THE

FESTIVUS
REPORT
2019
 Happy Festivus! Another year gone already. It seems like just yesterday I was sounding the alarm

over a $20 trillion debt, and now the U.S. has pushed past $23 trillion! The more things changed in

2019, the more they stayed the same. Hollywood continued going back to tried and true classics,

releasing hits like The Lion King and Aladdin. And the federal government clung to old ideas such as

failing to fund the government on time and spending even more taxpayer dollars.

Americans rang in 2019 with a government shutdown. Democrats, perhaps bolstered by a new

House majority, instantly blocked funding to stop Republican action on the border. Worse than that,

in August, Congress undermined the Budget Control Act of 2011, throwing out the budget caps and

suspending the debt ceiling for two whole years — setting the stage for even more reckless spending!

Meanwhile, the Congressional Budget Office projects more than $1 trillion annual deficits as far as

the eye can see. Needless to say, it’s been a bad year for federal spending. In fact, a November review

of Fiscal Year 2019 from the CBO states Congress spent $4.4 trillion in FY2019, 8 percent more than

2018. Net interest payments on the debt also skyrocketed to $423 billion, $52 billion more than

FY2018.

It’s easy if you’re a conservative to get depressed. But don’t give up. I will continue to fight the

wasteful spending. In the future, I will rate each waste of taxpayer dollars I cover on a scale of 1 to 5

pigs as I hand out the “Platinum Pig Awards.” Stay tuned for more about that. Meanwhile, this year,

I am highlighting a whopping $50,463,462,292.35 of waste, including a study of Panamanian frog

mating calls, sending low-quality textbooks to Afghan students, and a grant to fund a Peruvian Green

New Deal. It must need exporting after the Senate unanimously opposed it! So, before we get to the

Feats of Strength, it’s time for my Airing of (spending) Grievances!

I got a lotta problems with federal spending, and now you’re gonna
hear about it!
 Keep track of Dr. Paul’s efforts to expose government waste and reform federal
spending at https://www.paul.senate.gov.

Dr. Paul’s 2019 Airing of Spending Grievances

In this report, you will find . . .
 What does government waste mean for you?
 What could the government have paid for instead?
 Spending Solutions: What has Dr. Paul been doing about the problem?
 Dr. Paul’s Compilation of Waste Reports
o Spring Waste Report
o Summer Waste Report
o Fall Waste Report
 Keep track of Dr. Paul’s efforts to expose government waste and reform federal
spending at https://www.paul.senate.gov.

So, what does $50,463,462,292.35 mean to you?

If the waste I found is: $50,463,462,292.35

And the average taxpayer pays about: ÷ $8,215.48

Then Uncle Sam WASTED the taxes of: 6,142,484 people

That’s 137% of the population of Chairman Paul’s

home state of Kentucky
 Keep track of Dr. Paul’s efforts to expose government waste and reform federal
spending at https://www.paul.senate.gov.

So, what else could $50,463,462,292.35 have bought us?

Do you think you

could you have spent
$50,463,462,292.35
better than the federal
government did?
 Admittedly, this is a pretty bleak picture. But hope is not lost. The problem of government waste
is extremely solvable ... with the right willpower. This year, I’ve been hard at work not only highlighting
wasteful spending but trying to make sure Congress addresses the fiscal problems it has created for
itself.

You might have noticed Congress did not pass a budget this year. But I guaranteed the Senate
still held a vote on my Two Pennies Plan budget in June. My plan would have balanced the budget in
five years without touching Social Security or Medicare. It is a reasonable plan that requires Congress
to find just two pennies out of every on-budget dollar to cut. It doesn’t even mandate where! Congress
could have opted to cut five percent from one agency and even increase another agency’s budget.

Later that month, Congress passed a $4.5 billion spending package intended to help address the
crisis at the southern border (the same one Democrats claimed was non-existent while they were
shutting down the government in January). I tried to get Congress to pay for their spending by cutting
foreign aid, which, as my discoveries over the last year show, could certainly stand to be cut.

As summer waned, years of bloated spending came home to roost as the U.S. reached the debt
limit ... again. Congress was planning to end budget caps, a signature achievement of the Tea Party.
So, to try to bring the Senate back to its senses, I offered a plan to Cut, Cap, and Balance the budget.

In the fall, it was clear Congress yet again was not going to fund the government on time. So, as
it often does, it resorted to Continuing Resolutions (CRs), and when it did, I was right there to present
an alternative, offering an amendment in line with my Two Pennies Plan.

On one of the CRs, I introduced an amendment based on my Penny Plan to Enhance

Infrastructure Act (S. 2792). Instead of the U.S. borrowing more money, my plan would redirect
current funding levels to provide $12.3 billion in paid-for new infrastructure spending in 2020 alone
without touching Medicare, Medicaid, or Social Security. It has been estimated this could pay for
between 2,500 and 6,200 miles of new 4-lane highways or 2,200 miles of 6-lane interstates. Or it could
potentially resurface nearly 20,000 miles of existing 4-lane roads. My amendment version would have
redirected just 1% of the CR into infrastructure, including fixing our drinking water infrastructure.

While even the common-sense proposals recounted here were too much for the big spenders,
rest assured, I will keep working hard in 2020 to solve our fiscal crisis. Congress has every tool and
opportunity to solve these problems, and I am making sure my fellow legislators know it!
 WASTE
REPORT

SPRING 2019: WASTE IN FULL BLOOM

BY CHAIRMAN RAND PAUL
 Springtime has come again! The flowers are blooming, the
leaves are slowly but surely returning to the trees, and the birds
are chirping. Hope springs eternal amid all the new beginnings –
but so does government waste, as it appears bureaucrats are just
as intent on wasting your money as ever.
Like clockwork, it is that time of year again when Congress
considers the federal budget. And with budget season here, it is
incumbent upon us all to remember that the United States is
more than $22 trillion in debt. Despite record revenues thanks
to tax reform, the federal government still managed to increase
the debt by $1.2 trillion in Fiscal Year 2018 due to drastic
increases in spending. But rather than address the problem,
Congress plans to shirk its responsibility to tackle our fiscal crisis
yet again by considering a budget that doesn’t even attempt to
balance. Meanwhile, the Congressional Budget Office and the
Office of Management and Budget agree that spending on
interest on the debt will exceed defense spending in five years
and cost nearly $1 trillion in just 10 short years.
So here we are, standing athwart those who would waste
Americans’ money, showing the American people and Congress
a small fraction – just $42.6 million – of the wasteful projects on
which agencies have spent their tax dollars.
And we also remind Congress that when agencies have
enough money to waste, they have too much money in the first
place.
The federal government wasted Americans’ tax dollars as it…

 Bought an elementary school gym scoreboard at a 491% markup (BIA) ..... $13,000

 Sent international students to college for free (State) ............................... $15,825,000

 Studied the habits of online dating app users (NIH and NSF) ................. $1,200,000

 Taught Lao to Laotians (USAID) ................................................................ $20,000,000

 Improved the quality of TV in Moldova (State) .......................................... $2,000,000

 Paid to teach social scientists how to apply for grants (NSF) ...................... $103,777

 Allowed the 1033 Program to be abused (DOD) ....................................... $2,711,255

 “Tested” whether social justice improves STEM education (NSF) ............ $649,773

 Funded a week of summer school for grad students (NSF) ........................... $49,990

 Developed 6 undergrad course units on food marketing (NIFA) ............... $128,054

_______________________

TAXPAYER DOLLARS WASTED: $42,680,849

 purchase card transactions”3 (Emphasis
theirs).
The Bureau of Indian Affairs paid
a 491% markup on a scoreboard This includes, according to DOI, a
for an elementary school gym requirement that “[t]he purchaser must
conduct market research which shows that he
Regular readers of The Waste Report know or she cannot reasonably expect to obtain
it typically highlights the many frivolous ways offers from IEEs [Indian Economic
the federal government spends your money. Enterprises] that will be competitive in terms
This story is a little different — it shows the of price, quality, and delivery.”4 (Even in cases
wasteful results of needless and costly federal where a purchase card can be used, the choice
rules that dictate what companies the still needs to be justified.5)
government is allowed to do business with. In The various steps in the deviation process,
this case, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) including cases where a price is obtained from
spent $13,000, which amounted to a 491 an IEE but found to be “unreasonable,” are
percent markup from what retailers were laid out in Part 1480 of the DOI Acquisition
charging for similar items on the open Regulation.6
market, on a gym scoreboard for an
elementary school on an Indian These steps require navigating the Federal
reservation.1 Acquisition Regulation (FAR), a 1,900-page,
53-part, 312-section tome outlining the
Everyone’s Favorite Topic: Regulations! federal government’s procedures for
Why did Uncle Sam pay nearly five times everything from purchasing helium to
the going rate, you ask? Because it complied processing donations of food.7 It is
with the Buy Indian Act, a law regulating how unwieldy, complex, and unnecessarily
BIA acquires goods and services for burdensome.
reservations. Department of Interior (DOI) Needless to say, it is highly unlikely
regulations require the BIA “to give preference someone would take the time to jump through
to Indians whenever the use of that authority all these hoops, especially if an item is needed
is authorized and practicable.”2 quickly.
Though the Buy Indian Act does permit Of course, there is something to be said
purchasers to buy from non-Indian vendors for buying from IEEs to serve Indian
under certain circumstances, the process is so reservations when the prices are comparable to
laborious and time-consuming that it is, for all those on the open market. But with current
intents and purposes, prohibitive. “Any regulations, IEE suppliers are not incentivized
deviation from [the Buy Indian Act] to compete with non-IEEs for the
policy,” according to the BIA, “must be government’s business, so higher prices can be
approved by an authorized official and more easily charged, which in turn limits the
documented in the contract file, except for non-governmental patrons willing to buy from
IEEs.

1
 Economic engineering through federal Educational and Cultural Affairs is still
mandates, though well-intentioned, can spending millions on the program —
generate unintended consequences including committing up to $15,825,000, to be exact,
hampering job growth, failing to address to send a total of about 390 foreign students
underlying concerns, and costing the to American community colleges across
government even more money than it would academic years 2019-20, 2020-21, and 2021-
otherwise spend. It’s past time to remove 22.10 The initiative will cover the costs of
needless procurement regulations that harm “approximately 130 program participants
taxpayers and private businesses alike. from approximately 12 countries, to
include Brazil, India, Indonesia, South
Africa and other countries (subject to
change),” according to the funding
announcement, each academic year.11
The State Department is spending While the State Department hasn’t nailed
$15,825,000.00 on free college for down the countries of origin yet (and leaves
international students itself room to make other adjustments along
the way12), they have so far determined that the
For millions of Americans, community lucky students will get to enroll in one of the
colleges offer an affordable option for following areas: agriculture, applied
receiving a college education and gaining a engineering, business management and
competitive edge in the job market. But administration, early childhood education,
despite American families scrimping and information technology, media, public safety,
saving to afford college, the State or tourism and hospitality management.13 For
Department is using your taxes to pay the some reason, this list excludes several
tuition of international students enrolled in disciplines that would be valuable in many
American community colleges.

Avid readers of The Waste Report may recall

a 2015 entry in which we exposed the profligate
spending of the Community College Initiative
(CCI),8 an exchange program that, according to
the State Department, “provides scholarships
[to students from other countries] to spend up
to one academic year at U.S[.] community
colleges.”9 Since this program is so out of step
with the Trump administration’s agenda, one
might have expected it to have been ended by
now. CCI students at the Alexandria, VA, campus of the
Northern Virginia Community College. Photo Credit:
https://blogs.nvcc.edu/cci/2017/09/21/introducing-the-
But one would have been wrong, because 2017-2018-cci-program-participants/.
the State Department’s Bureau of

2
other parts of the world, such as nursing and defense...”17 Apparently, NICHD and NSF
vocational skills. think a good way to advance these
missions is by studying dating app user
At the end of the program, the habits, funded by cobbling together several
participants are supposed to earn a certificate grants totaling $1.2 million.18
or similar credential “whenever
14
possible.” But when not possible, it’s Some of the findings have made more
unclear what (if anything) they will earn, headlines than others, though what they all
since the CCI Program lasts no more than have in common is that they have nothing to
half the time it takes to complete an do with either the NIH’s or NSF’s purpose.
associate degree. Most notable was a finding published in The
New York Times that “sexual desirability peaks
And in case you were wondering, the at age 50” for men and at age 18 for women.19
$15,825,000 spent on this initiative would But the Times did not highlight the other
be enough to cover a full year of in-state findings this research unearthed, which
tuition for more than 3,200 U.S. community included finding that online dating app
college students.15 users pursue potential mates “who are on
average about 25% more desirable than
themselves,” as well as finding “that the
probability of receiving a response” on an
The NIH and NSF are spending up
app “markedly” decreases when the
to $1,200,000.00 to study online
pursued is more desirable than the pursuer,
dating user habits
and that dating app users exert greater
effort to pursue “more desirable” mates
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National than they do to pursue less desirable ones.20
Institute of Child Health and Human Another groundbreaking finding funded by
Development (NICHD) at the National these tax dollars was that the users “enact
Institutes of Health (NIH) “was founded in screeners (‘deal breakers’) that encode
1962 to investigate human development acceptability cutoffs,” such as physical distance
throughout the entire life process, with a focus from the user.21
on understanding disabilities and important
events that occur during pregnancy,” according There is no reason research like this
to their website, which also states that their should receive federal funding. In truth, the
“mission is to ensure that every person is born only suitable financiers would be dating app
healthy and wanted, that women suffer no companies themselves. It is silly to pretend this
harmful effects from reproductive processes, study has anything to do with reproductive and
and that all children have the chance to achieve childhood development, “public health” or
their full potential for healthy and productive “science promotion” more generally.
lives.”16 The National Science Foundation
NIH and NSF grant review panels would
(NSF) was created “to promote the progress of
do the taxpayers a favor by following a strategy
science; to advance the national health,
prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national

3
of dating app users: only swipe left on the most children in grade 3 to see if interventions are
attractive proposals. successful.”23 USAID says, “[w]ith limited
funding” (though since when is a $20 million
award “limited funding?”), it will concentrate
“on a selected number of communities.”24
USAID is spending
$20,000,000.00 to teach Lao to USAID also points out that a portion of
Laotians Laotians are not native Lao speakers and do
find it difficult to “learn the national
curriculum provided in the textbooks and
If we told you the U.S. government was
learning materials.”25
spending money to address illiteracy in the
United States, you might not object. But what Granted, these are serious concerns. But,
if we were to tell you the U.S. is spending $20 for some reason, the U.S. government has
million teaching Laotians their own language? deemed it appropriate to spend your tax dollars
on tackling another country’s issues with
Well, that’s exactly what USAID is
education even though, despite all the
doing, committing 20 million American
government funds poured in at home, reading
taxpayer dollars to the Lao People’s
proficiency here shows a lot of room for
Democratic Republic, a communist nation
improvement. “More than 36 million adults
controlled by one party, in pursuit of
in the United States cannot read, write, or
(according to USAID):
do basic math above a third grade level,”
1.) “Improved Lao reading ability for literacy advocates note.26 In New Jersey
non-Lao speakers and vulnerable alone, which has only a slightly larger
students,” population than Laos,27, 28 a report showed
2.) “Improved classroom instruction that “17% of adults lack basic literacy
through enhanced teacher skills.”29
competencies and resources to
In 2015, the Organisation [sic] for
meet needs of target children,” and
Economic Co-operation and Development
3.) “Strengthened community
(OECD) found the mean U.S. reading score
engagement to provide a conducive
was second tier, “not significantly different
learning environment for improved
from the OECD average,” and a point
reading skills, particularly for non-
lower than the three-year trend.30 The U.S.
Lao speaking and vulnerable
ranks 22nd in literacy globally, tied with Taiwan,
communities.”22
and trails far behind the top five: Singapore,
The USAID outpost in Bangkok, Hong Kong, Canada, Finland, and Ireland.31
Thailand, has opted to focus the agency’s
In other words, even after millions
efforts on, as it says, “children in the pre-
upon millions of dollars, the government
primary education (pre-primary classrooms
can’t seem to teach English to American
attached to primary schools), and in early grade
kids, but thinks it can use millions more of
classrooms through grade 2 with monitoring of
your money to teach Lao to Laotian kids.

