50.00 2.519 79.62 0.03161
-40.00 2.974 83.04 0.02793 55.00 2.494 78.73 0.03156
-35.00 2.938 82.20 0.02798 6~.00 2.464 78.43 0.03183
-30.00 2.903 82.15 0.02830 6 .00 2.426 79.92 0.03294
-25.00 2.875 82.94 0.02885 70.00 2.379 83.70 0.03519
-20.00 2.850 83.68 0.02937 75.00 2.318 91.02 0.03926
-15.00 2.821 84.80 0.03006 8~.00 2.249 101.8 0.04526
-10.00 2.786 86.03 0.03087 8 .00 2.172 115.6 0.05326
-5.00 2.750 87.85 0.03194 9~.00 2.084 132.3 0.06349
0.00 2.715 89.39 0.03293 9 .00 1.976 153.5 0.07772
5.00 2.682 90.08 0.03359 100.00 1.823 182.1 0.09992
I
10.00 2.656 90.16 0.03394 105.00 1.574 230.4 0.1464
15.00 2.638 89.83 0.03405 110.00 l.l26 354.7 0.3158
I
20.00 2.625 88.49 0.03371 115.00 0.3726 420.5 l.l38
25.00 2.615 86.80 0.03319 120.00 0.04247 113.9 2.688
I
30.00 2.604 85.16 0.03271 125.00 0.01325 34.23 2.582

Table 98: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac DFA-R u1nfilled, medium impact acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS). (tabular data for Graph 98)
!
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temprrature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (C) (GPa) (MPa)
I
-60.00 3.188 61.88 0.01941 40.00 2.655 71.48 0.02692
-55.00 3.170 60.88 0.01920 4?00 2.624 72.64 0.02768
-50.00 3.141 61.33 0.01952 5\>.00 2.588 74.04 0.02861
-45.00 3.105 62.29 0.02006 5?00 2.545 76.06 0.02989
-40.00 3.071 62.93 0.02050 69.00 2.486 79.23 0.03187
-35.00 3.033 63.67 0.02099 65.00 2.415 83.90 0.03474
I
-30.00 2.997 64.52 0.02153 7(}.00 2.336 90.55 0.03876
-25.00 2.967 65.07 0.02193 75.00 2.250 100.8 0.04480
I
-20.00 2.940 66.00 0.02245 80.00
I
2.168 114.1 0.05262
-15.00 2.913 66.65 0.02288 85.00 2.088 130.2 0.06234
-10.00 2.888 67.03 0.02321 9p.00 2.000 149.9 0.07496
-5.00 2.857 67.46 0.02361 95.00 1.882 178.4 0.09479
0.00 2.831 67.92 0.02399 1O~.00 1.694 223.3 0.1319
5.00 2.807 68.53 0.02442 10 .00 1.340 311.5 0.2326
10.00 2.790 68.46 0.02454 IIp.OO 0.7260 445.8 0.6166
15.00 2.772 68.37 0.02466 115.00 0.1189 233.7 1.980
20.00 2.752 68.45 0.02487 12~.00 0.01914 55.89 2.920
25.00 2.732 68.99 0.02525 12 .00 0.008859 23.48 2.650
30.00 2.712 69.60 0.02566 13p.OO 0.007652 17.71 2.344
35.00 2.686 70.37 0.02620

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

134

Graph 99: Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Magnum 941 unfilled, very high impact acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ASS).

3 . o . . . . , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , . . . 500
Allpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 _
2.5
~
2.5
-SO.31·C r,\ 400
2.S73 ePa Ali
'I' , 2.0
1111
2.0 "' ,
,"ll, III
~
.-. ~
.
,I, I' I
I
CIl
C 1.5 300
.
~
1.5 / I C
UJ III ILl
I '\ I-
/ II 'I

I 1.0

I
I
I
I
/
I
/
"
I', '
II
,\
I
T
1
1.0 200
I
I
I
J..

/ I
I 0.5
0.5 ///
/'
I
I ,
I
100

---------------------- _~~/
I
---------
-'
/ \

0.0 ---------------------- "",

0.0

~--...._--...---~-- . . . .- -r__-__.....-
o 50
__,.....-.....,r__-.....,--....,.--__........ O
-100 -50 100
TelllPerature (·C) DNA v3.lS

Graph 100: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac KJW unfilled, flame retardant acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS).

3 . 0 . . . . , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . , . . 400
AIlPl1tude (P-p) -1.00 _

133.6~
2.5
it
/ I
t 4.186 4
300
/,II "

2.0 I I
/ " , I'
:
I \
I ,
/'
tl
.-. 3
'iii
I \ f Ql a.
.UJ 1.5 !
I I,
I{
C
C
III
I-
200
.
~
UJ

//!fl
'I

I 1.0
/ fI
T
1
2

J..
I
I
I

---------------------_~~/
100
'"
------
{'
,
\,I
1
0.5 \
\

i \ ,
' ....
0.0
------------------------ - / ' o o

-100 -50 o 50 100 150

TellPerature (·C) DNA va.lS
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 135

Table 99: Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Magnum 941 unfilled, very high impact acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS). (tabular data for Graph 99)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.672 71.14 0.02662 35.00 2.228 65.86 0.02956
-55.00 2.654 70.18 0.02644 40.00 2.206 64.80 0.02937
-50.00 2.629 69.22 0.02633 45.00 2.183 64.15 0.02939
-45.00 2.597 69.45 0.02674 50.00 2.157 64.08 0.02970
-40.00 2.562 70.83 0.02764 55.00 2.126 64.86 0.03051
-35.00 2.526 72.42 0.02866 60.00 2.089 66.39 0.03178
-30.00 2.492 73.61 0.02953 65.00 2.046 69.05 0.03375
-25.00 2.460 74.16 0.03014 7p.00 1.989 73.61 0.03700
-20.00 2.435 74.38 0.03055 7$.00 1.921 80.62 0.04196
-15.00 2.411 74.33 0.03083 8p,QO 1.847 89.77 0.04859
I
-10.00 2.384 74.32 0.03118 85.00 1.771 100.6 0.05682
-5.00 2.361 73.94 0.03132 9p,Q0 1.694 113.0 0.06672
0.00 2.340 73.27 0.03132 95.00 1.606 128.9 0.08024
5.00 2.324 72.09 0.03102 lOp.OO 1.492 153.6 0.1030
10.00 2.310 70.97 0.03072 101).00 1.311 198.7 0.1516
15.00 2.298 69.93 0.03043 110.00 0.9668 309.6 0.3208
20.00 2.283 68.87 0.03017 115.00 0.3797 382.5 1.014
25.00 2.266 67.97 0.03000 120.00 0.05547 131.6 2.377
30.00 2.249 66.90 0.02975

Table 100: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac KJW unfilled, flame retardant acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS). (tabular data for Graph 100)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.730 81.80 0.02996 40.00 2.121 76.21 0.03593
-55.00 2.704 77.96 0.02883 45.00 2.092 75.44 0.03605
-50.00 2.676 74.56 0.02786 5p.00 2.066 75.15 0.03637
-45.00 2.648 71.84 0.02713 55.00 2.035 75.39 0.03704
1
-40.00 2.623 70.54 0.02690 60.00 1.999 76.40 0.03821
-35.00 2.597 70.55 0.02716 6~.00 1.957 78.49 0.04011
-30.00 2.567 71.63 0.02791 70.00 1.903 82.66 0.04345
-25.00 2.534 73.76 0.02911 75.00 1.837 89.54 0.04875
-20.00 2.504 76.23 0.03044 80.00 1.751 101.0 0.05768
-15.00 2.469 79.78 0.03231 85.00 1.651 116.8 0.07076
-10.00 2.427 83.05 0.03421 90.00 1.541 134.7 0.08741
-5.00 2.381 85.23 0.03579 95.00 1.404 156.4 0.1114
0.00 2.331 86.03 0.03690 100.00 1.202 186.0 0.1548
5.00 2.284 85.80 0.03757 105.00 0.8795 246.4 0.2805
10.00 2.242 84.97 0.03791 1110.00 0.4207 323.8 0.7738
15.00 2.206 83.34 0.03779 1115.00 0.07096 144.2 2.045
20.00 2.180 81.70 0.03747 1~0.00 0.01494 41.50 2.779
25.00 2.171 80.54 0.03710 1~5.00 0.006301 19.84 3.153
30.00 2.158 79.00 0.03661 130.00 0.003579 13.68 3.827
35.00 2.145 77.72 0.03623

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

136

Graph 101: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac VW300 unfilled, halogen free flame retardant
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ASS).

4 ....-------------------------------~
400
AIlpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 a ..

4
-59.47·C 1

3
3.011 SPa
/I
1\
I I
II
I\ ih I
\ 300

fI I,I " ! 3
I I '
/ II I I'
III
....-4.JIII lO
23.00·C / II a.
.UJ 2.476 SPa
I ~
o
C
~ 2
200 .~
UJ
1 I

I
7
I 'I T I
I
/ II
1
I
/ 'I ..!.
1 I 1\ 100
_________________________ ------~
",/1
I\ • \
1
I I
I
I
j \
\
'-,
o _._---_._._-- -----------'*" o o

-100 -50 o 50 100 150

Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1B

Graph 102: Storage and loss properties for RTP 601 FR 10% glass fiber filled, flame retardant acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ASS).

5-.---------------------------------.
Amp11tude(p-p)-O.70 mm
...
1.4

** I\
600
110.9·C
4 594.3 MPa
I
1\\.1\ U9.0·C 1.2
-60.B3·C I f , 1.312
4.26B SPII
23.00·C
I \./
co
a.
3
3.798 SPa
I
I
I
I
.1
I'
'
.......,
III
1.0
400 'iii
a.
S
.
W , I
tt
.1
1\
I 0
c
III
O.B
.
~
UJ

,,t II
• I l-
7

I
2
I
I
I I T, 0.6 I
I
I
J \
I
I
I
I • I
I
I
1 200 ..!.
I \ 0.4
1 1
I
I
!
•
I
I
I

----------------------------~'" ,/
\
\
,
..-
\ 0.2
/ '
/' 0
0
----------------_..--.-'*" 0.0

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature I·C) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 137

Table 101: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Cycolac VW300 unfilled, halogen free flame retardant
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). (tabular data for Graph 101)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 2.991 64.73 0.02164 40.00 2.415 66.55 0.02755

-50.00 2.965 64.79 0.02185 45.00 2.378 68.13 0.02865
-45.00 2.938 64.59 0.02199 50.00 2.345 69.47 0.02963
-40.00 2.910 64.36 0.02212 55.00 2.311 70.96 0.03070
-35.00 2.873 64.50 0.02245 60.00 2.270 73.07 0.03220
-30.00 2.831 65.23 0.02304 65.00 2.218 76.16 0.03434
-25.00 2.790 66.33 0.02378 70.00 2.157 80.39 0.03727
-20.00 2.749 67.23 0.02446 75.00 2.080 87.53 0.04208
-15.00 2.710 67.42 0.02488 80.00 1.982 99.35 0.05012
-10.00 2.673 66.82 0.02500 85.00 1.857 118.1 0.06360
-5.00 2.636 66.34 0.02516 90.00 1.714 142.5 0.08313
0.00 2.600 66.01 0.02539 95.00 1.540 173.2 0.1125
5.00 2.565 66.17 0.02580 100.00 1.270 214.7 0.1692
10.00 2.531 66.59 0.02631 105.00 0.8634 276.2 0.3204
15.00 2.502 67.15 0.02684 110.00 0.3097 300.2 0.9769
20.00 2.486 66.96 0.02693 115.00 0.03681 91.30 2.487
25.00 2.474 67.10 0.02712 120.00 0.008901 28.22 3.174
30.00 2.465 66.72 0.02707 125.00 0.004458 16.26 3.647
35.00 2.447 66.56 0.02720

Table 102: Storage and loss properties for RTP 601 FR 10% glass fiber filled, flame retardant acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS). (tabular data for Graph 102)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 4.266 80.77 0.01893 45.00 3.699 71.16 0.01924

-55.00 4.246 78.31 0.01844 50.00 3.667 72.98 0.01990
-50.00 4.223 76.68 0.01816 55.00 3.627 76.19 0.02100
-45.00 4.196 75.51 0.01800 60.00 3.574 81.80 0.02289
-40.00 4.145 74.82 0.01805 65.00 3.501 91.93 0.02626
-35.00 4.116 75.05 0.01823 70.00 3.403 110.4 0.03246
-30.00 4.078 74.98 0.01839 75.00 3.276 140.7 0.04296
-25.00 4.041 75.27 0.01863 80.00 3.126 181.3 0.05800
-20.00 4.010 75.62 0.01886 85.00 2.940 232.1 0.07896
-15.00 3.978 75.83 0.01906 90.00 2.682 300.5 0.1121
-10.00 3.946 75.95 0.01925 95.00 2.326 390.3 0.1678
-5.00 3.908 76.34 0.01953 100.00 1.919 461.4 0.2404
0.00 3.876 76.21 0.01966 105.00 1.551 518.4 0.3343
5.00 3.848 75.94 0.01973 110.00 1.070 591.0 0.5531
10.00 3.825 75.09 0.01963 115.00 0.3923 430.2 1.099
15.00 3.814 73.74 0.01933 120.00 0.1179 152.5 1.292
20.00 3.806 72.32 0.01900 125.00 0.05652 61.30 1.084
25.00 3.792 70.92 0.01870 130.00 0.03595 34.62 0.9629
30.00 3.775 69.97 0.01854 135.00 0.02591 24.51 0.9459
35.00 3.758 69.82 0.01858 140.00 0.02001 20.09 1.004
40.00 3.734 70.06 0.01877

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

138

Graph 103: Storage and loss properties for RTP 605 30% glass fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ASS).

.......- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . - - 2.0
Allpl1 tude (P-p) -0.40 . .

8 U3.0-C
-SO.BO·C 1. 636 SPe 4-
U9.S·C
7.985 SPa " 1.457
""
23.00·C 1.5 1.5

6
7.415 GPa
;\1\
; 'I' \
I
I
I

\
.......co 'iii
CD [l.

.
w 4
I i\ \
0
c
ell
1.0 1.0 .
~
W
II I"
I •
\ ~
I 'T

I
,I

,
f II I
T• I
I
I

I
I
,
I
I
I
1 ..!.

2 II I I,
0.5 0.5

I I
I I " ,,

,",,/
/
;' \
\

o =::.-===::===.=.==~-=-_./'
\

\.. 0.0 0.0

-100 o 50 100 150

Temperature (·e) DMA v3.1B

Graph 104: Storage and loss properties for RTP 60740% glass fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ASS).

10~-------------------------------~
AllPl1tude (p-PI-o.40 IlIIIl
1.4
U4.9-C 2.0
1.902 BPa
~ (~. 121.S·C
8 I
I \
\ i \
1.300 1.2
/ \. \
/ V \ 1.5
f 1\ '\ 1.0

.......
I I \ co
'iii
6
I I\ -", 'iii
[l.

,\
CD

.
[l.
~ / "-
0
0.8 ~
.w c
w

"/ .'\
I '\ 10
~ 1.0
'T

I
I
J \
\,
,
T I
0.6 I
I
I

./
/
J'
\
\\
1 ..!.

// 0.4 0.5
2

..' --.,,-
..' " ,," I
I' \\
\, 0.2
--------- . /, '" ..........
--.
o --_._._._.--.. ~ .
~./

0.0
0.0

70 BO 90 100 110 120 1 0 140 1 0

Temperature (·e) DMA v3.1B

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 139

Table 103: Storage and loss properties for RTP 605 30% glass fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
(tabular data for Graph 103)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 7.985 0.06789 0.008502 40.00 7.354 0.09596 0.01305
-55.00 7.965 0.06675 0.008380 45.00 7.337 0.09557 0.01303
-50.00 7.935 0.06708 0.008453 50.00 7.309 0.09833 0.01345
-45.00 7.897 0.06781 0.008587 55.00 7.277 0.1008 0.01386
-40.00 7.855 0.06842 0.008710 60.00 7.242 0.1047 0.01445
-35.00 7.816 0.06853 0.008768 65.00 7.200 0.1108 0.01538
-30.00 7.778 0.07011 0.009013 70.00 7.150 0.1203 0.01683
-25.00 7.743 0.07222 0.009327 75.00 7.085 0.1365 0.01926
-20.00 7.704 0.07459 0.009682 80.00 7.009 0.1618 0.02309
-15.00 7.661 0.07659 0.01000 85.00 6.926 0.2027 0.02927
-10.00 7.616 0.07949 0.01044 90.00 6.828 0.2608 0.03819
-5.00 7.575 0.08245 0.01088 95.00 6.691 0.3456 0.05164
0.00 7.538 0.08546 0.01134 100.00 6.435 0.4841 0.07523
5.00 7.505 0.08838 0.01178 105.00 5.786 0.7541 0.1304
10.00 7.477 0.09111 0.01218 110.00 4.207 1.325 0.3155
15.00 7.451 0.09316 0.01250 115.00 1.613 1.485 0.9255
20.00 7.428 0.09458 0.01273 120.00 0.3670 0.5360 1.460
25.00 7.407 0.09511 0.01284 125.00 0.1513 0.1824 1.205
30.00 7.388 0.09573 0.01296 130.00 0.08729 0.08335 0.9546
35.00 7.370 0.09585 0.01301 135.00 0.06013 0.05062 0.8419

Table 104: Storage and loss properties for RTP 607 40% glass fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
(tabular data for Graph 104)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 9.178 0.08437 0.009192 40.00 8.459 0.1231 0.01455
-55.00 9.198 0.08011 0.008709 45.00 8.423 0.1246 0.01480
-50.00 9.119 0.07907 0.008671 50.00 8.385 0.1264 0.01507
-45.00 9.076 0.07571 0.008342 55.00 8.348 0.1280 0.01533
-40.00 9.048 0.07480 0.008267 60.00 8.311 0.1303 0.01568
-35.00 9.015 0.07594 0.008423 65.00 8.273 0.1347 0.01628
-30.00 8.970 0.07849 0.008751 70.00 8.226 0.1427 0.01735
-25.00 8.927 0.08095 0.009068 75.00 8.162 0.1591 0.01950
-20.00 8.887 0.08344 0.009389 80.00 8.078 0.1875 0.02321
-15.00 8.844 0.08830 0.009985 85.00 7.979 0.2295 0.02876
-10.00 8.804 0.09250 0.01051 90.00 7.867 0.2895 0.03681
-5.00 8.760 0.09760 0.01114 95.00 7.713 0.3722 0.04826
0.00 8.713 0.1039 0.01193 100.00 7.470 0.5030 0.06734
5.00 8.664 0.1106 0.01277 105.00 6.969 0.7381 0.1059
10.00 8.620 0.1155 0.01340 110.00 5.668 1.258 0.2222
15.00 8.582 0.1175 0.01369 115.00 3.025 1.899 0.6304
20.00 8.556 0.1191 0.01392 120.00 0.7770 0.9729 1.254
25.00 8.537 0.1191 0.01395 125.00 0.2791 0.3312 1.186
30.00 8.517 0.1202 0.01411 130.00 0.1486 0.1423 0.957
35.00 8.493 0.1219 0.01435

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

140

Graph 105: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran ASS SS6 6% long stainless steel fiber acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ASS).

4 T-' ----- - ..-. -.-_ - _- .--.---- --..-- -- -----------.. . .----~ 400

I Ampl1tude(p-p)-1.00 mm
I 'i'" 1. '-1 -
1 -SO.8SOC I'
I 3.0S2 GPa 119.2°C * : 130.1°C
~
334.5 MPa 1\ i 1 :::>
o
3 ~ 23.00 C f Ii 1.380
2.661 GPa
:, 300
I II
I I I,
--~

m
j ----
f
I I
~
<1l
~,

rf
1. ::

ftl
~
I ,II.
<ll Q.
~
Q.
•
UJ
2
! I
'1
I
I

II
a
C
<C
t-.
0.8

200
.
~
UJ
I : I
7

I
I I I
I I T 0.6 I

'I
I I
I ,I
I

I
I
I
II I
I
I
I
.1 J...
I I 0.4
I \

/ j I 100

-100
i ------------..- - - - - - -.- -/,/' \
-------------------------------~~

---'--'--.---'-~'"
-50
I
0
I
50
--r-----.---,--.. -'T"""--....--..... 0
100
j \

150
0.2

0.0

1~,"~~~a+_lJ.N~(OC\ DMA v3.18

Graph 106: Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Styron 484 unfilled high impact polystyrene (HIPS).

2.5 __ _-_.__ __._---

- _ . _ . ~ . .. . ._------_._------ 350
Ampl1tude (P-p) -1.25 llIlIl
-60.B7·C
2.154 SPe
1OS.S·C
303.3 MPe
tlt 114.1·C 300
2.0 1\ 1\
II '
2.115 2.0

I
' I
"'1
II '
23.00·C
250
I I
T
l.B72 SPe
"iii
1.5 I ....
<C
....
1.5
Ii
Q. I ' Q) Q.
~
.W I I \
0
c 200 .w
~

,III
I " m
I t-
...
I
1.0 1.0
I II
,I
T I
I

1
I I
II III 150 J...
,
/ 'II
0.5 ,' I 0.5
, I
I I 100
/ I
I I
I I

0.0
-...... ~-=-____=-.::::..:=.~~~~=-~...-L---"
/ / I
, 0.0 50

-.--- ~--'---r- ----- --r-.--~--___r_--- ..------ ·---'ir---·~"·"--"""",,_-·-

-100 -50 o !SO 100 1eo
Teapereture (·C) DNA v3.1B
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 141

Table 105: Storage and loss properties for Ticona Celstran ABS SS6 6% long stainless steel fiber acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ABS). (tabular data for Graph 105)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.060 79.02 0.02583 40.00 2.564 82.53 0.03219
-55.00 3.035 78.17 0.02576 45.00 2.539 81.63 0.03216
-50.00 3.005 78.48 0.02611 50.00 2.512 80.77 0.03215
-45.00 2.971 79.04 0.02661 60.00 2.461 79.54 0.03232
-40.00 2.931 79.33 0.02707 65.00 2.429 80.09 0.03297
-35.00 2.897 79.66 0.02750 70.00 2.391 82.05 0.03431
-30.00 2.865 80.23 0.02800 75.00 2.349 85.58 0.03644
-25.00 2.839 80.79 0.02846 80.00 2.292 92.76 0.04048
-20.00 2.810 82.06 0.02920 85.00 2.222 104.4 0.04699
-15.00 2.783 84.13 0.03023 90.00 2.145 119.6 0.05575
-10.00 2.760 85.40 0.03095 95.00 2.055 138.2 0.06723
-5.00 2.739 86.62 0.03162 100.00 1.933 160.5 0.08305
0.00 2.723 87.26 0.03204 105.00 1.749 186.2 0.1065
5.00 2.710 87.51 0.03229 110.00 1.454 224.9 0.1548
10.00 2.696 87.80 0.03256 115.00 1.038 281.3 0.2712
15.00 2.683 87.34 0.03255 120.00 0.6099 335.5 0.5511
20.00 2.670 86.58 0.03243 125.00 0.2157 232.7 1.081
25.00 2.653 85.35 0.03218 130.00 0.06596 90.99 1.380
30.00 2.627 84.16 0.03204 135.00 0.03047 40.54 1.330
35.00 2.593 83.17 0.03207

Table 106: Storage and loss properties for Dow Chemical Styron 484 unfilled high impact polystyrene (HIPS).
(tabular data for Graph 106)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.153 62.97 0.02925 30.00 1.845 54.86 0.02972
-55.00 2.140 60.35 0.02820 35.00 1.821 54.96 0.03017
-50.00 2.118 57.98 0.02737 40.00 1.800 55.05 0.03059
-45.00 2.097 56.80 0.02708 45.00 1.784 55.08 0.03088
-40.00 2.076 55.92 0.02693 50.00 1.767 55.37 0.03134
-35.00 2.057 55.01 0.02675 55.00 1.745 55.69 0.03192
-30.00 2.038 53.84 0.02641 60.00 1.722 56.51 0.03281
-25.00 2.018 53.11 0.02631 65.00 1.693 58.00 0.03426
-20.00 1.999 52.76 0.02639 70.00 1.660 60.22 0.03628
-15.00 1.980 52.84 0.02669 75.00 1.618 64.12 0.03963
-10.00 1.961 52.91 0.02698 80.00 1.565 71.47 0.04566
-5.00 1.941 53.36 0.02750 85.00 1.497 83.17 0.05556
0.00 1.922 53.86 0.02803 90.00 1.395 104.2 0.07467
5.00 1.907 54.46 0.02856 95.00 1.230 138.4 0.1125
10.00 1.896 54.68 0.02884 100.00 0.9723 191.1 0.1967
15.00 1.888 54.75 0.02900 105.00 0.5715 288.5 0.5064
20.00 1.879 54.73 0.02913 110.00 0.1586 224.8 1.424
25.00 1.866 54.82 0.02938 115.00 0.04131 79.31 1.920

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

142

Graph 107: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Lustran SAN31 unfilled styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN).

Graph 108: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Triax 1125 unfilled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/ nylon alloy
(ABS/ nylon alloy).

2.5...--------------------------------,.
_lltude (poop) -1.25 l1li
U2.6·C 120
-BO.44·C 117.4 MPa t
'n
2.005 BPa
2.0
68.9"·C II"
107.0 MPa 7\
I \ ,,\ 116.7.C
0.4
100
"\ ; \ "\ O. "070
\ , \ 1/ 1
,'\

1.5 '\ 23.00·C I "I, '\ ........

cD
'
\ , . 1. 768 BPa /
I "
\} i\\
' "
I
"

C
Ql 0.3
BO

.
,fi
..
UJ , / II ' c:
....cD UJ
".....
' . .----~/ i\ ' I \
60 7

I ,\ \ ,I
1.0
1I T I
I

1 0.2 I

I \, \ '--../ , /
'
'\ ..!...

