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Lecture 9 — Fick’s Laws and Transport with
External Forces
Sections 5.3 and 5.4 in the textbook
Fick’s 1st and 2"4 Laws
Sedimentation
Electrophoresis
Convection and Chromatography Review: Diffusion equation
* From calculating the probability of a molecule being a certain
distance away from its starting point after a random walk, we derived
the Einstein diffusion equation: mt
\ na
CrP) = Tepe D Ws aa
. we
yas K FE % (Lhemal icbasiviry) 2
wt (elechan ar bole et
0 - — b= rake of . a
Zz callus. - big 5 Vs
d= dubna o parbde bank Lebwiers collicions
e+)
<7 =9
i
occa C7 Fick’s Laws of Diffusion
* Fick’s laws of diffusion describe how concentration gradients affect
diffusion rates
* Fick’s first law describes how the flux of molecules, J, depends on the
concentration gradient and diffusion coefficient under steady-state
conditions: = dens. hak Chany
— Je -p4 xc (= Aesty bith tod
2 = doch,
leaner qediott <= hey
briny Qe IY J oy
— Jis the number of molecules that pass a location per second per unit
area (units of moles/m’s)
1 te, ( ta (4) coe)
—
z Fick’s Second Law
* Fick’s 2"¢ Law can be used to derive concentration profiles for non-
steady-state conditions
a Ota wall
tao t,t F teint
Cruse ps les
Aca A
prakuulys dat
Me cools i
mol, a= I (eso) - TOK
ws KD
bow Go ranging acd, box over tine
led At FAO
4 _at Fuk's Fat a: y=-
XK Are
“
v
A) = oe. = $2 |
At at Example: Constant surface concentration
Sour in Gaile,
block
Boundary Cond bea
Grek Kye t=O, C= 0s
ee R sue bee
. Tarte cantiher £20
t=O
Q=0 ak E70
0 2
de pte
at Aat
- 2
chon Of Verdes Mee 2624,
aa
dp 3e . 24 D dy ae =p 2.
ae dy Ot igh aE) a Sas
4 4
2 a2, — wt, - - wt
She aeleoge )= Two = Ze
0 t
pa 7 dine)'*
l LL
- ate [ :
ze * Po or|
“tq Gee SE = A (40) (ek de
4 ah ay \ ay ay
-Im £2 df
mts s
\
gt > ~ Laan
n(38\="
4p = ce
ak Maa
e= oc Ce dy ‘
°
aw Cadtan
0= 6 = et(4) + cp
4° ap" Bc az9, ees
me Bc
« & eho) te P=
ez 4 Bek(yy + @
Te. tro, e=0 02D
oo al
Pg tal (OF Gq ie ark (=) + ts
C= tes.
Vr
jlhn Gr sem
C= & “Fly t Rs InGiarke Slob w/ Omthaat
pe Tt ;
Garba, Bnanbebw Sedimentation
lagu Dunvads Gane = Ganty C whe Ge
Gi ¢ me megeong)
due fo .
et oh Ups bax = Fisity 2 he vac
4
Mrvink
Fi = GP ethek Vos gen
a (Gnuftea
shape ( sur head
: choy skeke, U/ solunk)
Canbnby \eveans Guenttchanel Veloce “%
pts — [0% bees fone
angele veloute, b=)
Fou = (wm, \wte = mvt . .
cant = Coote a Ee eke
meee af .
watr vf salde sheet meen
Fy = Mune an seoe for steda tate
velouty, Electrophoresis
* The frictional force due to viscosity opposes an electrostatic force
acting on a charged molecule moving through an electric field
vdouly pv nm
by oe
mass,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis, Convection
Net flow of a gas or liquid, usually through another fluid, without
mixing
In additional to movement from diffusion, molecules have a net
velocity in a specific direction
Vem? = << Fidels tt Law
de fA 4 at Qo? *&
(a8) CE\ LL = Oat toe? aE
an
aye (E> Wat Ve
Plat)e (addy ec ) bai (er 06 Hremsrynimics — Conserabion OF omteary
bE=w rg
a
pak bak
WE = EL -F sthe Ganckinn Cpatle/ pated whepente
band and Week xe pth depedent
Suen 0 Wide cad best ib om shake Feachinn
Reverlle vers Lecvenbe pores
il Pate
Pees > Pee Cathe T poss
Bbewe pun ik will wee vp (dvs work)
Fille -/ P
TNE Ru
he
Re <«-\Pav
Fan ys we YO § fae
oo aves. Reale wW = 4 ZV
\
ween dV we ate 6S)
= -RelVi-v,)
AG =F ne(G-v)