4
 its informational and entertainment
programming.”34
The State Department is spending
Their article was written in context of a
$2,000,000.00 to improve TV
then-recent development in Moldova. On
programming in Moldova
January 10, 2018, more than five months
before the deadline for this grant
There is widespread international application,35 Andrian Candu, acting
agreement that the Moldovan television president of Moldova at the time, approved
industry is not internationally competitive. But a law “ban[ning] most television and radio
apparently the State Department has programs not produced in the European
determined it is worth saving, because it is Union, the US, or Canada, or by the states
devoting $2 million of taxpayers’ money to the that have not ratified the European
effort. Why the State Department would use Convention on Transborder Television,”36
American tax dollars to support direct according to a news report. Radio Free
competition with an American industry is Europe/Radio Liberty has also reported the
beyond us. Nevertheless, it is spending $2 move “effectively bans the rebroadcasting in
million to “increase the quality and Moldova of Russian television programs on
quantity of locally produced content on news, analysis, politics, and military issues.”37
Moldovan television through co- So the Moldovan government is already
productions that expand investment and moving to counteract certain Russian influence
employment in the media space,” according
to a State Department funding notice.32

Countering Russian TV Influence

In theory, the grant is designed in part to

counterbalance Russian-produced television
content shown in Moldova. According to the
State Department, “entertainment content
rebroadcast and/or repackaged from the
Russian Federation continues to maintain a
dominant local position, given its low costs and
Animal welfare activist appearing on Moldova's state-
high quality, when contrasted against primarily owned network, Moldova 1. Photo Credit:
low-quality domestic production of https://megliovivere.com/2018/07/31/appearing-on-
33 moldovan-tv/.
entertainment programs. ...” Citing a 2017
report from the Independent Press Association — without any need for help from the U.S.
(IPA), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty State Department.
reported in February 2018 that the “Russian
media ‘broadcast propaganda messages and A Priority for American Taxpayers?
constantly manipulate public opinion’ both in
With our national debt now exceeding
$22 trillion, and many domestic needs to

5
consider, it simply makes no sense to spend Working college professors, for whom the
American tax dollars on this project, especially classes are designed,42 must be knocking down
since the State Department isn’t just planning doors, asking to be taught how to write grant
to support Moldovan programming; it’s proposals, right? That’s why NSF approved
seeking to build the Moldovan domestic TV this expenditure? Wrong. The NSF is clear
industry from the ground up. the “Summer Course on Grant Writing in
the Social, Behavioral and Economic
The U.S. Embassy in Moldova Sciences (SCG)” is being provided to
acknowledges that the Moldovan TV sector “early-career scientists who ... will be
isn’t viable on its own, with the Embassy recruited to participate.”43
noting the goal of the $2 million grant as being
“to create an environment in the creative The NSF award abstract states the
television content industry which will allow course’s focus as being on “the social,
Moldova’s creative content industry to mature behavioral, and economic (SBE) sciences with
to a level where it can be sustainable. Ideally,” mentorship and training in grant writing.” 44
it continues, “Moldovan production Aims include giving participants “a brief
companies would have the capacity to appreciation of research design …,” along with
conceive, produce, and distribute high-quality “help[ing] [them] locate NSF and other federal
programming and formats within Moldova and research support” agencies, “improv[ing]
abroad.”38 [their] ability to develop and write a
scientifically well-conceived research
Ultimately, this fool’s errand certainly has proposal,” and “promot[ing] the spread of
the makings of a great TV show — one that appropriate, robust scientific research in the
could be a comedy or a tragedy. We’ll have to SBE sciences in underrepresented
stay tuned to find out. communities…,” according to the abstract.45

Just in this edition, The Waste Report has

once again documented instances of
The National Science Foundation government waste through NSF grants. As we
spent $103,777.00 to teach social say elsewhere, this is simply out of our desire
scientists how to apply for grants to see the NSF better use the money
Americans work hard to earn.
In fiscal year 2017, the National Science
We’re not so sure it inspires greater
Foundation awarded $6.2 billion in funding for
confidence for taxpayers to hear the NSF, with
various proposals.39 As part of its review
such a track record, is using more of their
process, the NSF rates proposals on a scale
money to fund training in how to … get even
from zero to five.40 But the NSF must think
more of their money from the NSF.
the quality of the proposals can be improved,
because that year it issued a $103,777 grant to One can only hope that at some point
the University of Mississippi to teach during the program, these social scientists will
“early-career PhDs” how to apply for learn how to be frugal with the taxpayers’
grants.41 money.

6
 Somehow, despite the requirement that
1033 requisitions serve “bona fide law
The Pentagon sent $2,711,255 in enforcement purposes,” Thetford Township
surplus military gear to police in PD managed to accrue nearly 4,000 items
Thetford Township, Michigan from the program,51 including:
(pop. <7,000)
 Four mine detector sets52
Put yourself in the shoes of a police officer  Three hydroseeders53
for a moment. What would you need to do  Two parachutes54
your job? Perhaps a pistol, a bullet-proof vest,  A bounce house55
or a squad car? The chief of police of Thetford  A rock-climbing wall56
Township, Michigan, seems to have had a  A 7-ton forktruck57
more expansive wish list. Ultimately, a  Humvees58
department that serves a population of  Snowshoes59
fewer than 7,000 people46 received  Dive boots60
$2,711,255 worth of surplus military  1,000 kitchen items61
equipment from the Department of  A tractor62
Defense (DOD), according to the Genesee  A riding lawnmower63
County sheriff.47 And that stunning figure
The Pentagon must be facing some
is only part of the story.
unusual challenges if it needs hydroseeders,
So how did such a small town manage to “kitchen items,” a riding lawnmower, and a
amass a small fortune in materiel from DOD? bounce house to defeat our nation’s
adversaries. And who knew that these were
The 1033 Program vital tools of domestic law enforcement, too?!
The criminal element in Thetford
Those seeking answers need only look to
Township must be armed to the teeth if the
the DOD’s 1033 program. The program
police there need mine detectors to keep
allows registered law enforcement
the streets safe!
agencies to receive surplus military
supplies “for bona fide law enforcement The truth of the matter is that Thetford
purposes that assist in their arrest and Township criminals are no more advanced
apprehension mission,” according to the than criminals anywhere else. The DOD
DOD’s Defense Logistics Agency (DLA).48 simply has far too much materiel on its hands
The DLA reports that “[o]ver 8,000 federal and thanks to obscene levels of military spending.
state law enforcement agencies from all 50 The federal government spends more in
states and the U.S. territories participate in the inflation-adjusted dollars on military
program.”49 It also notes these agencies must spending today than it did during our arms
place specific requests, justify them, and get race with the Soviet Union.64 Is the U.S. in
approval from the State Coordinator and Law more danger today than it was in the days of air
Enforcement Support Office.50 raid drills in elementary schools? Not hardly.
But DOD bureaucrats would rather militarize
local police forces with their excess gear than

7
admit they don’t need all the tax money flowing case continues working its way through the
their way. legal system.*69

Small Town, Big Attention Earlier this year, the Federal Spending
Oversight and Emergency Management
It would be one thing if the Thetford Subcommittee wrote to the DOD to ask how
Township PD was using all of the equipment certain items Thetford Township PD acquired
it acquired. But a township audit revealed through the 1033 program were deemed to
that “[t]he police didn’t keep track of what meet the “bona fide law enforcement
they had or what they had given away,” The purposes” requirement, and what safeguards
Detroit News reported.65 The article also noted are in place to prevent future misuse of the
that “nearly a third of the items … were listed program. We will continue to monitor the
as ‘off-site’” in an inventory log created by the situation as we stay vigilant in the battle to
police chief “without giving a specific protect taxpayer resources.
location.”66

The National Science Foundation

spent $649,773.00 to see if STEM
majors benefit from a college
program based on social justice
As the controversy intensified, local news reported on
Thetford Township Supervisor Gary Stevens finding “a What were you asked in your last job
seven-ton piece of military surplus equipment” someone interview? Were you asked about your interest
left in his driveway. Credit: ABC12 News Team:
https://www.abc12.com/content/news/Thetford- in the position and your qualifications for it?
Township-on-hook-for-towing-military-surplus- Probably. Were you asked about your
equipment-police-vote-nixed-489267641.html.
commitment to social justice? Probably not.
Attention to the situation only continued
to grow. In August 2018, news broke that So why did the National Science
the Genesee County sheriff had arrested Foundation (NSF) spend $649,773 to find
the police chief, who was “charged with out whether an undergraduate program
embezzlement and obstruction of justice” based on social justice ideas helps students
stemming from his alleged handling of in science, technology, engineering, and
certain items from the 1033 program.67 The math (STEM) complete their degrees or
following month, a report stated, “Thetford enter STEM professions?70
Township will have to return its federal military
surplus – if it can locate it – to the government, What’s Actually Being Studied?
if there are no other police departments that The taxpayer funds were invested in an
want it.”68 As of this writing, the police chief’s effort to “investigate how impactful a
social justice curriculum is on students’

8
STEM career/higher education choices”71 Cabrini has Justice Matters, a curriculum it
that would “also examine the way in which a describes as “develop[ing] a common core of
mentoring program with specifically defined knowledge and connect[ing] the theory and
activities contributes to student success.”72 practice of social justice to each student’s
major.”79 So Cabrini University has issued
Cabrini University, a liberal arts NSF funds to 16 incoming STEM students,
institution in Pennsylvania, is who would already have to go through the
implementing an “ambitious plan ... based Justice Matters core curriculum in order to
on the hypothesis that engaging the … graduate,80 and enrolled them in a
scholars in STEM learning and career “specialized”81 program (“Science Scholars
exposure through a framework of social for Social Justice”82). It will then track how
justice will help to secure their retention to many of them go on to complete a degree
graduation and placement in graduate or and how many enter professions in their
professional positions in STEM fields.”73 fields of study83 — which is something
But manifestly, through NSF, most college alumni offices do anyway.
taxpayers financed 16 need-based The funds this project spends on 16
scholarships of “up to $8,000/year for four students at one liberal arts college exceed
years ($32,000 [total per student])”74 to the combined federal income tax burden of
Cabrini University for “low income biology 77 middle-income Americans.84 The NSF
and chemistry majors”75 (one cohort in fall owes American taxpayers an explanation as to
2017 and another in fall 201876). why it thought this was a good use of those
The abstract lists “[a]cademic and social hard-earned tax dollars.
support activities for the scholars” as
“includ[ing] (a) cohort-based learning
communities, (b) peer and faculty mentoring,
The National Science Foundation
and (c) early and consistent research
spent $49,990.00 on one week of
experiences via course-based research and
summer school for grad students
other more traditional student faculty
collaborations.”77 It also notes “[t]he project is
anchored in Cabrini College’s [now University] NSF grants are, unfortunately, a frequent
Justice Matters core curriculum, which ... topic of The Waste Report. This is out of no ill
[integrates] civic and social responsibility into will toward the NSF, but out of a wish to see it
student learning.”78 stop frittering away the American taxpayers’
money on frivolous projects that don’t advance
What exactly is the Justice Matters our national interests.
curriculum, you ask?
Unfortunately, the NSF has not heeded
Cabrini University and Justice our call, instead giving the University of
Matters Southern California (USC) $49,990 to put
Whereas some colleges have core on a six-day85 “intensive and interactive
academic requirements based on subject areas, educational experience [for] graduate

9
students who are interested in studying One: Decide to reject wasteful grants like this
decision making in the context of one.
engineering design and systems
engineering ... from graduate programs
that do not have appropriate coursework in
this area.”86 The abstract outlined a program
including “social events ... [to] enable students The National Institute of Food
to develop their networking skills” and said and Agriculture spent
that “[t]ravel and participation $128,054.00 on six
scholarships [would] serve to ensure a undergraduate food marketing
broad participation that maximizes course modules
community impact.”87
There is an oft-repeated, yet misleading,
At the time the award was granted, claim that “[m]ore than twenty-three million
researchers claimed that “the summer school Americans live in ‘food deserts,’ low-income
will have a broad impact in the research communities with only limited access to
community, including other NSF- healthy and nutritious foods.”93
supported research projects, by advancing
training and standards in this area of Former First Lady Michelle Obama’s
research.”88 If the NSF was persuaded that “Let’s Move!” campaign popularized this idea,
paying for 20 students89 to attend a six-day saying that “[i]f we don't solve [the] problem
conference would have a “broad impact,” one [of childhood obesity], one third of all children
can only guess what they would think a born in 2000 or later will suffer from diabetes
program of narrow impact looks like. at some point in their lives. Many others will
face chronic obesity-related health problems
One can certainly understand the benefits like heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer,
USC is reaping from NSF support, but what and asthma.”94 As part of this push to combat
about the American taxpayer? In the past, NSF childhood obesity, the “Let’s Move!” campaign
funds totaling over $331,608,950 have been took aim at food deserts.95
used on absurd projects, The Waste Report has
found, including studies about the betting The National Institute of Food and
habits of entrepreneurs in Uganda,90 Agriculture (NIFA), part of the U.S.
winemaking programs at community colleges,91 Department of Agriculture (USDA),
how to make tomatoes taste better,92 and many jumped on the bandwagon, issuing a
more. Meanwhile, the United States is $22 $128,054 grant to Saint Joseph’s University
trillion in debt. (SJU) to, according to the grant,
“transform food marketing education by
It appears The Waste Report will have to creating a series of six … undergraduate
offer our intensive and interactive educational course modules designed to integrate
experience about decision-making to the NSF social justice education and research
employees who approved this grant. Lesson training to identify and address the unmet