,, 40
0.5 76.00·C , ,
0.08718 / , 1
0.1
,+.-/' \
,
\
20
,I'
0.0 ---.-- --- _---_.
.. .. / ' ...
------------
-100 -50 50 100 1
Te..perature (·Cl
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 143

Table 107: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Lustran SAN31 unfilled styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN).
(tabular data for Graph 107)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 3.837 29.93 0.007800 30.00 3.414 42.41 0.01242

-55.00 3.824 30.33 0.007930 35.00 3.392 42.72 0.01260
-50.00 3.812 31.05 0.008146 40.00 3.364 43.59 0.01296
-45.00 3.788 32.37 0.008546 45.00 3.334 45.02 0.01350
-40.00 3.757 34.15 0.009091 50.00 3.306 46.83 0.01417
-35.00 3.728 35.62 0.009556 55.00 3.280 49.13 0.01498
-30.00 3.703 36.79 0.009936 60.00 3.250 52.13 0.01604
-25.00 3.676 37.84 0.01029 65.00 3.212 56.69 0.01765
-20.00 3.654 38.67 0.01058 70.00 3.161 64.22 0.02032
-15.00 3.631 39.35 0.01084 75.00 3.089 77.67 0.02514
-10.00 3.605 39.69 O.OllOI 80.00 2.998 100.2 0.03342
-5.00 3.577 40.44 0.Oll31 85.00 2.897 128.9 0.04449
0.00 3.550 40.83 0.Oll50 90.00 2.791 161.9 0.05800
5.00 3.529 40.61 0.Oll51 95.00 2.640 210.9 0.07989
10.00 3.503 41.31 0.Oll79 100.00 2.366 282.9 0.ll96
15.00 3.476 41.91 0.01206 105.00 1.832 413.6 0.2260
20.00 3.452 42.04 0.01218 llO.OO 0.9367 621.7 0.6671
25.00 3.435 42.00 0.01223 ll5.00 0.1564 328.6 2.ll3

Table 108: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Triax 1125 unfilled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/ nylon alloy (ABS/
nylon alloy). (tabular data for Graph 108)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(DC) (GPa) (MPa) (DC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 2.005 99.12 0.04944 80.00 1.087 94.34 0.08678

-55.00 1.997 96.70 0.04842 85.00 0.9944 83.84 0.08431
-50.00 1.979 91.87 0.04643 90.00 0.9101 76.10 0.08362
-45.00 1.954 87.ll 0.04458 95.00 0.8247 72.96 0.08847
-40.00 1.931 82.94 0.04296 100.00 0.7315 75.97 0.1039
-35.00 1.909 79.07 0.04142 105.00 0.6149 87.85 0.1430
-30.00 1.890 75.62 0.04002 llO.OO 0.4681 llO.5 0.2364
-25.00 1.873 73.09 0.03903 115.00 0.2810 108.1 0.3854
-20.00 1.861 70.81 0.03805 120.00 0.1629 62.50 0.3834
-15.00 1.850 69.05 0.03733 125.00 0.ll37 35.31 0.3104
-10.00 1.839 67.53 0.03672 130.00 0.08952 23.85 0.2663
-5.00 1.829 66.07 0.03612 135.00 0.07496 17.41 0.2323
0.00 1.819 64.93 0.03569 140.00 0.06678 13.81 0.2068
5.00 1.809 63.99 0.03536 145.00 0.06189 11.49 0.1857
10.00 1.800 63.12 0.03507 150.00 0.05874 10.25 0.1744
15.00 1.788 62.53 0.03498 155.00 0.05633 9.637 0.1711
20.00 1.777 62.15 0.03498 160.00 0.05414 9.286 0.1715
25.00 1.762 61.80 0.03507 165.00 0.05199 9.053 0.1741
30.00 1.748 61.89 0.03540 170.00 0.05001 8.886 0.1777
35.00 1.736 62.25 0.03585 175.00 0.04794 8.747 0.1825
40.00 1.721 63.60 0.03696 180.00 0.04581 8.636 0.1885
45.00 1.696 66.47 0.03918 185.00 0.04359 8.538 0.1959
50.00 1.661 71.90 0.04330 190.00 0.04123 8.499 0.2062
55.00 1.608 80.85 0.05028 195.00 0.03878 8.543 0.2203
60.00 1.530 92.98 0.06077 200.00 0.03611 8.796 0.2436
65.00 1.428 103.4 0.07239 205.00 0.03344 8.669 0.2592
70.00 1.312 107.2 0.08177 210.00 0.03041 8.213 0.2701
75.00 1.193 103.4 0.08668 215.00 0.02658 7.977 0.3002

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

144

Graph 109: Storage and loss properties for Cyro Cyrex RDG200 unfilled, impact modified acrylic/ polycarbonate alloy
(acrylic/ PC alloy).

Amplitude Cp-p) -1.00 IllD

-59. 49·C
3.0 2.941 GPa 4 200
109.S·C j\ I'
197.3MPa f\
2.5
,I \, "
23.00·C , I
2.26S BPa , I /'
3
I I
2.0 0.2302·C I
,
" I
I I .......
III
150
124.1 MPa I, I
I I Gl

.
I I Q
.w II II
I
/' C
w
1.5 t! 2
\ j '1'

I 1.0
\ i
\ i
T
1
100 I
I
I
J..

\ I 1

0.5 U9.S·C \-t 50

0.3039
../ \
--_._-------------_.---......." \\ o
0.0 ,

o 50 100 150 200

Temperature C·C)

Graph 110: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Bayblend FR1441 brominated flame retardant polycarbonate/
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy (PC/ ABS alloy).

-r---------------------------------.,...
Amplitude (P-P)-1.00 mm
400

3.0

122. 1 ·C *,''\
309.3 MPa
2.5 -60.64·C if' \ 2.210
2.0
2.948 GPa ,1/ 300

23.00·C ! \t \A
.w
2.0
2.525 SPa

/'1 ~l .......
III

c!
C
III
1.5

200
Iii
11.

.
~
UJ
1.5 I I I-
"

II'I
'1'

I 1.0
/
/
I
I
I
,I

' I
II
T
1
1.0

100
I
1
I
..!.

----_______________ // / ' I1
0.5
0.5
-----------~~ \I

---
\

./ \
\
... ~

0.0
--------------- 0.0
o

-100 -50 o 50 100 150 200

Temperature C·C) DMA v3.1S
Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library
 145

Table 109: Storage and loss properties for Cyro Cyrex RDG200 unfilled, impact modified acrylic/ polycarbonate alloy
(acrylic/ PC alloy). (tabular data for Graph 109)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (oC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 2.910 93.13 0.03200 55.00 2.024 96.01 0.04743
-50.00 2.869 95.92 0.03343 60.00 1.976 93.02 0.04708
-45.00 2.834 98.94 0.03491 65.00 1.921 91.53 0.04765
-40.00 2.792 102.1 0.03659 70.00 1.862 91.71 0.04926
-35.00 2.748 106.2 0.03865 75.00 1.797 93.82 0.05222
-30.00 2.699 1l0.5 0.04093 80.00 1.728 97.62 0.05651
-25.00 2.648 114.5 0.04325 85.00 1.654 103.2 0.06240
-20.00 2.598 118.1 0.04544 90.00 1.572 111.9 0.07121
-15.00 2.551 120.8 0.04733 95.00 1.472 125.6 0.08534
-10.00 2.507 122.5 0.04888 100.00 1.336 148.8 0.1114
-5.00 2.467 123.6 0.05010 105.00 1.127 179.9 0.1597
0.00 2.432 124.1 0.05101 1l0.00 0.8704 197.4 0.2269
5.00 2.398 123.9 0.05168 115.00 0.6346 181.8 0.2866
10.00 2.363 123.0 0.05204 120.00 0.4647 141.2 0.3038
15.00 2.329 121.7 0.05226 125.00 0.3552 104.4 0.2940
20.00 2.291 119.6 0.05222 130.00 0.2799 80.15 0.2864
25.00 2.252 117.2 0.05205 135.00 0.2218 64.21 0.2895
30.00 2.216 114.6 0.05172 140.00 0.1732 55.49 0.3205
35.00 2.181 111.3 0.05103 145.00 0.1l61 54.18 0.4679
40.00 2.144 107.5 0.05014 150.00 0.04564 45.67 1.008
45.00 2.108 103.7 0.04921 155.00 0.007851 21.00 2.692
50.00 2.068 99.73 0.04822

Table 110: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Bayblend FR1441 brominated flame retardant polycarbonate/
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy (PC/ ABS alloy). (tabular data for Graph 110)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(0C) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.946 78.87 0.02677 45.00 2.426 57.95 0.02389
-55.00 2.930 76.66 0.02617 50.00 2.401 57.36 0.02389
-50.00 2.903 75.23 0.02592 55.00 2.373 57.05 0.02404
-45.00 2.874 74.30 0.02585 60.00 2.339 56.95 0.02435
-40.00 2.828 73.42 0.02596 65.00 2.298 57.58 0.02506
-35.00 2.785 73.23 0.02630 70.00 2.248 59.27 0.02637
-30.00 2.750 72.94 0.02652 75.00 2.189 62.66 0.02863
-25.00 2.717 72.46 0.02667 80.00 2.126 67.96 0.03197
-20.00 2.689 71.79 0.02670 85.00 2.061 75.80 0.03677
-15.00 2.662 71.14 0.02672 90.00 1.994 86.69 0.04347
-10.00 2.637 70.65 0.02679 95.00 1.917 103.1 0.05377
-5.00 2.616 69.63 0.02661 100.00 1.814 126.4 0.06966
0.00 2.598 68.05 0.02619 105.00 1.675 147.6 0.08813
5.00 2.582 66.75 0.02585 1l0.00 1.499 164.5 0.1097
10.00 2.569 65.79 0.02561 115.00 1.246 203.4 0.1634
15.00 2.554 64.58 0.02529 120.00 0.8093 282.8 0.3507
20.00 2.530 63.13 0.02495 125.00 0.2716 267.3 0.9939
25.00 2.517 62.35 0.02477 130.00 0.03711 78.32 2.119
30.00 2.495 61.25 0.02455 135.00 0.01259 25.00 1.985
35.00 2.473 60.04 0.02428 140.00 0.009185 15.95 1.737
40.00 2.450 58.92 0.02405 145.00 0.009178 15.29 1.684

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

146

Graph 111: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Bayblend FR 110 halogen free flame retardant polycarbonatel
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy (PCI ABS alloy).

4 400
Amplltude(p-p)-1.00 mm

-60. 75·C
3.002 SPa 111.9·C
110.6·C
331.2 MPa
tit 2.061 2.0

,J\"I\.
I
:3 300

! If \ Ii
Ii
fI ,,-,Iv! 10
.........CIl 1.5
Ii
0- 23.00·C ,
I
f 0-
~
lJJ
2 2.e83 SPa
/
r
,I
a
c:
m
200 .
~
lJJ

jl1\
~

...
I 1~ 1.0
I
,I I T I
I
I I
I

/
/
, I

II
,I
1 100
..!.
" I
" I
I
-------------------------------~' \I 0.5

i ../'
I
, I
\
\
,-.....
0 ------------------------- 0.0
0

-100 -50 0 50 100 150

Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1S

Graph 112: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Xenoy 6123 unfilled, impact modified polycarbonate
polybutylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PBT alloy).

3.0-r--------------..;..;.""'-..;;;;.......;---------------~ 140
AlIIPl1tude (P-p) -1.28 l1\li
-80. 48·C
2.816 SPa
67.21·C I
2.5
'\ , I
110.9 MPa I 120
,II', Ii
\ -..L
\I 0.6
I
1
I I \ [ '
100
2.0 I
\ , 23.00·C
2.116 SPa
I
, \
I
I
•

\
\ II, 137. 2·C
78.4141 MPa
J' '"
.....
.....
CIl

.lJJ 1.5 "'---- -.. \, ~ J'

a
c:
0.4 80
.
......
_-,
I
\ / \~ j '" UJ
........... f-
...
I ,_/ 1\ \
\ I ,
,I T 60
I
I
I
1.0 /
,
I
\
I
,
'-.-
/
.L 0.2
..!..
,/ I
80.39·C / " 1416.3·C 40
0.09082 , \ 0,3331
0.5
-. ,/.+-_. I,,
---------_.../ \ 20

0.0
' ... ------ 0.0

+--.....-......,.-~-_,_-~-r_---.-__._- ........-_r_-~___..__ ........-__._-........-_i_ 0

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Temperature (·C) DMA v3. 18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 147

Table 111: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Bayblend FR110 halogen free flame retardant polycarbonatel
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy (PCI ABS alloy). (tabular data for Graph 111)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 3.001 72.50 0.02416 40.00 2.483 70.63 0.02844

-55.00 2.980 70.99 0.02382 45.00 2.451 69.65 0.02841
-50.00 2.957 70.43 0.02382 50.00 2.425 68.56 0.02827
-45.00 2.925 70.75 0.02419 55.00 2.399 67.60 0.02817
-40.00 2.888 71.70 0.02482 60.00 2.370 67.43 0.02845
-35.00 2.850 73.10 0.02565 65.00 2.333 67.70 0.02901
-30.00 2.818 74.20 0.02633 70.00 2.285 69.77 0.03053
-25.00 2.795 75.04 0.02684 75.00 2.223 74.22 0.03339
-20.00 2.774 74.96 0.02702 80.00 2.148 81.27 0.03784
-15.00 2.750 75.28 0.02738 85.00 2.058 92.67 0.04502
-10.00 2.728 75.74 0.02777 90.00 1.955 109.7 0.05608
-5.00 2.705 75.67 0.02797 95.00 1.811 138.5 0.07644
0.00 2.683 75.26 0.02805 100.00 1.583 180.9 0.1143
5.00 2.662 74.91 0.02814 105.00 1.159 238.2 0.2059
10.00 2.641 74.50 0.02821 110.00 0.5818 326.9 0.5646
15.00 2.620 74.07 0.02828 115.00 0.1005 170.5 1.705
20.00 2.598 73.35 0.02824 120.00 0.02169 41.24 1.900
25.00 2.574 72.84 0.02830 125.00 0.01234 19.26 1.561
30.00 2.549 71.87 0.02819 130.00 0.01018 15.66 1.539
35.00 2.519 71.46 0.02837

Table 112: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Xenoy 6123 unfilled, impact modified polycarbonate
polybutylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PBT alloy). (tabular data for Graph 112)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 2.814 125.0 0.04442 80.00 1.038 94.27 0.09086

-55.00 2.773 122.7 0.04426 85.00 0.9232 82.26 0.08910
-50.00 2.723 118.5 0.04353 90.00 0.8390 73.02 0.08703
-45.00 2.639 105.4 0.03992 95.00 0.7765 67.08 0.08638
-40.00 2.574 94.29 0.03663 100.00 0.7204 62.76 0.08712
-35.00 2.510 87.52 0.03486 105.00 0.6678 60.41 0.09047
-30.00 2.452 83.40 0.03401 110.00 0.6206 59.82 0.09639
-25.00 2.403 80.86 0.03364 115.00 0.5737 60.57 0.1056
-20.00 2.362 78.23 0.03312 120.00 0.5255 62.93 0.1198
-15.00 2.331 76.93 0.03301 125.00 0.4731 66.50 0.1406
-10.00 2.305 76.12 0.03302 130.00 0.4135 71.25 0.1724
-5.00 2.283 75.97 0.03327 135.00 0.3449 75.78 0.2199
0.00 2.261 75.68 0.03347 140.00 0.2679 75.05 0.2803
5.00 2.238 75.14 0.03357 145.00 0.1979 64.93 0.3282
10.00 2.215 74.42 0.03360 150.00 0.1453 47.46 0.3267
15.00 2.200 73.41 0.03337 155.00 0.1153 33.37 0.2893
20.00 2.185 72.07 0.03298 160.00 0.09708 24.50 0.2523
25.00 2.171 70.76 0.03259 165.00 0.08533 19.90 0.2332
30.00 2.156 69.28 0.03213 170.00 0.07673 17.39 0.2266
35.00 2.138 68.09 0.03185 175.00 0.06988 15.87 0.2272
40.00 2.113 67.24 0.03182 180.00 0.06410 15.06 0.2350
45.00 2.081 67.15 0.03228 185.00 0.05883 14.73 0.2504
50.00 2.032 70.12 0.03452 190.00 0.05361 14.67 0.2736
55.00 1.930 81.42 0.04220 195.00 0.04843 14.67 0.3029
60.00 1.762 98.78 0.05607 200.00 0.04332 14.19 0.3276
65.00 1.570 109.4 0.06968 205.00 0.03762 13.60 0.3616
70.00 1.356 110.3 0.08139 210.00 0.03158 13.14 0.4161
75.00 1.177 104.4 0.08867 215.00 0.02525 12.60 0.4992

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

148

Graph 113: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Xenoy 6240 10% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polycarbonate polybutylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PBT alloy).

5 200
AIlpl1tude (P-p) -1.00 IlIII

-60.46·C 71.34·C 0.25

4.018 BPa 159.4 MPa 140.5·C
4
1157.6 Nfla 1\ 146.3·C
0.2312 i
I

,
.\
\
l\ ,rl; \ 1
I 150
\
\
\
I \ 1/\ \ I
I
0.20

3
\
\
\
I \ ,
//\\ I \ , /
I
III
.....
'Q.
iO 23.00·C Iii
\
\
'\'oJ! ! \\ / rl
Ql Q.

.~UJ \\
,,
3.327 BPa
I ,
\'\\ '
/
I a
c
III
l-
0.15
100
.
~
UJ
\
I \" / 7

I
\
2
T
I , '-..../
,.... I I

-----_./ I \, I
I
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n.93·C / ,,
\
I
0.10
0.06882
1
,'*--~/'
,, \
50
\

0
--,'------------ .-/'
/
,I " ........
---- ........
0.05

0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TelllPerature (ee) OM-' v3.18

Graph 114: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makroblend UT1 018 unfilled, impact modified polycarbonate
polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy).

2 . 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " " " T " 200

AIlpl1tude (P-p) -1.20 _

0.5
t- 1!52.1-C
-BO.48-C
" fr
I' 0.4838
2.0 I1\, \
2.371 SPa "
I I
I\
I' I

150
23.00-C
2.007 SPa I
II
\
I,
I '\
I

I
\
0.4

" ''\
\ !\ / III
.....
'iii
I \ ./
rl

I Q.

.
Ql
a ~
I '--,
I , /
0.3

~"'-....
c
\ 10 UJ
\ I
I- 100
I.

\J\
I 148.3-C 7
\ t"ft 90 •00 MPa T I
I
I

.... ,, ,, ''
1 0.2 ..!.

' . . . ---1 ii \ \
\ 50

I ! \ 0.1

0.01 i
-----... -----~ --------" ,
/ ---
-100 so 1 1 200 2!50
TellP8reture (-C)

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 149

Table 113: Storage and loss properties for GE Plastics Xenoy 6240 10% glass fiber filled. impact modified polycarbon-
ate polybutylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PBT alloy). (tabular data for Graph 113)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 3.992 162.4 0.04068 80.00 2.177 150.0 0.06890

-55.00 3.921 158.2 0.04033 85.00 2.032 136.8 0.06735
-50.00 3.852 151.8 0.03940 90.00 1.927 126.8 0.06581
-45.00 3.764 137.9 0.03663 95.00 1.826 119.3 0.06533
-40.00 3.690 124.0 0.03361 100.00 1.732 114.1 0.06587
-35.00 3.626 116.6 0.03216 105.00 1.639 111.4 0.06800
-30.00 3.559 108.4 0.03045 110.00 1.544 111.1 0.07194
-25.00 3.505 103.1 0.02943 115.00 1.446 113.8 0.07872
-20.00 3.459 97.94 0.02831 120.00 1.340 118.8 0.08868
-15.00 3.427 92.15 0.02689 125.00 1.229 126.3 0.1028
-10.00 3.407 88.17 0.02588 130.00 1.105 136.7 0.1237
-5.00 3.386 85.66 0.02530 135.00 0.9633 149.4 0.1552
0.00 3.367 83.85 0.02490 140.00 0.8041 157.5 0.1960
5.00 3.359 82.83 0.02466 145.00 0.6433 146.9 0.2284
10.00 3.348 81.56 0.02436 150.00 0.5160 115.0 0.2227
15.00 3.342 80.36 0.02404 155.00 0.4313 81.07 0.1879
20.00 3.332 79.46 0.02385 160.00 0.3781 58.33 0.1543
25.00 3.325 79.00 0.02376 165.00 0.3407 46.56 0.1366
30.00 3.313 78.46 0.02368 170.00 0.3111 40.39 0.1298
35.00 3.300 78.22 0.02371 175.00 0.2870 36.12 0.1258
40.00 3.284 78.42 0.02388 180.00 0.2669 32.83 0.1230
45.00 3.268 80.06 0.02450 185.00 0.2494 30.84 0.1236
50.00 3.230 84.68 0.02621 190.00 0.2326 29.85 0.1283
55.00 3.134 101.6 0.03241 195.00 0.2150 29.15 0.1356
60.00 2.966 129.8 0.04375 200.00 0.1966 28.47 0.1448
65.00 2.769 150.5 0.05436 205.00 0.1764 27.75 0.1573
70.00 2.554 158.7 0.06214 210.00 0.1530 27.01 0.1765
75.00 2.350 158.6 0.06750 215.00 0.1308 25.74 0.1969

Table 114: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makroblend UT1018 unfilled, impact modified polycarbonate
polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy). (tabular data for Graph 114)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 2.369 125.3 0.05288 80.00 1.685 76.84 0.04562

-55.00 2.343 120.8 0.05156 85.00 1.522 127.4 0.08381
-50.00 2.308 117.0 0.05067 90.00 1.171 180.8 0.1546
-45.00 2.273 113.3 0.04984 95.00 0.8187 151.2 0.1847
-40.00 2.235 108.9 0.04876 100.00 0.6072 103.3 0.1701
-35.00 2.201 104.6 0.04751 105.00 0.4894 73.86 0.1509
-30.00 2.171 99.86 0.04600 110.00 0.4194 60.47 0.1442
-25.00 2.143 94.97 0.04431 115.00 0.3780 54.62 0.1445
-20.00 2.119 90.38 0.04266 120.00 0.3650 52.89 0.1449
-15.00 2.098 85.97 0.04098 125.00 0.3649 54.08 0.1482
-10.00 2.080 82.42 0.03963 130.00 0.3657 57.15 0.1563
-5.00 2.062 79.42 0.03851 135.00 0.3612 63.45 0.1757
0.00 2.046 77.12 0.03769 140.00 0.3347 74.06 0.2214
5.00 2.032 75.09 0.03695 145.00 0.2630 88.81 0.3383
10.00 2.021 72.83 0.03604 150.00 0.1574 75.95 0.4829
15.00 2.014 70.27 0.03489 155.00 0.09708 42.29 0.4352
20.00 2.010 67.40 0.03353 160.00 0.07438 26.21 0.3522
25.00 2.004 64.46 0.03216 165.00 0.06364 20.05 0.3151
30.00 1.995 61.61 0.03089 170.00 0.05749 17.26 0.3003
35.00 1.979 58.89 0.02976 175.00 0.05370 15.76 0.2935
40.00 1.961 56.24 0.02868 180.00 0.05116 15.11 0.2954
45.00 1.944 53.93 0.02775 185.00 0.04918 14.87 0.3024
50.00 1.922 51.93 0.02703 190.00 0.04718 14.70 0.3116
55.00 1.901 50.47 0.02655 195.00 0.04516 14.37 0.3182
60.00 1.879 49.38 0.02628 200.00 0.04306 13.93 0.3234
65.00 1.851 49.40 0.02669 205.00 0.04091 13.54 0.3310
70.00 1.814 51.53 0.02841 210.00 0.03871 13.24 0.3421
75.00 1.759 59.09 0.03359 215.00 0.03637 12.95 0.3561

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

150

Graph 115: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST125 unfilled, from recyclate polycarbonate
polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy).

3.0-r------------------------------~
92.71ec AllpUtude(p-p)-1.00_
239.2 MPa I 1- 250
2.5 t "
i
'
1.
2
1
1\ I
fi
I!
/' 1.o..,L 200
2.0 11 /'
23.00ec 1\ J.
-44.82ec 2.097 9Pa II i co
....CD
.jJ ,
I

.UJ 1.5
133.5 MPa I\ I o 0.81- 150
C
_.7l-:,
I
I I

I
«l
I- 1
\ I o.s"'; T
I 1.0
\
\
\
'\
-
....
0.3908
28ec
I I
I I
I \
f'
13li1.<4ec
0.381<4
T";: ,
/
i
,
T
1 0.4.1.
1- 100 ;
I
•.!.

0.5
".................
--------
....J L,/' \,.. . . . ...-.,/1 .t- 50
....~
\

0.0
---------------/ "
\
........ \..
.......
138.0ec
3<4.77 MPe
_---------.
0.0J- 0
!

-100 -!50 o aD 100 150 200

Te.perature (OC)

Graph 116: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST11 OWCS impact modified, from recyclate
polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy).

4 300
AIIPUtude (P-p) -LOa IllllI

145.7°C
t
'I"
,t
-60.4BoC II
2B1. 7 MPa 250
3.039 GPa
I'
'.
' I
I '
226.5·C
16.B4
31 I
I I
I ,I 15

I
I
I
I
•
,
I'I I 200

1
, I
I'
I,. II
I I «l

'iO 23.00·C ' I ....CD

.jJ
Ii
a.
a. I
' I
.
,
~ 2.459 SPa I' II , 0
10 ~
.UJ 2 I I
I I, c
«l
150
W
,' I I I-
I I
I, 'T

I ,
, I
B4.71°C I
T, I
I
87.BB MPa , ,' I
I I. I
"'-,,,
,, ~ /
I
I
I
I
I

, !,
1 5
100 ..!.
1
, ,
I
I',
'--,'/
I
I
I
I
I ,I I
"' I I
....

