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Ohm's Law: Measure Wire Resistance

This document describes an experiment to determine the resistance per cm of a wire by plotting a graph of potential difference (V) versus current (I). The experiment involves arranging a circuit with a resistance wire, voltmeter, ammeter, battery and rheostat. Readings of current and potential difference are recorded for different positions of the rheostat and used to calculate resistance (R) from Ohm's Law. The resistance per cm is calculated from the resistance and length of the wire. Precautions are outlined to ensure accurate measurements and minimize experimental errors.

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kirti
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524 views2 pages

Ohm's Law: Measure Wire Resistance

This document describes an experiment to determine the resistance per cm of a wire by plotting a graph of potential difference (V) versus current (I). The experiment involves arranging a circuit with a resistance wire, voltmeter, ammeter, battery and rheostat. Readings of current and potential difference are recorded for different positions of the rheostat and used to calculate resistance (R) from Ohm's Law. The resistance per cm is calculated from the resistance and length of the wire. Precautions are outlined to ensure accurate measurements and minimize experimental errors.

Uploaded by

kirti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ohm’s Law

Aim: To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph for potential difference
versus current.

Apparatus Required:A resistance wire, a Voltmeter (0-3) V and an ammeter (0-3) A of appropriate range,
a battery (battery eliminator, a rheostat, a meter scale, one-way key, connecting wires and a piece of sand
paper.

Theory:

At constant temperature, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference across its ends provided the physical conditions like temperature and dimensions of the
conductor remains the same.

Potential Difference (V) α Current (I)

or

V=IR [R- Resistance of the conductor]

R depends on the nature of the material, temperature and dimensions of the conductor.

In S.I Units, the potential difference (V) is measure in volt, Current (I) in terms of ampere, the resistance
in terms of ohm.

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:

1) Arrange the apparatus as shown in the circuit diagram.


2) Clean the ends of connecting wires with sandpaper and remove insulations if any.
3) Connect the +ve end of the voltmeter to the positive of the positive terminal of the battery and
negative to the negative terminal of the battery.
4) Determine the least count of voltmeter and ammeter, also note the zero error, if any.
5) Insert the key K , slide the rheostat contact and see the ammeter and voltmeter are working
properly.
6) Adjust the sliding contact of the rheostat such that measurable current flows through the resistance
coil or the resistance wire.
7) Shift the rheostat contact slightly so that both ammeter and voltmeter show the division readings
and not in fraction.
8) Record the readings of voltmeter and ammeter.
9) Take at least five independent observations.
10) Cut the resistance wire at the ends and stretch it to measure the length by the metre scale.
11) Record your observations.

Observations:
1. Length
Length of the resistance wire l = _____ cm

2. Range
Range of the given ammeter = ______A
Range of the given voltmeter = ______V

3. Least Count
Least count of ammeter = ____A
Least count of voltmeter =____V

4. Zero error
Zero error in ammeter, e1= ____A
Zero error in voltmeter, e2= ____V

5. Zero correction
Zero correction of ammeter = ____A
Zero correction of voltmeter = ____V

Table for ammeter and voltmeter readings

Voltmeter Reading (V) Ammeter reading (I)


S. No R=V/I ohm
volt (A)

Result:

(i) Resistance per cm of the wire is ________ Ωcm-1


(ii) The graph between V and I is a straight line.

Precautions:

1. Connections should be neat, clean and tight.


2. Thick copper wires should be used for connections after removing insulations near their
ends.
3. Voltmeter and ammeter should be of proper range.
4. A low resistance rheostat should be used.
5. The key should be inserted only while taking observations to avoid heating of resistance
(Otherwise the resistance will increase)
Sources of error
1. The instrument screws may be loose.
2. Thick connecting wires may not be available.
3. Rheostat may have high resistance.

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