10
food needs of urban residents living in food In other words, “social justice education
deserts.”96 and research training” does not account for
taste buds, and even if you make healthy food
Too Convenient to be True available to shoppers, you can’t decide
somebody else’s personal preferences for
But even during the early Obama years,
them.
not everyone was convinced about the
underlying assumption. A piece in 2010 argued
that “our [society’s] take on the obesity
issue at hand cannot be that sugary and
high-fat food is always the only food that is
available to poor people within walking
distance. It simply isn't true.”97 Even if we
“make sure all poor people live three blocks or
fewer from a supermarket,” the writer
contended, “we will see a problem continue.”98
Though they make for a convenient narrative, common
Few publications were more sympathetic
assumptions about food deserts are unsupported by the
to the Obama administration than the left- facts. Photo Credit: elvissa,
leaning online magazine Slate, yet even it https://www.flickr.com/photos/elvissa/822691369/sizes
published a piece in 2014 saying that “before /m/
Obama’s Healthy Food Financing License information:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Initiative was announced in 2010, studies
SJU justified the grant, which works out to
suggested that the food desert explanation
a cost of $21,342.33 per academic unit, by
for obesity wasn’t right.”99
asserting that a “lack of appropriate academic
Yet government rushed in, because it preparation is resulting in a growing shortage
can just use someone else’s money – yours. of qualified supermarket managers”102 to deal
with what they thought was the issue and
As the Slate article noted, “It’s easy to stating that the “project's intended
understand why Michelle Obama and other beneficiaries are undergraduate food marketing
influential figures have promoted fresh food students who represent tomorrow's food
initiatives: Bringing a bounty of fresh produce industry leaders.”103
to impoverished ‘food deserts’ is a lovely idea.
But the idea isn’t borne out by evidence.”100 But if students rely on false premises
about the food industry, they will find
The point has continued to find even themselves woefully unqualified to join it,
more backing since then. As one example, in much less to lead it.
2015, a National Bureau of Economic
Research (NBER) report would conclude that
“healthfulness of household consumption
responds minimally to improvements in local
retail environments.”101

11
1
FSO Correspondence with Department of the 17
National Science Foundation, “At a Glance.”
Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. September, 2017. National Science Foundation, 2019.
2
“Acquisitions Under the Buy Indian Act.” U.S. https://www.nsf.gov/about/glance.jsp.
18
Department of the Interior, 2019. National Institutes of Health, Grant #K01-HD-
http://farsite.hill.af.mil/reghtml/regs/other/diar/1480. 079554, http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/K01-
htm#P68_10388. HD079554-01; National Science Foundation, Award
3
“Indian Affairs Manual.” U.S. Department of the #DMS-1107796
Interior, 2019. https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD
https://www.bia.gov/sites/bia.gov/files/assets/public/r _ID=1107796; National Science Foundation, Award
aca/manual/pdf/idc2-044213.pdf. #1407207
4
“The Buy Indian Opportunity.” U.S. Department of https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD
the Interior, 2019. _ID=1407207.
https://www.bia.gov/sites/bia.gov/files/assets/as- While the author might have used a portion of the
ia/ieed/Primer%20on%20Buy%20Indian%20Act%20 funds for other studies, due to a lack of transparency
508%20Compliant%202.6.18%28Reload%29.pdf. in spending breakdown, we can ascertain a majority
5
Ibid. of the published research was to study dating app
6
“Acquisitions Under the Buy Indian Act.” U.S. user habits, though the exact percentage above a
Department of the Interior, 2019. majority is unclear.
http://farsite.hill.af.mil/reghtml/regs/other/diar/1480. 19
Salam, Maya, “For Online Daters, Women Peak at
htm#P68_10388. 18 While Men Peak at 50, Study Finds. Oy.” The
7
“Federal Acquisition Regulation.” General Services New York Times, April 15, 2018.
Administration, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/15/style/dating-
https://www.acquisition.gov/browsefar# . apps-online-men-women-age.html
8 20
U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Federal Spending Bruch, Elizabeth E. and M.E.J. Newman,
Oversight and Emergency Management, “Dr. Rand “Aspirational Pursuit of Mates in Online Dating
Paul Uncovers $15.6 Million Spent on Free Markets.” Science Advances, August 8, 2018.
Community College for Foreign Students.” U.S. http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/8/eaap9815
Senate Subcommittee on Federal Spending Oversight .
21
and Emergency Management, October 26, 2015. Bruch, Elizabeth E., Feinberg, F., and Lee KY.
https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/fso/me “Extracting multistage screening rules from online
dia/dr-rand-paul-uncovers-156-million-spent-on-free- dating activity data.” U.S. National Institutes of
community-college-for-foreign-students- . Health, August 30, 2016.
9
U.S. Department of State, “Community College https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5035
Initiative Program.” Bureau of Educational and 909/.
22
Cultural Affairs, 2019. U.S. Agency for International Development
https://exchanges.state.gov/non- Funding Opportunity # 72048618RFA00005.
us/program/community-college-initiative-program. https://s3-us-west-
10
U.S. Department of State, Funding Opportunity 2.amazonaws.com/instrumentl/grantsgov/303094.pdf.
23
#SFOP0005473. Ibid.
24
https://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/cci_2019_nofo.pdf . Ibid.
11 25
Ibid. Ibid.
12
Ibid. 26
“U.S. Adult Literacy Facts.” ProLiteracy, 2016.
13
Ibid. https://proliteracy.org/Portals/0/pdf/PL_AdultLitFact
14
Ibid. s_US_flyer.pdf?ver=2016-05-06-145137-067.
15
“Average Community College Cost” Community 27
U.S. Census Bureau, “Quick Facts: New Jersey.”
College Review, 2018. U.S. Census Bureau, 2018.
https://www.communitycollegereview.com/avg- https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/nj.
tuition-stats/national-data. 28
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, “The World
16
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Factbook: Laos.” U.S. Central Intelligence Agency,
Health and Human Development, “About NICHD.” 2019. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
National Institutes of Health, 2019. world-factbook/geos/la.html.
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/about.

12
 46
U.S. Census Bureau, “QuickFacts: Thetford
29
Literacy New Jersey, “2016-2017 Statistical Township, Genesee County, Michigan.” U.S. Census
Report.” Literacy New Jersey, 2017. Bureau, 2018.
https://literacynj.org/files/reportspublications/lnjafflia https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/thetfordtownship
te2017stats.pdf. geneseecountymichigan.
30
Programme for International Student Assessment,
47
Nadolski, Kate and Ashlyn Hill, “Local Police
“Results in Focus.” Programme for International Chief Suspended Without Pay After Charged with
Student Assessment, 2015. Embezzlement.” WNEM5, August 22, 2018.
https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results-in- https://www.wnem.com/news/local-police-chief-
focus.pdf. suspended-without-pay-after-charged-with-
31
Ibid. embezzlement/article_7b2607c9-9f65-5c1c-ba73-
32
U.S. Embassy in Moldova, Funding Opportunity 05c713d3497b.html.
#PAS-CHISINAU-FY18-08. U.S. State Department.
48
Defense Logistics Agency, “1033 Program FAQs.”
https://md.usembassy.gov/funding-opportunity- U.S. Department of Defense, 2019.
television-content-fund-program/. http://www.dla.mil/DispositionServices/Offers/Reutil
33
Ibid. ization/LawEnforcement/ProgramFAQs.aspx.
49
34
Barbarosie, Liliana and Coalson, Robert, “Banning Ibid.
50
Russian TV, Moldova Is Latest Hot Spot Fighting Ibid.
Kremlin Disinformation.”
51
Nadolski, Kate and Ashlyn Hill, “Local Police
RadioFreeEuropeRadioLiberty, February 1, 2018. Chief Suspended Without Pay After Charged with
https://www.rferl.org/a/moldova-bans-reussian-tv- Embezzlement.” WNEM5, August 22, 2018.
kremlin-disinformation/29013217.html. https://www.wnem.com/news/local-police-chief-
35
.S. Embassy in Moldova, Funding Opportunity suspended-without-pay-after-charged-with-
#PAS-CHISINAU-FY18-08. U.S. State Department. embezzlement/article_7b2607c9-9f65-5c1c-ba73-
https://md.usembassy.gov/funding-opportunity- 05c713d3497b.html.
52
television-content-fund-program/. Ibid.
53
36
Necsutu, Madalin, “Duma Slates Moldova’s Ban Ibid.
54
on Russian TV Shows.” BalkanInsight, January 19, Ibid.
2018.
55
Samilton, Tracy, “Thetford Township Police Chief
http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/russian- Arrested for Alleged Embezzlement from Military
duma-reacts-to-moldova-anti-propaganda-law-01-19- Surplus Program.” Michigan Radio, August 23, 2018.
2018 https://www.michiganradio.org/post/thetford-
37
RFE/RL’s Moldovan Service, “Moldovan township-police-chief-arrested-alleged-
Parliament Speaker Passes Law Against Russian embezzlement-military-surplus-program.
Propaganda.” RadioFreeEuropeRadioLiberty,
56
Nadolski, Kate and Ashlyn Hill, “Local Police
January 10, 2018. https://www.rferl.org/a/moldova- Chief Suspended Without Pay After Charged with
parliament-speaker-approves-russia-media- Embezzlement.” WNEM5, August 22, 2018.
law/28966975.html. https://www.wnem.com/news/local-police-chief-
38
U.S. Embassy in Moldova, Funding Opportunity suspended-without-pay-after-charged-with-
#PAS-CHISINAU-FY18-08. U.S. State Department. embezzlement/article_7b2607c9-9f65-5c1c-ba73-
https://md.usembassy.gov/funding-opportunity- 05c713d3497b.html.
television-content-fund-program/.
57
Samilton, Tracy, “Thetford Township Police Chief
39
FSO Staff Briefing with the National Science Arrested for Alleged Embezzlement from Military
Foundation, September 18, 2018. Surplus Program.” Michigan Radio, August 23, 2018.
40
Ibid. https://www.michiganradio.org/post/thetford-
41
National Science Foundation Award #1719500, township-police-chief-arrested-alleged-
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD embezzlement-military-surplus-program.
_ID=1719500&HistoricalAwards=false.
58
Donnelly, Francis X., “Michigan Town’s Feud
42
National Science Foundation, “Passion. over Military Gear Gets Ugly.” The Detroit News,
Experience. Success.” National Science Foundation. April 17, 2018.
https://scginfo.org/about. https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michi
43
National Science Foundation Award #1719500, gan/2018/04/17/thetford-military-gear-
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD favored/33904881/.
_ID=1719500&HistoricalAwards=false.
59
Nadolski, Kate and Ashlyn Hill, “Local Police
44
Ibid. Chief Suspended Without Pay After Charged with
45
Ibid. Embezzlement.” WNEM5, August 22, 2018.

13
https://www.wnem.com/news/local-police-chief- The Genesee County Prosecutor’s Office has filed an
suspended-without-pay-after-charged-with- appeal of this ruling, which remains pending. FSO
embezzlement/article_7b2607c9-9f65-5c1c-ba73- Staff phone call with the Genesee County
05c713d3497b.html. Prosecutor’s Office, December 11, 2019.
70
60
Donnelly, Francis X., “Michigan Town’s Feud National Science Foundation Award #1564608,
over Military Gear Gets Ugly.” The Detroit News, https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1
April 17, 2018. 564608&HistoricalAwards=false.
71
https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michi Ibid.
72
gan/2018/04/17/thetford-military-gear- Ibid.
73
favored/33904881/. National Science Foundation Award #1564608,
61
Adams, Dominic, “Thetford Township Officials https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1
May Face Recall over Military Surplus Spat.” 564608&HistoricalAwards=false.
MLive.com, December 24, 2017.
74
Cabrini University, “Need-Based Scholarships and
http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2017/12/t Grants.” Cabrini University,
hetford_township_officials_ma.html. https://www.cabrini.edu/about/departments/financial-
62
Nadolski, Kate and Ashlyn Hill, “Local Police aid/scholarships-and-grants/need-based-scholarships-
Chief Suspended Without Pay After Charged with -grants.
75
Embezzlement.” WNEM5, August 22, 2018. National Science Foundation Award #1564608,
https://www.wnem.com/news/local-police-chief- https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1
suspended-without-pay-after-charged-with- 564608&HistoricalAwards=false.
embezzlement/article_7b2607c9-9f65-5c1c-ba73-
76
Cabrini University, “Need-Based Scholarships and
05c713d3497b.html. Grants.” Cabrini University,
63
Donnelly, Francis X., “Michigan Town’s Feud https://www.cabrini.edu/about/departments/financial-
over Military Gear Gets Ugly.” The Detroit News, aid/scholarships-and-grants/need-based-scholarships-
April 17, 2018. -grants.
77
https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michi National Science Foundation Award #1564608,
gan/2018/04/17/thetford-military-gear- https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1
favored/33904881/. 564608&HistoricalAwards=false.
78
64
Office of Management and Budget “Table 8.8.” Ibid.
Office of Management and Budget, 2019.
79
Cabrini University, “Justice Matters: Cabrini’s
https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/historical-tables/. Core Curriculum.” Cabrini University, 2019.
65
Donnelly, Francis X., “Michigan Town’s Feud https://www.cabrini.edu/undergraduate/programs/just
over Military Gear Gets Ugly.” The Detroit News, ice-matters-core-curriculum.
April 17, 2018.
80
Cabrini University “Undergraduate Catalog”
https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michi Cabrini University, 2018-2019, p. 95.
gan/2018/04/17/thetford-military-gear- https://www.cabrini.edu/globalassets/pdfs-
favored/33904881/. website/academic-affairs/catalogs/undergraduate-
66
Ibid. catalog-2018-19.pdf.
67
Hardmon, Cheri, “Sheriff: Thetford Township
81
Cabrini University, “First Class of Students Begin
Police Chief Sold Military Equipment, Pocketed Science Scholar Program.” Cabrini University,
$1,779.” ABC12, August 23, 2018. October 26, 2017,
https://www.abc12.com/content/news/Sheriff- https://www.cabrini.edu/about/media-
Thetford-Township-police-chief-sold-military- hub/news/2017/sssj-program.
82
equipment-pocketed-money-491562941.html. Ibid.
83
68
Samilton, Tracy, “Thetford Township has to National Science Foundation Award #1564608,
Return its Military Surplus After Police Chief https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1
Arrest.” MichiganRadio, September 11, 2018. 564608&HistoricalAwards=false.
https://www.michiganradio.org/post/thetford-
84
Frankel, Matthew, “How Much Does the Average
township-has-return-its-military-surplus-after-police- American Pay in Taxes?” The Motley Fool, April 22,
chief-arrest. 2018, https://www.fool.com/taxes/2018/04/22/how-
69
* Subsequently to the Spring 2019 publication, a much-does-the-average-american-pay-in-taxes.aspx.
85
Genesee County judge ordered charges against the University of Southern California Neely Center,
police chief dismissed for lack of evidence. ABC12 “NSF Sponsors Neely Center Summer School on
News Team, “Thetford Police Chief Cleared of Decision Making in Large Systems.” University of
Embezzlement, Obstruction Charges.” ABC12, Southern California, November 8, 2017.
September 9, 2019. (continued).
14
 94
Let’s Move! “Learn the Facts.” Obama White
http://decide.usc.edu/content/nsf-sponsors-neely- House Archives, 2019.
center-summer-school-decision-making-large- https://letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/learn
systems. -facts/epidemic-childhood-obesity.
86
National Science Foundation Award #1751340,
95
White House Blog, “Taking on ‘Food Deserts.’”
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD Obama White House Archives, 2019.
_ID=1751340&HistoricalAwards=false. https://letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/
87
Ibid. 2010/02/24/taking-food-deserts.
96
88
Ibid. NIFA Project #2011-38411-31016,
89
University of Southern California Neely Center, https://federalreporter.nih.gov/Projects/Details/?proje
“NSF Sponsors Neely Center Summer School on ctId=579406&ItemNum=2&totalItems=2&searchId=
Decision Making in Large Systems.” University of b8ad34eca70a415e97466f31ec9b8e6d&searchMode=
Southern California, November 8, 2017. Advanced&resultType=projects&page=1&pageSize=
http://decide.usc.edu/content/nsf-sponsors-neely- 100&sortField=ContactPiLastName&sortOrder=asc
center-summer-school-decision-making-large- &filters=$Fy;2011$SmOrgName;ST%20JOSEPH%2
systems. 7S%20UNIVERSITY$OrgState;PA&navigation=Tru
90
U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Federal Spending e
Oversight and Emergency Management, “Sen. Rand
97
McWhorter, John, “The Root: The Myth of the
Paul Highlights $30,000 NSF Study on Ugandan Food Desert.” National Public Radio, December 15,
Sports Gambling in Latest Edition of ‘The Waste 2010.
Report.’” U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Federal https://www.npr.org/2010/12/15/132076786/the-root-
Spending Oversight and Emergency Management, the-myth-of-the-food-desert.
98
February 16, 2016. Ibid.
https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/fso/me
99
Gilligan, Heather Tirado, “Food Deserts Aren’t the
dia/sen-rand-paul-highlights-30000-nsf-study-on- Problem: Getting Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Into
ugandan-sports-gambling-in-latest-edition-of-the- Low-Income Neighborhoods Doesn’t Make Poor
waste-report. People Healthier.” Slate, February 10, 2014.
91
U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Federal Spending https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/02/food-
Oversight and Emergency Management, “Sen. Rand deserts-and-fresh-food-access-arent-the-problem-
Paul Releases Newest Edition of ‘The Waste poverty-not-obesity-makes-people-sick.html.
100
Report.’” U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Federal Ibid.
101
Spending Oversight and Emergency Management, Hnadbury, Jessie, Ilya Rahkovsky and Molly
June 15, 2015. Schnell, “Is the Focus on Food Deserts Fruitless?
https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/media/sen-rand-paul- Retail Access and Food Purchases Across the
releases-newest-edition-of-the-waste-report-. Socioeconomic Spectrum.” National Bureau of
92
U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Federal Spending Economic Research, April 2015.
Oversight and Emergency Management, “The Waste https://www.nber.org/papers/w21126.pdf.
Report: You Say Tomato, I Say Waste.” U.S. Senate © 2015 by Jessie Handbury, Ilya Rahkovsky, and
Subcommittee on Federal Spending Oversight and Molly Schnell. All rights reserved.
102
Emergency Management, March 31, 2017. National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant
https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/subcommittees/fso/me #2011-38411-31016,
dia/you-say-tomato-i-say-waste. https://federalreporter.nih.gov/Projects/Details/?proje
93
National Institute of Food and Agriculture Grant ctId=579406&ItemNum=2&totalItems=2&searchId=
#2011-38411-31016, b8ad34eca70a415e97466f31ec9b8e6d&searchMode=
https://federalreporter.nih.gov/Projects/Details/?proje Advanced&resultType=projects&page=1&pageSize=
ctId=579406&ItemNum=2&totalItems=2&searchId= 100&sortField=ContactPiLastName&sortOrder=asc
b8ad34eca70a415e97466f31ec9b8e6d&searchMode= &filters=$Fy;2011$SmOrgName;ST%20JOSEPH%2
Advanced&resultType=projects&page=1&pageSize= 7S%20UNIVERSITY$OrgState;PA&navigation=Tru
100&sortField=ContactPiLastName&sortOrder=asc e
103
&filters=$Fy;2011$SmOrgName;ST%20JOSEPH%2 Ibid.
7S%20UNIVERSITY$OrgState;PA&navigation=Tru
e

