Unit 3 Travel broadens the mind

Lead in
1a. How is the title related to the pictures? In which continent is each place in the pictures?
What do you know about these places? Have you ever visited them? Which would you like to
visit? Why?
b. Which of the following do you think you can do in each place? You can add your own ideas.
visit galleries/museums/ancient castles/historical sites,
see animals in their natural environment,
go scuba-diving/snorkeiling/hiking/kayaking/ white-water rafting
walk along white sandy beaches
try delicious local cuisine
see spectacular falls
take leisurely strolls
buy handmade souvenirs
see people in traditional dress
admire interesting architecture
In Russia you can visit galleries, museums, ancient castles and historical sites. You can also...
2a. Listen and match the people to the type of holiday. Which of the places in the pictures is
each person going to?
Carl adventure holiday
Sonya cultural holiday
Rick package holiday
Moira island holiday
b.Listen again and write down what each person is going to do, then make up sentences, as in
the example.
Carl is going on a cultural tour of Russia. He is going to visit the Hermitage Museum.
c.Where do you like spending your holidays: by the sea? on an island? Why? Which country
would you most like to visit? Why?
Tip
Read the questions carefully and underline the key words. Scan the texts for the information you
need. As you are reading, underline parts of the texts which are related to the questions. When
you finish reading, go back to the questions and try to answer them one by one referring to the
texts. Keep in mind that some information may be rephrased.
Reading
3a. Look at the subheadings of the article. In which country are these places situated? What
information do you expect to read?
b. Ask questions about the hotels, using the key words: situated? shops? countryside? sea?
modern? room service? activities? facilities?
c.Read the article and answer the questions 1-13. Write A, B, C or D.
Which place(s)
• is not a hotel? 0 – D
are perfect for a luxury break? 1 - …2-…
offers the chance to visit a famous person's home? 3-…
is situated on a hill? 4…
are not far from shops? 5….6…
offers the chance to eat outdoors? 7…
is suitable for fitness fanatics? 8…
is near the sea? 9…
is not in the countryside? 10…
was built more than 100 years ago? 11…12….13…

d.Read the article again and explain the words in bold. Then, give a synonym for the highlighted
words. Can you find any words in the text similar to your language?
e.Which place would you like to stay at? Why?

Getting away from it all

A.Radisson SAS Portman Hotel, London
For those who enjoy the finer things in life, a break at the Radisson SAS Portman Hotel will be
right up your street. This deluxe four-star hotel is just a minute’s walk away from Marble Arch
and a stone’s throw from the stylish boutiques of Oxford Street. After spending a day shopping
and sightseeing in London’s trendiest area, you can relax in your room, watch cable TV and enjoy
something from the extensive room service menu. At this hotel, you will also be in the ideal
place to visit the many sights of London such as Buckingham Palace and the Houses of
Parliament. You must also be sure to allow yourself the time to enjoy the leisure facilities of the
hotel itself. The hotel has a fully equipped gym and two fantastic restaurants where you can
sample gourmet cuisine.
B. Langley Castle Hotel, Northumberland
For a touch of medieval magic why not take the time to visit Langley Castle Hotel. Set in its own
ten-acre woodland this fabulous castle hotel dates back to 1350. All guest rooms have got
private facilities and are luxurious. Some have special features such as four-poster beds, stained
glass windows and window seats. The hotel is the perfect base from which to explore Hadrian’s
Wall and the Northumberland countryside, as well as the Scottish Borders and the Lake District.
At night, relax in the hotel lounge in front of the roaring log fire or dine in style in the award-
winning restaurant. During your stay, you can go hot-air ballooning or try your hand at archery.
You can even have a picnic especially prepared for you by the hotel’s chefs. However you choose
to spend your time, you will never forget your stay.
C. The Metropole Hotel, Cornwall
This Victorian Hotel, situated in one of the most scenic areas of the British Isles, stands on a
hilltop with an amazing view out over Padstow Harbour. Walk along the waterfront or one of the
area’s many unspoiled beaches. Try some fabulous seafood - the local speciality. Wander
through Padstow’s narrow streets and buy some handmade souvenirs from one of the many
colourful shops. This is an area with a fascinating history. Take a short trip to Tintagel where you
can visit the ruins, claimed to be those of the legendary King Arthur’s castle. You can end the day
with a swim in the hotel’s heated outdoor pool. The Metropole Hotel is ideal for those who want
to experience the mystery of Cornwall.
D. Old Oxenhope Hall Cottage, West Yorkshire
Fans of English Literature should not miss the opportunity to spend a few days at Old Oxenhope
Flail Cottage. This attractive 17th century building is just five minutes from the village of
Haworth, where the famous Bronte sisters lived. Their house, Haworth Parsonage, is open to the
public and is well worth a visit. The moors, where they would wander for hours, are perfect for
those who enjoy walking. The cottage itself is fully self- contained and has been restored to a
high standard of comfort. It is furnished with all the modern conveniences, and will certainly
appeal to history lovers and aspiring writers alike.
Follow-up
4 a. Read the article again, choose one hotel and make notes under the headings below. Then,
use your notes to talk about it.
• name • location • description • facilities • things to see/do
b. Make notes under the same headings for a place you have stayed on holiday. Then use your
notes to write a short article about it. You can use the article in Ex. 3 as a model.