..... _--------","
I
151. 7°C
I
\
, ...--
\ // t 50
1.191
0 ----------------_._-_. 0
0

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Temperature (·C) DMA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 151

Table 115: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST125 unfilled, from recyclate polycarbonate poly-
ethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy). (tabular data for Graph 115)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 2.778 129.0 0.04644 90.00 1.145 210.3 0.1848
-50.00 2.730 130.3 0.04772 95.00 0.4963 192.1 0.3875
-45.00 2.638 133.5 0.05061 100.00 0.2365 82.86 0.3500
-40.00 2.533 127.2 0.05022 105.00 0.1581 44.35 0.2804
-35.00 2.432 109.0 0.04481 110.00 0.1219 32.36 0.2654
-30.00 2.355 93.01 0.03950 115.00 0.1001 27.34 0.2732
-25.00 2.295 82.16 0.03581 120.00 0.08941 26.27 0.2938
-20.00 2.248 73.69 0.03278 125.00 0.09499 29.14 0.3067
-15.00 2.213 65.08 0.02941 130.00 0.1012 33.01 0.3262
-10.00 2.187 58.59 0.02679 135.00 0.09639 34.86 0.3617
-5.00 2.166 54.37 0.02510 140.00 0.08481 32.34 0.3813
0.00 2.148 51.48 0.02396 145.00 0.07414 25.51 0.3440
5.00 2.134 49.19 0.02305 150.00 0.06646 20.38 0.3066
10.00 2.122 47.36 0.02232 155.00 0.06124 17.36 0.2835
15.00 2.111 45.51 0.02156 160.00 0.05790 15.49 0.2675
20.00 2.103 43.94 0.02089 165.00 0.05555 14.35 0.2584
25.00 2.092 42.34 0.02024 170.00 0.05400 13.84 0.2564
30.00 2.076 41.23 0.01986 175.00 0.05224 13.55 0.2593
40.00 2.016 39.48 0.01958 180.00 0.04987 13.34 0.2675
45.00 1.993 39.94 0.02004 190.00 0.04501 12.75 0.2832
50.00 1.972 40.44 0.02051 195.00 0.04183 12.31 0.2944
55.00 1.944 40.89 0.02104 200.00 0.03851 11.80 0.3065
60.00 1.914 41.49 0.02168 205.00 0.03419 11.40 0.3336
65.00 1.881 42.11 0.02239 210.00 0.02982 11.01 0.3693
70.00 1.844 43.20 0.02342 215.00 0.02425 10.56 0.4358
75.00 1.799 45.28 0.02517 220.00 0.01840 10.09 0.5489
80.00 1.727 52.44 0.03037 225.00 0.01214 9.601 0.7924

Table 116: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST11 OWCS impact modified, from recyclate poly-
carbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy). (tabular data for Graph 116)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 3.038 98.88 0.03254 90.00 1.777 83.79 0.04714
-55.00 3.004 96.87 0.03225 95.00 1.693 77.32 0.04568
-50.00 2.945 95.73 0.03250 100.00 1.622 70.40 0.04341
-45.00 2.870 89.02 0.03102 105.00 1.565 66.16 0.04227
-40.00 2.811 81.16 0.02888 110.00 1.515 65.46 0.04321
-35.00 2.746 72.30 0.02633 115.00 1.467 68.61 0.04678
-30.00 2.693 66.33 0.02463 120.00 1.421 76.12 0.05357
-25.00 2.651 61.79 0.02330 125.00 1.371 87.61 0.06390
-20.00 2.615 58.00 0.02218 130.00 1.303 104.0 0.07985
-15.00 2.586 54.68 0.02114 135.00 1.193 133.0 0.1115
-10.00 2.560 51.64 0.02017 140.00 0.9880 189.2 0.1919
-5.00 2.539 49.09 0.01933 145.00 0.6213 276.1 0.4476
0.00 2.524 46.96 0.01861 150.00 0.1804 188.7 1.056
5.00 2.511 45.18 0.01799 155.00 0.05256 56.69 1.076
10.00 2.497 43.85 0.01756 160.00 0.03133 24.03 0.7662
15.00 2.484 42.75 0.01721 165.00 0.02407 16.36 0.6798
20.00 2.470 41.44 0.01678 170.00 0.01990 14.11 0.7092
25.00 2.452 40.34 0.01645 175.00 0.01641 13.22 0.8060
30.00 2.435 39.16 0.01608 180.00 0.01478 13.23 0.8955
40.00 2.386 38.24 0.01603 190.00 0.01008 13.68 1.358
45.00 2.360 38.22 0.01620 195.00 0.007842 13.65 1.741
50.00 2.331 38.88 0.01668 200.00 0.005975 13.28 2.225
55.00 2.299 40.11 0.01745 205.00 0.004180 12.82 3.071
60.00 2.262 42.04 0.01859 210.00 0.002693 12.23 4.554
65.00 2.216 45.01 0.02031 215.00 0.001451 11.58 7.999
70.00 2.158 50.99 0.02362 220.00 8.644E-4 11.08 12.84
75.00 2.090 62.60 0.02996 225.00 6.301E-4 10.41 16.52
80.00 1.996 80.31 0.04023 230.00 0.003972 6.852 1.986

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

152

Graph 117: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST150 unfilled, impact modified, from recyclate
polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate.alloy WCI polyester PET alloy).

3.0 200
Allplltude (P-p) -1.00 _
-ae . ..eee
2.737 SPa 92.!S2ee 1.0~
2.5
177.4 MPa
t .I 1
"
"
I" I
143.S·C .f 0.8~ 150
"
I
, 'I
, I
131.9 MPa I I I
2.0
,' I i
i
r°
23.00·C I '

iii
-43.92·C
109.0 MPa
2.1!S4 SPa
(
I
I
II 1"rI 147 • 8·C
t30
....ltI
.... ~ iii
a-
~ I , . c
CD
0.6-1 a-
.
~
UJ
1.5 -~I
I
I
1
\I
,
I
:

I 1\ I
'/ /
c:
lO
l- t 100
UJ

'i"

I 1.0
I
I
I
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\
,I
I
\ I
j 1\ \ _. /1
'II
I I
I
T
1 0.41
I
I
I
J..

,, \ ,I .I'
\ I I
\
\ \ '1
\ 123.5·C !
\
\
\,/ 0.5309 GPa
\
, I 0.2+ 50
0.5
"
'......... , ~'---' ..!
0.0
-------------- ---
,.,//.
J
, 9!5.04ee
0.1820 ........ _------ 0.0...,t
I
0
-100 -80 0 !SO 100 1 200 2!SO 300
TellPereture (·C) DNA v3.18

Graph 118: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makroblend UT403 unfilled, impact modified, UV stabilized, low
viscosity polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy).

3 . 0 . . , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r 200
Allplltude (P-p) -1.20 _
-80.43ee
2.~ SPa
141.!See +
2.5
181.1 tFa l'
148.7ee
87. 13ee ,JiI'
'\ 0.8398 0.6
140.7 tFe 150
2.0 23.00ee
2.288 BPe
1\
(\ !IIi
1,1, / I

, \
,
J
1'1'
II \ ,I' ...,lO
.... Cii

.UJ 1.5
\ ill\ ,I Cl
CD

c:
0.4
Q.

.
~

\, III \ ' .......//

I 'I l-
co
100
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TellPerature (ee) DNA v3.1S

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 153

Table 117: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST150 unfilled, impact modified, from recyclate
polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy). (tabular data for Graph 117)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (OC) (GPa) (MPa)
-55.00 2.731 105.6 0.03865 85.00 1.748 80.30 0.04597
-50.00 2.694 106.8 0.03966 90.00 1.475 161.8 0.1099
-45.00 2.633 109.0 0.04139 95.00 1.076 163.6 0.1520
-40.00 2.545 104.1 0.04091 100.00 0.8231 108.7 0.1321
-35.00 2.460 89.85 0.03652 105.00 0.6805 73.45 0.1079
-30.00 2.396 77.12 0.03219 110.00 0.5960 62.88 0.1055
-25.00 2.349 68.47 0.02914 115.00 0.5425 55.58 0.1024
-20.00 2.308 61.29 0.02655 120.00 0.5375 53.41 0.09935
-15.00 2.272 55.24 0.02431 125.00 0.5223 54.58 0.1045
-10.00 2.243 49.36 0.02200 130.00 0.5028 61.11 0.1215
-5.00 2.221 44.75 0.02015 135.00 0.4926 76.67 0.1557
0.00 2.203 41.65 0.01891 140.00 0.4417 110.0 0.2494
5.00 2.187 39.43 0.01803 145.00 0.2584 128.4 0.4995
10.00 2.173 37.41 0.01722 150.00 0.1046 60.22 0.5749
15.00 2.164 35.67 0.01649 155.00 0.06659 28.58 0.4289
20.00 2.157 34.27 0.01589 160.00 0.05235 20.35 0.3887
25.00 2.152 33.06 0.01536 165.00 0.04383 16.60 0.3787
30.00 2.141 32.00 0.01494 170.00 0.03891 14.72 0.3782
35.00 2.122 31.11 0.01466 175.00 0.03571 13.58 0.3803
40.00 2.095 30.84 0.01472 180.00 0.03323 13.08 0.3937
45.00 2.074 31.08 0.01499 185.00 0.03081 12.91 0.4191
50.00 2.057 31.71 0.01542 190.00 0.02843 12.75 0.4484
55.00 2.039 32.41 0.01590 195.00 0.02604 12.49 0.4795
60.00 2.018 33.18 0.01644 200.00 0.02365 12.14 0.5132
65.00 1.993 34.24 0.01718 205.00 0.02129 11.76 0.5523
70.00 1.963 35.86 0.01827 210.00 0.01884 11.39 0.6043
75.00 1.924 38.77 0.02015 215.00 0.01619 10.99 0.6792
80.00 1.865 46.48 0.02492 220.00 0.01351 10.60 0.7850

Table 118: Storage and loss properties for Bayer Makroblend UT403 unfilled, impact modified, UV stabilized, low viscos-
ity polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PCI polyester PET alloy). (tabular data for Graph 118)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)
-60.00 2.598 102.3 0.03937 80.00 1.905 93.63 0.04917
-55.00 2.576 97.09 0.03768 85.00 1.659 135.4 0.08166
-50.00 2.555 93.35 0.03654 90.00 1.398 137.0 0.09802
-45.00 2.525 89.04 0.03526 95.00 1.194 118.1 0.09888
-40.00 2.495 85.48 0.03424 100.00 1.051 95.28 0.09064
-35.00 2.467 82.13 0.03328 105.00 0.9580 82.78 0.08642
-30.00 2.440 79.01 0.03238 110.00 0.8915 78.80 0.08840
-25.00 2.416 75.78 0.03136 115.00 0.8537 75.54 0.08848
-20.00 2.392 72.99 0.03052 120.00 0.8320 76.31 0.09172
-15.00 2.372 71.10 0.02998 125.00 0.7991 81.42 0.1019
-10.00 2.352 69.60 0.02959 130.00 0.7529 94.29 0.1253
-5.00 2.331 68.27 0.02929 135.00 0.6615 124.0 0.1877
0.00 2.308 66.93 0.02900 140.00 0.4765 174.8 0.3684
5.00 2.290 64.42 0.02813 145.00 0.2104 133.8 0.6368
10.00 2.279 60.92 0.02674 150.00 0.1080 54.55 0.5043
15.00 2.272 56.40 0.02482 155.00 0.07880 30.69 0.3893
20.00 2.269 51.73 0.02280 160.00 0.06442 22.33 0.3466
25.00 2.265 46.87 0.02070 165.00 0.05606 18.88 0.3369
30.00 2.255 43.48 0.01928 170.00 0.05074 17.47 0.3444
35.00 2.236 42.29 0.01891 175.00 0.04645 16.53 0.3558
40.00 2.219 41.46 0.01868 180.00 0.04358 15.87 0.3642
45.00 2.204 40.95 0.01858 185.00 0.04101 15.52 0.3784
50.00 2.189 40.67 0.01858 190.00 0.03851 15.28 0.3967
55.00 2.171 40.87 0.01883 195.00 0.03584 14.95 0.4173
60.00 2.150 41.72 0.01941 200.00 0.03323 14.58 0.4389
65.00 2.123 43.22 0.02036 205.00 0.03098 14.23 0.4595
70.00 2.086 46.81 0.02244 210.00 0.02845 13.85 0.4868
75.00 2.025 58.43 0.02886 215.00 0.02610 13.47 0.5161

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

154

Graph 119: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST170-30G 30% glass fiber filled, impact modified,
from recyclate polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy).

8 BOO
Allpl1tude (P-p) 000.150 . .
I
-!56.39·C
6.a7B SPa 143.0'"C
-{t-
II 148 ...·C /
i
728.8 MPa
II 0.6177 I
6

23.00·C
1.1\ I
'~ . O'6t~o
8.999 BPa

Iii I 1\\ / ...,1II

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'
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-100 -150 o 150 100 1150 200

TellPerature (·C)

Graph 120: Storage and loss properties for Montell Hivalloy GXPA064 35% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polypropylene/ polystyrene alloy (PP/ PS alloy).

Allpl1tude (P-P) 000.80 _

6 200

0.20

150
...,....a
a 0.15 Iii
0-
a
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w
23.00'"C

L
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TaiiPifr'-'iture ('"C) DNA v3. 18

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 155

Table 119: Storage and loss properties for MRC Polymers Stanuloy ST170-30G 30% glass fiber filled, impact modified, from
recyclate polycarbonate polyethylene terephthalate alloy (PC/ polyester PET alloy). (tabular data for Graph 119)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-55.00 6.575 98.75 0.01502 90.00 4.804 329.0 0.06850

-50.00 6.558 96.84 0.01477 95.00 4.284 325.9 0.07607
-45.00 6.519 96.03 0.01473 100.00 3.947 309.8 0.07850
-40.00 6.443 95.16 0.01477 105.00 3.665 310.7 0.08479
-35.00 6.369 90.50 0.01421 110.00 3.467 287.5 0.08292
-30.00 6.303 83.14 0.01319 115.00 3.443 264.3 0.07676
-25.00 6.249 77.49 0.01240 120.00 3.444 261.9 0.07605
-20.00 6.210 72.87 0.01173 125.00 3.395 285.3 0.08404
-15.00 6.171 70.02 0.01135 130.00 3.274 337.7 0.1032
-10.00 6.138 67.12 0.01093 135.00 2.938 453.7 0.1546
-5.00 6.107 63.41 0.01038 140.00 2.158 694.2 0.3229
0.00 6.081 59.37 0.009765 145.00 1.039 613.7 0.5920
5.00 6.058 56.03 0.009249 150.00 0.4889 264.0 0.5389
10.00 6.038 54.03 0.008948 155.00 0.3261 126.9 0.3890
15.00 6.022 52.44 0.008708 160.00 0.2479 86.11 0.3474
20.00 6.008 50.77 0.008450 165.00 0.1945 70.95 0.3648
25.00 5.994 49.33 0.008231 170.00 0.1565 63.51 0.4060
30.00 5.979 48.54 0.008119 175.00 0.1281 56.53 0.4414
35.00 5.956 48.89 0.008209 180.00 0.1080 51.05 0.4729
40.00 5.931 49.46 0.008340 185.00 0.09148 47.22 0.5162
45.00 5.906 49.52 0.008384 190.00 0.07779 43.40 0.5581
50.00 5.885 49.58 0.008425 195.00 0.06653 39.42 0.5926
55.00 5.862 50.10 0.008546 200.00 0.05705 35.45 0.6214
60.00 5.836 50.98 0.008735 205.00 0.04909 31.64 0.6445
65.00 5.805 53.04 0.009136 210.00 0.04247 28.08 0.6611
70.00 5.768 56.84 0.009856 215.00 0.03693 24.81 0.6719
75.00 5.714 64.63 0.01131 220.00 0.03157 21.90 0.6936
80.00 5.607 99.03 0.01767 225.00 0.02551 19.15 0.7508
85.00 5.352 218.5 0.04085

Table 120: Storage and loss properties for Montell Hivalloy GXPA064 35% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polypropylene/ polystyrene alloy (PP/ PS alloy). (tabular data for Graph 120)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(oC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 5.773 196.1 0.03397 50.00 2.443 157.1 0.06429

-55.00 5.723 194.5 0.03398 55.00 2.265 156.2 0.06893
-50.00 5.654 192.3 0.03401 60.00 2.072 158.3 0.07642
-45.00 5.535 189.8 0.03428 65.00 1.860 159.9 0.08600
-40.00 5.396 186.4 0.03455 70.00 1.653 160.8 0.09732
-35.00 5.247 183.9 0.03505 75.00 1.466 159.4 0.1088
-30.00 5.103 182.3 0.03572 80.00 1.312 155.7 0.1187
-25.00 4.975 178.5 0.03587 85.00 1.180 150.5 0.1276
-20.00 4.856 175.9 0.03623 90.00 1.065 145.0 0.1361
-15.00 4.737 176.1 0.03717 95.00 0.9609 138.9 0.1446
-10.00 4.625 178.0 0.03849 100.00 0.8618 133.1 0.1544
-5.00 4.491 182.2 0.04058 105.00 0.7662 129.4 0.1689
0.00 4.343 187.9 0.04328 110.00 0.6586 127.9 0.1943
5.00 4.181 193.6 0.04631 115.00 0.5397 118.6 0.2198
10.00 4.011 197.8 0.04931 120.00 0.4415 93.15 0.2110
15.00 3.837 199.2 0.05191 125.00 0.3741 73.29 0.1959
20.00 3.644 197.3 0.05413 130.00 0.3220 60.54 0.1880
25.00 3.451 192.9 0.05591 135.00 0.2789 51.11 0.1832
30.00 3.248 186.3 0.05737 140.00 0.2434 44.24 0.1818
35.00 3.036 177.5 0.05847 145.00 0.2111 39.10 0.1853
40.00 2.826 168.5 0.05963 150.00 0.1786 34.61 0.1937
45.00 2.627 161.2 0.06137 155.00 0.1492 30.70 0.2058

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

156

Graph 121: Storage and loss properties for Montell Hivalloy GXPA065 35% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polypropylene/ polystyrene alloy (PP/ PS alloy).

8
_Utudtl (poop) -0.10 _

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1.3II-e 200
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+------r-----r-----"""T----.......-or----..,..----_-.
S
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TellParature (-C) DNA v3.SS

Tabular Data Graphs © Plastic Design Library

 157

Table 121: Storage and loss properties for Montell Hivalloy GXPA065 35% glass fiber filled, impact modified
polypropylene/ polystyrene alloy (PP/ PS alloy). (tabular data for Graph 121)
Temperature E' E" Tan Delta Temperature E' E" Tan Delta
(OC) (GPa) (MPa) (0C) (GPa) (MPa)

-60.00 5.106 199.2 0.03902 50.00 2.165 141.7 0.06543

-55.00 5.047 198.4 0.03931 55.00 1.999 142.8 0.07147
-50.00 4.964 194.6 0.03620 60.00 1.829 145.8 0.07973
-45.00 4.848 187.5 0.03868 65.00 1.644 149.2 0.09073
-40.00 4.733 180.8 0.03819 70.00 1.467 150.8 0.1028
-35.00 4.615 176.5 0.03824 75.00 1.302 150.2 0.1154
-30.00 4.496 175.8 0.03910 80.00 1.155 147.4 0.1276
-25.00 4.374 173.5 0.03966 85.00 1.034 144.1 0.1393
-20.00 4.274 169.3 0.03961 90.00 0.9226 138.0 0.1496
-15.00 4.180 166.6 0.03986 95.00 0.8254 131.7 0.1595
-10.00 4.070 168.1 0.04130 100.00 0.7379 125.6 0.1702
-5.00 3.923 173.5 0.04423 105.00 0.6517 121.4 0.1863
0.00 3.767 179.0 0.04753 110.00 0.5590 119.5 0.2137
5.00 3.615 182.2 0.05040 115.00 0.4557 112.0 0.2458
10.00 3.472 182.4 0.05252 120.00 0.3680 88.60 0.2407
15.00 3.314 180.2 0.05436 125.00 0.3091 69.16 0.2237
20.00 3.146 176.2 0.05601 130.00 0.2642 56.90 0.2154
25.00 2.977 170.4 0.05724 135.00 0.2272 48.18 0.2121
30.00 2.822 164.1 0.05817 140.00 0.1959 41.47 0.2117
35.00 2.653 156.4 0.05894 145.00 0.1687 36.36 0.2156
40.00 2.487 148.9 0.05990 150.00 0.1433 32.32 0.2255
45.00 2.327 143.5 0.06168 155.00 0.1190 28.63 0.2407

© Plastic Design Library Tabular Data

 158
Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3 & 4 Graph 5 Graph 6 Graph 7 Graph 8 Graph 9
acetal acetal acetal
acetal acetal acetal copoly-
copolymer copolymer copolymer acrylic acry1ic
Material Family homopolymer homopolymer
(POM (POM (POM
mer (POM
(PMMA) copolymer
(POM) (POM) copolymer)
copolymer) copolymer) copolymer)
200/0 glass unfilled, 25% glass unfilled, unfilled,
25% glass
Description unfilled fiber filled, unfilled impact
fiber filled
fiber filled, impact impact
UV stable modified UV stable modified modified

Supplier DuPont DuPont Ticona TtCOna TtCOna TlCOna AtoHaas Novacor

Material Delrin 500 Oelrin5n Celcon MOO CelconTX90
Celcon Calcon
Plexiglas MI-7
Zylar
Trade Name GC25A CFX-{)l08 ST94-580

Test
Test Notes Test condition
Specimen
Test Method (Unit)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
fSO 1133, 12 {190°C,
melt volume rate mLilOmin
DIN 53735, CAMPUS 2.16 kg}

6 (1.05 kg,
melt flow rate ASTM 01238 g/10min
190°C)
lest temperature:
water absorption 0.8 (ASTM 0.27 (at 24 h, 0.3 (at 24 h, 0.1 (at 24 h,
at saturation
21·25°C; ~x5Oxlmn ISO 62, CAMPUS % 0.9
0570) ASTM 0 570) ASTM 0 570) ASTM o 570}
relative humidity: 50%
test temperature:
moisture absorption
at saturation
21-25°C; ~x5Ox1mn ISO 62, CAMPUS % 0.22
relative humidity: 50%
lest temperature: =10 x >=10
density ISO 1183, CAMPUS g/m"3 1420
21-25°C 4mm

specific gravity ASTM 0792 1.41 1.39 1.58 1.17 1.05

flammabJllty UL94 at
125x 13mm UL 94, CAMPUS HB HB HB HB
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

est temperature: 21·25OC;
relative humidity: 50%; ISO 527-1,
ISO 3167
tensile modulus straM"l rate: 1 mnV'min; ISO 527-2, 5700 (ASTM 1900
elongation: 0.05-0.25%; multipurpose MPa 3200
(secant, 1 mmfmin) CAMPUS, 0638} (ASTM 0638)
atmosphere accoroing to test specimen
DIN 53457
150291

est lemperature: 21-25~C: ISO 527-1,

relativehurnidi1y:5O%;
ISO 527-2,
stress at yield (50 mmlmin S1nm rate: 50 mmlmin; 72
atmosphere according 10 CAMPUS,
150291 DIN 53455

strain at yield (50 mmfmin) . % 15

est temperature: 21-25°C:

tensile strength at break
(5 mmlmin)
relative humidity: 50'%;
strain rate: 5 mmfmin;
. MPa
57 (ASTM
0638)
48 26.9
(ASTM 0638) (ASTM 0638)
atmosphere according 10
150291

30 10 (ASTM 60 {ASTM 100 (ASTM 3.5 {ASTM 80

strain at break (5 mmfmin) %
{50 mmlmin} 0638) 0638) 0638) 0638) (ASTM 0638)

test temperature:
Charpv Impact strength 23°C; relative humidi· 80 x 10 x 4 ISO 17911eU,
kJ/m2 NB
(23°C) ty: 50%; atmosphere mm CAMPUS
according to ISO 291

Charpv impact strength test temperature:

(-30°C) -30°C
test temperature:
80 x 10 x 4
23°C;
Charpv notched impact mm, ISO 17911eA,
relative humidity: 9
strength (23°C) V notch, CAMPUS
50%; atmosphere
r = 0.25 mm
according to ISO 291
Charpv notched Impact test temperature:
7
strength (-30"C) -30°C
notched Izod impact
3.2 mm thick ASTM 0258 Jim 31 69 96 59 32 235
strength (23°C)

flexural modulus ASTM 0790 MPa 5000 2594 1929 7579 2618 2100

flexural strength ASTM 0790 MPa 74 90 65 158 99 57.2

THERMAL PROPERTIES
178 (ASTM
melting temperature °C In 03418)
heat deflection 80 x 10 x ISO 75-1, ISO 75-2, 174 (ASTM 158 {ASTM 150 {ASTM 166 (ASTM
170
temperature at 0.45 MPa 4mm CAMPUS 0648) 0648} 0648} 0648}
heat deflection 147 (ASTM 110 {ASTM 101 (ASTM 163 (ASTM 85 69
115
temperature at 1.8 MPa 0648) 0648} 0648} 0648) (ASTM 0648) (ASTM 0648)
Vicat B softening load: SON; note: =10 x >=10' ISOIDIN 306, 97 97
160
temperature 500 C/h 4mm CAMPUS ASTM 01525 ASTM 01525
coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10 x >=10 ASTM E831 , 0.81 (ASTM
E-4I"C 1.2
expansion (flow direction) 23-55°C 4 mm CAMPUS 0696}

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: 1>=10 x >=10 ASTM E831,

E-4I"C
xpansion (normal direction 23-55°C 4mm CAMPUS

Materials Data Sheet © Plastic Design Library

 159
Graph 10 Graph 11 & 1 Graph 13 Graph 14 Graph 15 Graph 16 Graph 17 Graph 18 Graph 19 Graph 20 Graph 21 Graph 22 Graph 23

amorphous
nylon
nylon 12 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 nylon 6 Material Family
unfilled, 30% glass 33% glass
unfilled, amor- unfilled, 40% glass 50% long
impact modi- 14% glass 30010 glass 30% glass 33% glass 30% glass fiber filled, fiber filled, 44% glass
fied, super
phous, trans- nucleated,
fiber filled, fiber filled fiber filled fiber filled fiber filled impact impact
fiberl mineral
fiber filled
glass fiber Description
parent low viscosity filled filled
tough modified modified
DuPonf EMS Allied Signal Allied Signal Bayer EMS Allied Signal BASF LNP CSM Erg1eeli"g Allied Signal Allied Signal Ticons SUpplier
Zytel STOOl
Grilamid
~apron 8202C
Capron Ourethan Grilon Capron Ultramid Thermocomp
Fibertil J7-33
Capron Capron Gelstran Material
TR55LX 8231G BKV030 PVN-3H 8233G B3EG6 PF1006HI 8267G 8234G N6G50 Trade Name
{dry as {dry as {dry as {dry as {dry as {dry as {dry as {dry as {dry as {dryas {dry as
moided}
{conditioned}
molded} molded} molded} molded} molded} molded} molded} molded} molded) molded} Test Notes

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
50 70 50
melt volume rate
(275"C, 5 kg) (275"C, 5 kg) (275"C, 5 kg)

melt flow rate

1.1 {at 24 h, 0.8 {at 24 h, water absorption

2.5 9.3 8.2 7 7 6.7 6.6 4 5.6
ASTM D 570} ASTM D 570) at saturation

moisture absorption
1 2.6 2.3 2.1 2 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.6
at saturation

1040 1130 1230 1360 1350 1390 1360 1480 1490 density

1.11 1.37 1.33 1.56 specific gravity

flammability UL94 at
HB {0.86 mm} HB {0.8 mm} V-2 (0.7 mm) HB{3 mm} HB HB {O.8 mm} HB {3mm} HB (0.8mm) HB (3mm) HB (3mm)
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

15640 tensile modulus

1900 3760 5960 9700 9500 10300 9500 8970 13500
(ASTM D638) (secant, 1 mmlmin)

70 90 195 stress at yield (50 mm/min

6 4 3 strain at yield (50 mmlmln)

62 151 138 249 tensile strength at break

140 180 195 185 132 230
(ASTM D638) (ASTM D638) (ASTM D638) (ASTM D638) (5 mmlmln)