15
THE SUMMER 2019 FROG
MATING

WASTE CALLS!

REPORT!
$466,991

INCREASING
TRUST IN
TUNISIAN
POLITICS!

THENEWS
T E ST
LA ON MENT $2,000,000
V E RN E!
GO WAST
ABANDONED
"GREEN MENTAL
HOSPITALS!
GROWTH" IN
PERU!
$10,000,000
$2,120,040,355
The federal government wasted Americans’ tax dollars as it...

 Attempted to increase trust between Tunisian political parties and citizens (State) .......... $2,000,000

 Converted an abandoned mental hospital into DHS HQ (GSA and DHS) .......... $2,120,040,355.35

 Supported “Green Growth” in Peru (USAID) .................................................................... $10,000,000

 Fixed vehicles New York City falsely claimed Superstorm Sandy damaged (FEMA) ….. $5,303,624

 Increased the capacity of the Pakistani film industry (State) …………………………..... $100,000

 Paid out billions from Medicare in improper payments (CMS) ………………..… $48,000,000,000

 Taught English and IT skills at Madrassas (State) ..................................................................... $150,000

 Studied frog mating calls in Panama (NSF) …………………………………………….. $466,991

 Paid for Google Scholar searches in Hawaii (NSF, NOAA, USFS, DOI, NASA) …… $51,722,107

 Paid for property confiscated in Afghanistan by the ANDSF (USACE) …........................ $325,485

____________________________________

TAXPAYER DOLLARS WASTED: $50,190,108,562.35

 According to Gallup data, since
roughly 2005, a majority of Americans have
State is spending up to believed the two major U.S. political
$2,000,000.00 to strengthen parties are doing an inadequate job.5
democracy in Tunisia
Despite established party platforms and
Tunisia gained its independence in 1956 regular elections in which citizens and
from France, after which autocrat Habib organizations can hold politicians and parties
Bourguiba governed the country from 1957 to accountable, Americans are clearly lacking faith
1987, before being removed in a bloodless in our political parties. What makes the State
coup led by another autocrat, Zine El Abidine Department believe Tunisians will have faith in
Ben Ali.1 During the 2011 Jasmine Revolution, theirs if they adopt American characteristics
Ben Ali was exiled to Saudi Arabia.2 But when even Americans lack faith in the two
despite the ouster of Ben Ali, Tunisia has never parties?
had strong republican roots. Nevertheless, the
Nation-Building Does Not Work
State Department believes it should use your
tax dollars to tinker with the civic processes in The U.S. taxpayer has funded many
a culture where self-determination has not attempts at nation-building in recent years – in
been the norm. That is why it is spending up Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya, just to name a
to $2 million “to strengthen democratic few. In each instance, U.S. blood and treasure
institutions and processes in Tunisia by have been spent in an ultimately failed effort to
increasing trust between political parties remake countries in our image. Do not
and citizens.”3 misread us – the U.S. political system is far and
away the best in the world, with more than 200
Support for Political Parties at Home
years of bloodless transfers of power to back it
and Abroad up. But that does not mean we can simply
Toward this end, the grantee will be impose our Jeffersonian ideals on other
responsible for goals including helping the countries.
Tunisian political parties build According to the State Department, the
“responsive” party platforms and U.S. has spent over $1.4 billion in Tunisia
“develop[ing] mechanisms for citizens and following the Jasmine Revolution on efforts
selected civil society organizations to hold “focus[ing] on an array of targeted areas that
political parties accountable for their include ensuring and enhancing internal and
performance, behavior, and use of external security, promoting democratic
resources.”4 While the State Department is practices and good governance, and supporting
paying to try to get Tunisians to have faith in sustainable economic growth.”6 What makes
their political parties, American taxpayers have State believe $2 million more will succeed
largely lost faith in the two major American where $1.4 billion has failed?
political parties.

1
 questions as to why the agencies selected the
site in the first place. First – the slope on
DHS and GSA have spent which they are building the site is
$2,120,040,355.35 trying to turn unstable.13 Federal Spending Oversight
an abandoned mental hospital Subcommittee staff requested information
into a new DHS headquarters regarding what percentage of the site is
unstable. GSA responded that the entirety
St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, of the site was not unstable, but up to 30
D.C., has a long history. Congress created the percent was subject to “anticipated slope
hospital as the Government Hospital for the instabilities.”14
Insane in 1855.7 During the Civil War, it
served as a general hospital, at which time, Because the entire site is an historical
according to a D.C. government website, landmark, GSA has had to work around D.C.
“[w]ounded soldiers … were reluctant to admit preservation regulations, including maintaining
that they were housed in an insane asylum, and the exterior façade of key buildings. 15 So when
instead referred to their location as ‘St. GSA and DHS gutted the interior of the
Elizabeths,’” which was “the name given to the buildings, they kept the exteriors intact to use
original 600-acre tract of land. …’”8 as shells for newly constructed buildings within
Eventually, tenants totally abandoned the West the walls of the originals.16 In 2010, GSA
Campus, while a mental hospital remains on learned the buildings lacked adequate
the East Campus.9

But in recent years, government waste has

entered the story. The General Services
Administration (GSA) and Department of
Homeland Security (DHS) have been
attempting, since 2005 and at a cost of
more than $2.1 billion to the taxpayer,10 to
establish a headquarters for DHS on parts
of the property.11 This effort includes creating
office space for the Office of Secretary of
Homeland Security and other crucial senior
personnel in the West Campus’ main
building.12

If you want to turn an historical mental

institution into a high-tech and secure
government facility, you will face a multitude
of problems along the way.
Photo of a hallway in the main DHS facility at St.
Elizabeths. Each door leads to an office that used to be a
The problems DHS and GSA have faced
bedroom in the mental hospital. Photo Credit: FSO Staff
are particularly fundamental, which raises

2
foundations, and some were literally sinking considers DHS and GSA considered roughly
into the ground.17 In sum, GSA has spent 12 other sites for their headquarters, instead
$305 million on “adaptive re-use,” or, in choosing a site with historical, environmental,
other words, maintaining the historical and geological issues.23
facets of the buildings to conform to
historical preservation requirements.18 Even worse? After investing so
exorbitant a sum on adaptive re-use, GSA
Meanwhile, there are portions of the site and DHS are reportedly largely chucking
which are “restricted for development” due to the model and “proposing to demolish at
historical and environmental concerns.19 GSA least five of the historic buildings.”24
and DHS have also agreed other portions of
the site – inside the secure perimeter – must Though certain components of DHS,
remain open to the public.20 The such as the Coast Guard’s headquarters25 and
surrounding community will maintain the Office of the Secretary of Homeland
access to the site, albeit on a limited and Security, 26 have finally transferred there, the
supervised basis, to visit a hilltop from American people are expected to spend
which community members traditionally millions more in a project that has become a
watch Fourth of July fireworks, visit the textbook example of poor government
cemetery on site, and use an auditorium.21 planning – and that is now projected to last
until 2026.27 Rest assured there will be
legislative action taken to ensure this
boondoggle does not continue to waste
taxpayer dollars.

USAID is committing “up to”

$10,000,000.00 on “green growth”
in Peru
Photo of the auditorium on site at St. Elizabeths. Despite
being inside the secure perimeter, the public will In March 2019, the U.S. Senate
maintain access to it after DHS moves into the facility. unanimously rejected a suite of policies,
Photo Credit: FSO Staff
dubbed the “Green New Deal,” proposed by
If there were not enough problems with
Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-
the physical site itself, DHS has also spent
NY) and Senator Ed Markey (D-MA), which
significant sums recreating the interior
proponents claim will support “green growth”
architecture down to the crown moldings,
in the United States. By a vote of 0-57, with 43
carvings, and other intricacies of interior
Senate Democrats, including every Democrat
design.22
senator running for President of the United
The decision to use St. Elizabeths States, abstaining in “protest,”28 the
Hospital, in light of all of these concerns, representatives of the American people
becomes even more starkly acute when one roundly rejected these policies.29 Whereas
every senator, Republican and Democrat,

3
refused to support the policies on the record, heavy, as Superstorm Sandy cut its tragic path
(perhaps recognizing the devastating damage of devastation at the end of the month. Fast
implementation would do to the American job forward to 2019 and Sandy is still in the
market and larger economy), Green New Deal headlines, this time as part of yet another story
bureaucrats at the U.S. Agency for of fraud and abuse undermining the best of
International Development (USAID) intentions with the American people’s money.
apparently feel some sympathy for them. How
else can one explain the agency spending In a proposed settlement in a lawsuit,
$10 million to develop “Green Growth in New York City agreed to repay $5,303,624
Peru”?30 in Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) assistance for filing false
That’s right! USAID is committing “up claims regarding certain vehicles the storm
to” 10 million American taxpayer dollars supposedly damaged.33
“to develop new and innovative alliances
with the private sector that advance “Specifically,” according to the Justice
environmentally-friendly economic Department press release earlier this year, “the
development (i.e. green growth) in City will make a cash payment of $4,126,227.34
Peru..”31 They add, “The envisioned activities and relinquish rights to an additional
will facilitate private sector financing and $1,177,396.66 that FEMA had previously
investment in value chains that lead to approved for disbursement.”34
improved management of natural resources The problems began when the New York
and a reduction of GHG [greenhouse gas] City Department of Transportation (NYC
emissions.”32 DOT) submitted a list of claims to FEMA for
It wasn’t enough for the federal a total of $12,758,664 in reimbursement for
government to waste taxpayer funds on vehicles, all of which it claimed were damaged
boondoggles such as Solyndra. Now it wants by the storm.35 However, “many of the
to go abroad and do the same! vehicles” instead were already “non-
operational—and some had even been
marked for salvage—years before Sandy,”
the federal government stated in its
New York City agreed to repay
complaint.36 The government also made it
$5,303,624.00 after receiving clear that proper oversight was ignored every
federal money to fix junked step of the way.37
vehicles it claimed were damaged
It turns out, according to the federal
by Superstorm Sandy
government, that an NYC DOT employee
even brought the problem up, informing a
Think back to October 2012. On the
Deputy Commissioner shortly after the
lighter side, the Baltimore Ravens were on their
City made its initial request that it had
way to winning the Super Bowl, and the San
included vehicles it should not have
Francisco Giants swept the Detroit Tigers to
submitted.38 In its complaint, the federal
win the World Series. But hearts were also
government claimed the City employee

4
mentioned certain vehicles were the same But lucky for a handful of Pakistani
ones NYC DOT had years before told the filmmakers, the State Department is
NYPD “were sitting under the highway in spending up to $100,000 to “[e]xpand and
the dump for seven years ... being pick[ed] strengthen” Pakistan’s film industry by
apart by vandals stealing brass fittings, teaching “aspiring filmmakers” how to
copper wire harnesses and anything else write screenplays and make films.43
they could sell for scrap.”39
The grantee organization will “[d]evelop a
Despite this revelation, only when the short film competition with a minimum of fifty
NYC DOT found out the U.S. Attorney for (50) aspiring filmmakers and film or media
the Southern District of New York began students from undergraduate and graduate film
investigating did it start to come clean.40 and media programs at universities across
Sindh and Baluchistan … on themes of
Amazingly, it required multiple revisions of ‘strength in diversity’ and ‘women’s
the list the NYC DOT sent to FEMA to empowerment.’”44
remove all false claims.41
The lucky aspiring filmmakers and film
This is not the first discussion regarding students will benefit from the State
the federal government, waste, and Sandy Department flying an American filmmaker
recovery money, and surely it will not be the to Pakistan to put on “two (2)
last.42 Such stories are vivid reminders of the masterclasses on screenwriting and
strict vigilance needed to ensure that when the filmmaking…”45 This American also “may
federal government authorizes huge sums of partner with the Karachi Film Society (KFS),
taxpayer money for disaster relief, the disasters the parent body of the Pakistan International
are limited to the natural ones to which it Film Festival (PIFF), or a similar organization”
means to respond. to help train select Festival participants
through multiple workshops focusing on the
technical aspects of the trade.46
State is spending up to
$100,000.00 to increase the The organization will be required to
facilitate tickets to the Festival awards for those
capacity of the Pakistani film
participating in the grantee’s short film
industry competition, as well as help them boost their
connections while there.47 According to the
People say that show business is one of
Festival’s website, it “aims to be the largest film
the hardest industries into which to break.
festival in Pakistan,” with a goal of “creat[ing]
Filmmakers, producers, directors, writers, and
a unique platform which promotes both
actors often struggle in anonymity for years or
Pakistani cinema and Pakistani filmmakers by
decades before finally writing the hit, getting
showcasing their films to diverse international
the role, or having that one idea that will
audiences.”48 Finally, the grantee will help
slingshot them to fame and fortune.
maximize media coverage of the American’s