Vocabulary practice: Weather

5a.-Listen to the weather forecast and fill in the gaps, then talk about the weather in these
places.
Havana: hot, dry, ... temperature high thirties
Hong Kong: rainy season, hot, .... temperature 35°C
Cape Town: wet, ,
Geneva: warm, dry, …… temperature 18°C
In Havana it's hot, dry and sunny. The temperature is in the high thirties.
b. Imagine you are a weather reporter. Report tomorrow's weather.
snowy sunny rainy cloudy foggy
35°C boiling hot, 30°C hot, 25°C warm, 15°C cool, 10°C chilly, 5°C cold, -5°C freezing cold.
Athens 15°C, Barcelona 17°C, Budapest 10°C, Chicago 2°C, Istanbul 10°C, Kiev 8°C, Madrid 20°C,
Milan 17, Moscow 4°C, Prague 5°C, Singapore 33°C, Warsaw 12°C
It will be cool and rainy in Athens with a temperature of 15°C.
Holidays
6.In pairs discuss which of the items below you would pack if you were going to each of the
places in Ex. 5a.
Umbrella, boots, gloves, rucksack, goggles, insect repellent, money, belt, sandals, shorts, first aid
kit, credit card, guidebook, binoculars sunscreen, laptop, computer, mobile phone, camera,
hairdryer, raincoat.
A: If I visited Cape Town, I would definitely take my boots because it is cold and wet there.
B: I couldn't agree more. A raincoat is absolutely...
7. What type of holiday suits you best? Do the quiz to find out.
Holiday quiz
1.How do you feel when you go shopping or sightseeing during your holiday?
A trapped B hot and bothered C excited D bored
2.You’re trying to enjoy your holiday but the weather is terrible. What do you do?
A Get out into the countryside. B Stay in and get warm with a cup of tea.
C Take your umbrella and do some window shopping, D Pack up and go home.
3.You’re staying in an old family friend’s house for your summer holiday. How do you thank
them?
A Invite them on an adventure weekend. B Invite them to your house for a long weekend,
C Invite them for a weekend out on the town. D Invite them to a health spa.
4.A friend suggests a trip to a country you’ve never visited before. What do you ask him about
first?
A the national parks B the beaches C the nightlife D the best restaurants
5.What’s your ideal spring break?
A Walking over the rugged Yorkshire moors. B Wandering along the beach in Tahiti.
C A stopover in New York city. D A luxurious Mediterranean cruise.
Now check your answers
Mostly A)’s, you enjoy adventure and wide open spaces. You would be happiest out hiking in
rocky mountains, canoeing across deep blue lakes or camping under the stars in the middle of a
green forest.
Mostly B)’s, you enjoy gentler pastimes. You would be happiest somewhere where you can relax.
A secluded mountain resort or a sandy, palm-fringed beach where you need do nothing but lie
back and relax is the perfect spot for you.
Mostly C)’s, you want to be with people. You would be happiest in a bustling city centre where
you can fill your days shopping in elegant boutiques and your evenings sampling the non-stop
nightlife of the area's trendiest hot spots.
Mostly D)’s, you appreciate comfort and luxury. Glamorous resorts, upscale hotels and first-class
cruises were created with you in mind. Your holidays are the time when you want to experience
all the finer things in life.
8. Guess the noun which goes with the adjectives, then use them to describe the place you spent
your holidays last year.
1.clean, sandy, dirty, secluded beach
2.trendy, expensive, second-hand, souvenir s…
3.narrow, busy, winding, cobbled s…
4.luxury, family, five-star, Victorian h….
5.delicious, local, gourmet c…
6.rocky, snow-capped m….
7.exotic, tropical, desert i…
Last year I went to a tropical island in the Caribbean. It was great. I spent most of my days on the
sandy beaches.
9a. Listen and match the speakers to the places.
hotel Speaker 1
hostel Speaker 2
caravan Speaker 3
cruise liner Speaker 4
b.Listen again and complete the spidergrams with words which match each place. Use any four
words to make up sentences.
hotel – lounge -…..suite -….
Cruise liner – cabin ……cabin’s table….
Caravan – mobile …..pack…..
Hostel – cheap…..basic accommodation….
Some hotels have got a swimming pool and a gym.