120 >50 12 4 4 4 2.1

3.5 3 3.5 3.5 3.6 2 strain at break (5 mmlmln)
{ASTM D638} {50 mmlmin} {50 mmlmin} {50 mmlmin} {ASTM D638} {ASTM D638} {ASTM D638}

Charpy Impact strength

NB 75 95
(23"C)

Charpy Impact strength

NB 65 80 (-30"C)

Charpy notched impact

9 11 14 15 8 strength (23"C)

Charpy notched impact

8 8 11
strength (-30"C)

1026 notched Izod impact

171 267 459
(6.4 mm thick) strength (23"C)

2000 6890 7579 13298 flexural modulus

86 220 207 372 flexural strength

THERMAL PROPERTIES
{Tg: 120"C} 220 220 222 222 220 220 220 220 melting temperature

120 171 heat deflection

90 190 217 215 218 220 217 219
(ASTM D648) (ASTM D648) temperature at 0.45 MPa

115 205 {105"C 210 60 213 heat deflection

80 75 195 200 207 210 200 212
{ASTM D648} @ 8 MPa} (ASTM D648) (ASTM D648) (ASTM D648) temperature at 1.8 MPa

Vlcat B softening
103 212 220
temperature

0.7 coefficient of linear thermal

0.9 0.39 0.2 0.21 0.23 0.3 0.32
{ASTM D696} expansion (flow direction)

coefficient of linear thermal

0.9 0.78 1.1 0.7 0.65 0.67 0.79
~xpanslon (nonnal direction

© Plastic Design Library Materials Data Sheet

 160
Graph 24 Graph 25 Graph 26 Graph 27 Graph 28 ",raph 29 & 30 Graph 29 & 3C Graph 31

Material Family nylon 612 nylon 612 nylon 612 nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 66

unfilled, unfilled, unfilled,

43% glass 60% glass 13% glass
Description unfilled
fiber filled fiber filled
unfilled impact impact impact
fiber filled
modified modified modified

Supplier DuPont DuPont LNP DuPont OuPonf DuPont DuPont DuPont

Material Zytel151 Zytel77G43L

Thermocomp
Zytel101L
Zytel
Zytel ST801 Zytel ST801
Zytel 70G 13L,
Trade Name IF100-12 CFE4003

Test (tesfed dry (dryas (dry as (lested dry {dry as (lested dry (dry as
Test Notes Test condition
Specimen
Test Method (Unit) as molded) molded} molded} as molded) molded) as molded)
{conditioned)
molded}

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ISO 1133,
melt volume rate mVl0min
DIN 53735, CAMPUS

melt flow rate ASTM 01238 g/10min

test temperature: 1.7 7.1

water absorption
21·25°C; ~x50x 1 mn ISO 62, CAMPUS % 3 8.5 6.7
ASTM 0 570
at saturation ASTM 0 570
relative humidity: 50%
lest temperature:
moisture absorption
21·25°C; ~x50x1mrr ISO 62, CAMPUS % 1.3 2.8 2.2
at saturation relative humidity: 50%
test temperature: =10 x >=10
density ISO 1183, CAMPUS g/m"3 1060 1140 1080 1080
21-25·C 4mm

specific gravity ASTM 0792 1.42 1.49 1.22

flammability UL94 at
125x13mm UL 94, CAMPUS V-2 (0.8 mm) HB (0.7 mm) V-2 {0.8 mm) HB (0.8 mm) HB (0.8mm) HB {0.7 mm)
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

lesllemperalure: 21·25"C;
relative humidity: 50%; ISO 527-1,
ISO 3167
tensile modulus Slrain rale: 1 mmfmin: ISO 527-2,
multipurpose MPa 2700 3300 2000 1200
(secanl, 1 mmlmin) elongation: 0.05-0.25%; CAMPUS,
almosphere according to test specimen DIN 53457
150291

est lemperalure: 21-25OC: ISO 527-1,

relative humidity: 50%; ISO 527-2,
fstress at yield (50 mmlmin slrain rate: 50 mmlmin; 61 85 50 43
atmosphere according 10 CAMPUS,
150291 DIN 53455

strain at yield (50 mmlmin) % 7 4.4 6 38

est temperature: 21·25"C;

tensile strength at break relative humidity: 50%: 193 214 51.4 121
strain rate: 5 mmfmin; MPa
(5 mmlmin) almosphere according 10 {ASTM 0638} (ASTM 0638) (ASTM 0638) (ASTM 0638)
150291

17 3 I 17 33 41 >50 3
strain at break (5 mmJmin) %
(50 mmlmin) (ASTM 0638) (ASTM 0638) {50 mmlmin) (ASTM 0638) (50 mmlmin) {50 mmlmin) (ASTM 0638)

test temperature:
Charpy impact strength 23°C; relative humidi- 80x10x4 ISO 17911 eU,
kJlm2 NB NB NB NB
(23·C) ty: 50%; atmosphere mm CAMPUS
according to ISO 291

Charpv impact strength test temperature:

NB NB NB NB
(-30·C) -30·C
test temperature:
80 x 10 x 4
23·C;
Charpv notched impact mm, ISO 179/1 eA,
relative humidity: 5 6 85 110
strength (23·C) V notch, CAMPUS
50%; atmosphere
r = 0.25 mm
according to ISO 291
Charpv notched impact test temperature:
5 4 18 18
strength (-30·C) -30·C

notched Izod impact

3.2 mm thick ASTM 0256 Jim 155 171 160 48
strength (23·C)

flexural modulus ASTM 0790 MPa 10340 15847 1973 4830

flexural strength ASTM 0790 MPa 269 317 165

THERMAL PROPERTIES
·C 217 260 262
melting temperature 218 263 263
ASTM 03418 ASTM 03418 ASTM 03418

heat deflection 80 x 10 x ISO 75-1, ISO 75-2, 215 223

180 235 219
temperature at 0.45 MPa 4mm CAMPUS (ASTM 0648) {ASTM 0648}

heat deflection 210 218 54 243

90 80 66
temperature at 1.8 MPa (ASTM 0648) (ASTM 0648) (ASTM 0648) {ASTM 0648)

Vicat B softening load: SON; nole: =10 x >=10' ISOIDIN 306,

181 238 213
temperature 50·CIh 4mm CAMPUS

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10x>=10 ASTM E831 , 0.22 0.27
E-4!"C 1.31 1.2 1.7
expansion (flow direction) 23-55·C 4mm CAMPUS (ASTM 0696) (ASTM 0696)

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10 x >=10 ASTM E831,

E-4!"C 1.31 1.2 1.5
~xpansion (normal direction 23-55·C 4mm CAMPUS

Materials Data Sheet © Plastic Design Library

 161
Graph 32 Graph 33 Graph 34 Graph 35 Graph 36 Graph 37 Graph 38 Graph 39 Graph 40 Graph 41 Graph 42 Graph 43 Graph 44

nylon,
nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 66 nylon 6166 nylon 66 nylon 6166 nylon 6166 nylon 6166 nylon MXD6 aromatic Material Family
copolymer
33% glass
40% mineral 40% mineral 50%1009 5O"k glass
33% glass 40% glass 40% glass 40% mineral 40% mineral 43% glass fiber filled, 33% glass 60% glass
liber filled fiber filled bead lilled filled filled fiberlilled
filled, impact filled, impact
Impact liberfilled
glass fiber
fiber filled
liberfilled, Description
modified modified filled food conlact
modilied
DuPont Tocona Tocona DuPont DuPont DuPont DuPont DuPonf DuPont DuPont LNP -=.,.... EMS SUPPlier
Zylel 7OG33L
Celanese Celanese
Minion 6122 Minion 10640 Zylel FE5128 Minion f 1C40 Minion 12T Zylel 82G33L Zylel 72G33L
Verton
Reny f032 Grivory 5H
Material
1603-2 NFX-Ql02 RF7OQ-10EM Trade Name
(tested dry (dry as (tested dry (tested dry (dry as (dry as (dry as (dry as (dry as
as molded) molded} as molded) as molded) molded} molded} molded} molded} molded}
(conditioned} Test Notes

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
80 (275"C,
melt volume rate
21.6 kg}

melt flow rate

0.9 (at 24 h, 1.3 water absorption

6 5 5.7 4.5
ASTM D 570) ASTM D 570 at saturation

moisture absorption
1.9 1.6 1.8 1.3
at saturation

1400 1500 f460 1560 density

1.47 1.34 1.38 1.57 1.77 specific gravity

flammability UL94 at
HB (0.8 mm} HB HB{0.8 mm) HB (0.8 mm} HB{0.8 mm) HB{0.8 mm) HB HB{0.8 mm)
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

23324 tensile modulus

5800 6000 f7000
(ASTM D638} (socant, 1 mmlmln)

stress at yield (50 mmlmln

strain at yield (50 mmlmln}

221 79 153 186 255 274 tensile strength at break

195 89 87 210
(ASTM D638} (ASTM D638} (ASTM 0638) (ASTM 0638) (ASTM D638) (ASTM D638} (5 mmlmln}

3 20 4 4 3 1.8
3 3.7 10 3 strain at break (5 mmlmln)
(ASTM D638} (ASTM D638} {ASTM D638} (ASTM 0638) (ASTM D638) (ASTM D638}

Charpy Impact strength

90 36 f20 85
(23"C)

Charpy Impact strength

75 26 80 80
(-30"C)

Charpy notched Impact

f2 3 6 14
strength (23"C)

Charpy notched Impact

10 3 5 13
strength (-30"C}

notched Izod Impact

139 129 225 123 320
strength (23"C)

10400 4585 7585 8965 15847 20874 flexural modulus

338 230 290 400 376 flexural strength

THERMAL PROPERTIES
259 (ASTM 233 (ASTM 233 (ASTM
260 257 260 255 260 melting temperature
D3418} D3418} D3418}

257 225 heat deflection

240 220
(ASTM 0648} (ASTM 0648} temperature at 0.45 MPa

253 75 220 220 243 226 235 {165"C heat dellection

210 147
254
(ASTM 0648) {ASTM D648} (ASTM 0648) (ASTM D648} (ASTM D648} (ASTM D648} o 8 MPa} temperature at 1.8 MPa

Vlcat B aoftenlng
247 235 245
temperature

0.54 coefficient of linear thermal

0.67 0.86 0.15
(ASTM D696 expansion (flow direction)

coellicient 01 linear thermal

0.88 0.86 0.9
expanalon (normal direction

© Plastic Design Library Materials Data Sheet

 162
Graph 45 Graph 46 Graph 47 Graph 48 Graph 49 Graph 50 Graph 51 Graph 52
polybutylene polybutylene
rylon, partiall polycarbonate polycarbonate polycarbonate polycarbonate polycarbonate terephthalate terephthalate
Material Family aromatic (PC) (PC) (PC) (PC) (PC) (polyester (polyester
PBT) PBT)
10% glass untilled,
35% glass unfilled. medi· unfilled, unfilled, 20"/0 glass unfilled,
liberfilled, non blooming
Description fiber filled, um viscosity, recycled impact
medium
fiber filled, general
flame
Iheat stabilize, release agent content modified high viscosity purpose
viscosity retardant
SUpplier DuPont GE Plastics jI.1RC PoIymen Bayer GE Plastics GE Plastics GE Plastics TIcons

Material Zylel
lexan 141R
PC429MMH1· Makrolon
Lexan 500 Lexan 3412 Valox 325 Celanex 2016
Trade Name HTN51 G35HSI 200 T7435

Test {dry as
Test Notes Test condition
Specimen
Test Method (Unit) molded}

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ISO 1133, 12 {300°C, 8 {300°C, 6 {300°C, 14 (2SO'C,
melt volume rate mVl0min
DIN 53735, CAMPUS 1.2 kg) 1.2 kg) 1.2 kg) 2.16 kg)

0.15 (at 24 h,
melt flow rate ASTM D1238 g/10min 0.35 0.31 0.29 0.34
ASTM D 570)
test temperature:
water absorption
21·25'C· ~x5Oxl me ISO 62, CAMPUS % 0.08
relative humidi~: 50%
at saturation
lest temperature:
moisture absorption
21·25°C; ~x5Oxlmn ISO 62, CAMPUS % 1200 12SO 1350 1310
at saturation retativa humidity: 50%
test temperature: =10x>=10
density ISO 1183, CAMPUS g/mJl3 1.09 1.2 1.44
21·25°C 4mm

specific gravity ASTM D792 V·2 (1.14 mm) V·O (1.5 mm) HB{1.47)

flammability UL94 at 12100 {ASTM 2067 {ASTM

125x 13mm UL 94, CAMPUS 2350 3300 6000 2400
1.6mm D638} D638}

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

esllemperature: 21-25°C;
relatlV8 humidity: 50%; ISO 527·1,
ISO 3167
tensile modulus strain rate: 1 mmlmin; ISO 527·2,
elongation: 0.05-0.25%;
multipurpose MPa 63 55
(secant, 1 mmlmin) CAMPUS,
atmosphere acco«tlng to test specimen DIN 53457
150291

est temperature: 21·25°C; ISO 527,1,

r.trve humidity: 50%; ISO 527·2,
tress at yield {50 mmlmln slraln rate: 50 mmlmin; 6 3.5
atmosphere according to CAMPUS,
150291 DIN 53455

214 (ASTM 57 {ASTM 56 {ASTM

strain at yield (50 mmlmln) % 45 90
D638} D638} D638)

est temperature: 21-25°C;

relative humidity: 50%; 2.4 {ASTM 90 (ASTM 110 {ASTM
tensile strength at break >50 {50 >50 {SO 20 {ASTM
straIn rate: 5 mmlmln; MPa 7 2
(5 mmlmin) atmosphere according 10 D638) mmlmin} D638) D638) mmlmin) D638)
150291

strain at break (5 mmlmin) Ofo NB 30

test temperature:
Charpy impact strength 23°C; relative humidi- 80 x 10 x 4 ISO 179/1 eU,
kJ/m2
(23°C) tv: 50%; atmosphere mm CAMPUS
according to ISO 291

Charpy impact strength test temperature:

9 4
(-30°C) ·30°C
test temperature:
80xl0x4
23'C;
Charpy notched Impact mm, ISO 179/1eA,
relative humidity: 4
strength (23'C) V notch, CAMPUS
50%; atmosphere
r = 0.25 mm
according to ISO 291
Charpy notched impact test temperature:
748 742 32
strength (·30°C) ·30'C

notched Izod impact

3.2 mm thick ASTM D256 Jim 10300 2136 2101 3286
strength (23'C)

flexural modulus ASTM D790 MPa 90 83 106

flexural strength ASTM D790 MPa

THERMAL PROPERTIES
melting temperature °C

heat deflection 80 x 10 x ISO 75·1, ISO 75·2, 132 {ASTM 130 {ASTM 70 {ASTM
136 140 144 110
temperature at 0.45 MPa 4mm CAMPUS D648) D648) D648)
heat deflection 121 {ASTM 121 {ASTM
125 132 139 50
temperature at 1.8 MPa D648} D648)

Vicat B softening load: SON; note: =10x>_10 ISO/DIN 306, 145 (ASTM
141 141 147 175
temperature SO'C/h 4mm CAMPUS D1525)

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: _10x>_10 ASTM E831,

E·4I"C 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.13
expansion (flow direction) 23-55°C 4mm CAMPUS

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10x>_10 ASTM E831,

E·4I"C 0.13
!expansion (normal direction 23·55'C 4mm CAMPUS

Materials Data Sheet © Plastic Design Library

 163
Graph 53 Graph 54 Graph 55 Graph 56 Graph 57 Graph 58 Graph 59 Graph 60 Graph 61 Graph 62 Graph 63 Graph 64 & 6, praph 66 & 6

polybulylene polybulylene polybulylene polybulylene po/ybulylene polybulylene polybulylene polybulylene polybulylene polybulylene polybulylene polyetherimid. polyetherimid
teraphthalata terephthalate teraphthalala terephthalate teraphthalala terephthalate terephthalate teraphthalata terephthalate terephthalate terephthalale (PEl) (PEl) Material Family
10% glass 30% glass
10% mineral 30% glass 30% glass unfilled,
fiber filled, 30% glass 300/0 glass 30% glass 30% glass fiber filled, 45% glass 55% glass 30% glass
filled, impact
impact fiber filled fiber filled fiber fHled fiber filled flame
fiber filled, fiber filled,
fiber filled fiber filled
general
fiber filled Description
modified color stable from recyclate purpose-
modified retardant
GE Plastics LNP GE Plastics DuPont Plastics Eng Ticona DuPont DuPont Allied Signal DuPont DuPont GE Plastics GE Plastics Supplier
Va/ox 744
Thermocomp
Valox 420 Rynite 530 Plenco 50030 Impet 330R Rynlle FR530
Rynite
Petra 130 Rynlle 545 Rynlle 555 Ullem 1000 Ullem 2300
Material
POXW96630 RE5211 Trade Name
Test Notes

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
12 {250'C, 5 (260'C, 6 (280'C, 5 {280'C, 13 (360'C, 6 (360'C,
2.16 kg)
melt volume rate
2.16 kg) 2.16 kg 5 kg 5 kg) 5 kg)

melt flow rate

0.07 {at 24 h, water absorption

0.26 0.77 0.6 1.25 0.9
ASTM 0 570) at saturation

moisture absorption
0.06 0.2 0.17 0.16 0.7 0.5
at saturation

1530 1560 1670 1590 1800 1270 1510 density

1.36 1.58 1.58 1.8 specllic gravity

flammability UL94 at
HB HB (0.8 mm) HB (0.8 mm) HB V-O (0.8 mm) HB (0.75 mm HB (0.8 mm) V-O {O.41 mm rot-O (O.25 mm)
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

15500 (ASTM tensile modulus

93oo 11000 12000 10200 19500 3200 9500
0638) (secant, 1 mmlmin)

105 stress at yield (50 mmlmln

6 strain at yield (50 mmlmln)

168 (ASTM 168 {ASTM 186 (ASTM tensile strength at break

115 158 135 173 155 196 165
0638) 0638) 0638) (5 mmlmln)

2 {ASTM 2.1 (ASTM >50 (SO

2 2.5 2 2 3.5 2 2 strain at break (5 mmlmin)
0638) 0638) mmlmin)

Charpy Impact strength

65 40 48 50
(23'C)

Charpy impact strength

45 33 42 45
(-30'C)

Charpy notched Impact

45 11 8.5 9.5 12 4
strength (23'C)

Charpy notched Impact

45 11 8.5 9 12
strength (-30'C)

notched Izod Impact

53.4 80 80 90
strength (23'C)

2687 8957 9646 12700 17900 flexural modulus

245 245 225 283 flexural strength

THERMAL PROPERTIES
254 254 255 245 255 melting temperature

163 {ASTM heat deflection

225 245 246 245 240 200 215
0648) temperature at 0.45 MPa

65 (ASTM 224 (ASTM 224 {ASTM ~29 (190'C @ heat deflection

205 224 224 224 210 190 210
0648) 0648) 0648} 8 MPa) temperature at 1.8 MPa

Vlcat B softening
215 228 218 230 230 211 213
temperature

coefficient of linear thermal

0.25 0.3 0.25 0.21 0.11
expansion (flow direction)

coefficient of linear thermal

1.22 0.74
lexpanslon (normal direction

© Plastic Design Library Materials Data Sheet

 164
Graph 68 Graph 69 Graph 70 Graph 71 Graph 72 Graph 73 Graph 74 Graph 75

polyelhere-
polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene
Material Family therketone
(PP) (PP) (PP) (PP) (PP) (PP) (PP)
(PEEK)
40% glass
20% glass
unfilled, unfilled, unfilled, 30% glass 40% glass fiber filled,
Description unfilled
homopolymer homopolymer homopolymer
fiber filled,
fiber filled fiber filled chemically
low viscosity
coupled
Supplier Victrex Exxon Montell Montell Monlell Ferro

Material PEEK 450G

Escorene Polypropylene Polypropylene
PF062-2 PF072-3C PF072-4C ~PP40EA63Ul
Trade Name 1032 400121 400145

Test
Test Notes Test condition
Specimen
Test Method (Unit)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ISO 1133,
melt volume rate mVl0min
DIN 53735, CAMPUS

5 {230·C, 18 {230·C, 2 {230·C, 1.8 {230·C,

melt flow rate ASTM 01238 gll0min
2.16 kg) 2.16 kg) 2.16 kg} 2.16 kg}
test temperature:
water absorption
21-25·C; ~xSOxl mrr ISO 62, CAMPUS %
at saturation relative humidity: 50%
lest temperature:
moisture absorption
at saturation
21·25°C; ~xSOxl mm ISO 62, CAMPUS %
relalive humidity: 50%
test temperature: =10x>=10
density ISO 1183, CAMPUS glm"3
21-25·C 4mm

specific gravity ASTM 0792 1.3 0.9 1.04 1.13 1.22

flammability UL94 at
125x13mm UL 94, CAMPUS V-O {3.2 mm)
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

tesllemperalure: 21·25"C;
relative humidity: 50"10; ISO 527-1,
ISO 3167
tensile modulus Simin rate: 1 mmlmin; ISO 527-2,
multipurpose MPa
(secant,1 mm/min) elongall()(l: 0.05-0.25"10; CAMPUS,
atmosphere according 10 test specimen DIN 53457
150291

estlemperature: 21-25 C; ISO 527-1,

relalive humidily: 50"10; ISO 527-2,
stress at yield (50 mm/min) sirain rale: 50 mmlmin;
atmosphere according 10 CAMPUS,
150291 DIN 53455

strain at yield (50 mmlmin) %

esllempe:rature: 21-25 C;
relative humidIty: 50"10;
tensile strength at break 92 {ASTM 79 (ASTM 97 {ASTM 103 {ASTM
strain rate: 5 mmlmin; MPa
(5 mmlmin) atmosphere according 10 0638} 0638) 0638) 0638)
150291

4.9 {ASTM 2.9 {ASTM 2.7 {ASTM 2.2 {ASTM

strain at break (5 mmlmin) %
0638} 0638) 0638} 0638)

test temperature:
Charpy impact strength 23°C; relative humidi- 80 x 10 x 4 ISO 179/1eU,
kJ/m2
(23·C) ty: 50%; atmosphere mm CAMPUS
according to ISO 291

Charpy impact strength test temperature:

(-30·C) -30·C

test temperature:
80 x 10 x 4
23·C;
Charpy notched impact mm, ISO 179/1 eA,
relative humidity:
strength (23·C) V notch, CAMPUS
50%; atmosphere
r= 0.25 mm
according to ISO 291
Charpy notched impact lest temperature:
strength (-30·C) -30·C

notched Izod impact

3.2 mm thick ASTM 0256 Jim 83 37 79 151 112
strength (23·C)

flexural modulus ASTM 0790 MPa 3660 1309 4100 6300 7030

flexural strength ASTM 0790 MPa 117 155 169

THERMAL PROPERTIES
melting temperature ·C

heat deflection 80 x 10 x ISO 75-1, ISO 75-2, 100 {ASTM 160 {ASTM 160 {ASTM 160 {ASTM
temperature at 0.45 MPa 4mm CAMPUS 0648} 0648} 0648) 0648)

heat deflection
temperature at 1.8 MPa
. 160 {ASTM
0648)
54 {ASTM
0648}
149 {ASTM
0648}
151 {ASTM
0648)
151 {ASTM
0648)

Vicat 8 softening load: SON; note: =10 x >=10 ISOIDIN 306,

temperature SO·C/h 4mm CAMPUS

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10 x >=10 ASTM E831,

E-4/"C 0.47
expansion (flow direction) 23-55·C 4mm CAMPUS

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10x>=10 ASTM E831 ,

E-4/·C
~xpansion (normal direction 23-55·C 4mm CAMPUS

Materials Data Sheet © Plastic Design Library

 165
Graph 76 Graph 77 Graph 78 Graph 79 Graph 80 Graph 81 Graph 82 Graph 83 Graph 84 Graph 85 Graph 86 Graph 87 Graph 86
syrene syrene syrene syrene syrene
polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene polypropylene cyclic olefin cyclic olelin modified modified modified modified modified POlyphenylen,
(PPJ (PP) (PPJ (PP) copolymer copolymer copolymer polyphenylene Polyphenylen polyphenylene Polyphenylen, polyphenylene sulfide (PPSJ Material Family
ether ether ether ether ether
40% mica flame retar- flame retar- 10% glass fibe
40% long 10% glass
filled. 20""" glass danl. danf. high filled. halogen 20% glass 30% glass 40% glass
glass fiber fiber. 30% laic 40% tate filled
chemically fiber filled
unfilled unfilled
moderate has heat resis- tree flame liberfilled fiber filled fiber filled Description
filled filled
coupled resistance lance, unfilled retardant
Ticons Ferro Ferro Ferro Mantell Tioons Tioons GE Plastics GE Plastics GE Plaslics GE Plastics GE Plastics TlCona Supplier
Celstran
HPP4OGR09B~ PP40AC45BK MPP40FJ15NA SB224·2C Tapas 5513 Tapas 6013 Noryl N225X Noryl SE1X
Noryl SE1-
NorylGFN2 Noryl GFN3 Fortran 1140
Material
PPG40 GFNl Trade Name
Test Notes

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
9 {280°C,
melt volume rate
5 kg}

3.2 (230°C. 5.5 {230°C. 10.4 (230°C. 1.5 (230°C.

melt flow rate
2.16 kg) 2.16 kg} 2.16 kg) 2.16 kg)

0.07 (at 24 h. water absorption

0.23 0.22 0.14 0.2
ASTM D 570) at saturation

moisture absorption
0.1 0.1
at saturation

1220 1110 1160 1210 1280 1640 density

1.26 1.26 1.22 1.05 1.09 specilic gravity

flammability UL94 at
V-O V-' {1.5mm} V-l (1.5mm) HB (1.5 mm) HB (1.5mm) V-O (0.4 mm)
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

tensile modulus
9100 2500 4000 6000 8000 14500
(secant, 1 mmlmln)

55 stress at yield (50 mmlmln

5 strain at yield (50 mmlmln)

61 {ASTM 55 (ASTM tensile strength at break

115 70 90 105 160
D63B) D638} (5 mmlmln)

4 {ASTM 8 {ASTM 2 {ASTM 3.7 {ASTM 10 {50

2 5 2.5 2 1.6 strain at break (5 mmlmln)
D63B} 0638) D638} D63B) mmlmln)

Charpy Impact strength

53 30 25 35
(23°C)

Charpy Impact strength

62 30 25
(-30"C)

Charpy notched impact

23 15 9
strength (23°C)

Charpy notched Impact

24 7
strength (-30°C)

notched Izod Impact

52.9 24 16.6 150 320
strength (23°C)

4065 3445 8690 3480 2377 flexural modulus

86 76 flexural strength

THERMAL PROPERTIES
285 (Tg:
162 (Tg: -5°C melting temperature
100°C)