5
participation at the Festival and assistance to Inspector General (HHS OIG) and other
Pakistani filmmakers.49 investigators closed in, with 24 individuals
ultimately charged.52
With the State Department going to such
lengths to spend Americans’ tax dollars on In its announcement about the
supporting Pakistani filmmakers, one might investigation, the Justice Department alleged a
assume the industry is flailing. It is not. The wide-ranging, international scheme they said
State Department itself admits that “Pakistan’s included Medicare paying for orthopedic
film industry is growing dramatically.”50 braces doctors prescribed “either without
any patient interaction or with only a brief
If the industry is growing telephonic conversation with patients they
“dramatically” and offering more had never met or seen.”53 To make matters
opportunities to Pakistani filmmakers than worse, some received braces they did not want,
ever before, why do Pakistanis need NBC News reported, adding that prosecutors
American tax dollars to further build its noted this “could disqualify them from
capacity? Why are Americans responsible for receiving a brace under Medicare if they need
paying to make Pakistani films better? Simply one in the future.”54 The Justice Department
put, Americans are not responsible, but their also alleged money was “laundered
State Department is intent on wasting their through international shell corporations,”
hard-earned money anyway. before being spent on “exotic automobiles,
yachts and luxury real estate in the United
States and abroad.”55
Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid paid $48,000,000,000.00 Unfortunately, this is hardly the only case
where it appears the Centers for Medicare and
in improper payments in Fiscal
Medicaid (CMS) made improper payments. In
Year 2018 – paid over Fiscal Year 2018 alone, CMS is estimated to
$900,000,000.00 in one alleged have paid $48 billion in improper
wide-ranging, multi-year scheme payments.56 This is not any secret, either.
CMS’s propensity to make improper payments
When it comes to federal programs, in part forced the Government Accountability
Medicare ranks only behind Social Security as Office (GAO) to deem it a High Risk
one of the largest, totaling $582 billion spent in Program,57 a moniker it has retained since
FY 2018.51 Since the program is so big, it GAO initially imposed it in 1990. 58 Over 80
opens up all sorts of possibilities for abuse, and GAO recommendations remain unfulfilled,
it looks like we are seeing another example. with 28 recommendations alone made
Earlier this year, the federal government between the 2017 and 2019 High Risk Lists,
alleged scammers’ plans led to $1.2 billion in the last two iterations of the report.59
losses in the Medicare program – including
over $900 million in improper Medicare Improper payments fundamentally
payments alone – before the Department of undermine the effectiveness and stability of
Health and Human Services Office of federal programs, and Medicare itself is already

6
in a precarious position. In fact, CMS culture of tolerance, coexistence, and
predicts the Medicare Hospital Insurance acceptance,” the madrassas will in part “help
(HI) trust fund will be entirely depleted produce open minded Mullahs (religious
come 2026.60 Moreover, CMS also projects leaders) in the future.”64 However, it is equally
that “Medicare’s costs under current law possible this grant could help lead to more
[will] rise steadily from their current level radicals in the future knowing how to better
of 3.7 percent of GDP in 2018 to 6.0 percent speak English and use the internet, skills which
in 2043.”61 Under even good circumstances, could then be used to radicalize Americans.
never mind the ones in which Medicare finds
itself, both the program and the American Whatever the outcome of the grant, one
people can ill-afford to be paying out nearly thing is certain, at the very least. Before we
$50 billion in improper payments. send $150,000 in American taxes abroad to
teach English and IT skills, we should first
Perhaps the real improper payment is the consider our own country’s situation.
giant amount of mandatory spending Congress
allocates to CMS, allowing Medicare and The most recent American Community
Medicaid to grow unabated. Survey run by the Census Bureau
determined that 8.5 percent of Americans
ages five and up are limited in English
proficiency.65 Meanwhile, according to the
State is spending “up to”
Pew Research Center in 2019, one in ten
$150,000.00 to teach English and Americans do not go on the internet.66
IT skills at Madrassas According to a 2013 Pew survey, of the
percentage then that did not use the internet,
The State Department has a long history roughly one third believed it “was too difficult
of bringing Islamic scholars to American to use. …”67
schools, just in this decade spending millions
on a program for Afghan lawyers, including Needless to say, work remains to be done
those with a background in Sharia law, to study to strengthen both English language talents
at Ohio Northern University.62 Now, the State and internet abilities here at home before
Department is flipping the script. Instead of Americans give up more resources to teach
paying to bring Islamic students to the U.S., those skills in madrassas in Iraq.
the State Department is paying “up to”
$150,000 “for a project to support teaching
the English language, basic IT skills, NSF spent a significant portion of
leadership, and tolerance” to students “at a $466,991.00 grant on studying
23 religious schools (Madrassas) frog mating calls
throughout the Iraqi Kurdistan Region
(IKR).”63 If you were told the federal government
The State Department’s excessively was going to study how a species of animal
optimistic view is that by teaching future mates, it’s not too likely the subject of this next
Mullahs English, basic IT skills, and about “a

7
story would make the short list of candidates As of this writing, our government has
that came to mind. piled up a debt over $22 trillion, along with a
10-month deficit of $866 billion that is
In this case, the National Science projected to rise to over $1 trillion by the end
Foundation (NSF) spent a significant of the fiscal year.74 As we deal with this crisis
portion of a grant totaling $466,991 68 on and also wrestle with paying for actual
studying the mating call of the male priorities, do we really want government
túngara frog of Panama. funding studies of a non-endangered75
In a look at the effects of urbanization, the frog’s mating habits?
study examined the differences between the Panamanian frog mating calls may sound
mating call in the city and in the forest, different in forests and cities, but all this use of
including its likelihood of attracting midges your resources sounds like to us is waste.
and bats in each of those environments.69

Small Frogs Under the Big Lights

Funds from grants worth
So what did the researchers determine? In $51,722,107.00 were used to do
short, urban life seems to have benefited the
Google Scholar searches, in
male frogs, who “call at higher rates” and have
Hawaii, about the effects of
a more complex, attractive mating call than
their forest-dwelling counterparts.70 While the climate hazards
male urban frogs “experience higher
competition for mating opportunities,” they It doesn’t take a lot to get published in
also face less risk from predators.71 academic journals nowadays. Just ask
researchers who used federal money from
grants worth $51,722,10776 from the National
Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Forest
Service, the Department of the Interior, and
the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration to convene in Hawaii and
search the already existing literature of the
impacts of “climate hazards” on humans,
Túngara frog mid-mating call. Photo Credit: The
Scientist.com and Ximena Bernal https://www.the-
as well as analyze and compile the results.77
scientist.com/notebook/these-flies-hijack-frogs-love-
calls-30193. That’s right! The paper, entitled Broad
When the researchers switched the frogs’ Threat to Humanity from Cumulative Climate
environments, they found that urban frogs Hazards Intensified by Greenhouse Gas Emissions, is
could quickly adjust their calls to help protect largely a compilation and analysis of a search of
from threats.72 But the forest frogs’ calls didn’t already existing literature the researchers found
get more attractive when they went to the on Google Scholar between February and
city.73 March 201778 ... in Hawaii.79 In connection,

8
they also developed a database to centralize the influences on climactic changes requires
research.80 Among other things, the considerable caution.”87
researchers reported climate hazards being
linked to increased cases of diarrhea, as Despite the myriad uncertainties, the
well as to bedwetting, lower “academic authors forge on, adding, “the human
performance,” and other problems.81 contribution to recent climactic changes is
very likely. ...”88 We’ll leave it to readers to
The paper itself was a collaborative effort decide if they stuck the landing on any possible
between 23 researchers from around the jump to conclusions.
world.82 At least 5 of the 23 received federal
funding.83 Meanwhile, though the researchers
describe their efforts to limit bias, they also
Given our astronomical debt and allow for a possible “bias in the literature itself
skyrocketing deficits, were taxpayer funds towards reporting negative impacts.”89
really needed for this compilation and further
study of previous research? Consider us biased toward better uses of
taxpayer resources.
Another question must also be asked: if
the researchers are so concerned about
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, why did Army Corps of Engineers paid
they travel to Hawaii from around the $325,485.00 for property
world in order to do a study that consisted
confiscated in Afghanistan by the
of sitting at a computer and perusing
Google?84 Afghan National Defense and
Security Forces
Conclusions or Biases?
U.S. armed forces and American
The authors used the paper to sound an contractors have been in Afghanistan since
alarm of “the broad and heightened threat to 2001. One might think the Afghan National
humanity from ongoing GHG emissions Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF), which
intensifying multiple climate hazards to which the United States helps fund by “provid[ing]
humanity is currently vulnerable.”85 Yet, the bulk of funding necessary to build, train,
despite the authors’ central conclusion being equip, and sustain the ANDSF,”90 would not
an argument for “substantial and timely harass the personnel of American contractors
reduction of GHG emissions,” they admit or confiscate contractor property, given both
both that “[t]he impacts reported here have parties are ostensibly on the same side. You
varying degrees of uncertainty related to would be wrong. The Special Inspector
their detection and attribution to climate General for Afghanistan Reconstruction
hazards,” as well as that “[a] related (SIGAR) reviewed contracts between the U.S.
uncertainty is the extent to which climate Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and
hazards implicated in observed impacts American contractors and found “ANDSF
were due to anthropogenic forcing.”86 personnel had confiscated more than
They also note that “pinning down human $780,000 in property and equipment. …”

9
SIGAR also revealed reports of ANDSF place to record actions it has taken to
harassing our contractors’ personnel.91 resolve incidents reported by contractor
staff.”97 While USACE agreed with SIGAR’s
Regarding the property, SIGAR found recommendation and began a process for
that across three contracts, ANDSF tracking incidents reported, one hopes it will
confiscated over $780,000 in U.S. contractor turn more focus to stopping such incidents
material - “despite the provision of from even taking place.98
approximately $1,302,800 in excess spare parts
and equipment” from the first two contracts.92 The easiest solution for USACE and the
American taxpayers footed a $325,484 bill rest of the U.S. armed forces would be to
for the property ANDSF confiscated under recognize the U.S. mission in Afghanistan
the first two contracts that USACE was today has expanded further than anybody
unable to recover.93 As of this writing, the could have imagined in 2001. Although the
current sum of hundreds of thousands of U.S. originally deployed personnel to
dollars regarding equipment confiscated under Afghanistan with the mission of disrupting and
the third contract may expand even further as destroying al-Qaeda and Taliban networks,
USACE conducts its review.94 American forces are now on a nation-building
expedition gone horribly wrong.
(Keep this story in mind as the federal
government continues to spend over $51 Clearly, there are larger costs, human and
billion a year nation-building in monetary, of nation-building we simply cannot
Afghanistan.) ignore.

Worse than the confiscated equipment

was the harassment ANDSF members forced
our contractors’ personnel to endure.
SIGAR’s findings brought to light reported
mistreatment such as detention of staff,
intimidation, and threats, with it appearing
such incidents happened in part due to
ANDSF attempting to get them to do work
that was not covered under the contract or
to prevent them from keeping the
contractors’ own property.95 SIGAR
reported that one U.S. contractor company
alone filed hundreds of “serious incident
reports (SIR)s,” including many regarding the
problems listed above, in a period of just a little
over two years.96

Amazingly, SIGAR also found that the

USACE did not “have an official system in

10
1
WorldAtlas, “Presidents of Tunisia Since 1957.” 21
Ibid.
22
WorldAtlas.com, 2019. FSO Staff Oversight Briefing at St. Elizabeths,
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of- March 8, 2019.
23
tunisia-since-1957.html. FSO Follow-Up Call with GSA, April 17, 2019.
2
Ibid. 24
Sernovitz, Daniel J., “Major shift at St. E’s: GSA
3
State Department Funding Opportunity to emphasize new DHS construction, not historic
#SFOP0005045. reuse.” Washington Business Journal, March 8, 2019.
https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view- https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2019/
opportunity.html?oppId=305899. 03/08/gsa-focuses-on-new-construction-for-dhs-at-st-
4
Ibid. es.html.
5
Reinhart, RJ, “Majority in U.S. Still Say a Third 25
U.S. General Services Administration, “U.S. Coast
Party Is Needed.” Gallup, October 26, 2018. Guard Opens Its Headquarters At St. Elizabeths.”
https://news.gallup.com/poll/244094/majority-say- U.S. General Services Administration, August 13,
third-party-needed.aspx. 2017. https://www.gsa.gov/about-
6
U.S. Department of State Bureau of Near Eastern us/regions/welcome-to-the-national-capital-region-
Affairs, “U.S. Relations With Tunisia: Bilateral Fact 11/region-11-newsroom/featured-stories/us-coast-
Sheet,” U.S. State Department, July 20, 2018. guard-opens-its-headquarters-at-st-elizabeths.
https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-tunisia/. 26
Heckman, Jory, “DHS St. Elizabeths campus gains
7
U.S. General Services Administration, “History of ‘center of gravity’ with new headquarters.” Federal
St. Elizbaeths.” U.S. General Services News Network, June 21, 2019.
Administration, May, 2013. https://federalnewsnetwork.com/facilities-
http://www.stelizabethsdevelopment.com/history.htm construction/2019/06/dhs-st-elizabeths-campus-
l. gains-center-of-gravity-with-new-
8
Stelizabethseast.com, “East Campus History.” headquarters/slide/1/.
27
Stelizabethseast.com, 2019. Ibid.
28
https://stelizabethseast.com/our-history/.
9
U.S. General Services Administration, “History of https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/26/democrat
St. Elizbaeths.” U.S. General Services s-protest-green-new-deal-vote-2943919
29
Administration, May, 2013. Record Vote Number 52, S.J. Res. 8, U.S. Senate
http://www.stelizabethsdevelopment.com/history.htm 116th Congress. https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-
l. congress/senate-joint-resolution/8/all-
10
FSO Staff Oversight Briefing at St. Elizabeths, actions?overview=closed&q=%7B%22roll-call-
March 8, 2019 and follow-up call with GSA, April vote%22%3A%22all%22%7D.
30
17, 2019. USAID Funding Opportunity #APS-OAA-16-
11
U.S. General Services Administration, “Master 000001-ADDENDUM-PERU
Plan for the Department of Homeland Security https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-
Headquarters Consolidation at St. Elizabeths West opportunity.html?oppId=313677.
Campus.” U.S. General Services Administration, 31
Ibid.
32
January 10, 2019. Ibid.
https://www.ncpc.gov/docs/actions/2019January/MP 33
U.S. Department of Justice, “Manhattan U.S.
211_Master_Plan_for_the_Department_of_Homelan Attorney Announces $5.3 Million Proposed
d_Security_Headquarters_Consolidation_at_St._Eliz Settlement of Lawsuit Against New York City for
abeths_West_Campus_Information_Sheet_Jan2019.p Fraudulently Obtaining FEMA Funds Following
df. Superstorm Sandy.” U.S. Department of Justice,
12
FSO Staff Oversight Briefing at St. Elizabeths, February 20, 2019. https://www.justice.gov/usao-
March 8, 2019. sdny/pr/manhattan-us-attorney-announces-53-
13
Ibid. million-proposed-settlement-lawsuit-against-new-
14
FSO Follow-Up Call with GSA, April 17, 2019. york.
15 34
FSO Staff Oversight Briefing at St. Elizabeths, Ibid.
March 8, 2019. 35
U.S. v. City of New York, “Complaint.” District
16
Ibid. Court for S.D.N.Y., February 20, 2019.
17
Ibid. https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-
18
FSO Follow-Up Call with GSA, April 17, 2019. release/file/1133686/download.
19 36
Ibid. Ibid.
20 37
Ibid. Ibid.