Holiday troubles
10a.Listen to the speakers and underline the problems they had while on holiday. What other
unpleasant holiday experiences can you think of?
Claire - travel sickness, flight delay, lost luggage, engine trouble
Tim- small room, noisy guests, terrible food, overcharged
Pam- flat tyre, ran out of gas, power cut, flat battery
b.Talk about one of your bad holiday experiences. Say where you were, when it happened, then
describe what happened to you in detail.
Writing
Imagine that you are Tim. Write a letter of complaint to the Manager of The Milton Hotel.
Include these points: • exact dates of stay • complaints • action expected to be taken.

Traveller’s tips
11a.Join the items from the two columns with in case or so that to form sentences, as in the
examples.
1.Be careful in crowded areas or at night
2.Let your family know your travel plans
3.Take out travel insurance
4.Find out the local address of your country's embassy or consulate
5.Make photocopies of your tickets and passport
a. they/ get in touch with you/emergency
b. they/be replaced/more easily if lost
c. something serious/go wrong at/destination
d. any of your belongings/ be lost or stolen
e. there/be pickpockets or muggers about

1e.Be careful in crowded areas or at night in case there are pickpockets or muggers about,
2a.Let your family know your travel plans so that they can get in touch with you in an
emergency.
b.In pairs, think of other traveller's tips and write them down giving a reason.

Festivals
12a.Match the festivals with the events. Then make up sentences, as in the example.
Festival
Holi (India)
Rocket Festival (Thailand)
Moomba (Australia)
Star Festival (Japan)
Events
decorate towns with paper lanterns
throw dye-filled water bombs
make rockets/set off fireworks
decorate trams/parade through streets
The Holi Festival takes place in India, The Indian people celebrate it by throwing dye-filled water
bombs.
b. In pairs, talk about a festival in your country. Say when it takes place and how you celebrate it.

Grammar in use: future tenses

13. Look at the question, then read sentences 1 to 4. Which suggests: a future action already
arranged? an intention/plan? an uncertainty/possibility? a prediction based on evidence?
What are your holiday plans for the summer?
The weather is getting hotter and hotter. I'm going to spend the summer on my yacht.
I'm touring Malta.
I don't know yet. I think I'll go to Rio
I'm working all summer but I'm going to spend a few days in Majorca in September.
14. In pairs discuss your plans for your next holiday. Talk about: destination, people to go with,
place to stay, means of transport, length of stay, things to do.
A: Are you doing anything on your next holiday?
B: Yes, I'm visiting a friend in Edinburgh.
A: That will be nice. Is anybody going with you?
B:I think my brother will come but he's not sure yet. Etc
15a. Read the sentences below. Which expresses: a request, a promise, a hope, a fear, an offer?
Which tense is used in all of these sentences?
I'm afraid he will be fired if he keeps coming late to work
I'll definitely call you tomorrow.
Will you help me with the suitcases?
I'll translate it if you like; I speak a little Italian.
I hope she won't be late. We haven't got much time today.
b. Think of another sentence for each use.
The present simple tense can also be used to talk about future events with time words, such as
after, while, before, as soon as, until, unless, when etc. e. g. I'm going to meet some friends after
I finish work.
Call me as soon as you know what you are going to do. Compare:
I'll phone you when I am ready, (time word)
Do you know when he'll be back? (question word)
16. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1.Jenny is going to finish her essay before she (meet) her friends.
2.When (Sam/finish) work tonight?
3.He'll pay us back when he (get) a job.
4.We're not going out now. We're going to walk until Sandra (arrive)
5.As soon as he (come) back I'll tell him to call you.
17.Fill in the correct future form of the verbs in brackets.
A: Are you doing anything this afternoon? I (go) to Marco’s for lunch if you're interested
B:Oh that sounds good. I(be) in town this morning. I (meet) you after I (finish)my shopping.
A: I (go) to the baker's. Do you need anything?
B: Yes, please, a loaf of bread.
A: OK, I (get) you one.
A: We (go) to the park later.
B:Are you crazy? Look at the clouds. It (rain). You (get) soaked.
A: (you/help) me clean the house today?
B: Yes of course. I (pick) Jane up from the station at three o'clock, but I (help) you as soon
I (get) back.
18. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. How do you feel about holidays in space?
Far from Earth
Do you want a holiday that is really out of this world? Well how about booking tickets for two
weeks in outer space.
This 1) (be) a dream of science-fiction writers for decades but some scientists are predicting that
soon this dream 2)(become) a real possibility. It seems that big business 3) (also/realise) that
there is plenty of money to be made from taking tourists into orbit. The race is on to build a
cheap and reusable spacecraft to carry passengers and freight. Once they 4) (be) in space, these
tourists 5) (need) somewhere to stay. A Japanese company 6)(already/make) plans to build the
first space hotel. They say that they 7)(be) ready to accept the first guests in as little as five years.
The guests 8) (pay) more than £40,000 and many 9) (suffer) from space sickness, but this isn’t
expected to put off people who 10) (look for) the ultimate adventure holiday.
19.Write two sentences about your:
1.plans for next year Next year I am going to Portugal for my holidays.
2.ambitions
3.predictions about the future of the world
4.hopes/fears for the future