155 {ASTM 129 {ASTM t43 (ASTM 157 (ASTM 118 {ASTM heat deflection
135 145
0648) 0648) 0648) 0648) 0648) temperature at 0.45 MPa

154 {132 C @ 133 {ASTM 75 {ASTM 109 (ASTM 127 {ASTM 107 {ASTM 1260 {196°C Cl heat deftectlon
130 132 140
8 MPa} D648} 0648) 0648} 0648) 0648) 8 MPa} temperature at 1.8 MPa

Vlcat B softening
130 140 135 145
temperature

coefficient of linear thermal

0.7 0.5 0.4 0.25
expansion (flow dlrecflon)

coefficient of linear thermal

0.9 0.1 0.7
!expansion (normal direction

© Plastic Design Library Materials Data Sheet

 166
Graph 89 Graph 90 Graph 91 Graph 92 Graph 93 Graph 94 Graph 95 Graph 96

acrylonitrile acrylonitrile
polyphenylen, polyphenylene polyphenylen, polyphenylene polyphenylen, polyethersul-
Material Family sulfide (PPS) sulfide (PPS) sulfide (PPS) sulfide (PPS) sulfide (PPS) fone(PES)
butadiene butadiene
styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS)
40% glass unfilled, high
40% glass 50% long 50% glass 65% glass
fiber filled, 20""" glass impact, unfilled, high
Description fiber filled,
impact
glass fiber fiber! mineral fiber! mineral
fiber filled general impact
branched filled filled filled
modified purpose
~uppller Phillips 66 Phillips 66 TIcana llcona Ticans Amoco Pertor. GE Plastics GE Plastics
Material Ryton R4 Ryton BR90A
Celstran
Fortron 4184 Fortron 6165 Radel AG220 CycolacT Cycolac GSM
Trade Name PPSG50

Test
Test Notes Test condition
Specimen
Test Method (Unit)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ISO 1133, 26 (220'C, 8 (220'C,
melt volume rate mV10min
DIN 53735, CAMPUS 10 kg) 10 kg}

melt flow rate ASTM 01238 g/10min

test temperature:
water absorption 0.45 {at 24 h,
at saturation
21-2S'C; ~x5Ox 1 mn ISO 62, CAMPUS %
ASTM o 570}
1 1
relative humidity: 50%
test temperature:
moisture absorption
at saturation
21·25°C; ~X5OX1 mrr ISO 62, CAMPUS % 0.2 0.2
relative humidity: 50%
test temperature: 1>=10 x >=10
density tSO 1183, CAMPUS g/m"3 1800 1970 1040 1050
21-25'C 4mm

specific gravity ASTM 0792 1.65 1.51

flammability UL94 at
125x13mm UL 94, CAMPUS V-O V-O {0.8 mm} V-O {0.8 mm} V-O (0.8 mm) HB {1.4 mm} HB{1.47 mm}
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

esllemperature: 21·25°C;
relative humidity: 50%; ISO 527-1,
ISO 3167
tensile modulus strain rate: 1 mmlmin; ISO 527-2, 5690 {ASTM
elongation: 0.05-0.25%;
multipurpose MPa 16800 19000 2100 2100
(secant, 1 mm/min) CAMPUS, 0638}
almosphere according 10 test specimen DIN 53457
1$0291

esltempef8ture: 21·25"C; ISO 527-1,

relative humidity: 50%; ISO 527-2,
stress at yield (50 mm/min) strain rate: 50 mmfmln; 44 45
almOSphere according to CAMPUS,
1$0291 DIN 53455

strain at yield (50 mm/min) %

esltemperalure: 21-25"C;
tensile strength at break
{5 mm/min)
relative humidity: 50%;
strain rale: 5 mmfmin;
. MPa
121 {ASTM
0638}
155 120
109 {ASTM
0638)
almosphere aCCOfding to
150291

0.9 (ASTM 3.2 (ASTM 15 {50

strain at break (5 mmlmin) % 1.4 1.2
0638} 0638} mm/min}

test temperature:
Charpy impact strength 23°C; relative humidi- 8Oxl0x4 ISO 179/1eU,
kJ/m2 29 20
(23'C) ty: 50%; atmosphere mm CAMPUS
according to ISO 291

Charpy impact strength test temperature:

{-30'C) 29 20
-30'C
test temperature:
80xl0x4
23'C;
Charpy notched impact mm, ISO 179/1eA,
relative humidity: 7 7 15 20
strength (23'C) V notch, CAMPUS
50%; atmosphere
r = 0.25 mm
according to ISO 291
Charpy notched impact
strength {-30'C)
test temperature:
-30'C
. 7 7

notched Izod impact

3.2 mm thick ASTM 0256 Jim 69 59
strength (23'C}

flexural modulus ASTM 0790 MPa 11000 6550

flexural strength ASTM 0790 MPa 179 162

THERMAL PROPERTIES
285 lTg: 285 lTg:
melting temperature 'C
l00'C} l00'C}

heat deflection 80 x 10 x ISO 75-1, ISO 75-2,

87 89
temperature at 0.45 MPa 4mm CAMPUS

heat deflection >280 {ASTM 280 (217'C 280 (218'C 204 {ASTM
74 75
temperature at 1.8 MPa 0848} @8MPa} @8MPa} 0648}

Vicat B softening
temperature
load: 50N; note:
5O'C/h
=10 x >=10
4mm
ISOIDIN 306,
CAMPUS
. 94 96

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10 x >=10 ASTM E831, 3.1 {ASTM
E-4fOC 0.85 0.8
expansion (flow direction) 23-55'C 4mm CAMPUS 0696}
coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: -10 x >=10 ASTM E831,
E-4fOC
~xpansion (normal direction 23-55'C 4mm CAMPUS

Materials Data Sheet © Plastic Design Library

 167
Graph 97 Graph 98 Graph 99 Graph 100 Graph 101 Graph 102 Graph 103 Graph 104 Graph 105 Graph 106 Graph 107 Graph 108 Graph 109
acrylonitrile acrylonitrile acrylonitrile acrylonitrile tyrene acrylonitrile acrylicJ pcly-
acrylonitrile acrylonitrile acrylonitrile acrylonitrile acrylonitrile high impact
acrylonitrile butadiene carbonate
butadiene butadiene butadiene butadiene butadiene butadiene butadiene butadiene butadiene pclystyrene
copolymer styrenel nylon alloy (acrylicJ Material Family
styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) styrene (ABS) (HIPS)
(SAN) alloy PC alloy)
unfiiled, halo- 10% glass
unfilled unfilled 6% long unfiiled, unfilled, unfilled,
unfilled, very unfilled, flame en free flame fiber filled, 30% glass 40% glass
medium medium
high impact retardant retardant, flame fiber filled fiber filled
stainless unfilled general easy flow, impact Description
impact impact steel fiber purpose high impact modified
indoor UV retardant
Dow Chemica GE Plastics Dow Chemica GE Plastics GE Plastics ATP ATP ATP Ticons Dow Chemica Bayer Bayer eyro SUPPlier
Magnum 9010
Cycolac
Magnum 941 Cycolac KJW
Cycolac
601 FA 605 607
Celstran ABS
Styron 484
Lustra"
Triax 1125
Cyrex Material
OFA-A VW300 SS6 SAN31 AOG2oo Trade Name
(dry as
molded) Test Notes

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
'22 (220·C,
melt volume rate
10 kg)"
'7.0 (230·C, '2.2 {230·C,
melt flow rate
3.8 kg}' 3.8 kg)"

0.20 {at 24 h, 0.16 (at 24 h, 0.12 {at 24 h, o {at 24 h, 0.25 (ASTM 4.2 (ASTM water absorption
1
ASTM 0570) ASTM 0 570 ASTM o 570} ASTM 0 570) o 570} o 570} at saturation

1.6 (ASTM moisture absorption

0.2
o 570} at saturation

1200 denslly

1.04 1.04 1.04 1.23 1.29 1.28 1.38 1.11 1.04 1.07 1.06 1.15 specific gravity

flammability UL94 at
HB HB HB V-O V-O HB (3.1 mm) HB
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H,)

2415 (ASTM 2300 (ASTM 2000 (ASTM 2100 (ASTM 1848 (ASTM 3280 {ASTM 1890 (ASTM 2250 {ASTM tensile modulus
2500
O638} 0638} 0638} 0638} 0638) 0638 0638} 0638} (secant, 1 mmlmln)

38 stress at yield (50 mm/mln

strain at yield (50 mmlmin)

36 (ASTM 43.4 {ASTM 24 {ASTM 72 {ASTM 47 (ASTM 55 (ASTM tensile strength at break
0638} 0638} 0638} 0638 0638) 0638} (5 mmlmln)

45 {ASTM 2 {ASTM 1 (ASTM 1 {ASTM o (ASTM 52 {ASTM 3.0 (ASTM 70 {ASTM 56 (ASTM
Slraln al break (5 mmlmln)
0638} 0638} 0638} 0638) 0638} 0638} O638} 0638) 0638)

Charpy Impact strength

NB
(23·C)

Charpy Impact slrength

(-30·C)

Charpy notched Impact

8 slrenglh (23·C)

Charpy notched Impact

strength (-30·C)

notched Izod Impact

210 210 641 210 84 69.4 84 84.1 112 32 850 1388
strength (23·C)

2480 2500 2030 2300 4134 6890 8957 2825 1910 3450 2140 2250 flexural modulus

72 80 62 70 86 131 138 78.6 43 75.9 flexural strength

THERMAL PROPERTIES
melting temperature

94 (ASTM 94 (ASTM 93 (ASTM 104 {ASTM 115 (ASTM 118 (ASTM 87 {ASTM 94 {ASTM 123 (ASTM heat deflection
0848) 0848) 0848} 0848} 0648} 0648} 0848) 0848) 0848} temperature at 0.45 MPa

79 (ASTM 84 {ASTM 79 (ASTM 88 {ASTM 101 (ASTM 110 (ASTM 115 {ASTM 87 (ASTM 74 {ASTM 96.1 (ASTM 101 (ASTM heat deflection
0848) 0848} 0648} 0848} 0848} 0848} 0848) 0648} 0648} 0648} 0648} temperature at 1.8 MPa

108 (ASTM 107 {ASTM 101 (ASTM 110 (ASTM Vlcat B sollenlng
91
01525} 01525} 01525} 01525} temperature

0.68 (ASTM coefficient of linear thermal

D696) expansion (flow direction)

coefficient of linear thermal

xpanslon (normal direction

© Plastic Design Library Materials Data Sheet

 168
Graph 110 Graph 111 Graph 112 Graph 113 Graph 114 Graph 115 Graph 116 Graph 117

polycarbon· polycarbon-
polycarbonale polycarbonate polycarbonate polycarbonale polycarbonate polycarbonate
Material Family atel acrylonl· atel acryloni-
polybutylene polybutylene polyethylene polyethylene polyethylene polyethylene
trile butadiene lrile butadiene

10". . glass unfilled,

brominated halogen free unfilled, unfilled, -impact
fiber filled, unfilled, from impact
Description flame flame impact
impact
impact
recyclate
modified,
modified, from
retardant retardant modified modified from recyclate
modified recyclate
Supplier Bayer Bayer GE Plastics GE Plastics Bayer ~AC Polymen MAC Polymer> ~AC Polymen
Material Bayblend Bayblend
Xenoy 6123 Xenoy 6240
Makroblend Stanuloy Stanuloy Stanuloy
Trade Name FA1441 FAll0 UTl018 STl25 STll0WCS STl50

Test
Test Notes Test condition
Specimen
Test Method (Unit)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ISO 1133, 20 (240"C,
melt volume rate mVl0min
DIN 53735, CAMPUS 5 kg)

melt flow rate ASTM D1238 g/10min

test temperature:
water absorption
21·25°C; 5Ox50xlnvr ISO 62, CAMPUS % 0.7
at saturation relative humidity: 50%
test temperature:
moisture absorption
21-2S"C, 5Ox50xlnvr ISO 62, CAMPUS % 0.2
at saturation
relative humiditv: 50%
test temperature: =10 x >=10'
density ISO 1183, CAMPUS g/m"3 1190
21-25"C 4mm

specific gravity ASTM D792 1.18 1.24 1.3 1.22

flammability Ul94 at
125x 13mm UL 94, CAMPUS V-O V-O HB HB
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

est temperature: 21-25°C:
re«ttive humidity: 50%; ISO 527-1,
ISO 3167
tensile modulus sirain rate: 1 mmlmin; ISO 527-2, 2700 (ASTM
multipurpose MPa 2600
(secant, 1 mmlmin) elongation: 0.05.0.25%; CAMPUS, D638)
atmosphere according 10 test specimen
DIN 53457
1$0291

est temperature: 21-25°C: ISO 527-1,

retallV8 humKtity: 50%;
ISO 527-2,
stress at yield (50 mmlmin Slrain rate: 50 mmlmin; 60
atmosphere according to CAMPUS,
1$0291 DIN 53455

strain at yield (50 mmlmin) % 4

eSllemperalure: 21-25 C:
Q

relalrve humidity: 50%;

tensile strength at break 50 (ASTM 62 {ASTM 52 {ASTM 57 (ASTM
strain rate: 5 mmlmin; MPa
(5 mmlmin) atmosphere according 10 D638} D638) D638} D638}
150291

60 (ASTM >50(50 130 {ASTM 4.0 (ASTM 165 (ASTM 80 {ASTM

strain at break (5 mml,min) %
D638} mrnlmin} D638} D638) D638) D638)

test temperature:
Charpy impact strength 23°C; relative humidi- 80 x 10 x 4 ISO 179/1eU,
kJ/m2
(23"C) ty: SO%; atmosphere mm CAMPUS
according to ISO 291

Charpy impact strength test temperature:

(-30"C) -3O"C

test temperature:
80 x 10 x 4
23"C,
Charpy notched impact mm, ISO 179/1 eA,
strength (23"C)
relative humidity:
V nolch, CAMPUS
SO%; atmosphere
r = 0.25 mm
according to ISO 291
Charpy notched impact test temperature:
strength (-30"C) -3O"C

notched Izod impact

3.2 mm thick ASTM D256 Jim 500 601 187 961 801
strength (23"C)

flexural modulus ASTM D790 MPa 2600 2000 2755 2070 2139

flexural strength ASTM D790 MPa 96 76 96 75 83

THERMAL PROPERTIES
melting temperature "C

heat deflection 80 x 10 x ISO 75-1, ISO 75-2, 110 (ASTM 116 (ASTM 177 {ASTM 115 {ASTM 135 (ASTM
100
temperature at 0.45 MPa 4mm CAMPUS D648) D648} D648) D648) D648}
heat deflection 100 (ASTM 87 {ASTM 121 {ASTM 88 {ASTM 115 (ASTM
temperature at 1.8 MPa 90
D648) 0648) D648) D648) 0648)
Vicat B softening load: SON; note: =10 x >=10, ISOIDIN 306, 110 (ASTM
108
temperature 5O"CIh 4mm CAMPUS D1525)

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10 x >=10, ASTM E831 ,

E-4I"C 0.76 0.5 0.52
expansion (flow direction) 23-55"C 4mm CAMPUS

coefficient of linear thermal test temperature: =10 x >=10 x ASTM E831,

E-4I"C 0.8 0.5 0.52
xpanslon (nonnal direction 23-55"C 4mm CAMPUS

Materials Data Sheet © Plastic Design Library

 169
Graph 118 Graph 119 Graph 120 Graph 121
polypropylene. polypropylen8i
poIycarbonate poIycarbonate polyslyrene polyslyrene
polyethylene polyethylene alloy (PPI PS alloy (PPI PS Material Family
alloy) alloy)
"nlllled. Impac 00% glass fibe 35% glass 35% glass
modified, UV filled, i"""", liberfilled. liberlilled,
stabilized, low modified, from impact impact Description
viscosity racyclate modified modified
Bayer MRC Polymers Montell Montell Supplier
Makroblend Stanuloy Hivalloy Hivalloy Material
UT403 ST170-3OG GXPA064 GXPA065 Trade Name
Test Notes

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
melt volume rate

melt flow rate

water absorption
at saturation

moisture absorption
at saturation

density

1.22 specific gravity

flammability UL94 at
HB
1.6mm

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (AT 23°C 150% R.H.)

tensile modulus
(secant, 1 mmJmln)

fstress at yield (50 mmlmln

strain at yield (50 mmlmln)

55 (ASTM tensile strength at break

D638) (5 mmlmln)

151 (ASTM
strain at break (5 mmlmln)
D638}

Charpy Impact strength

(23"C)

Charpy Impact strength

(-30"C)

Charpv notched Impact

strength (23"C)

Charpy notched Impact

strength (-30'C)

notched Izod Impact

800
strength (23"C)

2330 flexural modulus

88 flexural strength

THERMAL PROPERTIES
melting temperature

134 (ASTM heat deflection

D648) temperature at 0.45 MPa

120 (ASTM heat deflection

D648) temperature at 1.8 MPa

Vlcat B softening
temperature

coefficient of linear thermal

expansion (flow direction)

coefficient of linear thermal

!expansion (normal direction

© Plastic Design Library Materials Data Sheet

 171

Glossary of Terms

ABS See acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer. acrylonitrile copolymer A thermoplastic prepared by copolymeriza-
tion of acrylonitrile with small amounts of other unsaturated
ABS nylon alloy See acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer nylon monomers. Has good gas barrier properties and chemical resis-
alloy. tance. Processed by extrusion, injection molding, and thermoform-
ing. Used in food packaging.
ABS PC alloy See acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer polycarbonate
alloy. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer See acrylonitrile butadi-
ene styrene polymer.
ABS resin See acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer.
adsorption Retention of a substance molecule on the surface of a
absorption Taking up of matter in bulk by other matter, as in des- solid or liquid.
olving a gas by a liquid.
amorphous nylon Transparent aromatic polyamide thermoplastics.
acetal resins Thermoplastics prepared by polymerization of Produced by condensation of hexamethylene diamine, isoph-
formaldehyde or its trioxane trimer. Acetals have high impact thalic and terephthalic acid.
strength and stiffness, low friction coefficient and permeability,
good dimensional stability and dielectric properties, and high amorphous polymer Amorphous polymers are polymers having non-
fatigue strength and thermal stability. Acetals have poor acid and crystalline or amorphous supramolecular structure or morpholo-
UV resistance and are flammable. Processed by injection and gy. Amorphous polymers may have some molecular order but
blow molding and extrusion. Used in mechanical parts such as usually are substantially less ordered than crystalline polymers
gears and bearings, automotive components, appliances, and and subsequently have inferior mechanical properties. Materials
plumbing and electronic applications. Also called acetals. in this class do not have a detectable melting point. Examples are
PVC, acrylic, and polycarbonate.
acetals See acetal resins.
aromatic polyester estercarbonate A thermoplastic block copoly-
acrylate styrene acrylonitrile polymer Acrylic rubber-modified mer of an aromatic polyester with polycarbonate. Has higher
thermoplastic with high weatherability. ASA has good heat and heat distortion temperature than regular polycarbonate.
chemical resistance, toughness, rigidity, and antistatic proper-
ties. Processed by extrusion, thermoforming, and molding. Used aromatic polyesters Engineering thermoplastics prepared by poly-
in construction, leisure, and automotive applications such as sid- merization of aromatic polyol with aromatic dicarboxylic anhy-
ing, exterior auto trim, and outdoor furniture. Also called ASA. dride. They are tough with somewhat low chemical resistance.
Processed by injection and blow molding, extrusion, and ther-
acrylic resins Thermoplastic polymers of alkyl acrylates such as moforming. Drying is required. Used in automotive housings
methyl methacrylates. Acrylic resins have good optical clarity, and trim, electrical wire jacketing, printed circuit boards, and
weatherability, surface hardness, chemical resistance, rigidity, appliance enclosures.
impact strength, and dimensional stability. They have poor sol-
vent resistance, resistance to stress cracking, flexibility, and aromatic polymer Aromatic polymers are polymers, the backbone of
thermal stability. Processed by casting, extrusion, injection which consist of repeating aromatic ring units. Aromatic rings in
molding, and thermoforming. Used in transparent parts, auto a unit may be single, fused, or joined by a chemical bond, bridg-
trim, household items, light fixtures, and medical devices. Also ing atom, or a group of atoms. Aromatic rings are 6 carbon rings
called polyacrylates. containing three double bonds and are typified by benzene.
Some hydrogen atoms in these rings may be substituted by other
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer ABS resins are thermo- atoms or atom groups.
plastics comprised of a mixture of styrene-acrylonitrile copoly-
mer (SAN) and SAN-grafted butadiene rubber. They have high ASA See acrylate styrene acrylonitrile polymer.
impact resistance, toughness, rigidity and processability, but low
dielectric strength, continuous service temperature, and elonga- ASTM 0256 An American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM)
tion. Outdoor use requires protective coatings in some cases. standard method for determination of the resistance to breakage
Plating grades provide excellent adhesion to metals. Processed by flexural shock of plastics and electrical insulating materials,
by extrusion, blow molding, thermoforming, calendaring and as indicated by the energy extracted from standard pendulum-
injection molding. Used in household appliances, tools, nonfood type hammers in breaking standard specimens with one pendu-
packaging, business machinery, interior automotive parts, lum swing. The hammers are mounted on standard machines of
extruded sheet, pipe and pipe fittings. Also called ABS, ABS either Izod or Charpy type. Note: Impact properties determined
resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer. include Izod or Charpy impact energy normalized per width of
the specimen. Also called ASTM method 0256-84. See also
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer nylon alloy A thermoplas- impact energy.
tic processed by injection molding, with properties similar to
ABS but higher elongation at yield. Also called ABS nylon ASTM method 0256-84 See ASTM D256.
alloy.
ASTM 0412 An American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM)
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer polycarbonate alloy A standard methods for determining tensile strength, tensile stress,
thermoplastic processed by injection molding and extrusion, with ultimate elongation, tensile set and set after break of rubber at
properties similar to ABS. Used in automotive applications. Also low, ambient and elevated temperatures using straight, dumbbell
called ABS PC alloy. and cut-ring specimens.
172

ASTM 0638 An American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) ASTM 01708 An American Society for Testing of Materials
standard method for determining tensile strength, elongation and (ASTM) standard method for determining tensile properties of
modulus of elasticity of reinforced or unreinforced plastics in plastics using microtensile specimens with maximum thickness
the form of sheet, plate, moldings, rigid tubes and rods. Five (I- 3.2 mm and minimum length 38.1 mm, including thin films.
V) types, depending on dimensions, of dumbbell-shaped speci- Tensile properties include yield strength, tensile strength, tensile
mens with thickness not exceeding 14 mm are specified. strength at break, elongation at break, etc. determined per
Specified speed of testing varies depending on the specimen ASTM 0638.
type and plastic rigidity. Note: Tensile properties determined
include tensile stress (strength) at yield and at break, percentage ASTM 02240 An American Society for Testing of Materials
elongation at yield or at break and modulus of elasticity. Also (ASTM) standard method for determining the hardness of mate-
called ASTM method 0638-84. See also tensile strength. rials ranging from soft rubbers to some rigid plastics by mea-
suring the penetration of a blunt (type A) or sharp (type 0)
ASTM 0638, type IV See ASTM D638. indenter of a durometer at a specified force. The blunt indenter
is used for softer materials and the sharp indenter - for more
ASTM method 0638-84 See ASTM D638. rigid materials.

ASTM method 0648 See ISO 75. ASTM 03763 An American Society for Testing of Materials
(ASTM) standard method for determination of the resistance of
ASTM 0671 An American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) plastics, including films, to high-speed puncture over a broad
standard test method for determination of the flexural fatigue range of test velocities using load and displacement sensors.
strength of rigid plastics subjected to repeated flexural stress of Note: Puncture properties determined include maximum load,
the same magnitude in a fixed-cantilever type testing machine, deflection to maximum load point, energy to maximum load
designed to produce a constant-amplitude-of-force On the test point and total energy. Also called ASTM method 03763-86.
specimen each cycle. The test results are presented as a plot (S- See also impact energy.
N curve) of applied stress vs. number of stress cycles required to
produce specimen failure by fracture, softening, or reduction in ASTM method 03763-86 See ASTM D3763.
stiffness by heating caused by internal friction (damping). The
stress corresponding to the point when the plot becomes clearly
asymptotic to a horizontal (constant-stress) line is reported as
fatigue strength in pascals, along with corresponding number of
cycles. Also called ASTM 0671-7IB. B
ASTM 0671-71B See ASTM D67I. bending properties See flexural properties.

ASTM 0696 An American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) bending strength See flexural strength.
standard test method for the measurement of the coefficient of
linear thermal expansion of plastics by using a vitreous silica bending stress See flexural stress.
dilatometer. The test is carried out under conditions excluding
any significant creep or elastic strain rate and effects of mois- bisphenol A polyester A thermoset unsaturated polyester based on
ture, curing, loss of plasticizer, etc. The specimen is placed at the bisphenol A and fumaric acid.
bottom of the outer dilatometer tube and the tube is immersed in
a liquid bath at a desired temperature. breaking elongation See elongation.