11
 55
Office of Public Affairs, “Federal Indictments &
38
U.S. v. City of New York, “Stipulation and Order Law Enforcement Actions in One of the Largest
of Settlement.” District Court for S.D.N.Y., February Health Care Fraud Schemes Involving Telemedicine
20, 2019. https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press- and Durable Medical Equipment Marketing
release/file/1133696/download. Executives Results in Charges Against 24 Individuals
39
U.S. v. City of New York, “Complaint.” District Responsible for Over $1.2 Billion in Losses.” U.S.
Court for S.D.N.Y., February 20, 2019. Department of Justice, April 9, 2019.
https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press- https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-indictments-
release/file/1133686/download. and-law-enforcement-actions-one-largest-health-care-
40
U.S. v. City of New York, “Stipulation and Order fraud-schemes.
of Settlement.” District Court for S.D.N.Y., February
56
U.S. Government Accountability Office, “High-
20, 2019. https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press- Risk Series: Substantial Efforts Needed to Achieve
release/file/1133696/download. Greater Progress on High Risk Areas.” U.S.
41
Ibid. Government Accountability Office, March 2019.
42
https://www.politico.com/story/2012/12/sandy- https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/697245.pdf.
57
bills-extras-draw-attacks-from-the-right- U.S. Government Accountability Office,
085274#ixzz2I537aFU7 “Medicare Program & Improper Payments.” U.S.
43
State Department Funding Opportunity #SCAISB- Government Accountability Office, 2019.
19-AW-007-03032019. https://www.gao.gov/highrisk/medicare_program/wh
https://govtribe.com/opportunity/federal-grant- y_did_study#t=1.
58
opportunity/supporting-economic-empowerment-in- U.S. Government Accountability Office,
the-pakistan-film-industry-scaisb19aw00703032019. “Medicare Program & Improper Payments: What We
44
Ibid. Found.” U.S. Government Accountability Office,
45
Ibid. March 2019.
46
Ibid. https://www.gao.gov/highrisk/medicare_program/wh
47
Ibid. y_did_study.
59
48
The Pakistan International Film Festival, “About Ibid.
60
PIFF.” The Pakistan International Film, 2019. Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital
http://www.piffestival.com/about.php. Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical
49
State Department Funding Opportunity #SCAISB- Insurance Trust Funds, “2019 Annual Report of the
19-AW-007-03032019. Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance
https://govtribe.com/opportunity/federal-grant- and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust
opportunity/supporting-economic-empowerment-in- Funds.” Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital
the-pakistan-film-industry-scaisb19aw00703032019. Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical
50
Ibid. Insurance Trust Funds, April 22, 2019.
51
Peter G. Peterson Foundation, “Budget Basics: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-
Medicare.” Peter G. Peterson Foundation, April 30, Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-
2019. https://www.pgpf.org/budget-basics/medicare. Reports/ReportsTrustFunds/Downloads/TR2019.pdf.
61
52
Office of Public Affairs, “Federal Indictments & Ibid.
Law Enforcement Actions in One of the Largest
62
Chairman Rand Paul, M.D., “Worldwide Waste:
Health Care Fraud Schemes Involving Telemedicine How the Government is Using and Losing your
and Durable Medical Equipment Marketing Money Abroad, Pt. VII: Institutional Development.”
Executives Results in Charges Against 24 Individuals U.S. Senate Federal Spending Oversight
Responsible for Over $1.2 Billion in Losses.” U.S. Subcommittee, February 2017.
Department of Justice, April 9, 2019. https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/World
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-indictments- wideWastePart7.pdf.
63
and-law-enforcement-actions-one-largest-health-care- State Department Funding Opportunity #DOS-
fraud-schemes. BAGHDAD-PD-2019-009.
53
Ibid. https://iq.usembassy.gov/wp-
54
Kaplan, Adiel, Jay Blackman, Tom Costello, and content/uploads/sites/245/DOS-Baghdad-PD-2019-
Sarah Ploss, “Feds Take Down $1 Billion Medicare 009.pdf.
64
Fraud Scheme in ‘Operation Brace Yourself.” Ibid.
65
NBCNews, April 9, 2019. U.S. Census Bureau Fact Finder: 2013-2017
https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice- American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,
department/feds-take-down-1-billion-fraud-scheme- “Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak
operation-brace-yourself-n992481.

12
 79
FSO Phone Conversation with USFS, March 5,
English for the Population 5 Years and Over.” U.S. 2019.
80
Census Bureau, July 23, 2019. Mora, Camilo, Daniele Spirandelli, Erik C.
66
Anderson, Monica, Andrew Perrin, Jingjing Jiang, Franklin, John Lyman, et. al., “Broad Threat to
and Madhumitha Kumar, “10% of Americans don’t Humanity from Cumulative Climate Hazards
use the internet. Who are they?” Pew Research Intensified by Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Nature,
Center, April 22, 2019. November, 2018.
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact- https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Erik_Franklin/p
tank/2019/04/22/some-americans-dont-use-the- ublication/329042311_Broad_threat_to_humanity_fr
internet-who-are-they/. om_cumulative_climate_hazards_intensified_by_gre
67
Ibid. enhouse_gas_emissions/links/5bf.
81
68
NSF Award #1433990. Ibid.
82
69
Halfwerk, Wouter, Michiel Blaas, Lars Kramer, Ibid.
83
and Nadia Hijner, “Adaptive Changes in Sexual Ibid.
84
Signalling in Response to Urbanization.” Nature FSO Phone Conversation with USFS, March 5,
Ecology & Evolution, March 2019. 2019.
85
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329540160 Mora, Camilo, Daniele Spirandelli, Erik C.
_Adaptive_changes_in_sexual_signalling_in_respons Franklin, John Lyman, et. al., “Broad Threat to
e_to_urbanization. Humanity from Cumulative Climate Hazards
70
Ibid. Intensified by Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Nature,
71
Ibid. November, 2018.
72
Ibid. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Erik_Franklin/p
73
Ibid. ublication/329042311_Broad_threat_to_humanity_fr
74
U.S. Bureau of the Fiscal Service, “Monthly om_cumulative_climate_hazards_intensified_by_gre
Treasury Statement: Receipts and Outlays of the enhouse_gas_emissions/links/5bf.
86
United States Government for Fiscal Year 2019 Ibid.
87
through July 31, 2019, and Other Periods.” U.S. Ibid.
88
Department of the Treasury, August, 2019. Ibid.
89
https://fiscal.treasury.gov/files/reports- Ibid.
statements/mts/mts0719.pdf.
90
Office of the Secretary of Defense, “Justification
75
International Union for Conservation of Nature, for FY 2020 Overseas Contingency Operations
“Túngara Frog: Engystomops pustulosus.” Afghanistan Security Forces Fund.” U.S. Department
International Union for Conservation of Nature, of Defense, March 2019.
2015. https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Document
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/57272/11612835. s/defbudget/fy2020/fy2020_ASFF_Justification_Boo
76
NOAA Grant #NA14OAR4170071; NOAA Grant k.pdf.
91
#NA09OAR4170060; NOAA Grant Special Inspector General for Afghanistan
#NA15NMF4520361; NSF Award #1650441; FSO Reconstruction, “Afghan National Defense and
Emails with U.S. Forest Service, March 8, 2019; DOI Security Forces Facilities: Action Needed to Address
Grant #G16PG00037; and NASA Award Confiscation of Contractor-Owned Property and
#NNH16CT01C. Contractor Mistreatment.” Special Inspector General
77
Mora, Camilo, Daniele Spirandelli, Erik C. for Afghanistan Reconstruction, March 8, 2019.
Franklin, John Lyman, et. al., “Broad Threat to https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/special%20projects/SIGA
Humanity from Cumulative Climate Hazards R-19-22-SP.pdf.
92
Intensified by Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Nature, Ibid.
93
November, 2018. Ibid.
94
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Erik_Franklin/p Ibid.
95
ublication/329042311_Broad_threat_to_humanity_fr Ibid.
96
om_cumulative_climate_hazards_intensified_by_gre Ibid.
97
enhouse_gas_emissions/links/5bf. Ibid.
98
78
Ibid. Ibid.

13
WASTE
REPORT

WASTE REPORT | FALL 2019

BY CHAIRMAN RAND PAUL
The federal government wasted Americans’ tax dollars as it...

 Spent millions on the Washington Metro Area Transit Authority (WMATA) .............. $153,000,000

 Funded debate and Model United Nations competitions in Afghanistan (State) ................. $300,000

 Funded research that involves hooking Zebrafish on nicotine (NIH) ................................... $708,466

 Bought a statue from Bob Dylan for the embassy in Mozambique (State) .............................. $84,375

 Studied the connection between drinking alcohol and winding up in the ER (NIH) ........ $4,658,865

 Improved the quality of Egyptian schooling (USAID) ....................................................... $16,000,000

 Bought textbooks for Afghan students (USAID) ................................................................ $33,921,175

 Brought Serbian cheese up to international standards (USAID) ....................................... $22,000,000

________________________________

TAXPAYER DOLLARS WASTED: $230,672,881

 watchdog, submitted via a particular email, if it
didn’t pay the $324.17.6 The watchdog had
The federal government is
to sue to force them to release the
expected to spend redactions.7
$153,000,000.00 on the
The case, for which the same Metro that a
Washington Metropolitan Area
WAMU story called “cash-strapped”8 in 2017
Transit Authority in FY2020
has hired a high-powered D.C. law firm, is
currently working its way through the court
Ask nearly any Washingtonian of their
system and is projected to take more than half
opinion of the Washington Metropolitan Area
a year to resolve.9 Metro’s obstinacy did not
Transit Authority (Metro), and the answer will
surprise the watchdog, who says that “various
near universally be negative. In fact, Metro’s
general managers have promised transparency
routine service outages, delays,
but, in fact, Metro has become increasingly
incomprehensible policy choices, and
opaque. A taxpayer-funded organization
mismanagement of funds has led to, as WAMU
withholding information … from the public on
reported earlier this year, the lowest ridership
dubious grounds is unacceptable.” 10
in almost 20 years — roughly 595,000 per
weekday “in last half of 2018,” which is down Recently, rather than using its service to
from a peak of “almost 752,000” per weekday improve public perception, Metro launched a
a little over 10 years ago.1 Despite its $400,000 public relations campaign, aptly titled
chronically bad performance, the “Back2Good,” to entice commuters back.11 If
Congressional Budget Office is projecting you are questioning the reasoning of spending
the federal government will cut Metro a so much money on a PR campaign, you are not
$153,000,000 check for Fiscal Year 2020.2 alone. The Washington Post reported that “some
were surprised at Metro’s decision to spend six-
Metro is “so bad,” a piece in the
figures on a PR campaign during a budget
Washington Examiner stated in 2017, “that it
crisis, when the agency [was] considering
derives a benefit from low expectations.
raising fares and reducing service to offset a
Riders are let down so often that higher
fares for worse service is what they have
come to expect.”3

Yet, somehow Metro has self-reported

generally positive feedback from customers.4
When a watchdog tried to get a copy of a Metro
customer survey and properly filed a request
for documents, Metro refused to release it
but eventually provided (and charged the
watchdog $324.17 for) a 29-page document,
28 pages of which were redacted.5 In fact,
Metro's Back2Good program appears to not have
according to the watchdog, Metro threatened
improved public sentiment. Photo Credit: Metro
to never honor future requests from the https://twitter.com/wmata/status/809786446173401088.

1
$290 million shortfall. Wouldn’t that money be Maryland Department of Transportation
better spent on repairs and infrastructure, they (MDOT) sent Metro.14 In the letter, MDOT
asked?”12 stated, “WMATA’s books cannot continue to
be a financial black hole, absorbing every dollar
The Post also noted that “Back2Good isn’t it can but providing no information or data that
the first time in recent history Metro has forked Marylanders expect from public institutions.”15
over a pretty penny for public relations,”
pointing out that “[w]eeks after a smoke It appears the action had an effect. In
calamity took a woman’s life at L’Enfant Plaza September, Maryland Governor Larry Hogan
in January 2015, Metro hired two high- decided to release the funds, saying to news
powered public relations firms to assist the outlets, “‘WMATA has finally agreed to our
agency with image control. The cost of those demands for greater transparency for every
hires: $250,000,” adding, “In that case, the dollar spent and all future investments by the
costs were covered by Metro’s insurance Metro system.’”16
carrier, AIG, according to an agency
spokeswoman.”13 So we’ve seen some of the overall issues,
but let’s take a little deeper look at some of the
specific projects on which Metro is spending
our tax dollars.

Subsidizing Competitors
One might think Metro would use its
funding to improve its services. Instead, it
launched a $1 million subsidy pilot
program involving one of their
17
competitors. Metro SmarTrip pass holders
will be eligible for $3 per Lyft rides 40 times a
month.18 According to Metro, the users must
“commute to or from work within Metro’s
compact service area,” have “[a] job that
requires [them] to commute to and/or from
An intrepid Washingtonian took the time to edit the
grammar of a Metro ad at Metro’s Navy Yard stop, an ad work between midnight and 4am,” and have
that plays on fears of climate change. Photo Credit: FSO the Lyft app.19
Staff.