Conditional types 0 and 1

20.Fill in the correct tense, then say what type of conditional each sentence is.
1.She will miss the tram unless she (come) now
2.If you mix red and blue paint, you (get) purple
3.I (come) to the concert if there are any tickets left
4.If you wear that coat, you(be) too hot
5.He'll go to university unless he (fail) his exams
6.If you (pour) oil on water, it floats.
21a. Use if/when to make up sentences, as in the example.
A: you take / train; rain / stop; I / see Tom; you need / help; he / work overtime; you / lose /
passport; she / have free time
B: I/invite him/ party/; we/go out; ask Joanne; she / call on us; he/finish /project in time; you/get
there more quickly; report/it immediately
If you take the train you will get there more quickly.
22a. Use the diagram to make up sentences about yourself.
More possible, less possible
Will definitely, will probably, could, may, might
I’ll definitely go to Paris this spring. - I’ll probably visit the Eiffel Tower.-I could stay in a 5-star
hotel. -I may visit the Louvre. -I might hire a car.
b. Use the prompts to make sentences about yourself.
A: If I find a well paid job, I ; if I get my university degree, I ; if I become famous, I ; if I get some
time off work, I; if I get married, I;
B: may, might, could, will probably, will definitely.
C: get good job; buy a house; have children; be on TV; go to New York.
If I find a well paid job, I will probably buy a house.

The definite article

23.Fill in the where necessary, justifying your answers. Where might you find a text like this?
1) Venezuela is a beautiful country in 2) South America which has something to offer to every
visitor. There are tropical beaches where 3) land meets 4) Caribbean Sea and 5) Atlantic
Ocean. To 6) east there are 7) snow-capped peaks of 8) Andes Mountains and in 9) south there
is 10) Amazonian rainforest.
Most tourists come into 11) country by 12) air, landing in 13) capital city, 14)
Caracas. While you are there, 15) Plaza Bolivar with its architecture from 16) 17th century
is well worth a visit as is 17) busy 18) Parque Central.
Most people, however, come to see 19) natural wonders on offer. Two of 20) favourite
destinations are 21) Angel Falls, 22) highest waterfall in 23) world, and 24) Lake Maracaibo.
More adventurous travellers can take a canoe trip up 25) Orinoco River, climb 26)
Pico Bolivar, 27) country’s highest mountain or take a boat trip along 28) Carrao River to 29)
Hacha Falls. It will be 30) experience of a lifetime.

Prepositions
24a. Fill in the correct prepositions, then explain the phrases in bold.
1.On the day of the sale, crowds of people gathered before the shop opened, all eager….a
bargain.
2.Anne has really put a lot of effort…planning this holiday, so she hopes she will have a really
good time
3. The management always puts special emphasis…the comfort of its guests
4.The whole class was really enthusiastic…the trip to Disneyland Paris.
5.Are you familiar…this part of town?
6.San Francisco is famous …its magnificent Golden Gate Bridge
7.All of our agents are experienced….all aspects of the business.
8.Let's speak to Jeff He's an expert…travel in Asia.
b. Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any five of the phrases and make up sentences
using them.
1.to date back ….1350;
2.to dine…style
3.situated…an area,
4.to stand…a hilltop;
5.trip…a place;
6. ideal…sb
7.open…the public
8.to be furnished ….
9.to appeal…sb.

Phrasal verbs
25. Fill in the correct particle, and explain the phrasal verbs.
1. Tom always cuts…… the park on his way home
2.John is trying to cut…the amount of sweet food he eats every day.
3.She forgot to pay the bill, and now her phone's been cut….
4.When he read the article, he found that the most exciting part has been cut…!
5.It's cold today, so make sure you do…your coat
6.I could really do…a cup of coffee right now
7.Sooner or later we will have to do…room keys and have only card keys.