ASTM 0746 An American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) brittle temperature Temperature at which a material transforms
standard method for determining brittleness temperature of plas- from being ductile to being brittle, i.e., the critical normal stress
tics and elastomers by impact. The brittleness temperature is the for fracture is reached before the critical shear stress for plastic
temperature at which 50% of cantilever beam specimens fail on deformation.
impact of a striking edge moving at a linear speed of 1.8-2.1 mls
and striking the specimen at a specified distance from the clamp. bursting strength Bursting strength of a material, such as plastic
The temperature of the specimen is controlled by placing it in a film, is the minimum force per unit area or pressure required to
heat-transfer medium, the temperature of which (usually sub- produce rupture. The pressure is applied with a ram or a
freezing) is controlled by a thermocouple. diaphragm at a controlled rate to a specified area of the materi-
al held rigidly and initially flat but free to bulge under the
ASTM 0785 An American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) increasing pressure.
standard test method for determination of indentation hardness
of plastics by a Rockwell tester. The hardness number is derived
from the net increase in the depth of impression as the load on a
ball indenter is increased from a fixed minor load (10 kgf) to a
major load and then returned to the minor load. This number
consists of the number of scale divisions (each corresponding to
c
0.002 mm vertical movement of the indentor) and scale symbol. CA See cellulose acetate.
Rockwell scales, designated by a single capital letter of English
alphabet, vary depending On the diameter of the indentor and the CAB See cellulose acetate butyrate.
major load.
carbon black A black colloidal carbon filler made by the partial com-
bustion or thermal cracking of natural gas, oil, or another hydro-
carbon. There are several types of carbon black depending On

Glossary of Terms © Plastic Design Library

 173

the starting material and the method of manufacture. Each type chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Thermoplastic produced by chlori-
of carbon black comes in several grades. Carbon black is wide- nation of polyvinyl chloride. Has increased glass transition tem-
ly used as a filler and pigment in rubbers and plastics. It rein- perature, chemical and fire resistance, rigidity, tensile strength,
forces, increases the resistance to UV light and reduces static and weatherability as compared to PVc. Processed by extrusion,
charging. injection molding, casting, and calendering. Used for pipes, auto
parts, waste disposal devices, and outdoor applications. Also
cellulose acetate Thermoplastic esters of cellulose with acetic acid. called CPVc.
Have good toughness, gloss, clarity, processability, stiffness,
hardness, and dielectric properties, but poor chemical, fire and chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber Thermosetting elastomers
water resistance and compressive strength. Processed by injec- containing 20- 40% chlorine. Have good weatherability and heat
tion and blow molding and extrusion. Used for appliance cases, and chemical resistance. Used for hoses, tubes, sheets, footwear
steering wheels, pens, handles, containers, eyeglass frames, soles, and inflatable boats.
brushes, and sheeting. Also called CA.
coefficient of friction See kinetic coefficient offriction.
cellulose acetate butyrate Thermoplastic mixed esters of cellulose
with acetic and butyric acids. Have good toughness, gloss, clar- coefficient of friction, kinetic See kinetic coefficient offriction.
ity, processability, dimensional stability, weatherability, and
dielectric properties, but poor chemical, fire and water resis- coefficient of friction, static See static coefficient offriction.
tance and compressive strength. Processed by injection and
blow molding and extrusion. Used for appliance cases, steering compatibilizer A chemical compound used to increase the compatibil-
wheels, pens, handles, containers, eyeglass frames, brushes, and ity or miscibility and to prevent the separation of the components
sheeting. Also called CAB. in a plastic composition, such as the compatibility of a resin and a
plasticizer or of two polymers in a blend. Block copolymers bear-
cellulose propionate Thermoplastic esters of cellulose with propionic ing blocks similar to the polymers in the blend are often used as
acid. Have good toughness, gloss, clarity, processability, dimen- compatibilizers in the latter case.
sional stability, weatherability, and dielectric properties, but poor
chemical, fire and water resistance and compressive strength. concentration units The units for measuring the content of a distinct
Processed by injection and blow molding and extrusion. Used for material or substance in a medium other than this material or
appliance cases, steering wheels, pens, handles, containers, eye- substance, such as solvent. Note: The concentration units are
glass frames, brushes, and sheeting. Also called CPo usually expressed in the units of mass or volume of substance
per one unit of mass or volume of medium. When the units of
cellulosic plastics Thermoplastic cellulose esters and ethers. Have substance and medium are the same, the percentage is often
good toughness, gloss, clarity, processability, and dielectric used.
properties, but poor chemical, fire and water resistance and com-
pressive strength. Processed by injection and blow molding and conditioning Process of bringing the material or apparatus to a cer-
extrusion. Used for appliance cases, steering wheels, pens, han- tain condition, e.g., moisture content or temperature, prior to
dles, containers, eyeglass frames, brushes, and sheeting. further processing, treatment, etc. Also called conditioning
cycle.
chain scission Breaking of the chainlike molecule of a polymer as a
result of chemical, photochemical, etc. reaction such as thermal conditioning cycle See conditioning.
degradation or photolysis.
continuous maximum service temperature Maximum temperature
Charpy impact energy The energy required to break a notched spec- at which a material can perform reliably in a long-term applica-
imen, for metals in accordance with ASTM E23, equal to the dif- tion.
ference between the energy in the striking member of the impact
apparatus at the instant of impact with the specimen and the copolymer Copolymers are polymers prepared by polymerization of
energy remaining after complete fracture of the specimen. two or sometimes more monomers. Copolymers are called ran-
dom when different repeating units are in random order, block
chemical saturation Absence of double or triple bonds in a chain when they are arranged in blocks consisting of different repeat-
organic molecule such as that of most polymers, usually ing units, alternating when they alternate, and graft when some
between carbon atoms. Saturation makes the molecule less reac- monomers are polymerized and grafted to the existing polymer.
tive and polymers less susceptible to degradation and crosslink-
ing. Also called chemically saturated structure. covulcanization Simultaneous vulcanization of a blend of two or
more different rubbers to enhance their individual properties
chemical unsaturation Presence of double or triple bonds in a chain such as ozone resistance. Rubbers are often modified to improve
organic molecule such as that of some polymers, usually covulcanization.
between carbon atoms. Unsaturation makes the molecule more
reactive, especially in free-radical addition reactions such as CP See cellulose propionate.
addition polymerization, and polymers more susceptible to
degradation, crosslinking and chemical modification. Also CPVC See chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
called polymer chain unsaturation.
cracking Appearance of external and/or internal cracks in the mater-
chemically saturated structure See chemical saturation. ial as a result of stress that exceeds the strength of the material.
The stress can be external and/or internal and can be caused by
chlorendic polyester A chIorendic anhydride-based unsaturated poly- a variety of adverse conditions: structural defects, impact, aging,
ester. corrosion, etc. or a combination of thereof. Also called cracks.
See also processing defects.

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cracks See cracking. degradation Loss or undesirable change in the properties, such as
color, of a material as a result of aging, chemical reaction, wear,
crazes See crazing. exposure, etc. See also stability.

crazing Appearance of thin cracks on the surface of the material or, diallyl phthalate resins Thermosets supplied as diallyl phthalate pre-
sometimes, minute frost-like internal cracks, as a result of stress polymer or monomer. Have high chemical, heat and water resis-
that exceeds the strength of the material, impact, terperature tance, dimensional stability, and strength. Shrink during perox-
changes, degredation, ect. Also called crazes. ide curing. Processed by injection, compression and transfer
molding. Used in glass-reinforced tubing, auto parts, and elec-
creep Time-dependent increase in strain in material, occuring under trical components. Also called DAP.
stress.
diffusion Spontaneous slow mixing of different substances in contact
crosslinked polyethylene Polyethylene thermoplastics partially pho- without influence of external forces.
tochemically or chemically crosslinked. Have improved tensile
strength, dielectric properties, and impact strength at low and ele- DIN 53453 A German Standards Institute (DIN) standard specifying
vated temperatures. conditions for the flexural impact testing of molded or laminat-
ed plastics. The bar specimens are either unnotched or notched
crosslinking Reaction of formation of covalent bonds between chain- on one side, mounted on two-point support and struck in the
like polymer molecules or between polymer molecules and low- middle (on the unnotched side for notched specimens) by a ham-
molecular compounds such as carbon black fillers. As a result of mer of the pendulum impact machine. Impact strength of the
crosslinking polymers, such as thermosetting resins, may become specimen is calculated relative to the cross-sectional area of the
hard and infusible. Crosslinking is induced by heat, UV or elec- specimen as the energy required to break the specimen equal to
tron-beam radiation, oxidation, etc. Crosslinking can be achieved the difference between the energy in the pendulum at the instant
ether between polymer molecules alone as in unsaturated poly- of impact and the energy remaining after complete fracture of
esters or with the help of multifunctional crosslinking agents the specimen. Also called DIN 53453 impact test.
such as diamines that react with functional side groups of the
polymers. Crosslinking can be catalysed by the presence of tran- DIN 53453 impact test See DIN 53453.
sition metal complexes, thiols and other compounds.
DIN 53456 A German Standards Institute (Deutsches Institut fuer
crystal polystyrene See general purpose polystyrene. Normen, DIN) standard test method for determining ball inden-
tation hardness of plastics. The indentor is forced into the speci-
crystalline melting point The temperature of melting of the crystal- men under the action of the major load, the position of the inden-
lite phase of a crystalline polymer. It is higher than the temper- tor having been fixed beforehand as a zero point by the applica-
ature of melting of the surrounding amorphous phase. tion of a minor load. The hardness is calculated as the ratio of the
major load to the area of indentation.
crystallinity Content of crystalline phase, usually as percentage.
DIN 53461 See ISO 75.
CTFE See polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
DMA See dynamic mechanical analysis.
cycle time See processing time.
drop dart impact See falling weight impact energy.
cyclic compounds A broad class of organic compounds consisting of
carbon rings that are saturated, partially unsaturated or aromat- drop dart impact energy See falling weight impact energy.
ic, in which some carbon atoms may be replaced by other atoms
such as oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. drop dart impact strength See falling weight impact energy.

drop weight impact See falling weight impact energy.

drop weight impact energy See falling weight impact energy.

D
drop weight impact strength See falling weight impact energy.
DAP See diallyl phthalate resins.
durometer A hardness See Shore hardness.
dart impact energy The mean energy of a free-falling dart that will
cause 50% failures after 50 tests to a specimen directly stricken DTUL See heat deflection temperature.
by the dart. The energy is calculated by multiplying dart mass,
gravitational acceleration and drop height. Also called falling durometer hardness Indentation hardness of a material as determined
dart impact energy, dart impact strength, falling dart impact by either the depth of an indentation made with an indentor under
strength. specified load or the indentor load required to produced specified
indentation depth. The tool used to measure indentation hardness of
dart impact strength See dart impact energy. polymeric materials is called durometer, e.g., Shore-type durome-
ter.
deflection temperature under load See heat deflection temperature.
dynamic mechanical analysis A technique that employs a low-
deformation under load The dimensional change of a material under strain, oscillatory stress in order to quantify the viscoelastic
load for a specified time following the instantaneous elastic behavior of materials. Commonly referred to as DMA.
deformation caused by the initial application of the load.

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E epoxy resins Thermosetting polyethers containing crosslinkable gly-

cidyl groups. Usually prepared by polymerization of bisphenol
ECTFE See ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer. A and epichlorohydrin or reacting phenolic novolaks with
epichlorohydrin. Can be made unsaturated by acrylation.
elasticity Property whereby a solid material changes its shape and Unmodified varieties are cured at room or elevated temperatures
size under action of opposing forces, but recovers its original with polyamines or anhydrides. Bisphenol A epoxy resins have
configuration when the forces are removed. excellent adhesion and very low shrinkage during curing. Cured
novolak epoxies have good UV stability and dielectric proper-
elastomer A large class of polymers that can be stretched at room tem- ties. Cured acrylated epoxies have high strength and chemical
perature to at least twice their original length and, after having resistance. Processed by molding, casting, coating, and lamina-
been stretched and the stress removed, return with force to tion. Used as protective coatings, adhesives, potting compounds,
approximately their original length in a short time. This class and binders in laminates and composites. Also called epoxies.
includes natural and synthetic rubbers, i.e., elastomers that can be
vulcanized, and thermoplastic elastomers. They are characterized EPR See ethylene propene rubber.
by a combination of low modulus and good elastic recovery.
Polymeric materials of this type are above the glass transition in ETFE See ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
the temperature range at which they are useful.
ethylene An alkene (unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon) with two car-
elongation The increase in gauge length of a specimen in tension, bon atoms, CH 2=CH 2. A colorless, highly flammable gas with
measured at or after the fracture, depending on the viscoelastic sweet odor. Autoignition point 543°C. Derived by thermal
properties of the material. Note: Elongation is usually expressed cracking of hydrocarbon gases or from synthesis gas. Used as
as a percentage of the original gauge length. Also called tensile monomer in polymer synthesis, refrigerant, and anesthetic. Also
elongation, elongation at break, ultimate elongation, breaking called ethene.
elongation, elongation at rupture. See also tensile strain.
ethylene acrylic rubber Copolymers of ethylene and acrylic esters.
elongation at break The increase in distance between two gauge Have good toughness, low temperature properties, and resis-
marks, resulting from stressing the specimen in tension, at the tance to heat, oil, and water. Used in auto and heavy equipment
exact point of break. See also elongation. parts.

elongation at rupture See elongation. elongation at break. ethylene copolymers See ethylene polymers.

elongation at yield The increase in distance between two gauge ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer Thermoplastic copolymers of
marks resulting from stressing the specimen in tension to the ethylene with <40% methyl acrylate. Have good dielectric prop-
yield point. See also elongation. erties, toughness, thermal stability, stress crack resistance, and
compatibility with other polyolefins. Transparency decreases
EMAC See ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer. with increasing content of acrylate. Processed by blown film
extrusion and blow and injection molding. Used in heat-seal-
embrittlement A reduction or loss of ductility or toughness in mate- able films, disposable gloves, and packaging. Some grades are
rials such as plastics resulting from chemical or physical dam- FDA-approved for food packaging. Also called EMAC.
age.
ethylene polymers Ethylene polymers include ethylene homopoly-
endurance limit The maximum stress below which a material can mers and copolymers with other unsaturated monomers, most
endure an infinite number of loading-unloading cycles of speci- importantly olefins such as propylene and polar substances such
fied type without failure or, in practice, a very large number of as vinyl acetate. The properties and uses of ethylene polymers
cycles. Also called fatigue endurance limit. depend on the molecular structure and weight. Also called eth-
ylene copolymers.
EPDM See EPDM rubber.
ethylene propene rubber Stereospecific copolymers of ethylene
EPDM rubber Sulfur-vulcanizable thermosetting elastomers pro- with propylene. Used as impact modifiers for plastics. Also
duced from ethylene, propylene, and a small amount of noncon- called EPR.
jugated diene such as hexadiene. Have good weatherability and
chemical and heat resistance. Used as impact modifiers and for ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Thermoplastic alternating
weather stripping, auto parts, cable insulation, conveyor belts, copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. Has good impact
hoses, and tubing. Also called EPDM. strength, abrasion and chemical resistance, weatherability, and
dielectric properties. Processed by molding, extrusion, and pow-
epoxides Organic compounds containing three-membered cyclic der coating. Used in tubing, cables, pump parts, and tower pack-
group(s) in which two carbon atoms are linked with an oxygen ing in a wide temperature range. Also called ETFE.
atom as in an ether. This group is called an epoxy group and is
quite reactive, allowing the use of epoxides as intermediates in ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer Thermoplastics prepared by hydrol-
preparation of certain fluorocarbons and cellulose derivatives ysis of ethylene-vinyl acetate polymers. Have good barrier prop-
and as monomers in preparation of epoxy resins. Also called erties, mechanical strength, gloss, elasticity, weatherability, clari-
epoxy compounds. ty, and abrasion resistance. Barrier properties and processibility
improve with increasing content of ethylene due to lower absorp-
epoxies See epoxy resins. tion of moisture. Ethylene content of high barrier grades range
from 32 to 44 mole %. Processed by extrusion, coating, blow and
epoxy compounds See epoxides. blow film molding, and thermoforming. Used as packaging films
and container liners. Also called EVOH.

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ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer A flexible thermoplastic with water oxygen from reaching inside the material and blocks further com-
and chemical resistance and barrier properties similar to those of bustion. Also called fireproofing agent, flame retardant chemical
low-density polyethylene and enhanced adhesion, optics, tough- additives, ignition resistant chemical additives.
ness, and hot tack properties, compared to the latter. Contains 3-
20% acrylic acid, with density and adhesion to polar substrates flame retardant chemical additives See flame retardant.
increasing with increasing acrylic acid content. FDA-approved
for direct contact with food. Processed by extrusion, blow and flammability UL rating A vertically oriented sample with a thick-
film methods and extrusion molding, and extrusion coating. Used ness of 0.125 inches is exposed to a Bunsen burner flame for 10
in rubberlike small parts like pipe caps, hoses, gaskets, gloves, s. If burning ceases within 30 s, a second lOs application of
hospital sheeting, diaper liners, and packaging film. flame is required. Cotton is placed under the sample to catch
flame drippings. If the average burning time is lower than 5 s
Evon See ethyLene vinyL aLcohoL copoLymer. and drips do not ignite the cotton, the material is self- extin-
guishing, rating V-O. If the time is lower than 25 s and drips do
extenders Relatively inexpensive resin, plasticizer or filler such as not ignite the cotton, the material is self- extinguishing, rating v-
carbonate used to reduce cost and/or to improve processing of I; and if the cotton is ignited, the material is self-extinguishing,
plastics, rubbers or nonmetallic coatings. rating V-2. If the sample bums slower than 1.5 in/min than the
rating is HE.

flaw See processing defects.

F flexural fatigue Progressive localized permanent structural change

occurring in a material subjected to cyclic flexural stress that
falling dart impact See falling weight impact energy. may culminate in cracks or complete fracture after a sufficient
number of cycles.
falling dart impact energy See dart impact energy.
flexural modulus of elasticity The ratio, within the elastic limit, of
falling dart impact strength See falling weight impact energy. the applied stress on a test specimen in flexure to the corre-
sponding strain in the outermost fibers of the specimen.
falling weight impact See falling weight impact energy.
flexural properties Properties describing the reaction of physical
falling weight impact energy The mean energy of a free-falling dart systems to flexural stress and strain. Also called bending
or weight (tup) that will cause 50% failures after 50 tests to a properties.
directly or indirectly stricken specimen. The energy is calculat-
ed by multiplying dart mass, gravitational acceleration and drop flexural strength The maximum stress in the extreme fiber of a spec-
height. Also called falling weight impact strength, falling weight imen loaded to failure in bending. Note: Flexural strength is cal-
impact, falling dart impact energy, falling dart impact strength, culated as a function of load, support span and specimen geom-
falling dart impact, drop dart impact energy, drop dart impact etry. Also called modulus of rupture in bending, modulus of rup-
strength. ture, bending strength.

falling weight impact strength See faILing weight impact energy. flexural stress The maximum stress in the extreme fiber of a speci-
men in bending. Note: Flexural stress is calculated as a function
fatigue endurance limit See endurance Limit. of load at a given strain or at failure, support span and specimen
geometry. Also called bending stress.
fatigue life Number of loading-unloading cycles of a specified type
that material specimen can endure before failing in a fatigue test. flexural yield strength The maximum stress in the bended specimen
Also called cycles to failure. at the yield point, i.e., when the deflection increases without an
increase in the load. For metals, it is measured according to
FEP See fluorinated ethyLene propyLene copoLymer. ASTM E290 and related standards. Note: Flexural yield
strength is calculated if the specimen does not break.
filler A relatively inert substance added to plastics to reduce their cost
and/or improve physical properties such as impact strength. In flexure Condition of a specimen under bending loading in which the
contrast to reinforcement, filler particles are usually nonfibrous, points originally lying on any straight line are displaced to form
small, and do not improve the tensile strength. The fillers are a plane curve.
added to the plastics at fairly high percentages (>5 vol.%). The
most important fillers are mineral and glass fillers. Based on fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer Thermoplastic copoly-
their use, the fillers are also classified as extenders and reinforc- mer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene. Has
ing fillers. decreased tensile strength and wear and creep resistance, but
good weatherability, dielectric properties, fire and chemical
fireproofing agent See flame retardant. resistance, and friction. Decomposes above 204°C (400°F),
releasing toxic products. Processed by molding, extrusion, and
flame retardant A substance that reduce the flammability of materi- powder coating. Used in chemical apparatus liners, pipes, con-
als such as plastics or textiles in which it is incorporated. There tainers, bearings, films, coatings, and cables. Also called FEP.
are inorganic flame retardants such as antimony trioxide (Sb20 3)
and organic flame retardants such as brominated polyols. The fluoro rubber See fluoroeLastomers.
mechanisms of flame retardation vary depending on the nature of
material and flame retardant. For example, some flame retardants fluoroelastomers Fluorine-containing synthetic rubber with good
yield a substantial volume of coke on burning, which prevents chemical and heat resistance. Used in underhood applications

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such as fuel lines, oil and coolant seals, and fuel pumps, and as glass transition temperature (Tg) The temperature at which an
a flow additive for polyolefins. Also called fluoro rubber. amorphous polymer (or the amorphous regions in a partially crys-
talline polymer) changes from a hard and relatively brittle condi-
nuoroplastics Seefluoropolymers. tion to a viscous or rubbery condition. In this temperature region,
many physical properties, such as hardness, britlleness, thermal
nuoropolymers Polymers prepared from unsaturated fluorine-con- expansion, and specific heat, undergo significant, rapid changes.
taining hydrocarbons. Have good chemical resistance, weather- Note: In dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the peak of the
ability, thermal stability, antiadhesive properties and low friction loss modulus is conventionally identified as the glass transition
and flammability, but low creep resistance and strength and poor temperature, even though the DMA plot clearly shows that the
processibility. The properties vary with the fluorine content. transition is a process that spans a temperature range.
Processed by extrusion and molding. Used as liners in chemical
apparatus, in bearings, films, coatings, and containers. Also called
fluoroplastics.

nuorosilicones Polymers with chains of alternating silicon and oxy- H

gen atoms and trifluoropropyl pendant groups. Most are rubbers.
hard clays Sedimentary rocks composed mainly of fine clay miner-
FMQ See methylfluorosilicones. ai material without natural plasticity, or any compacted or
indurated clay.
fracture mechanics A method of fracture analysis that can determine
the stress required to induce fracture instability in a structure HDPE See high density polyethylene.
containing a crack of known size and shape. Also called linear
elastic fracture mechanics. HDT See heat deflection temperature.

furnace black The most common type of carbon black made by heat denection point See heat deflection temperature.
burning vaporized heavy oil fractions in a furnace with 50% of
the air required for complete combustion. It comes in high abra- heat denection temperature The temperature at which a material
sion, fast extrusion, high modulus, general purpose, semirein- specimen (standard bar) is deflected by a certain degree under
forcing, conducting, high elongation, reinforcing and fast- specified load. At this temperature, a material achieves a specif-
extruding grades among others. Furnace black is widely used as ic modulus which is defined by the applied stress and the sam-
a filler and pigment in rubbers and plastics. It reinforces, ple geometry. Also called heat distortion temperature, heat dis-
increases the resistance to UV light and reduces static charging. tortion point, heat deflection point, deflection temperature under
load, DTUL, tensile heat distortion temperature, HDT. See also
ISO 75.

heat distortion point See heat deflection temperature.

G
heat distortion temperature See heat deflection temperature.
gas black See channel black.
high density polyethylene A linear polyethylene with density 0.94-
general purpose polystyrene General purpose polystyrene is an 0.97 g/cm 3 Has good toughness at low temperatures, chemical
amorphous thermoplastic prepared by homopolymerization of resistance, and dielectric properties and high softening tempera-
styrene. It has good tensile and flexural strengths, high light ture, but poor weatherability. Processed by extrusion, blow and
transmission and adequate resistance to water, detergents and injection molding, and powder coating. Used in houseware, con-
inorganic chemicals. It is attached by hydrocarbons and has a tainers, food packaging, liners, cable insulation, pipes, bottles,
relatively low impact resistance. Processed by injection mold- and toys. Also called HDPE.
ing and foam extrusion. Used to manufacture containers, health
care items such as pipettes, kitchen and bathroom housewares, high impact polystyrene See impact polystyrene.
stereo and camera parts and foam sheets for food packaging.
Also called crystal polystyrene. high molecular weight low density polyethylene Thermoplastic
with improved abrasion and stress crack resistance and impact
glass bead Glass beads range in size from 5 to 5000 um, but normal- strength, but poor processibility and reduced tensile strength.
ly are about 30 um in diameter. They improve the flexural mod- Also called HMWLDPE.
ulus, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, mold flow, and
corrosion resistance of plastics; reduce mold shrinkage and HIPS See impact polystyrene.
cycle time. The beads are made from various kinds of glass
including A type and borosilicate and can be surface modified HMWLDPE See high molecular weight low density polyethylene.
with silane coupling agents to improve adhesion to the polymer
matrix. Used in housewares, machine parts, bearings, molds,
and auto parts.

glass filler Glass fillers are a widely used family of fillers in the form I
of beads, hollow spheres, flakes, or milled particles. They
increase dimensional stability, chemical resistance, moisture ignition resistant chemical additives See flame retardant.
resistance, and thermal stability of plastics.
impact energy The energy required to break a specimen, equal to the
difference between the energy in the striking member of the

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impact apparatus at the instant of impact and the energy remain- In both ISO and ASTM standards, a loaded test bar is placed in
ing after complete fracture of the specimen. Also called impact a silicone oil filled heating bath. The surface stress on the spec-
strength. See also ASTM D256, ASTM D3763. imen is either: low - for ASTM and ISO both 0.45 MPa; high -
for ASTM 1.82 MPa and for ISO 1.80 MPa. The force is allowed
impact polystyrene Impact polystyrene is a thermoplastic produced to act for 5 minutes; this waiting period may be omitted when test-
by polymerizing styrene dissolved in butadiene rubber. Impact ing materials that show no appreciable creep during the inital 5
polystyrene has good dimensional stability, high rigidity and minutes. After 5 minutes the original bath temperature of 23°C is
good low temperature impact strength, but poor barrier proper- raised at a uniform rate of 2°C/minute.
ties, grease resistance and heat resistance. Processed by extru-
sion, injection molding, thermoforming and structural foam The deflection of the test bar is continuously observed: the tem-
molding. Used in food packaging, kitchen housewares, toys, perature at which the deflection reaches 0.32 mm (ISO) or 0.25
small appliances, personal care items and audio products. Also mm (ASTM), is reproted as 'deflection temperature under load'
called IPS, high impact polystyrene, HIPS, impact PS. or 'heat deflection temperature. Although not mentioned in
either test standard, it has become common practice to use the
impact property tests Names and designations of the methods for acronym DTUL for ASTM values and HDT for ISO values.
impact testing of materials. Also called impact tests. See also Depending upon the applied surface stress, the letters A or 8 are
impact toughness. added to HDT: HDT/A for a load of 1.80 MPa; HDT/B for a
load of 0.45 MPa.
impact PS See impact polystyrene.
isophthalate polyester An unsaturated polyester based on isophthalic
impact strength See impact energy. acid.

impact tests See impact property tests. Izod See Izod impact energy.

impact toughness Property of a material indicating its ability to Izod impact See Izod impact energy.
absorb energy of a high-speed impact by plastic deformation
rather than crack or fracture. See also impact property tests. Izod impact energy The energy required to break a specimen equal
to the difference between the energy in the striking member of
intermittent maximum service temperature Maximum tempera- the Izod-type impact apparatus at the instant of impact and the
ture at which a material can perform reliably in a short-term energy remaining after complete fracture of the specimen. Also
application. called Izod impact, Izod impact strength, Izod.

ionomers Thermoplastics containing a relatively small amount of Izod impact strength See Izod impact energy.
pendant ionized acid groups. Have good flexibility and impact
strength in a wide temperature range, puncture and chemical
resistance, adhesion, and dielectric properties, but poor weather-
ability, fire resistance, and thermal stability. Processed by injec-
tion, blow and rotational molding, blown film extrusion, and
extrusion coating. Used in food packaging, auto bumpers, sport-
J
ing goods, and foam sheets. J See joule.