However, Metro’s high-cost PR work Metro does require details so it can verify
apparently has not persuaded riders, and it did the rider’s employment, and that he or she
not persuade Maryland about Metro’s works between midnight and 4am.20 Program
competency, either. This summer, the state riders must also travel with others — a private
held back over $55 million in funding, bus.21
citing “an ongoing pattern of fiscal Now midnight to 4am is quite late, but it
obfuscation and a lack of cooperation from should be noted that Metro offers a bus
WMATA,” according to a letter the

2
 2001 attacks.29 According to Metro, the
toilet was necessary to provide customers
access to a bathroom at the Huntington
Station because it would present “security
concerns” for riders to use the station’s
already existing bathrooms.30 The OIG was
Metro says, ‘Use Lyft!’ ‘Photo Credit: Metro, skeptical this was the reason and refused to
https://www.wmata.com/service/bus/. adopt that determination in its review.31 And it
is hard to blame them. Allowing riders into the
service at that time, called its “After system carrying backpacks, suitcases, or
Midnight Service.”22 While Metro cited anything else without being checked by
schedule changes in its rail service as the reason security guards is not a security concern, but
for the program,23 the development was not using the bathroom is?
exactly universally praised by those targeted.24
To top it off, the half-million-dollar
It is simply sheer incompetence for a toilet sat broken and abandoned in the
company to claim subsidizing and showcasing a Huntington Station from 2017 to early
competitor is a good use of its budget at any time, 2019.32 Metro contracted with a private
never mind when its users are at a 20-year low, company to clean and maintain the self-
and it is trying to instill confidence. cleaning toilet but canceled the contract in
2017.33 While Metro had plans to move the
Operation Golden Potty
toilet to a different station,34 it ended up
If there is any case of Metro’s decommissioning and removing the facility in
mismanagement that perfectly encapsulates the early 2019.35 FSO staff inquired about the
problem, it is what the WMATA Office of the current whereabouts of the toilet, but Metro
Inspector General (OIG) has deemed was unable to provide an answer.
“Operation Golden Potty.”25

From 2003 to 2017, according to the

OIG, Metro spent “approximately $500,000
maintaining a single self-cleaning toilet
located at the Huntington Metro Station.”26
The OIG cannot definitively state how much
was spent because Metro lost invoices for
2007, 2012, 2013, and 2014.27

To make matters worse, the toilet was not Photo of the half-million-dollar toilet facility. Metro left
user-friendly, a documented experience shared the facility broken for two years before taking it out of the
Metro station. Photo Credit: Wikipedia
by the news shows — though it did excel at Commons / Ser_Amantio_di_Nicolao, via WAMU.
providing some background music for users.28 https://wamu.org/story/19/07/26/inspector-general-
found-wmata-spent-416000-on-a-self-clean.
Metro justified their purchase to the OIG
as necessary in the wake of the September 11,

3
 “Temporarily” Out of Service… And it’s not just bike buildings and air
conditioning. Metro recently finished a project
Part of what irritates so many it slated to last “approximately 2 ½ years” to
Washingtonians about Metro is its seeming repair three escalators at its Friendship Heights
inability to do the easy things. For just three of station.46 While Metro stated the escalators
the many egregious examples, Metro has under repair would not be simultaneously out
spent more than 52 months building a bike of service, it defies belief that replacing three
storage room at Metro’s East Falls Church escalators would take a contractor and team of
Metro Station,36 took more than 48 workers more than 4,000 hours.47
months37 fixing the air chilling system in
two of its most trafficked Metro stations,38 Clearly, WMATA is a poor steward of
and took roughly 25 months to repair three public funds, be they federal, state, or local.
escalators in another station.39 Why Americans from across the country are
being forced to subsidize the Washington,
To be fair, it appears the bike storage D.C., public transit system’s ineptitude is
rooms are more than just four walls, with The beyond comprehension.
Washington Post reporting in a November 2015
article on multiple such projects that they The federal government simply cannot
would be “similar to the one in College Park,” afford to flush $153 million down the toilet this
which it said “featur[es] security cameras, an coming year, particularly on an agency
emergency callbox and real-time video and seemingly hell-bent on wasting Americans’
intercom communications with Metro’s hard-earned tax dollars.
Parking Operations Control Center.”40 That
same article also stated the facilities were
“scheduled to be open next month, [Metro] U.S. Department of State is
said.”41 According to the OIG, which is spending up to $300,000.00 on
looking into the situation, Metro has debate and Model United Nations
indicated the East Falls Church facility will
competitions in Afghanistan
not open until September 2020.42

A delayed bike facility pales in comparison After 18 years, thousands of American

to the treatment train riders were subjected to soldiers killed and wounded, and nearly $1
over the past four years. In two major stations, trillion in military spending alone,48 it is safe to
Metro repeatedly failed to fix the air say the United States is in a war of attrition in
chilling system, turning the stations into Afghanistan. What might break the deadlock
what Metro riders were calling “a ‘freaking and help secure a brighter future for
furnace,’ ‘unbearable’ and ‘inhumane,’” Afghanistan? Well, if you’re the State
The Washington Post reported in August Department, and you keep getting handed
2019.43 The problem arose in 2015, yet Metro enormous amounts of taxpayer money from
announced in August 2019 that the fix was Congress without much scrutiny, you might
again delayed.44 Finally, later that month, think spending up to $300,000 on debate
Metro said the system was repaired.45

4
and Model United Nations competitions in that enhance English and relate to debate
Afghanistan could do the trick.49 competitions.”56

According to the grant notice, the State This is what should no longer be up for
Department is paying “for two organizations debate: using Americans’ taxpayer dollars to
to plan, organize, and implement local and put on debate and Model U.N. tournaments in
national debate or Model United Nations Afghanistan is a waste of Americans’ money —
training and tournaments for university particularly when the events are being held in a
students [aged 18-30] throughout Afghanistan. language 94 percent of Afghans don’t even
…”50 The two grants, the sum of which will speak!
be up to $300,000, will run concurrently for
three years and are designed for up to 300-
500 participants per year.51 The NIH is spending up to
The State Department says the goal of the $708,466 on research in London
program is “[f]or Afghan youth to develop that involves hooking Zebrafish
skills required for successful civic engagement on nicotine
(e.g., public speaking, critical thinking,
leadership, team building, and in-depth As debate rages in the country over
research)” — with an eye on “contribut[ing] to vaping, the National Institutes of Health
the strengthening of civil society” in (NIH) is sponsoring a nearly five-year
Afghanistan.52 If that’s your goal, you might project that involves actively addicting its
want to make sure participants can understand subjects, Zebrafish, to nicotine.57 The
the language the State Department requires project, being conducted at the Queen
them to use in the competitions: English.53 Mary University of London, will cost the
But the language requirement may be a tall American taxpayer $708,466.58
order out the gate, as only six percent of the
Afghan population can speak English.54 Researchers reported to NIH that they are
using your money in part “to identify genes
Thankfully, State at least requires grantees affecting vulnerability to addiction by
to produce “[a] plan for assessing English screening lines of mutagenized zebrafish for
language skills of potential participants,”55 core behaviors associated with addiction:
ostensibly limiting the potenential participants sensitivity to drug reward and impulsivity.”59
to those few age-appropriate Afghans who
already know English. As part of the final They state they will “test the hypothesis
program, the grantees will have to “[provide] that genes that show persistent adaptive
pre-debate training workshops and research changes in expression following chronic
sessions to prepare participants to successfully nicotine exposure are also addiction
serve on debate teams in formal debate vulnerability genes,” or, in other words, testing
competitions conducted in English,” as well as the relationship between addiction and
“[conduct] additional programs or activities genetics.60

5
 Spending fewer than a million dollars on its “Art in Embassies” (AIE) program,
may seem like a “drop in the bucket” “which,” a report noted, “places American art
compared to the hundreds of millions and in U.S. diplomatic outposts worldwide to
billions the federal government routinely showcase U.S. culture and soft power.64 As
dishes out, but it all adds up to the massive part of its work, AIE has also received
budget deficits and $23 trillion national hundreds (at least) of donated pieces.65
debt before us today.
But with the basic purpose in mind, it’s
Everybody agrees that nicotine addiction important to point out that the same report
is a problem. But you have to be smoking cited above also mentions a former
something other than nicotine if you think the government official “critici[zing] the
solution is to ship American tax dollars abroad department for putting artwork on display
to addict Zebrafish to nicotine. inside the U.S. embassies,” as “nearly all … are
surrounded by security perimeters with limited
public access.”66

Great music is timeless, and Bob

U.S. Department of State bought Dylan’s work will continue to endure.
an $84,375.00 statue from Bob
What cannot endure, if we are ever to
Dylan for the embassy in get our deficit and debt under control, is
Mozambique such extravagant spending by federal
agencies.
With hits like “Mr. Tambourine Man,”
“Blowin’ in the Wind,” and “Knockin’ on
Heaven’s Door,” there can be no denying Bob
Dylan is a musical icon. But do his musical
accomplishments justify the State
Department choosing to buy an original
Bob Dylan sculpture, for $84,375,61 to place
in its embassy in Mozambique?62 NIH has spent $4,658,865.00
studying the connection between
Apparently, the federal government’s
drinking alcohol and winding up
answer is “Yes.”
in the emergency room
Why is the State Department buying art in
the first place? Every time State builds “any The federal government and the general
new project,” such as a consulate or embassy, population have long recognized that drinking
“0.5% of the value of the construction alcohol increases the likelihood of injuries
project” is allocated for art acquisition, stemming from events like traffic accidents
according to the department, no matter while under the influence. For example, in
how large that 0.5% represents.63 For 1984, President Ronald Reagan signed the
embassies, the State Department often leans National Minimum Drinking Age Act into law,

6
withholding certain federal funds from states consumption and at higher risk of traffic
that did not raise their drinking age.67 In injuries at high levels of consumption.”73
addition, and in the absence of a federal
mandate, the alcoholic beverage industry Who would have thought that when it’s
regularly urges consumers to “drink easier to get your hands on alcohol, the injury
responsibly.”68 risk can increase, especially when it comes to
vehicle-related injuries?
But scientists at the National Institutes of
Health (NIH) did not trust common We likely all know someone whose life has
knowledge and have decided to spend been tragically impacted by alcohol. But at a
$4,658,865 over several years to study the time when we have to borrow from China just
connection between drinking alcohol, to pay our bills, is there really a reason this
hurting yourself or somebody else, and research, especially when so much common
winding up in the ER.69 sense is involved, at the very least could not
have been conducted without the taxpayers'
Most recently, the researchers have resources?
pursued three goals. The first includes
looking at alcohol use in the six hours
before an injury, as well as the type of
injury that brought patients to the ER, such
as “traffic [accidents], falls … near drowning,” USAID is spending up to
etc., in consideration of several factors in $16,000,000.00 to improve the
different countries, including legal restrictions quality of Egyptian schooling
on alcohol.70 Second, they are “estimat[ing]
relative risk (RR) of injury related to alcohol Nearly everyone has fond memories of
consumption volume (dose-response some of their excellent teachers. But,
relationship) by cause of injury,” (in layman’s unfortunately, the state of the American
terms, if you are more likely to get hurt, and education system is such that there are also
how, if you drink more).71 Lastly, they are not-so-great memories and experiences.
“estimat[ing] alcohol attributable fraction Knowing the problems that exist here at home,
(AAF) by cause of injury…”72 (or in other it may surprise Americans to learn that their
words, the degree to which alcohol is government is investing up to $16 million to
responsible for the injury). improve the quality of the Egyptian
educational system.74
So, what findings has the research helped
produce? In the abstract for a 2019 paper, The massive sum of money is meant to
researchers assert that “[c]ountries with high help Egypt’s Ministry of Education and
DDP [detrimental drinking pattern] are at Technical Education (MOETE) train school
higher risk of injury from most causes at a officials and install a better system for licensing
given level of consumption, while countries and certifying them that is tied to merit.75
with low restrictiveness of alcohol policy are at
higher risk of injury at lower levels of

7
 USAID states that the “overall goal is to scores did not bounce back with the 2017 test.
support improved teaching of the reformed Average students’ scores remain well below
curricula at the primary level by qualified, what test overseers consider to be ‘proficient’
incentivized, and continuously developed for each grade level.”79
teachers; and furthermore, to institutionalize a
[Continuous Professional Development] In the report cited earlier, TNTP found
system that adapts to Egyptian educators’ that the students in the study
evolving professional development needs.”76 “demonstrated mastery of grade-level
standards … 17 percent of the time” despite
Noble aims, sure, but before we go telling “[meeting] the demands of their assignments
other countries how to improve their 71 percent of the time,” and spending “88
education system, perhaps we should take a percent” of class time on class-related
closer look at the story here at home. activities.80 However, the majority still
received As and Bs.81
A Crisis in American Education Yet the clear room for improvement at
According to a 2018 report by TNTP (The home has not stopped the big spenders at
New Teacher Project), for which it “partnered USAID from gallivanting around the world
with five diverse school systems” in the U.S. to and trying to fix Egypt’s flailing system.82
conduct direct observation and other research, When it comes to wisely using your hard-
“Students spend most of their time in earned money, the federal government simply
school without access to four key isn’t passing the test.
resources: grade-appropriate assignments,
strong instruction, deep engagement, and
teachers who hold high expectations.”77 In
fact, they state, “[s]tudents spent more
than 500 hours per school year on USAID has spent $33,921,175.00
assignments that weren’t appropriate for on a program that has included
their grade and with instruction that didn’t supplying textbooks, many of
ask enough of them — the equivalent of six
which are subpar and/or sitting in
months of wasted class time in each core
warehouses, for Afghan students
subject.”78

Meanwhile, according to The Hechinger When the United States invaded

Report, “Since the ... National Assessment Afghanistan in 2001, President Bush
of Educational Progress or NAEP, was first articulated a clear message. “On my orders,”
administered in the early 1990s, student President Bush said, “the United States military
achievement, particularly in math, steadily has begun strikes against al Qaeda terrorist
improved until the late 2000s, then training camps and military installations of the
flatlined. Reading scores also stagnated. Taliban regime. … These carefully targeted
In 2015, scores dipped in math among both actions are designed to disrupt the use of
fourth- and eighth-graders, and these math Afghanistan as a terrorist base of operations,

8
and to attack the military capability of the program is that they have “[p]rinted and
Taliban regime.”83 distributed 595,000 Early Grade Reading
(EGR) teaching and learning materials,
Who would have thought that after including textbooks. …”87
hearing those words, the United States would
end up paying nearly $34 million — so far There appears to be more to the story,
— for a program that has included however, as a review by the Special Inspector
providing subpar textbooks to Afghan General for Afghanistan Reconstruction
schoolchildren as part of its efforts in (SIGAR) found in part that “[p]rincipals and
Afghanistan?84 teachers at a quarter of the schools
inspected stated, ‘that the books were no
The failure was part of USAID’s Afghan longer in usable condition.’”88 Along the
Children Read (ACR) program, a 5-year way, SIGAR also found significant “book
program taking place from April 2016-April quality deficiencies, such as, loose or blank
2021 (with the full cost expected to clock in pages, misspellings, and low quality
at $69,547,810).85 According to USAID, the paper.”89
ACR is a joint effort between it and the Afghan
Ministry of Education (MoE) “1) To build the
capacity of the MoE to develop, implement,
and scale up a nationwide early grade reading
curriculum and instruction program in public
and community-based schools; and 2) To pilot
evidence-based early grade reading curricula
and instruction programs to improve reading
outcomes for children in grades one through
three in public and community-based Some of the 154,000 USAID-funded textbooks sitting in
storage, with these located at the Herat Field Office in
schools.”86 Enjil, Herat, Afghanistan. Photo Credit: SIGAR.