Multiple choice cloze

Tip: Look at the title of the text to get an idea of what the text is about. Read the text once to get
the general ides. Read the text again, looking at the words before and after each gap. Then, look
at the choices and decide which word fits better. Do not leave any blanks. Finally read the
completed text to see if makes sense.
20.Read the text and circle the answer A, B, C or D, which best fits each gap (1-15). There is an
example at the beginning (0).
The four-hour rail journey to Machu Picchu is nothing 0) short of spectacular. On either 1) of the
tracks you will see steep mountains towering above. As the outlines of the 2) site loom out of the
mist, you will 3) your first glimpse of the silent rums of the 'lost city’ which stand on a high ridge
with a great 4) ....... of the Andes Mountains. 5) opposite sides of the ruins, you will be able to 6)
straight down at different river valleys. You can follow an ancient stone road, 7) leave the site to
climb to a gap 8) as the ‘Gate of the Sun’. 9) the climb is exhausting, the astonishing scenery 10)
an unforgettable experience. Even though the Incas left 11) clues behind when they abandoned
Machu Picchu some 500 years 12), it’s believed to have been one of the homes of the royal 13).
A walking 14) of the site will take you about four and a half hours, but the experience will be 15)
worth the effort.
0.A.except B.short C.less D. other
1A. side B.bank c.edge D. part
2A.previous B.past c.ancient D. old
3A. grasp B.take c.catch D. hold
4A. picture B.sight c.scene D. view
5A. On B.From c.Over D. For
6.A watch B .view c.look D. see
7.A which B.whose c.where D. who
8.A called B.understood c.thought D. known
9.A When B.Although c.Even D. Despite
10.A makes up B.makes for c.makes off D. makes to
11.A little B.few c.many D. much
12.A ago B.before c.later D. after
13.A team B.group c.people D. family
14.A tour B.trip c.journey D. travel
15.A fairly B.rather c.well D. quite

Error correction
27. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is correct, put a tick (/). If it has
a word that should not be there, write this word on the line, as in the examples
Up Up and Away!
On October 6th, I am going to the International Balloon Fiesta which will get on underway in
Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is a colourful festival which it started in 1972 with just 15 balloons.
Now, it has been grown into one which attracts more than 1,000 balloons from countries as far
away from as Brazil, South Africa, Turkey and more. More than 800,000 people they come to this
spectacular event in every year. I am going to volunteer as a member of for one of the ground
crews. We will meet before dawn in the morning and inflate the hot air balloons. When the sun
has rises, the balloons will be released so to float into the crystal clear morning sky. The fiesta
also includes in the International Gas Balloon Race, several night ballooning events and other
activities such as an arts and crafts fair, the fireworks, parties and much more. I know I will have
a great time.

Key-Word Transformations
28.Complete the second sentence using the word in bold. You must use between two and five
words, including the word given.
1.We are grateful for all your help in the matter. appreciate. We really….the matter
2.He will never use that travel agent again. Last. It's the…..that travel agent
3.I'll leave my mobile phone on so that you can call me. Case. I'll leave my mobile phone on
....... to call me
4.If you don't leave immediately, you'll miss your flight. Unless. You'll miss your flight…right away
5.The first thing I'll do when I get to the hotel is to have a hot shower. Soon. I'll have a hot
shower…to the hotel.
6.You needn't wait for me I'll be a long time. Point. There's …….for me. I'll be a long time

Idioms & Fixed Phrases

29a.Fill in the words from the list. Then try to explain the phrases in bold: feet • time • suitcase,
move • line • weather.
1.This new job in sales means that I'll have to live out of a….for months.
2.I’ll drop you a…….as soon as I get there and let you know what's going on
3.I can't wait to put my….up and forget about work
4.Come on! If you don't get a….on, we'll miss the train
5.I've been feeling a bit under the…all week
6.We arrived in the nick of…..The show was about to start as we sat down
b.Are there similar idioms in your language? What are they?
Underline the correct word and then explain the phrases.
1.That's what we like about Phoebe. She's willing to lend an ear/eye and give her advice.
2.It's early days/times yet Pete has not yet made his decision
3.I can't believe you're going on a cruise this summer it must be costing the fortune/earth i
4.You have to see that new film at the Rialto, I was on the corner/edge of my seat until the very
end
5.We're finding it really difficult to make ends meet/together since Jason lost his job at the
factory.

