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The Cylindrical
Other Coordinate Systems Coordinate
Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System System
Spherical Coordinate System
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The Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System The Cylindrical Coordinate System
• Differential surface units:
d dz • Differential volume unit :
d dz d d dz
d d
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The Cylindrical Coordinate System ?
The Cylindrical Coordinate System A = Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z A = A a + A a + Az a z
az az
A = A a
= ( Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z ) a
a
= Axa x a + Ay a y a + Az a z a
ay = Ax cos + Ay sin
a
ax A = A a
= ( Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z ) a
• Relation between the rectangular • Dot products of unit vectors in = Axa x a + Aya y a + Az a z a
and the cylindrical coordinate cylindrical and rectangular coordinate = − Ax sin + Ay cos
systems systems
x = cos = x2 + y 2 Az = A a z
y = ( Axa x + Ay a y + Az a z ) a z
y = sin = tan −1
x = Axa x a z + Ay a y a z + Az a z a z
z=z z=z = Az
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Examples
1. Express in cylindrical components:
a. The vector from C(3, 2, -7) to D(-1, -4, 2)
b. A unit vector at D directed toward C
Example 2. Transform to cylindrical coordinates:
a. F = 10 ax – 8ay + 6 az at point P(10, -8, 6)
b. G = (2x + y) ax – (y - 4x) ay at point Q(ρ, φ, z)
c. Give the cartesian components of the vector H = 20 aρ – 10 aφ + 3az at P(x=5, y=2, z= -1)
• Give the cartesian coordinates of the point C(ρ = 4.4, φ= -115o, z=2)
• Give the cylindrical coordinates of the point D(x=-3.1, y=2.6, z=-3) 3. Express in cartesian components:
a. The vector at A(ρ = 4, φ= 40o, z=-2) that extends to B(ρ = 5, φ= -110o, z=2)
• Specify the distance from C to D. b. A unit vector at B directed toward A
c. A unit vector at B directed toward the origin
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Examples The Spherical Coordinate System
4. Given points A(ρ = 5, φ=70o, z=-3) and B(ρ = 2, φ= -30o,z=1), find:
a. A unit vector in cartesian coordinates at A directed toward B
b. A unit vector in cylindrical coordinates at A directed toward B
c. A unit vector in cylindrical coordinates at B directed toward A
5. Express in cartesian components:
a. The vector at A(ρ = 4, φ= 40o, z=-2) that extends to B(ρ =5, φ= -110o, z=2)
b. A unit vector at B directed toward A
c. A unit vector B directed toward the origin
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The Spherical Coordinate System The Spherical Coordinate System
• Differential surface units:
dr rd
dr r sin d
rd r sin d
• Differential volume unit :
dr rd r sin d
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The Spherical Coordinate System
• Relation between the rectangular and the spherical coordinate systems Examples
x = r sin cos r= x +y +z , r0
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1. Transform the following vectors to spherical coordinates at the points
z given
y = r sin sin = cos −1 , 0 180
x2 + y 2 + z 2
a. 10ax at P(x = -3, y=2, z=4)
y
z = r cos = tan −1
x b. 10 ay at Q(ρ = 5, φ= 30o, z=4)
• Dot products of unit vectors in spherical and
c. 10az at M(r=4, θ= 110o, φ= 120o)
rectangular coordinate systems
2. At point P(-3,4,5), express the vector that extends from P to Q(2, 0, -1)
in spherical coordinates.
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The Spherical Coordinate System
◼ Example
Given the two points, C(–3,2,1) and D(r = 5, θ = 20°, Φ = –70°), find: (a) the spherical
coordinates of C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D.
r = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = (−3) 2 + (2) 2 + (1) 2 = 3.742
z 1
= cos −1 = cos −1 = 74.50
x2 + y 2 + z 2 3.742
y 2
= tan −1 = tan −1 = −33.69 + 180 = 146.31
x −3
C (r = 3.742, = 74.50, = 146.31)
D( x = 0.585, y = −1.607, z = 4.698)
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