When SIGAR inspected warehouses

where ACR books were being kept, it found a
sad state of affairs. It reported that “five
storage facilities held about 154,000
textbooks.”90 One might think it’s good to
have that many books in storage, ready to be
delivered. However, SIGAR said that
“[m]anagers at four out of the five facilities
stated that they had no plan to distribute
the books in the near future.”91 It “also
Unusable textbooks at an Afghan school, paid for with observed that some of the facilities were
Americans’ tax dollars. Photo Credit: SIGAR. not in good condition,” including one that
Amazingly, the first accomplishment to “was not equipped with a ventilation
which USAID points in a write up on the system to preserve the books.”92

9
 What’s worse? USAID’s grantee cheese standards and quality to the
responsible for printing and distributing consumers in the EU, US, and further.”97
the books does not seem to recognize a
problem. When faced with its shortcomings, it What tangible skills did USAID help
superficially agreed with SIGAR’s findings but impart? Well, “RCAD’s staff was trained to
attempted to explain away issues SIGAR introduce and implement ISO standards, to
raised, the FSO Subcommittee has learned, properly sample milk and meat products at
including shifting blame to parents, students, local farms, to calibrate laboratory equipment,
and school officials in its response to SIGAR and to advise farmers on improving the safety
discovering textbook bindings falling apart.93 and quality of their products,” a company that
implemented the overall Development Project
Here’s something else we suspect would reported.98
have a hard time staying intact: the argument
for why American taxpayers have to spend so “The project also trained 30 dairy and
much money funding this textbook example of livestock farmers and processors on how to
government waste. improve production practices and meet
laboratory standards,” they noted, going on to
also say it “engaged a local backstopping expert
to assist the laboratory staff during critical
USAID spent part of a
phases of the accreditation process. …”99
$22,000,000.00 project working
to bring Serbian cheese up to In recent years on the domestic side, the
U.S. has been experiencing a massive,
international standards
historic cheese surplus, one that would
Who doesn’t like a good piece of cheese? eventually hit 1.4 billion pounds — which
Whether its cheddar, Swiss, provolone, or NPR noted in its report “means that there is
simply American cheese, everybody has their enough cheese sitting in cold storage to wrap
preference. And thanks to USAID, your around the U.S. Capitol.”100
new favorite might eventually be from So American dairy farmers dealing
Sjenica, Serbia! with the realities of this situation might be
That’s right! USAID spent part of a $22 cheesed off to learn their government
million “Sustainable Local Development worked to strengthen competition and the
Project”94 training the staff at the Regional European cheese market — using their own
Center for Agricultural Development (RCAD) tax dollars to boot!
in Sjenica, Serbia,95 to follow the cheese
standards of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) and help producers
adopt best practices.96 USAID reports the
head of the center as stating, “Our ultimate
goal is to be able to guarantee the Sjenica

10
1
Pascale, Jordan, Metro Just Had Its Lowest 16
CBS Baltimore, “Maryland to Release $83.5M In
Ridership Numbers in 20 Years. What’s Going On?” Capital Funds to WMATA.” CBSBaltimore,
WAMU, March 11, 2019. September 26, 2019.
https://wamu.org/story/19/03/11/metro-just-had-its- https://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2019/09/26/maryland-
lowest-ridership-numbers-in-20-years-whats-going- to-release-83-5m-in-capital-funds-to-wmata/.
on/. 17
Smith, Max, “Metro to Offer Limited Lyft
2
Congressional Budget Office, “Spending Discounts in Place of Late-Night Buses, Trains.”
Projections, by Budget Account.” U.S. Congressional WTOP, June 24, 2019. https://wtop.com/tracking-
Budget Office, August 2019. metro-24-7/2019/06/metro-to-offer-limited-lyft-
https://www.cbo.gov/about/products/budget- discounts-in-place-of-late-night-buses-trains/.
economic-data#9. 18
WMATA, “After-Hours Communter Service Pilot
3
Russell, Jason, “Let’s Face It: Washington, DC’s Program.” WMATA, 2019.
Metro is the Worst in the World.” The Washington https://www.wmata.com/service/After-Hours-
Examiner, June 19, 2017. Commuter-Service-Program.cfm.
19
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/lets-face-it- Ibid.
washington-dcs-metro-is-the-worst-in-the-world. 20
WMATA, “Customer Frequently Asked Questions
4
Washington Metro Area Transit Authority, “How is (FAQs).” WMATA, 2019.
Metro Doing?” Washington Metro Area Transit https://www.wmata.com/service/Customer-
Authority, 2019. Frequently-Asked-Questions.cfm.
https://www.wmata.com/about/back2good/role.cfm. 21
WMATA, “After-Hours Communter Service Pilot
5
UnSuck DC Metro “Complaint of UnSuck DC Program.” WMATA, 2019.
Metro v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit https://www.wmata.com/service/After-Hours-
Authority.” UnSuck DC Metro, April 29, 2019. Commuter-Service-Program.cfm.
https://wtop.com/wp- 22
WMATA, “Bus Schedules.” WMATA, 2019.
content/uploads/2019/04/Unsuck-VS-Metro.pdf. https://www.wmata.com/schedules/timetables/#main-
6
FSO staff phone call with UnSuck DC Metro, content.
October 8, 2019. 23
WMATA, “Metro to Begin On-Demand
7
Paz, Christian, “DC Metro Sued for Denying Transportation Program for Late-Night Commuters
Request for Customer Satisfaction Survey.” July 1.” WMATA, June 24, 2019.
NBCWashington, April 29, 2019. https://www.wmata.com/about/news/Metro-to-begin-
https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/DC- on-demand-transportation-program-for-late-night-
Metro-Sued-for-Denying-Request-for-Customer- commuters-July-1.cfm.
Satisfaction-Survey-Results-509228041.html. 24
Pomeroy, Courtney and Heather Graf, “WMATA
8
Di Caro, Martin, “Metro Takes New Steps to Crack to Give $3 Lyft Subsidies to Workers who would use
Down on Fare Evasion.” WAMU, May 9, 2017. Late-Night Metro if it Existed.” ABC WJLA, June 24,
https://wamu.org/story/17/05/09/metro-takes-new- 2019. https://wjla.com/news/local/wmata-lyft-
steps-crack-fare-evasion/. subsidies-workers-late-night-metro.
9 25
FSO phone call with UnSuck DC Metro, October 8, FSO phone call with WMATA Office of the
2019. Inspector General, July 29, 2019.
10 26
Email from UnSuck DC Metro to FSO Staff, WMATA Office of the Inspector General,
October 8, 2019. “Inspector General’s Semiannulal Report to the
11
Siddiqui, Faiz, “For Metro, Getting ‘Back2Good’ Board of Directors, No. 24.” WMATA Office of the
Comes with a Six-Figure Price Tag.” The Inspector General, July 25, 2019.
Washington Post, January 4, 2017. https://www.wmata.com/about/inspector-
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr- general/upload/Semiannual-Report-to-the-Board-of-
gridlock/wp/2017/01/04/for-metro-getting- the-Directors-24-IGfinal.pdf.
27
back2good-comes-with-a-six-figure-price-tag/. FSO phone call with WMATA Office of the
12
Ibid. Inspector General, July 29, 2019.
13
Ibid. 28
Pascale, Jordan, “WMATA Spent $416,000 On a
14
Maryland Department of Transportation, “Letter to Self-Cleaning Toilet That No Longer Works.”
WMATA Board of Directors.” Maryland Department WAMU, July 26, 2019.
of Transportation, July 1, 2019. https://wamu.org/story/19/07/26/inspector-general-
https://twitter.com/JWPascale/status/1145792372095 found-wmata-spent-416000-on-a-self-cleaning-toilet-
238150. that-no-longer-works/.
15
Ibid.

11
 https://www.wmata.com/service/status/details/friends
29
FSO phone call with WMATA Office of the hip-heights-escalator.cfm.
47
Inspector General, July 29, 2019. Ibid.
30
Ibid.
48
Crawford, Neta C., “United States Budgetary Costs
31
Ibid. of the Post-9/11 Wars through FY2019: $5.9 Trillion
32
Ibid. Spent and Obligated.” Watson Institute, Brown
33
Ibid. University, November 14, 2018.
34
Ibid. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/
35
FSO phone call with WMATA, October 3, 2019. papers/2018/Crawford_Costs%20of%20War%20Esti
36
FSO phone call with UnSuckDC Metro, October 8, mates%20Through%20FY2019.pdf.
49
2019. U.S. State Department Grant #SCAKAB-18-AW-
37
Zauzmer, Julie, “Dupont Circle and Farragut North 006-SCA-04042018.
50
Stations are Especially Hot Due to Broken Cooling Ibid.
51
System.” The Washington Post, June 23, 2015. Ibid.
52
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr- Ibid.
53
gridlock/wp/2015/06/23/dupont-circle-and-farragut- Ibid.
north-stations-are-hot-due-to-broken-cooling-
54
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, “The World
system/. Factbook: Afghanistan.” U.S. Central Intelligence
38
Natanson, Hannah and Teddy Amenabar, “The Agency, November 4, 2019.
Chiller System for Farragut North and Dupont Circle https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
Metro Stations is Fixed!” The Washington Post, factbook/geos/af.html.
55
September 4, 2019. Ibid.
56
https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2019 Ibid.
57
/09/04/chiller-system-farragut-north-dupont-circle- NIH Grant #5U01DA044400-02.
metro-stations-is-fixed/. https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_descripti
39
WMATA, “Friendship Heights Escalator on.cfm?aid=9751829&icde=0.
58
Replacement.” WMATA, 2019. NIH Grant #1U01DA044400-01A1.
https://www.wmata.com/service/status/details/friends https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_details.cf
hip-heights-escalator.cfm. m?aid=9588840&icde=0.
59
FSO follow-up November 22, 2019. NIH Grant #5U01DA044400-02.
40
Lazo, Luz, “Metro Introduces Free, Covered and https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_descripti
Secured Bike Parking.” The Washington Post, on.cfm?aid=9751829&icde=0.
60
November 13, 2015. Ibid.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-
61
USASpending, “Purchase Order
gridlock/wp/2015/11/13/metro-introduces-free- 19AQMM19P0176,” USASpending.gov, January 2,
covered-and-secured-bike-parking/. 2019.
41
Ibid. https://www.usaspending.gov/#/award/76715377.
42
FSO call with WMATA Office of the Inspector
62
Gramer, Robbie, “Why Did the State Department
General, November 22, 2019. Just Spend $84,375 on a Sculpture by Bob Dylan?”
43
Lazo, Luz, “It’s been 4 Years, and the Chiller Foreign Policy, February 4, 2019.
System for Farragut North and Dupont Circle Metro https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/04/why-did-the-
Stations Still isn’t Fixed.” The Washington Post, state-department-just-spend-84375-dollars-on-bob-
August 20, 2019. dylan-sculpture-art-in-embassies-diplomacy-knockin-
https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2019 on-heavens-door/.
63
/08/20/its-been-years-chiller-system-farragut-north- FSO Staff Email with U.S. Department of State,
dupont-circle-metro-stations-still-isnt-fixed/. March 11, 2019.
44
Ibid.
64
Gramer, Robbie, “Why Did the State Department
45
Natanson, Hannah and Teddy Amenabar, “The Just Spend $84,375 on a Sculpture by Bob Dylan?”
Chiller System for Farragut North and Dupont Circle Foreign Policy, February 4, 2019.
Metro Stations is Fixed!” The Washington Post, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/04/why-did-the-
September 4, 2019. state-department-just-spend-84375-dollars-on-bob-
https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2019 dylan-sculpture-art-in-embassies-diplomacy-knockin-
/09/04/chiller-system-farragut-north-dupont-circle- on-heavens-door/.
metro-stations-is-fixed/.
65
ShareAmerica, “Sharing American Art in
46
WMATA, “Friendship Heights Escalator Embassies.” U.S. Department of State, August 4,
Replacement, WMATA, 2019.

12
 Down—and How to Fix It.” TNTP, 2018.
2017. https://share.america.gov/sharing-american-art- https://opportunitymyth.tntp.org/.
81
embassies/. Ibid.
66
Gramer, Robbie, “Why Did the State Departmetn
82
UNICEF, “Egypt: Education.” UNICEF, 2019.
Just Spend $84,375 on a Sculpture by Bob Dylan?” https://www.unicef.org/egypt/education.
Foreign Policy, February 4, 2019.
83
President Bush, George W., “Presidential Address
https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/04/why-did-the- to the Nation.” The White House, October 7, 2001.
state-department-just-spend-84375-dollars-on-bob- https://georgewbush-
dylan-sculpture-art-in-embassies-diplomacy-knockin- whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/10/2001
on-heavens-door/. 1007-8.html.
84
67
23 U.S.C. § 158. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan
68
Clegg Smith, Katherine, Samantha Cukier, and Reconstruction, “Afghan Children Read Program:
David H. Jernigan, “Defining strategies for Books were Distributed and Used but Problems
promoting product through ‘drink responsibly’ Existed with Printing, Distribution, and
messages in magazine ads for beer, spirits, and Warehousing.” SIGAR, September 9, 2019.
alcopops.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/special%20projects/SIGA
September 2014. R-19-59-SP.pdf.
85
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii Ibid.
86
/S0376871614009156. U.S. Agency for International Development,
69
NIH Project #5R01AA013750. “Afghan Children Read (ACR).” U.S. Agency for
https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_history.cf Interntational Development, 2019.
m?aid=9459273&icde=0. https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/fact-
70
NIH Project #5301AA03750-12. sheets/afghan-children-read-program.
87
https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_descripti Ibid.
88
on.cfm?aid=9459273&icde=0. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan
71
Ibid. Reconstruction, “Afghan Children Read Program:
72
Ibid. Books were Distributed and Used but Problems
73
Cherpitel, CJ, J. Witbrodt, R.A. Korcha, Y. Ye, Existed with Printing, Distribution, and
M.G. Monteiro, P. Chou, Warehousing.” SIGAR, September 9, 2019.
“Dose-Response Relationship of Alcohol and Injury https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/special%20projects/SIGA
Cause: Effects of Country-Level Drinking Pattern R-19-59-SP.pdf.
89
and Alcohol Policy.” Alcohol Clinical and Ibid.
90
Experimental Research, May 2019. Ibid.
91
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30779431. Ibid.
92
74
U.S. Agency for Interational Development Grant Ibid.
93
#72026319RFA00001. ACR Creative Associates Response and Action
75
Ibid. Plan to SIGAR 19-59-SP. Received Direct from
76
Ibid. SIGAR.
77
TNTP, “The Opportunity Myth: What Students
94
Jandrić, Mersida; and Zorica Vasiljević, and Vlado
Can Show Us About How School Is Letting Them Kovačević, “Financing the Dairy Sector in Rural
Down—and How to Fix It.” TNTP, 2018. Areas of the Republic of Serbia: Pešter Region
https://opportunitymyth.tntp.org/. Example.” Agriculture and Forestry, 2015.
78
Ibid. http://89.188.43.75/agricultforest/20150319-
79
Barshay, Jill, “National Test Scores Reveal a 34%20Jandric.pdf.
95
Decade of Educational Stagnation: Signs of Growing U.S. Agency for International Development,
Achievement Gaps, but Strong Gains for Florida.” “Sustainable Local Development Project in Serbia.”
The Hechinger Report, April 10, 2018. U.S. Agency for International Development,
https://hechingerreport.org/national-test-scores- September 21, 2016.
reveal-a-decade-of-educational-stagnation/. https://www.chemonics.com/wp-
This story [https://hechingerreport.org/national-test- content/uploads/2017/10/SLDP-Final-Report.pdf.
96
scores-reveal-a-decade-of-educational-stagnation/] U.S. Agency for International Development, Say
was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, Cheese, Sjenica!” U.S. Agency for International
independent news organization focused on inequality Development, March 27, 2019.
and innovation in education. https://www.usaid.gov/serbia/news-
80
TNTP, “The Opportunity Myth: What Students information/news/say-cheese-sjenica.
97
Can Show Us About How School Is Letting Them Ibid.

13
 National Public Radio, January 9, 2019.
98
U.S. Agency for International Development, https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683339929/nobody-
“Sustainable Local Development Project in Serbia.” is-moving-our-cheese-american-surplus-reaches-
U.S. Agency for International Development, record-high.
September 21, 2016.
https://www.chemonics.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/10/SLDP-Final-Report.pdf.
99
Ibid.
100
Raphelson, Samantha, “Nobody is Moving our
Cheese: American Surplus Reaches Record High.”

14