Listening and speaking skills

Tip. Read each sentence carefully. Try to think of what information is missing e.g. a name, a
number etc. Listen and start filling in. Remember you can write up to three words. What you
write must fit grammatically in the sentence and make sense. Listen again and fill in the other
answers. Check what you have written.
31. Listen to the advertisement for a holiday in Wales and fill in the missing information. Do not
use more than three words in each gap.
Breakaway is offering family 1……at a hotel. The weekend costs 2….The hotel was built in the 3….
Don’t miss a visit to Snowdonia’s many 4……Snowdonia is a good place to go 5….and rock
climbing. Exercise in the hotel’s 6…. or the 7…..Try traditional 8….in the restaurant. Book before
9….4th. Special offer. Call now on 0180 2278954.
32b. b. Talk about your most exciting weekend. Who were you with? What did you do? What
made it exciting?
33.You will hear a conversation between two friends talking about a recent trip to Brazil. For
questions 1-6, decide which of the following choices A, B or C is the best answer.
1. Why did Dave go to Rio? A On a business trip B To go to the beach C To experience Carnival
2.What was the first place he went? A To the beach B To the hotel. C To the Carnival.
3. What does Dave say about the dancers? A They were tireless B They were tiring C They were
tired
4.How long does Carnival last? A 10 hours. B 10 days C 5 days
5. What does Dave say about the nightlife? A It's an interesting mix B He didn’t go out much C
The nightclubs were great
6. What is Janet going to do? A Take some photos. B Look at some photos C Get some photos
developed
34.You have just come back from a trip. Tell a friend yours: why you went there, how you got
there, how long you stayed and where, what you did during your stay.
A: So why did you decide to go there ? B: Well, I had been dreaming of ... etc
35.You are going to listen to two news items. For questions 1-6, decide which of the sentences
are true, which are false and which are not mentions Mark each statement as True/False/
Doesn't say by ticking the appropriate box.
1.The Williams' luggage never reached Mexico. True False Doesn’t say.
2.The suitcase was mislabelled in LA. True False Doesn’t say.
3.Mr Williams is having problems with his insurance company. True False Doesn’t say.
4. Mr. Sor will go to court. True False Doesn’t say.
5.Mr. Sor claims he had no choice other than to leave the boys. True False Doesn’t say.
6. The boys missed the boat by accident. True False Doesn’t say.

36. You had a bad experience while you were on holiday. Now you are back, relate: what the
problem was, where you were and what you were doing, who helped you and how the problem
was solved.
One of the experiences I had was….I was…

Invitations - Accepting and Refusing

37a.Listen to the dialogues and write A (accepted), R (refused) or NS (not sure) for each one.
1….2….3….4…
1.A: Oh hi Steve. How are you?
B: Fine Listen. I'm meeting George and Mary for lunch in an hour. Would you like to join us?
A:Thanks, I'd love to but I'm working this afternoon
2.A: Hi Matt!
B: Oh, hi Ann. I haven't seen you for ages.
A: I know, have you got time for a coffee?
B: That's a great idea.
3.A: Shall we go to that new restaurant for dinner tonight?
B: No, I'd rather not. I'm not keen on Chinese food
4.A: I heard that there's a really good film on at the Odeon. Why don't we go?
B: I don't know. I've got to finish this report. I'll let you know how I'm getting on later.
b. In pairs act out similar dialogues using the prompts and the phrases in the box: go to the
theatre, have dinner at an expensive restaurant, spend the weekend in Cornwall

Inviting: Let's/Shall we… Why don't we/you… How/What about…. I think we should… We could…
Would you like to…. I was wondering if….
Accepting/Refusing: I’d love to but I'm afraid I can't, I suppose so, (not) fancy, (not) keen on,
(not) like, I don't really feel up to it, I'd love to, that would be great, another time perhaps, I'm
not sure I can.

Cancelling hotel reservation

39a. Listen to the dialogue. Who are the speakers? b. Read and match the exchanges.
A:
1.Good afternoon. The Palace Hotel, how can I help you?
2.Just a minute, please. Ah, yes. You reserved a double room for two nights.
3. Certainly, although you do realise the deposit you paid is non- refundable?
B:
a.I thought so. That's not a problem.
b. Yes, that's right I'm very sorry but can you cancel it, please?
c.Hello. I made a reservation with you about two weeks ago. My name's Vanessa Bryce.

c. Use the prompts to act out similar dialogues.

Azar Airlines/2 months ago/Tina Charles/
2 seats/10 am flight to Madrid/22nd August
Monsieur's Bistro/6 weeks ago/table/Barry White/ table for 6/New Year's Eve

Renting a vehicle
40a.Listen to the dialogue. Where does this conversation take place?
b.Read the dialogue and change the questions in bold into indirect questions as appropriate.
A: Good morning. How can I help you?
B: Hello. I’d like to hire a car for the weekend, please.
A: Certainly. What type of car would you like?
B: A small hatchback, please. How much is it going to cost?
A: Well, including the insurance, it will cost £100
B: That's fine
A: May 1 see your driving licence, please?
B: Of course. Here you are.
A: Now, if you will sign the contract here, I'll get the keys.
c.Use the prompts to act out similar dialogues: motorcycle 125cc/50 pounds, speed boat 175
pounds.