IPS See impact polystyrene. joule A unit of energy in SI system that is equal to the work done
when the point of application of a force of one newton (N) is dis-
ISO 2039·2 An International Organization for Standardization (ISO) placed through distance of one meter (m) in the direction of the
standard test method for determination of indentation hardness force. The dimension of joule is N m. Also called J.
of plastics by Rockwell tester using Rockwell M, L, and R hard-
ness scales. The hardness number is derived from the net
increase in the depth of impression as the load on a ball inden-
ter is increased from a fixed minor load (98.07 N) to a major
load and then returned to the minor load. This number consists K
of the number of scale divisions (each corresponding to 0.002
rom vertical movement of the indentor) and scale symbol. kinetic coefficient of friction The ratio of tangential force, which is
Rockwell scale vary depending on the diameter of the indentor required to sustain motion without acceleration of one surface
and the major load. For example, scale R corresponds to the ball with respect to another, to the normal force, which presses the
diameter 12.7 rom and major load 588.4 N. Also called ISO 2039-8. two surfaces together. Also called coefficient of friction, coeffi-
cient of friction, kinetic.
ISO 2039·8 See ISO 2039-2.

ISO 75 An International Organization for Standardization (ISO) stan-

dard test method for determination of heat deflection tempera-
ture (HDT) and deflection temperature under load (DTUL). L
HDT is a relative measure of a material's ability to perform for
a short time at elevated temperatures while supporting a load. LCP See liquid crystal polymers.
The test measures the effect of temperature on stiffness: a stan-
dard test specimen is given a defined surface stress and the tem- LDPE See low density polyethylene.
perature is raised at a uniform rate. Alternate test methods for
HDT and DTUL are DIN 53461 and ASTM D648. linear expansion coefficient The change in specimen length result-

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ing from a specified change in temperature per specimen length molding, impregnation, and coating. Used in cosmetic contain-
at a reference temperature per said change in temperature. ers, appliances, tableware, electrical insulators, furniture lami-
nates, adhesives, and coatings.
linear low density polyethylene Linear polyethylenes with density
0.91-0.94 glcm 3 Has better tensile, tear, and impact strength melt index The amount, in grams, of a thermoplastic polymer which
and crack resistance properties, but poorer haze and gloss than can be forced through an orifice of 0.0825' in. diameter when
branched low-density polyethylene. Processed by extrusion at subjected to a force of 2160 gf in JO min at 190 C.
increased pressure and higher melt temperatures compared to
branched low-density polyethylene, and by molding. Used to melt strength Denotes the viscous flow of a polymer melt under ten-
manufacture film, sheet, pipe, electrical insulation, liners, bags sile stress.
and food wraps. Also called LLDPE, LLDPE resin.
melt viscosity Intrinsic viscosity of a molten plastic material as deter-
linear polyethylenes Linear polyethylenes are polyolefins with lin- mined in a capillary rheometer.
ear carbon chains. They are prepared by copolymerization of
ethylene with small amounts of higher alfa-olefins such as 1- melt volume index The volume of plastic extruded in 10 min at a
butene. Linear polyethylenes are stiff, tough and have good given load on a specified die.
resistance to environmental cracking and low temperatures.
Processed by extrusion and molding. Used to manufacture film, methyltluorosilicones Silicone rubbers containing pendant fluorine
bags, containers, liners, profiles and pipe. and methyl groups. Have good chemical and heat resistance.
Used in gasoline lines, gaskets, and seals. Also called FMQ.
liquid crystal polymers Thermoplastic aromatic copolyesters with
highly ordered structure. Have good tensile and flexural proper- methylphenylsilicones Silicone rubbers containing pendant phenyl
ties at high temperatures, chemical, radiation and fire resistance, and methyl groups. Have good resistance to heat, oxidation, and
and weatherability. Processed by sintering and injection mold- radiation, and compatibility with plastics.
ing. Used to substitute ceramics and metals in electrical compo-
nents, electronics, chemical apparatus, and aerospace and auto methylsilicone Silicone rubbers containing pendant methyl groups.
parts. Also called LCP. Have good heat and oxidation resistance. Used in electrical insu-
lation and coatings. Also called MQ.
LLDPE See linear low density polyethylene.
methylvinyltluorosilicone Silicone rubbers contammg pendant
LLDPE resin See linear low density polyethylene. vinyl, methyl, and fluorine groups. Can be additionally
crosslinked via vinyl groups. Have good resistance to petroleum
loss modulus In a dynamic experiment, that portion of the stress- products at elevated temperatures.
strain response which is out of phase with the applies stress. The
loss modulus is related to that portion of the polymer structure methylvinylsilicone Silicone rubbers containing pendant methyl and
that undergoes viscous flow when a load is applied. Note: Loss vinyl groups. Can be additionally crosslinked via vinyl groups.
modulus versus temperature curves are commonly reported in Vulcanized to high degrees of crosslinking. Used in sealants,
dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. adhesives, coatings, cables, gaskets, tubing, and electrical tape.

low density polyethylene A branched-chain thermoplastic with den- mica Mica is a crystalline platy filler made by wet or dry grinding of
sity 0.91-0.94 g/cm 3. Has good impact strength, flexibility, muscovite or phlogopite, minerals consisting mainly of alu-
transparency, chemical resistance, dielectric properties, and low minum and potassium orthosilicates, or by chemical reaction
water permeability and brittleness temperature, but poor heat, between potassium fluorosilicate and alumina. Used as a filler in
stress cracking and fire resistance and weatherability. Processed thermosetting resins to impart good dielectric properties and
by extrusion coating, injection and blow molding, and film heat resistance, and in thermoplastics such as polyolefins to
extrusion. Can be crosslinked. Used in packaging and shrink improve dimensional stability, heat resistance, and mechanical
films, toys, bottle caps, cable insulation, and coatings. Also strength. Mica fillers also reduce vapor permeability and increase
called LDPE. wear resistance. Mica fillers having increased flake size or plati-
ness increase flexural modulus, strength, heat deflection temper-
ature, and moisture resistance. Surface modified grades of mica
are available for specialty applications.

M micron A unit of length equal to IE-06 meter. Its symbol is Greek

small letter mU(fJ) or mum.
macroscopic properties See thermodynamic properties.
microtensile specimen A small specimen as specified in ASTM
mechanical loss Loss in energy, dissipated as heat, that result when D1708 for determining tensile properties of plastics. It has max-
a material is subjected to an oscillatory load or displacement. imum thickness 3.2 mm and minimum length 38.1 mm. Tensile
properties determined with this specimen include yield strength,
mechanical properties Properties describing the reaction of physical tensile strength, tensile strength at break and elongation at break.
systems to stress and strain.
migration A mass-transfer process in which the matter moves from
melamine resins Thermosetting resins prepared by condensation of one place to another usually in a slow and spontaneous fashion.
formaldehyde with melamine. Have good hardness, scratch and In plastics and coatings, migration of pigments, fillers, plasticiz-
fire resistance, clarity, colorability, rigidity, dielectric properties, ers and other ingredients via diffusion or floating to the surface
and tensile strength, but poor impact strength. Molding grades or through interface to other materials results in various defects
are filled. Processed by compression, transfer, and injection called blooming, chalking, bronzing, flooding, bleeding, etc.

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mineral filler Mineral fillers are a large subclass of inorganic fillers N

comprised of ground rocks or natural or refined minerals. Some
fillers, so-called commodity minerals, are relatively inexpensive neoprene rubber Polychloroprene rubbers with good resistance to
and are used mostly as extenders. A good example of these is petroleum products, heat, and ozone, weatherability, and toughness.
ground limestone. Other fillers, so-called specialty minerals, are
usually reinf<wcing fillers. These are inherently small particle nitrile rubber Rubbers prepared by free-radical polymerization of
size fillers, such as talc, and surface chemically modified fillers. acrylonitrile with butadiene. Have good resistance to petroleum
products, heat, and abrasion. Used in fuel hoses, shoe soles,
miscibility Miscibility is the ability of a liquid or gas to dissolve uni- gaskets, oil seals, and adhesives.
formly in another liquid or gas. In polymers, miscibility is the
compatibility of different polymers in a polymer blend. In mis- no-flow point The temperature at which gelation (crosslinking) of a
cible blends, the different polymers behave as a single material, plastic material reaches a degree of no flow in a capillary
in immiscible blends, the different polymers maintain their dis- rheometer.
tinct identities and require additional ingredients to maintain the
integrity of the blend. nonelastomeric thermoplastic polyurethanes See rigid thermo-
plastic polyurethanes.
modified polyphenylene ether Thermoplastic polyphenylene ether
alloys with impact polystyrene. Have good impact strength, nonelastomeric thermosetting polyurethane Curable mixtures of
resistance to heat and fire, but poor resistance to solvents. isocyanate prepolymers or monomers. Have good abrasion
Processed by injection and structural foam molding and extru- resistance and low-temperature stability, but poor heat, fire, and
sion. Used in auto parts, appliances, and telecommunication solvent resistance and weatherability. Processed by reaction
devices. Also called MPE, MPO, modified polyphenylene injection and structural foam molding, casting, potting, encap-
oxide. sulation, and coating. Used in heat insulation, auto panels and
trim, and housings for electronic devices.
modified polyphenylene oxide See modified polyphenylene ether.
notch effect The effect of the presence of specimen notch or its
modulus The ratio of stress to corresponding strain below the elastic geometry on the outcome of a test such as an impact strength test
limit of a material. of plastics. Notching results in local stresses and accelerates
failure in both static and cycling testing (mechanical, ozone
modulus of elasticity The ratio of unit stress to the unit if deforma- cracking, etc.).
tion of an elastic material below the proportional limit.
notched Izod See notched Izod impact energy.
modulus of rupture in bending See flexural strength.
notched Izod impact See notched Izod impact energy.
molding defects Structural and other defects in material caused
inadvertently during molding by using wrong tooling, notched Izod impact energy The energy required to break a notched
process parameters or ingredients. Also called molding flaw. specimen equal to the difference between the energy in the strik-
See also design. etc. Usually preventable. ing member of the Izod-type impact apparatus at the instant of
impact and the energy remaining after complete fracture of the
molding flaw See molding defects. specimen. Note: Energy depends on geometry (e.g., width,
depth, shape) of the notch, on the cross-sectional area of the
molecular weight The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in specimen and on the place of impact (on the side of the notch or
a molecule. Also called MW. on the opposite side). In some tests notch is made on both sides
of the specimen Also called notched Izod impact strength,
molecular weight distribution The relative amounts of polymeric notched lzod impact, notched Izod.
molecules of different weights in a specimen. Note: The molec-
ular weight distribution can be expressed in terms of the ratio notched Izod impact strength See notched Izod impact energy.
between weight- and number-average molecular weights. Also
called polydispersity, MWD, molecular weight ratio. nylon Thermoplastic polyamides often prepared by ring-opening
polymerization of lactam. Have good resistance to most chemi-
molecular weight ratio See molecular weight distribution. cals, abrasion, and creep, good impact and tensile strengths, bar-
rier properties, and low friction, but poor resistance to moisture
MPE See modified polyphenylene ether. and light. Have high mold shrinkage. Processed by injection,
blow, and rotational molding, extrusion, and powder coating.
MPO See modified polyphenylene ether. Used in fibers, auto parts, electrical devices, gears, pumps,
appliance housings, cable jacketing, pipes, and films.
MQ See methylsilicone.
nylon 11 Thermoplastic polymer of Il-aminoundecanoic acid having
MW See molecular weight. good impact strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, process-
ability, and dimensional stability. Processed by powder coating,
MWD See molecular weight distribution. rotational molding, extrusion, and injection molding. Used in
electric insulation, tubing, profiles, bearings, and coatings.

nylon 12 Thermoplastic polymer of lauric lactam having good impact

strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and dimensional stabili-
ty. Processed by powder coating, rotational molding, extrusion,
and injection molding. Used in sporting goods and auto parts.

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nylon 46 Thermoplastic copolymer of 2-pyrrolidone and caprolactam. p

nylon 6 Thermoplastic polymer of caprolactam. Has good weldabil- Pa See pascal.
ity and mechanical properties but rapidly picks up moisture
which results in strength losses. Processed by injection, blow, PABM See polyaminobismaleimide resins.
and rotational molding and extrusion. Used in fibers, tire cord,
and machine parts. paraffinic plasticizer Plasticizers for plastics comprising liquid or solid
long-chain alkanes or paraffins (saturated linear or branched hydro-
nylon 610 Thermoplastic polymer of hexamethylenediamine and carbons).
sebacic acid having decreased melting point and water absorp-
tion and good retention of mechanical properties. Processed by pascal An SI unit of measurement of pressure equal to the pressure
injection molding and extrusion. Used in fibers and machine resulting from a force of one newton acting uniformly over an
parts. area of one square meter. Used to denote the pressure of gases,
vapors or liquids and the strength of solids. Also called Pa.
nylon 612 Thermoplastic polymer of 1,12-dodecanedioic acid and
hexamethylenediamine having good dimensional stability, low PBI See polybenzimidazoles.
moisture absorption, and good retention of mechanical proper-
ties. Processed by injection molding and extrusion. Used in wire PBT See polybutylene terephthalate.
jackets, cable sheath, packaging film, fibers, bushings, and
housings. PC See polycarbonates.

nylon 66 Thermoplastic polymer of adipic acid and hexamethylene- PCT See polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate.
diamine having good tensile strength, elasticity, toughness, heat
resistance, abrasion resistance, and solvent resistance but low PCTG See glycol modified polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephtha-
weatherability and color resistance. Processed by injection late.
molding and extrusion. Used in fibers, bearings, gears, rollers,
and wire jackets. PE copolymer See polyethylene copolymer.

nylon 6/66 Thermoplastic polymer of adipic acid, caprolactam, and PEEK See polyetheretherketone.
hexarnethylenediamine having good strength, toughness, abra-
sion and fatigue resistance, and low friction but high moisture PEl See polyetherimides.
absorption and low dimensional stability. Processed by injec-
tion molding and extrusion. Used in electrical devices and auto PEK See polyetherketone.
and mechanical parts.
perfluoroalkoxy resins Thermoplastic polymers of perfluo-
nylon MXD6 Thermoplastic polymer of m-xylyleneadipamide hav- roalkoxyethylenes having good creep, heat, and chemical resis-
ing good flexural strength and chemical resistance but decreased tance and processibility but low compressive and tensile
tensile strength. strengths. Processed by molding, extrusion, rotational molding,
and powder coating. Used in films, coatings, pipes, containers,
and chemical apparatus linings. Also called PFA.

o PES See polyethersulfone.

PET See polyethylene terephthalate.

olefin resins See polyolefins.
PETG See polycyclohexylenedimethylene ethylene terephthalate.
olefinic resins See polyolefins.
PFA See perfluoroalkoxy resins.
olefinic thermoplastic elastomers Blends of EPDM or EP rubbers
with polypropylene or polyethylene, optionally crosslinked. phase transition See phase transition properties.
Have low density, good dielectric and mechanical properties, and
processibility but low oil resistance and high flammability. phase transition point The temperature at which a phase transition
Processed by extrusion, injection and blow molding, thermo- occurs in a physical system such as material. Note: An example
forming, and calendering. Used in auto parts, construction, wire of phase transition is glass transition. Also called phase transi-
jackets, and sporting goods. Also called TPO. tion temperature, transition point, transition temperature.

opp See oriented polypropylene. phase transition properties Properties of physical systems such as
materials associated with their transition from one phase to
oriented polypropylene A grade of polypropylene film hot stretched another, e.g., from liquid to solid phase. Also called phase tran-
uniaxially or biaxially (usually longitudinally or longitudinally sition.
and transversely, respectively) to orient polymer molecules in
the direction of stretching. Oriented films have enhanced phase transition temperature See phase transition point.
mechanical properties. They will shrink in the direction of
stretching when reheated, e.g., during heat sealing. Also called OPP. phenolic resins Thermoset polymers of phenols with excess or defi-
ciency of aldehydes, mainly formaldehyde, to give resole or
novolak resins, respectively. Heat-cured resins have good
dielectric properties, hardness, thermal stability, rigidity, and

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compressive strength but poor chemical resistance and dark good heat, fire, and chemical resistance. Used as coatings and
color. Processed by coating, potting, compression, transfer, or fibers in aerospace and other high-temperature applications.
injection molding and extrusion. Used in coatings, adhesives, Also called PBI.
potting compounds, handles, electrical devices, and auto parts.
polybutylene terephthalate Thermoplastic polymer of dimethyl
PI See polyimides. terephthalate and butanediol having good tensile strength,
dielectric properties, and chemical and water resistance, but
plasticizer A substance incorporated into a material such as plastic or poor impact strength and heat resistance. Processed by injection
rubber to increase its softness, processability and flexibility via and blow molding, extrusion, and thermoforming. Used in auto
solvent or lubricating action or by lowering its molecular body parts, electrical devices, appliances, and housings. Also
weight. Plasticizers can lower melt viscosity, improve flow and called PBT.
increase low-temperature resilience of material. Most plasticiz-
ers are nonvolatile organic liquids or low-melting-point solids, polycarbodiimide Polymers containing -N=C=N- linkages in the
such as dioctyl phthalate or stearic acid. They have to be non- main chain, typically formed by catalyzed polycondensation of
bleeding, nontoxic and compatible with material. Sometimes polyisocyanates. They are used to prepare open-celled foams
plasticizers playa dual role as stabilizers or crosslinkers. with superior thermal stability. Sterically hindered polycarbodi-
imides are used as hydrolytic stabilizers for polyester-based ure-
plastics See polymers. thane elastomers.

PMMA See polymethyl methacrylate. polycarbonate See polycarbonates.

PMP See polymethylpentene. polycarbonate polyester alloys High-performance thermoplastics

processed by injection and blow molding. Used in auto parts.
polyacrylates See acrylic resins.
polycarbonate resins See polycarbonates.
polyallomer Crystalline thermoplastic block copolymers of ethylene,
propylene, and other olefins. Have good impact strength and polycarbonates Polycarbonates are thermoplastics prepared by
flex life and low density. either phosgenation of dihydric aromatic alcohols such as
bisphenol A or by transesterification of these alcohols with car-
polyamide thermoplastic elastomers Copolymers containing soft bonates, e.g., diphenyl carbonate. Polycarbonates consist of
polyether and hard polyamide blocks having good chemical, chains with repeating carbonyldioxy groups and can be aliphat-
abrasion, and heat resistance, impact strength, and tensile prop- ic or aromatic. They have very good mechanical properties,
erties. Processed by extrusion and injection and blow molding. especially impact strength, low moisture absorption and good
Used in sporting goods, auto parts, and electrical devices. Also thermal and oxidative stability. They are self-extinguishing and
called polyamide TPE. some grades are transparent. Polycarbonates have relatively low
chemical resistance and resistance to stress cracking. Processed
polyamide TPE See polyamide thermoplastic elastomers. by injection and blow molding, extrusion, thermoforming at rel-
atively high processing temperatures. Used in telephone parts,
polyamides Thermoplastic aromatic or aliphatic polymers of dicar- dentures, business machine housings, safety equipment, non-
boxylic acids and diamines, of amino acids, or of lactams. Have staining dinnerware, food packaging, etc. Also called polycar-
good mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and antifric- bonate, PC, polycarbonate resins.
tion properties. Processed by extrusion and molding. Used in
fibers and molded parts. Also called PA. polychlorotritluoroethylene Thermoplastic polymer of chlorotriflu-
oroethylene having good transparency, barrier properties, tensile
polyaminobismaleimide resins Thermoset polymers of aromatic strength, and creep resistance, modest dielectric properties and
diamines and bismaleimides having good flow and thermo- solvent resistance, and poor processibility. Processed by extru-
chemical properties and flame and radiation resistance. sion, injection and compression molding, and coating. Used in
Processed by casting and compression molding. Used in aircraft chemical apparatus, low-temperature seals, films, and internal
parts and electrical devices. Also called PABM. lubricants. Also called CTFE.

polyarylamides Thermoplastic crystalline polymers of aromatic polycyclohexylenedimethylene ethylene terephthalate

diamines and aromatic dicarboxylic anhydrides having good
heat, fire, and chemical resistance, property retention at high Thermoplastic polymer of cyclohexylenedimethylenediol, ethylene
temperatures, dielectric and mechanical properties, and stiffness glycol, and terephthalic acid. Has good clarity, stiffness, hard-
but poor light resistance and processibility. Processed by solu- ness, and low-temperature toughness. Processed by injection
tion casting, molding, and extrusion. Used in films, fibers, and and blow molding and extrusion. Used in containers for cosmet-
molded parts. ics and foods, packaging film, medical devices, machine guards,
and toys. Also called PETG.
polyarylsulfone Thermoplastic aromatic polyether-polysulfone hav-
ing good heat, fire, and chemical resistance, impact strength, polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate Thermoplastic poly-
resistance to environmental stress cracking, dielectric proper- mer of cyclohexylenedimethylenediol and terephthalic acid hav-
ties, and rigidity. Processed by injection and compression mold- ing good heat resistance. Processed by molding and extrusion.
ing and extrusion. Used in circuit boards, lamp housings, piping, Also called PCT.
and auto parts.
polydispersity See molecular weight distribution.
polybenzimidazoles Mainly polymers of 3,3',4,4'-tetraminon-
biphenyl (diaminobenzidine) and diphenyl isophthalate. Have polyester resins See polyesters.

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polyester thermoplastic elastomers Copolymers containing soft polymers are heat curable and have good processability.
polyether and hard polyester blocks having good dielectric Processed by transfer and injection molding, lamination, and
strength, chemical and creep resistance, dynamic performance, coating. Used in jet engines, compressors, sealing coatings, auto
appearance, and retention of properties in a wide temperature parts, and business machines. Also called PI.
range but poor light resistance. Processed by injection, blow, and
rotational molding, extrusion casting, and film blowing. Used in polymer chain unsaturation See chemical unsaturation.
electrical insulation, medical products, auto parts, and business
equipment. Also called polyester TPE. polymers Polymers are high-molecular-weight organic or inorganic
compounds the molecules of which comprise linear, branched,
polyester TPE See polyester thermoplastic elastomers. crosslinked or otherwise shaped chains of repeating molecular
groups. Synthetic polymers are prepared by polymerization of
polyesters A broad class of polymers usually made by condensation one or more monomers. The monomers are low-molecular-weight
of a diol with dicarboxylic acid or anhydride. Polyesters consist substances with one or more reactive bonds or functional groups.
of chains with repeating carbonyloxy group and can be aliphat- Also called resins, plastics.
ic or aromatic. There are thermosetting polyesters, such as
alkyd resins and unsaturated polyesters, and thermoplastic poly- polymethyl methacrylate Thermoplastic polymer of methyl
esters such as PET. The properties, processing methods and methacrylate having good transparency, weatherability, impact
applications of polyesters vary widely. Also called polyester strength, and dielectric properties. Processed by compression
resins. and injection molding, casting, and extrusion. Used in lenses,
sheets, airplane canopies, signs, and lighting fixtures. Also
polyetheretherketone Semi-crystalline thermoplastic aromatic poly- called PMMA.
mer having good chemical, heat, fire, and radiation resistance,
toughness, rigidity, bearing strength, and processibility. polymethylpentene Thermoplastic stereoregular polyolefin obtained
Processed by injection molding, spinning, cold forming, and by polymerizing 4-methyl-J-pentene based on dimerization of
extrusion. Used in fibers, films, auto engine parts, aerospace propylene; having low density, good transparency, rigidity,
composites, and electrical insulation. Also called PEEK. dielectric and tensile properties, and heat and chemical resis-
tance. Processed by injection and blow molding and extrusion.
polyetherimides Thermoplastic cyclized polymers of aromatic Used in laboratory ware, coated paper, light fixtures, auto parts,
diether dianhydrides and aromatic diamine. Have good chemi- and electrical insulation. Also called PMP.
cal, creep, and heat resistance and dielectric properties.
Processed by extrusion, thermoforming, and compression, injec- polyolefin resins See polyolefins.
tion, and blow molding. Used in auto parts, jet engines, surgical
instruments, industrial apparatus, food packaging, cookware, polyolefins Polyolefins are a broad class of hydrocarbon-chain elas-
and computer disks. Also called PEl. tomers or thermoplastics usually prepared by addition (co)poly-
merization of alkenes such as ethylene. There are branched and
polyetherketone Thermoplastic having good heat and chemical linear polyolefins and some are chemically or physically modi-
resistance. Thermal stability. Used in advanced composites, wire fied. Unmodified polyolefins have relatively low thermal sta-
coating, filters, integrated circuit boards, and bearings. Also bility and a nonporous, nonpolar surface with poor adhesive
called PEK. properties. Processed by extrusion, injection molding, blow
molding and rotational molding. Polyolefins are used more and
polyethersulfone Thermoplastic aromatic polymer having good heat have more applications than any other polymers. Also called
and fire resistance, transparency, dielectric properties, dimen- olefinic resins, olefin resins, polyolefin resins.
sional stability, rigidity, and toughness, but poor solvent and
stress cracking resistance, processibility, and weatherability. polyphenylene ether nylon alloys Thermoplastics having improved
Processed by injection, blow, and compression molding and heat and chemical resistance and toughness. Processed by
extrusion. Used in high temperature applications electrical molding and extrusion. Used in auto body parts.
devices, medical devices, housings, and aircraft and auto parts.
Also called PES. polyphenylene sulfide High-performance engineering thermoplastic
having good chemical, water, fire, and radiation resistance,
polyethylene copolymer Thermoplastics polymers of ethylene with dimensional stability, and dielectric properties, but decreased
other olefins such as propylene. Processed by molding and impact strength and poor processibility. Processed by injection,
extrusion. Also called PE copolymer. compression, and transfer molding and extrusion. Used in
hydraulic components, bearings, electronic parts, appliances,
polyethylene terephthalate Thermoplastic polymer of ethylene gly- and auto parts. Also called PPS.
col with terephthalic acid. Has good hardness, wear and chemi-
cal resistance, dimensional stability, and dielectric properties. polyphenylene sulfide sulfone Thermoplastic having good heat, fire,
High-crystallinity grades have good tensile strength and heat creep, and chemical resistance and dielectric properties.
resistance. Processed by extrusion and injection and blow mold- Processed by injection molding. Used in electrical devices. Also
ing. Used in fibers, food packaging (films, bottles, trays), mag- called PPSS.
netic tapes, and photo films. Also called PET.
polyphthalamide Thermoplastic polymer of aromatic diamine and
polyimides Thermoplastic aromatic cyclized polymers of trimellitic phthalic anhydride. Has good heat, chemical, and fire resistance,
anhydride and aromatic diamine. Have good tensile strength, impact strength, retention of properties at high temperatures,
dimensional stability, dielectric and barrier properties, and dielectric properties, and stiffness, but decreased light resistance
creep, impact, heat, and fire resistance, but poor processibility. and poor processibility. Processed by solution casting, molding,
Processed by compression and injection molding, powder sin- and extrusion. Used in films, fibers, and molded parts. Also
tering, film casting, and solution coating. Thermoset uncyclized called PPA.

