Case study:
I. Scenario
Mitsubishi Engineering Company (MEC) at Robinson's Place Residence. The work place or the site is
very neat and strickly applying the philippine electrical code. But even how the work place are neat the
common problem in DC machines like DC generator and DC motor are inevitable. Electrical Engineer
Pulmones said that " The most commonly problems are maintenance of equipments, old time
components, troubleshoot in coils to restore the output voltage.
According to Engr. Daniel R. Pulmones the location site of Robinson’s Place Residences is advantage
and good to be place in near of Department of Justice, Supreme Court and Philippines General Hospital,
because the location of it, is avoided to brownout because of the access of government facility access to
prevent the troubleshoot and to maintain the good service of electrical supply company.
II. Issues and Concens
In the Robinson's Place Residence at MEC (Mitsubishi Engineering Company) the most commonly issue
in DC generator
-Maintenance of equipments
-Old time components
-Troubleshoot in coils to restore the output voltage
III. Technical specification
IV. Analysis and Synthesis
V. Philippine Electrical Code
The new edition of the PEC 2017 is based on the 2017 National Electrical Standard. The primary
objective of the standard is to develop requirements for the performance of basic materials and
electrical work for the safe use of electricity for illumination, heat, control, communications, signaling
and other purposes. The code serves as an instructional manual for the persons who are qualified. To
ensure safety, electrical structures must meet the requirements of the Code.
The philippine electrical code is inevitable to change it is because of the new technologies and
requirement, new product and equipement, and technical innovation.
VI. Best Practices
VII. Conclusion
DC Generator
A dc generator is an electrical machine which converts mechanical energy into direct current electricity.
This energy conversion is based on the principle of production of dynamically induced emf. This article
outlines basic construction and working of a DC generator.
A DC generator can be used as a DC motor without any constructional changes and vice versa is also
possible. Thus, a DC generator or a DC motor can be broadly termed as a DC machine. These basic
constructional details are also valid for the construction of a DC motor. Hence, let's call this point
as construction of a DC machine instead of just 'construction of a dc generator.
According to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, whenever a conductor is placed in a varying
magnetic field (OR a conductor is moved in a magnetic field), an emf (electromotive force) gets induced
in the conductor. The magnitude of induced emf can be calculated from the emf equation of dc generator.
If the conductor is provided with a closed path, the induced current will circulate within the path. In a DC
generator, field coils produce an electromagnetic field and the armature conductors are rotated into the
field. Thus, an electromagnetically induced emf is generated in the armature conductors. The direction of
induced current is given by Fleming’s right hand rule.
DC Machine
DC motors are electrical machines that consume dc electrical power and produce mechanical
torque. DC motors are classified according to the connection of the field circuit with respect to the
armature circuit. Traditionally dc motors were classified as shunt, series or separately excited. In additions
it was common to see motors referred to as compound-wound. There is really no fundamental difference
between shunt, series or separately excited dc motors, and the names simply reflect the way in which the
field and armature circuits are interconnected.
The dc motor has two separate circuits. The smaller pair of terminals connect to the field windings which
surround each pole and are normally in series, in the steady state all the input power to the field windings
is dissipated as heat, none of it is connected to mechanical output power. The main terminals convey the
current to the brushes which make the sliding contact to the armature winding on the rotor. The supply
to the field is separate from that for the armature hence the description separately excited.
In shunt dc motors, the field circuit is connected in parallel with the armature circuit while DC series
motors have the field circuit in series with the armature where both field and armature currents are
identical. The brushes and commutators are troublesome for dc motors at very high speed whereas small
dc motors say up to hundreds of watts output can run at perhaps 12000 rev/min but the majority of
medium and large motors are usually designed for speeds below 3000 rev/min.
“Direct current (DC) motors have been widely used in many industrial applications such as electric
vehicles, steel rolling mills, electric cranes, and robotic manipulators due to precise, wide, simple, and
continuous control characteristics. The desired torque-speed characteristics could be achieved by the use
of conventional proportional integral- derivative (PID) controllers.”[1]
Dc motors are mostly preferred because they are easy to use and control and not only this they even
deliver High starting torque and their characteristic performance is also nearly linear. But when it comes
to Speed control of dc motor the purpose of a motor speed controller is to take a signal representing the
demanded speed, and to drive a motor at that speed. “The controller may or may not actually measure
the speed of the motor. If it does, it is called a Feedback Speed Controller or Closed Loop Speed Controller,
if not it is called an Open Loop Speed Controller. Feedback speed control is better, but more complicated.
[Link]
pec-2017-edition