Spectacular nature
41a. Look at the pictures. What do these places have in common? Where do you think they are?
b. In what context might you find these words in the texts?
Text A: • stunning views • chalk • coastline, shipwrecks • strategic location, shipping lanes
Text B: • slopes • spectacular scenery, wild game • Indian tribes, railroad route • snow-capped
peaks
The White Cliffs of Dover offer stunning views of the English Channel.
42a. Read the texts and write A or B for each question.
Which natural feature(s)
1.contains the remains of ancient animals?
2.has been used to guard the country?
3.allows you to see another country?
4.is made up of several different ranges?
5.allows you to see local wildlife?
6.contains tunnels?
7.made it difficult for travellers to move west?
b. Which text may be from an encyclopaedia? a tourist brochure?
43.Explain the words in bold. Then, match the synonyms below to the highlighted words: visit •
pioneers • because of • sight, passes • section • obstructed
44.Read the texts again and in pairs, talk about the similarities and differences of these places.
Then say which place you would like to visit and why.
Writing Project
Write a short article about one of the most interesting natural areas in your country for your
school magazine. Write about: its location, size, historical details, what you can do/see there.

A.White cliffs of Dover

When crossing the English Channel from continental Europe to Dover, England, the first sight you
see existence since dinosaurs were roaming the earth. Their characteristic white colour is due to
the fact that they are made of chalk. They are believed to grow 15 metres every million years
and are now around 250 metres high.
Due to their strategic location they have been used to help defend the coast from invasion
throughout England’s history. During the time of Napoleon, tunnels were dug into the cliffs so
that soldiers could attack the invading French armies. These tunnels were used as recently as
World War II. There are many shipwrecks to be found in the bays and along the beaches below
the cliffs because the sea is exceptionally rough along this stretch of the coast.
What’s more, there is plenty to see and do in the surrounding area. You can visit one of Dover’s
many spectacular heritage castles or even the Roman fort at nearby Richborough. The White
Cliffs themselves are an excellent place for hiking, and offer stunning views of one of the world’s
busiest shipping lanes. On a clear day, you can even see the French coastline. A visit to England
would not be complete without a stopover at this magnificent natural feature.
B.The Rockies
The Rocky Mountains are the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountain
chain extends for more than 4,800 km through the United States and Canada. Visitors to the
Rockies enjoy sparkling lakes, snow-capped peaks and other spectacular scenery. The region is
also famous for its ski resorts and wild game. Some US and Canadian national parkes can be
found there. Several rivers such as, the Colorado, the Missouri, the Arkansas and others begin in
the Rockies.
Chief ranges of the Rockies include the Southern Rockies, the Middle Rockies, the Northern
Rockies, the Canadian Rockies, the Selwyn and Mackenzie mountains and the Brooks Range.
Plant and Animal life: Forests of pinon pines cover the lower slopes of the Southern Rockies. In
the higher areas of the Rockies firs, pines and spruces can be found. Mountain goats, elk, bears,
deer, mountain lions, squirrels and other animals live in the Rockies.
History: The Rockies were formed over 65 million years ago. The sides of the mountains contain
fossils of animals which once lived in the sea as well as rocks that were formed in the hot interior
of the earth.
Many Indian tribes used to live there when Europeans first arrived in North America. The first
Europeans to reach the Rockies were Spanish explorers, who established a colony near what is
now Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1598.
The Rockies hampered transportation during the 1800’s when explorers and settlers were
moving westward. The first railroad route through them was built in the Wyoming Basin in
1868.Today, Interstate Highway 80 runs through the Wyoming Basin.

Writing a semi-formal transactional letter

Tip: We write a transactional letter to respond to some kind of written input. This input may be a
letter, an advertisement, an invitation, notes, etc, or a combination of these.
When we write a transactional letter, we have to: read the rubric carefully, underlining the key
words/phrases; choose a writing style depending on who we are writing to (informal, semi-
formal or formal); Cover all the points in the rubric in full sentences. We should use our own
words.
Analysing the Rubric
45.Read the rubric, underline the key words and answer the questions.
You are a teacher and you are taking a group of students on a skiing trip to France. You have
made a preliminary booking at the hotel and now the assistant manager has contacted you for
more details. Read part of the letter and the notes you have made, then write a letter answering
his questions.
First of all, you have booked from the 16th to the 30th January. Can you confirm these dates,
please? Also, I would like to know if you have the final numbers of boys and girls so we can
assign the rooms to you.
Secondly, I will need to know if any of your students have any special needs.
Finally, could you let me know your flight details so I can make arrangements for your transfer
from the airport?
Yours sincerely,
Maria Reeve
These dates – dates are the same
We – 20 students, 2 teachers (female), 12 boys – 8 girls
Your – 4 vegetarians
Flight – flight details, BA 257 arrives, 16th 10.20 am.
Special discount price still applies?
Can she arrange ski lift passes in advance?
1.Who are you writing to?
2.What style will you use to write this letter? Why?
3.Which of the following pieces of information should you include in your letter?
•date of arrival • time of arrival • duration of stay
•flight number • number of students
•number of boys/girls • students' special needs
4.What questions would you ask?