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polypropylene Thermoplastic polymer of propylene having low den- PUR, PU, urethane polymers, urethane resins, urethanes,
sity and good flexibility and resistance to chemicals, abrasion, polyurethane resins.
moisture, and stress cracking, but decreased dimensional stabil-
ity, mechanical strength, and light, fire, and heat resistance. polyvinyl chloride Thermoplastic polymer of vinyl chloride, avail-
Processed by injection molding, spinning, and extrusion. Used in able in rigid and flexible forms. Has good dimensional stability,
fibers and films for adhesive tapes and packaging. Also called PP. fire resistance, and weatherability, but decreased heat and sol-
vent resistance and high density. Processed by injection and
polypyrrole A polymer of pyrrole, a five-membered heterocyclic blow molding, calendering, extrusion, and powder coating.
substance with one nitrogen and four carbon atoms and with two Used in films, fabric coatings, wire insulation, toys, bottles, and
double bonds. The polymer can be prepared via electrochemical pipes. Also called PVc.
polymerization. Polymers thus prepared are doped by electrolyte
anion and are electrically conductive. Polypyrrole is used in polyvinyl fluoride Crystalline thermoplastic polymer of vinyl fluo-
lightweight secondary batteries, as electromagnetic interference ride having good toughness, flexibility, weatherability, and low-
shielding, anodic coatings, photoconductors, solar cells, and temperature and abrasion resistance. Processed by film tech-
transistors. niques. Used in packaging, glazing, and electrical devices. Also
called PVE
polystyrene Polystyrenes are thermoplastics produced by polymer-
ization of styrene with or without modification (e.g., by copoly- polyvinylidene chloride Stereoregular thermoplastic polymer of
merization or blending) to make impact resistant or expandable vinylidene chloride having good abrasion and chemical resis-
grades. They have good rigidity, high dimensional stability, low tance and barrier properties. Vinylidene chloride (VOC) content
moisture absorption, optical clarity, high gloss and good dielec- always exceeds 50%. Processed by molding and extrusion.
tric properties. Unmodified polystyrenes have poor impact Used in food packaging films, bag liners, pipes, upholstery,
strength and resistance to solvents, heat and UV radiation. fibers, and coatings. Also called PVOc.
Processed by injection molding, extrusion, compression mold-
ing, and foam molding. Used widely in medical devices, house- polyvinylidene fluoride Thermoplastic polymer of vinylidene fluo-
wares, food packaging, electronics and foam insulation. Also ride having good strength, processibility, wear, fire, solvent, and
called polystyrenes, PS, polystyrol. creep resistance, and weatherability, but decreased dielectric
properties and heat resistance. Processed by extrusion, injection
polystyrenes See polystyrene. and transfer molding, and powder coating. Used in electrical
insulation, pipes, chemical apparatus, coatings, films, contain-
polystyrol See polystyrene. ers, and fibers. Also called PVOE

polysulfones Thermoplastics, often aromatic and with ether linkages, PP See polypropylene.
having good heat, fire, and creep resistance, dielectric proper-
ties, transparency, but poor weatherability, processibility, and PPA See polyphthalamide.
stress cracking resistance. Processed by injection, compression,
and blow molding and extrusion. Used in appliances, electronic PPS See polyphenylene sulfide.
devices, auto parts, and electric insulators. Also called PSG.
PPSS See polyphenylene sulfide sulfone.
polytetrafluoroethylene Thermoplastic polymer of tetrafluoroethyl-
ene having good dielectric properties, chemical, heat, abrasion, pressure Stress exerted equally in all directions., processing pressure
and fire resistance, antiadhesive properties, impact strength, and
weatherability, but decreased strength, processibility, barrier process characteristics See processing parameters.
properties, and creep resistance. Processed by sinter molding
and powder coating. Used in nonstick coatings, chemical appa- process conditions See processing parameters.
ratus, electrical devices, bearings, and containers. Also called
PTFE. process media See processing agents.

polyurethane resins See polyurethanes. process parameters See processing parameters.

polyurethanes Polyurethanes (PUs) are a broad class of polymers con- process pressure See processing pressure.
sisting of chains with a repeating urethane group, prepared by con-
densation of polyisocyanates with polyols, e.g., polyester or poly- process rate See processing rate.
ether diols. PUs may be thermoplastic or thermosetting, elas-
tomeric or rigid, cellular or solid, and offer a wide range of prop- process speed See processing rate.
erties depending on composition and molecular structure. Many
PUs have high abrasion resistance, good retention of properties at process time See processing time.
low temperatures and good foamability. Some have poor heat
resistance, weatherability and resistance to solvents. PUs are flam- process velocity See processing rate.
mable and can release toxic substances. Thermoplastic PUs are
not crosslinked and are processed by injection molding and extru- processing additives See processing agents.
sion. Thermosetting PUs can be cured at relatively low tempera-
tures and give foams with good heat insulating properties. They are processing agents Agents or media used in the manufacture, prepa-
processed by reaction injection molding, rigid and flexible foam ration and treatment of a material or article to improve its pro-
methods, casting and coating. PUs are used in load bearing rollers cessing or properties. The agents often become a part of the
and wheels, acoustic clamping materials, sporting goods, seals and material. Also called process media, processing aids, processing
gaskets, heat insulation, potting and encapsulation. Also called additives.

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processing aids See processing agents. R

processing defects Structural and other defects in material or article relative humidity The ratio of the actual vapor pressure of the air to
caused inadvertently during manufacturing, preparation and the saturation vapor pressure. Also called RH.
treatment processes by using wrong tooling, process parameters,
ingredients, part design, etc. Usually preventable. Also called resins See polymers.
processing flaw, defects, flaw. See also cracking.
resorcinol modified phenolic resins Thermosetting polymers of phe-
processing flaw See processing defects. nol, formaldehyde, and resorcinol having good heat and creep
resistance and dimensional stability.
processing methods Method names and designations for material or
article manufacturing, preparation and treatment processes. RH See relative humidity.
Note: Both common and standardized names are used. Also
called processing procedures. rigid thermoplastic polyurethanes Rigid thermoplastic
polyurethanes are not chemically crosslinked. They have high
processing parameters Measurable parameters such as temperature abrasion resistance, good retention of properties at low temper-
prescribed or maintained during material or article manufacture, atures, but poor heat resistance, weatherability and resistance to
preparation and treatment processes. Also called process charac- solvents. Rigid thermoplastic polyurethanes are flammable and
teristics, process conditions, process parameters. can release toxic substances. Processed by injection molding
and extrusion. Also called rigid thermoplastic urethanes,
processing pressure Pressure maintained in an apparatus during nonelastomeric thermoplastic polyurethanes.
material or article manufacture, preparation and treatment
processes. Also called process pressure. See also pressure. rigid thermoplastic urethanes See rigid thermoplastic
polyurethanes.
processing procedures See processing methods.
Rockwell A See Rockwell hardness.
processing rate Speed of the process in manufacture, preparation and
treatment of a material or article. It usually denotes the change Rockwell E See Rockwell hardness.
in a process parameter per unit of time or the throughput speed
of material in a unit of weight, volume, etc. per unit of time. Rockwell hardness A number derived from the net increase in the
Also called process speed, process velocity, process rate. depth of impression as the load on an indenter is increased from
a fixed minor load (10 kgf) to a major load and then returned to
processing time Time required for the completion of a process in the the minor load. This number consists of the number of scale
manufacture, preparation and treatment of a material or article. divisions (each corresponding to 0.002 mm vertical movement
Also called process time, cycle time. See also time. of the indentor) and scale symbol. Rockwell scales, designated
by a single capital letter of English alphabet, vary depending on
propylene An alkene (unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon) with three the diameter of the indentor and the major load. For example,
carbon atoms, CH 2=CHCH 3. A colorless, highly flammable gas. scale A indicates the use of a diamond indentor and major load
Autoignition temperature 497°C. Derived by thermal cracking of 60 kgf, E - 118" ball indentor and 100 kgf, K - same ball and 150
ethylene or from naphtha. Used as monomer in polymer and kgf, M - 1/4" ball and 100 kgf, R - 112" ball and 60 kgf. The
organic synthesis. Also called propene. hardness increases in the order of R, M, K, E, and A scales. Also
called Rockwell A, Rockwell E, Rockwell K, Rockwell M,
PS See polystyrene. Rockwell R.

PSO See polysulfones. Rockwell K See Rockwell hardness.

PTFE See polytetrafluoroethylene. Rockwell M See Rockwell hardness.

PU See polyurethanes. Rockwell R See Rockwell hardness.

PUR See polyurethanes.

PVC See polyvinyl chloride.

PVDC See polyvinylidene chloride.

s
SAN See styrene acrylonitrile copolymer.
PVDF See polyvinylidene fluoride.
SAN copolymer See styrene acrylonitrile copolymer.
PVF See polyvinyl fluoride.
SAN resin See styrene acrylonitrile copolymer.
PVT relationship Pressure-(P) volume-(V) temperature-(T) relation-
ship of Boyle's law stating that the product of the volume of a semi-crystaIline polymers Polymers in which a portion of the struc-
gas times its pressure is a constant at a given temperature, ture is organized into crystals. These materials have useful load-
PVfT=R, where R is Boltzmann constant. bearing properties above the glass transition temperature and
exhibit a well-defined melting point. Examples are polyethyl-
ene, nylon 6/6, and acetal.

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service life The period of time required for the specified properties of storage modulus is related to that portion of the polymer struc-
the material to deteriorate under normal use conditions to the ture that fully recovers when an applied stress is removed. Note:
minimum allowable level with material retaining its overall Storage modulus versus temperature curves are commonly
usability. reported in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests.

shelf life Time during which a physical system, such as a material, strain The per unit change, due to force, in the size or shape of a body
retains its storage stability under specified conditions. Also referred to its original size or shape. Note: Strain is nondimen-
called storage life. sional but is often expressed in unit of length per unit of length
or percent.
Shore A See Shore hardness.
stress The intensity at a point in a body of the forces or components
Shore D See Shore hardness. of force that act on a given plane through the point. The ratio of
an applied load to the original cross sectional area of a sample.
Shore hardness Indentation hardness of a material as determined by Note: Stress is expressed in terms of a force per unit area such
the depth of an indentation made with an indentor of the Shore- as pounds per square inch (psi) or newtons per square meter.
type durometer. The scale reading on this durometer is from 0,
corresponding to 0.100" depth, to 100 for zero depth. The Shore stress cracking Appearance of external and/or internal cracks in the
A indenter has a sharp point, is spring-loaded to 822 gf, and is material as a result of stress that is lower than its short-term
used for softer plastics. The Shore B indenter has a blunt point, is strength.
spring-loaded to 10 Ibf, and is used for harder plastics. Also
called Shore D, Shore A, durometer A hardness. stress pattern Distribution of applied or residual stress in a speci-
men, usuaIly throughout its bulk. Applied stress is a stress
silicone There are rigid thermoplastic and liquid silicones and sili- induced by an outside force, e.g., by loading. Residual stress or
cone rubbers consisting of alternating silicone and oxygen atom stress memory may be a result of processing or exposure. The
chains with organic pendant groups, prepared by hydrolytic stress pattern can be made visible in transparent materials by
polymcondensation of chlorosilanes, followed by crosslinking. polarized light.
Silicone rubbers have good adhesion, flexibility, dielectric prop-
erties, weatherability, barrier properties, and heat and fire resis- stress relaxation Time-dependent decrease in stress in a solid mate-
tance, but decreased strength. Rigid silicones have good flexibili- rial under a constant strain as a result of changes in internal or
ty, weatherability, soil repelling properties, dimensional stability, external conditions.
but poor solvent resistance. Processed by coating, casting, and
injection compression, and transfer molding. Used in coatings, styrene acrylonitrile copolymer SAN resins are thermoplastic
electronic devises, diaphragms, medical products, adhesives, and copolymers of about 70% styrene and 30% acrylonitrile with
sealants. Also called siloxane. higher strength, rigidity and chemical resistance than poly-
styrene. Characterized by transparency, high heat deflection
siloxane See silicone. properties, exceIlent gloss, hardness and dimensional stability.
Have low continuous service temperature and impact strength.
SMA See styrene maleic anhydride copolymer. Processed by injection molding, extrusion, injection-blow mold-
ing and compression molding. Used in appliances, housewares,
SMA PTB aIloy See styrene maleic anhydride copolymer PST alloy. instrument lenses for automobiles, medical devices, and elec-
tronics. Also called styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, SAN, SAN
softening point Temperature at which the material changes from resin, SAN copolymer.
rigid to soft or exhibits a sudden and substantial decrease in
hardness. Also called softening temperature, softening range. styrene butadiene block copolymer Thermoplastic amorphous
block polymer of butadiene and styrene having good impact
softening range See softening point. strength, rigidity, gloss, compatibility with other styrenic resins,
water resistance, and processibility. Used in food and display
softening temperature See softening point. containers, toys, and shrink wrap.

solubility A capacity of one substance to be fully dissolved in another styrene butadiene copolymer Thermoplastic polymers of butadiene
without any phase separation, e.g., precipitation. Usually and >50% styrene having good transparency, toughness, and
expressed as a percentage of dissolved substance. processibility. Processed by extrusion, injection and blow mold-
ing, and thermoforming. Used in film wraps, disposable pack-
solubility coefficient The volume of a gas that can be dissolved by a aging, medical devices, toys, display racks, and office supplies.
unit volume of solvent at a fixed pressure and temperature.
styrene maleic anhydride copolymer Thermoplastic copolymer of
stability The ability of a physical system, such as a material, to resist styrene with maleic anhydride having good thermal stability and
a change or degradation under exposure to outside forces, includ- adhesion, but decreased chemical and light resistance. Processed
ing mechanical force, heat and weather. See also degradation. by injection and foam molding and extrusion. Used in auto parts,
appliances, door panels, pumps, and business machines. Also
static coefficient of friction The ratio of the force that is required to caIled SMA.
start the friction motion of one surface against another to the
force, usually gravitational, acting perpendicular to the two sur- styrene maleic anhydride copolymer PBT aIloy Thermoplastic
faces in contact. Also called coefficient of friction, static. alloy of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer and polybutylene
terephthalate having improved dimensional stability and tensile
storage modulus In a dynamic experiment, that portion of the stress- strength. Processed by injection molding. Also called SMA PTB
strain response which is in phase with the applied stress. The alloy.

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styrene plastics See styrenic resins. tensile impact energy Kinetic energy dissipated on break of a spec-
imen in a tensile impact test. In the test, one end of the specimen
styrene polymers See styrenic resins. is attached to a swinging pendulum while another is gripped in
a crosshead that travels with pendulum. The specimen is rup-
styrene resins See styrenic resins. tured by tensile stress as the crosshead strikes an anvil and is
arrested.
styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer See styrene acrylonitrile copolymer.
tensile properties Properties describing the reaction of physical sys-
styrenic resins Styrenic resins are thermoplastics prepared by free- tems to tensile stress and strain. See also tensile property tests.
radical polymerization of styrene alone or with other unsaturat-
ed monomers. The properties of styrenic resins vary widely with tensile property tests Names and designations of the methods for ten-
molecular structure, attaining the high performance level of sile testing of materials. Also called tensile tests. See also tensile
engineering plastics. Processed by blow and injection molding, properties.
extrusion, thermoforming, film techniques and structural foam
molding. Used heavily for the manufacture of automotive parts, tensile strain The relative length deformation exhibited by a speci-
household goods, packaging, films, tools, containers and pipes. men in tension. See also elongation.
Also called styrene resins, styrene polymers, styrene plastics.
tensile strength The maximum tensile stress that a specimen can sus-
styrenic thermoplastic elastomers Linear or branched copolymers tain in a test carried to failure. Note: The maximum stress can be
containing polystyrene end blocks and elastomer (e.g., isoprene measured at or after the failure or reached before the fracture,
rubber) middle blocks. Have a wide range of hardnesses, tensile depending on the viscoelastic behavior of the material. Also called
strength, and elongation, and good low-temperature flexibility, tensile ultimate strength, ultimate tensile strength, UTS, tensile
dielectric properties, and hydrolytic stability. Processed by strength at break, ultimate tensile stress. See also ASTM D638.
injection and blow molding and extrusion. Used in coatings,
sealants, impact modifiers, shoe soles, medical devices, tubing, tensile strength at break The maximum load per original minimum
electrical insulation, and auto parts. Also called TES. cross-sectional area of the plastic specimen in tension within the
gage length when the maximum load corresponds to the break
syndiotactic A polymer molecule in which pendant groups and atoms point. Note: For plastics- when the maximum load corresponds
attached to the main chain are arranged in a symmetrical and to the yield point, this property is called tensile strength at yield.
recurring fashion relative to it in a single plane. See also tensile strength.

tensile stress The stress is perpendicular and directed to the opposite

plane on which the forces act.

T tensile strength at yield The maximum load per original minimum

cross-sectional area of the plastic specimen in tension within the
talc Talc is a filler made by dry or wet grinding of mineral magne- gage length, when the maximum load corresponds to the yield
sium silicate. Talc improves stiffness, dimensional stability, point. Note: When maximum load corresponds to the break
flexural modulus, creep resistance, flow, surface smoothness, point, this property is called tensile strength at break.
moisture resistance, tensile strength, and wear resistance of plas-
tics. It also increases heat deflection temperature and decreases tensile tests See tensile property tests.
vapor permeability. Can be used as a film antiblock agent. Used
mainly in polypropylene but also in thermoplastic and unsaturat- tensile ultimate strength The maximum tensile stress subjected to
ed polyesters and epoxy resins at low levels. Surface-modified the test specimen during the tensile test. The value can be iden-
grades are available. tical with the tensile stress at break.

tan delta Mathematically expressed as the loss modulus divided by tensile yield point The first engineering stress in a tensile test, in
the storage modulus, the tangent of the phase angle between an which stresses and strains are determined for a material that
applied stress and the strain response in a dynamic experiment. exhibits the phenomenon of discontinuous yielding, at which an
Note: Tan delta versus temperature curves are commonly report- increase in strain occurs without an increase in stress. For mate-
ed in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. rials that do not exhibit a yield point, yield strength serves the
same purpose as yield point.
temperature Property which determines the direction of heat flow
between objects. Note: The heat flows from the object with tensile yield strength The engineering stress determined at the inter-
higher temperature to that with lower. section of the tensile stress-strain curve with a line drawn in the
diagram with a slope equal to the modulus of elasticity, and off-
tensile elongation The increase in distance between 2 gage marks that set by the specified strain. The percent offset (0.2% is the most
result from stressing the specimen in tension to fracture. Usually common in USA) must be stated for values to be meaningful.
elongation is expressed as a percentage of the original gage
length. Note: Elongation is affected by specimen geometry terephthalate polyester Thermoset unsaturated polymer of terephthal-
(length, width, thickness of gage section and adjacent regions) ic anhydride.
and test procedure, such as alignment and speed of pulling. See
also elongation. TES See styrenic thermoplastic elastomers.

tensile heat distortion temperature See heat deflection temperature. test methods Names and designations of material test methods. Also
called testing methods

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test variables Terms related to the testing of materials such as test time. To attain this elastic property the rubbers must be
method names. crosslinked or vulcanized, usually by heating in the presence of
various crosslinking agents and catalysts. There are natural and
testing methods See test methods. synthetic rubbers. The most important synthetic rubber families
are olefinic rubbers, dienic rubbers (nitrile, butadiene, neo-
tetranuoroethylene propylene copolymer Thermosetting elas- prene), silicone rubbers, and urethane rubbers. Used often as
tomeric polymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene having impact modifiers/fillers in plastics.
good chemical and heat resistance and flexibility. Used in auto
parts. toughness Property of a material indicating its ability to absorb ener-
gy by plastic deformation rather than crack or fracture.
thermal expansion Expanding of physical matter (solid body, liquid,
gas) as a result of heating. TPO See olefinic thermoplastic elastomers.

thermal expansion coefficient The change in volume per unit volume TPU See thermoplastic polyurethanes.
resulting from a change in temperature of the material. The mean
coefficient of thermal expansion is commonly referenced to room TPUR See thermoplastic polyurethanes.
temperature.
transition A structural relaxation in a material brought on by the onset
thermal properties Properties related to the effects of heat on phys- of molecular motion. It is accompanied by a sudden decline in the
ical systems such as materials and heat transport. The effects of elastic properties of the material and a momentary increase in the
heat include the effects on structure, geometry, performance, loss properties. The most important of these transitions is the glass
aging, stress-strain behavior, etc. transition.

thermal stability The resistance of a physical system, such as a mate- transition point See phase transition point.
rial, to decomposition, deterioration of properties or any type of
degradation in storage under specified conditions. transition temperature See phase transition point.

thermodynamic properties A quantity that is either an attribute of

the entire system or is a function of position, which is continu-
ous and does not vary rapidly over microscopic distances,
except possibi lity for abrupt changes at boundaries between
phases of the system. Also called macroscopic properties.
u
UHMWPE See ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene.
thermoplastic Thermoplastics are resin or plastic compounds which,
after final processing, are capable of being repeatedly softened ultimate elongation See elongation.
by heating and hardened by cooling by means of physical
changes. There is a large number of thermoplastic polymers ultimate tensile strength See tensile strength.
belonging to various classes such as polyolefins and
polyamides. ultimate tensile stress See tensile strength.

thermoplastic polyesters A class of polyesters that can be repeated- ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene Thermoplastic linear
ly made soft and pliable on heating and hard (flexible or rigid) polymer of ethylene with molecular weight in the millions. Has
on subsequent cooling. good wear and chemical resistance, toughness, and anti friction
properties, but poor processibility. Processed by compression
thermoplastic polyurethanes A class of polyurethanes including molding and ram extrusion. Used in bearings, gears, and sliding
rigid and elastomeric polymers that can be repeatedly made soft surfaces. Also called UHMWPE.
and pliable on heating and hard (flexible or rigid) on subsequent
cooling. Also called thermoplastic urethanes, TPUR, TPU. units See units o/measurement.

thermoplastic urethanes See thermoplastic polyurethanes. units of measurement Systematic and non-systematic units for
measuring physical quantities, including metric and US
thermoset Thermosets are resin and plastic compounds which, after pound-inch systems. Also called units.
final processing, are substantially infusible and insoluble.
During processing, thermosets undergo a chemical reaction that urea resins Thermosetting polymers of formaldehyde and urea hav-
results in the formation of a three dimensional covalent bond. ing good clarity, colorability, scratch, fire, and solvent resis-
Thermosets are often liquids at some stage in their manufacture tance, rigidity, dielectric properties, and tensile strength, but
or processing and are cured by heat, oxidation, radiation, or decreased impact strength and chemical, heat, and moisture
other means often in the presence of curing agents and catalysts. resistance. Must be filled for molding. Processed by compres-
Curing proceeds via polymerization and/or cross- linking. Cured sion and injection molding, impregnation, and coating. Used in
thermosets cannot be resoftened by heat. There is a large num- cosmetic containers, housings, tableware, electrical insulators,
ber of thermosetting polymers belonging to various classes such countertop laminates, adhesives, and coatings.
as alkyd, epoxy and phenolic resins.
urethane polymers See polyurethanes.
thermosetting elastomer A large class of polymers that can be
stretched at room temperature to at least twice their original urethane resins See polyurethanes.
length and, after having been stretched and the stress removed,
return with force to approximately their original length in a short

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urethane thermoplastic elastomers Block polyether or polyester viscosity The internal resistance to flow exhibited by a fluid, the ratio
polyurethanes containing soft and hard segments. Have good of shearing stress to rate of shear. A viscosity of one poise is
tensile strength, elongation, adhesion, and a broad hardness and equal to a force of one dyne/square centimeter that causes two
service temperature ranges, but decreased moisture resistance parallel liquid surfaces one square centimeter in area and one
and processibility. Processed by extrusion, injection molding, centimeter apart to move past one another at a velocity of one
film blowing, and coating. Used in tubing, packaging film, crn/second.
adhesi ves, medical devices, conveyor belts, auto parts, and cable
jackets. Also called TPU. vulcanizate Rubber that had been irreversibly transformed from pre-
dominantly plastic to predominantly elastic material by vulcan-
urethanes See polyurethanes. ization (chemical curing or crosslinking) using heat, vulcaniza-
tion agents, accelerants, etc.
UTS See tensile strength.
vulcanizate crosslinks Chemical bonds formed between polymeric
chains in rubber as a result of vulcanization.

v
Vicat softening point The temperature at which a flat-ended needle
of prescribed geometry (typically with a cross sectional area of
w
I square millimeter) will penetrate a thermoplastic specimen to warpage See warping.
a certain depth (usually I mm) under a specified load using a
uniform rate of temperature rise. Note: Vicat softening point is warping Dimensional distortion or deviation from the intended shape
determined according to ASTM 01525 test for thermoplastics of a plastic or rubber article as a result of nonuniform internal
such as polyethylene which have no definite melting point. Also stress, e.g., caused by uneven heat shrinkage. Also called
called Vicat softening temperature. warpage.

Vicat softening temperature See Vicat softening point. water swell Expansion of material volume as a result of water absorption.

vinyl ester resins Thermosetting acrylated epoxy resins containing

styrene reactive diluent. Cured by catalyzed polymerization of
vinyl groups and crosslinking of hydroxy groups at room or ele-
vated temperatures. Have good chemical, solvent, and heat resis-
tance, toughness, and flexibility, but shrink during cure.
Processed by filament winding, transfer molding, pultrusion,
coating, and lamination. Used in structural composites, coatings,
sheet molding compounds, and chemical apparatus.

vinyl resins Thermoplastics polymers of vinyl compounds such as

vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate. Have good weatherability, barri-
er properties, and flexibility, but decreased solvent and heat
resistance. Processed by molding, extrusion, and coating. Used
in films and packaging.

vinyl thermoplastic elastomers Vinyl resin alloys having good fire

and aging resistance, flexibility, dielectric properties, and tough-
ness. Processed by extrusion. Used in cable jackets and wire
insulation.

vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer

Thermoplastic polymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoro-
propylene having good antistick, dielectric, and anti friction
properties and chemical and heat resistance, but decreased
mechanical strength and creep resistance and poor processibili-
ty. Processed by molding, extrusion, and coating. Used in chem-
ical apparatus, containers, films, and coatings.

vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene tetrafluoroethylene ter-

polymer Thermosetting elastomeric polymer of vinylidene flu-
oride, hexafluoropropylene, and tetrafluoroethylene having good
chemical and heat resistance and flexibility. Used in auto parts.

viscoelasticity The dual response of a material under an applied load

where part of the material returns to its original shape when the
load is removed while the other part undergoes permanent defor-
mation.

© Plastic Design Library Glossary of Terms