Analysing a Model Text

46a. Read the letter and cross out the inappropriate phrases in bold. Justify your choices.
Dear Maria,
1. Thank you for your letter. 1) Here’s what you need to know/l have the information you
requested and I also have, few questions of my own.
2.Firstly, 2) the dates stay as they are/we haven’t changed the dates. We shall be coming from
the 16th January to M 30th. Also, 3) here are our flight details/our flight details an as follows, we
will arrive on flight BA 257 at 10.20am. 4) Our party will consist of/There will be twenty students
in total twelve boys and eight girts. There will also be two adults, myself and another female
teacher. 5) With regard to/And the special requirements, there will be four vegetarians in our
party
3.Also, 6) can you tell me/could you kindly inform me if the special discount price is still
available? Finally, 7) would it be possible for you to/ can you organise our ski lift passes in
advance.
4.I hope this covers everything. 8) I am looking forward to seeing you soon/l can’t wait to see you
9) Yours truly/Love from,
Jennifer Taylor
b.Look at the notes. Have the exact words been used in the letter? Have all the points been
included? What is the topic of each paragraph?
Style
47. Match the informal sentences to the semi-formal ones of the same meaning. Then, identify
the type of letter each pair came from - accepting/refusing an invitation, thank-you letter, asking
for/giving information, apologising, giving advice.
Informal style
1.Thanks a lot for lending me your motorbike.
2. Do you have a free room in the beginning of May?
3. I'd love to come to your school play.
4. Sorry for not being able to make it last Saturday.
5. I think you should book soon.
6. I’m 20 years old. I'm at university this year.
SEMI-FORMAL STYLE
a. I would be happy to attend the school play
b. If I were you, I would make the bookings as soon as possible.
c. Thank you very much for the use of your vehicle
d. I'm a twenty-year-old university student,
e. I'd like to apologise for not managing to meet you at last Saturday's conference,
f. I would like to know if you have any vacancies in early May.

48.Rewrite the following sentences in semi-formal style.

1.Are there any flights to Portugal on 2nd April?
2.We weren't very pleased with our cabin
3.I'm sorry the children were so noisy during their visit to the museum.
4.Can you tell me what time I should get to the station?
5.Let me know what time the people will get here
Indirect Questions
49.Rewrite these direct questions as indirect questions, as in the example. Use the phrases
below to help you.
Could you (tell me/let me know)
I would like to know if/whether
I would be grateful if....
I would appreciate it if...
1.Can we hire a car at the hotel?
Could you tell me if we can hire a car at the hotel?
2.How much will it cost altogether?
3.Are there any school discounts available?
4.Does the hotel have facilities for young children?
5.What time will the plane arrive?
6.Will somebody meet us at the airport?
Discuss & Write
50a. Read the rubric and underline the key words/ phrases. How well does the person who is
going to write the letter know the recipient? What would you expect to read in the letter?
You are a teacher taking a group of students on a school trip. You have had a telephone
conversation with the centre where you plan to stay. Now the Activity Leader has sent you a fax
asking you to confirm the details you discussed on the phone Read the fax and the notes you |
made carefully. Then write a letter in response
b.Read the fax carefully. Then, listen to the conversation about the school trip and complete the
notes.
Hawthorn Park Residential Activity Centre
From: Joe Benson. (Activity Leader)
To: Kate Peterson Re: Trip Details
Regarding our recent telephone conversation, I'd like you to confirm a few details in writing so
that we can move ahead with the arrangements for your school trip.
The dates of your stay
The proposed time of arrival / means of travel
Size of party / number of rooms required
Any questions?
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
Yours truly,
Joe Benson
c.Look at your notes. Then, in pairs, ask and answer questions, as in the example.
A: When will they arrive at Hawthorn Park?
B: On 6th September.
A: When will they leave? etc
d.Rewrite the questions the teacher is going to ask in a semi-formal style.
51.Which of the following are opening and which are closing remarks? Which are appropriate for
this letter?
1.I am writing to confirm the arrangements for our school visit to Hawthorn Park
2.Call me if you want to know anything else
3.Please do not hesitate to contact me should you require any further information
4.You asked me to give you some details in writing
52.Answer the questions in the plan, then write your letter (120-180 words). You do not need to
include any addresses. Use the letter in Ex. 46 as a model.
Plan
Introduction
Dear (+ recipient’s full name,)
(Para 1) Why are you writing the letter?
How can you start the letter?
Main Body
(Para 2) What information are you giving?
(Para 3) What questions do you want to ash?
Conclusion
(Para 4) How can you end the letter?
Yours sincerely / Yours truly,
(Your full name)
53.Explain the sentences below in your own words.
Famous words
He who travels west, travels not only with the sun but with history. Hal Borland (US journalist)
The world is a book, and those who do not travel, read only a page. Saint Augustine (Roman
philosopher)
A rolling stone gathers no moss. (traditional)