OPERATION MANUAL

INSTALLATION AND
VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8,
VC-8A, VC-16
4/8/16-Channel PCM and ADPCM Voice
Modules
Megaplex-2100 Version 12, Megaplex-4100 Version 1.2

Innovative Access Solutions

 VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16
4/8/16-Channel PCM and ADPCM Voice Modules
Megaplex-2100/2104 Version 12, Megaplex-4100 Version 1.2
Installation and Operation Manual

Notice
This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications Ltd. ("RAD").
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written
approval by RAD Data Communications.
Right, title and interest, all information, copyrights, patents, know-how, trade secrets and other
intellectual property or other proprietary rights relating to this manual and to the VC-4, VC-4A,
VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16 and any software components contained therein are proprietary products of
RAD protected under international copyright law and shall be and remain solely with RAD.
VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16 is a registered trademark of RAD. No right, license, or interest
to such trademark is granted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest
shall be asserted by you with respect to such trademark.
You shall not copy, reverse compile or reverse assemble all or any portion of the Manual or the
VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16. You are prohibited from, and shall not, directly or indirectly,
develop, market, distribute, license, or sell any product that supports substantially similar
functionality as the VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16, based on or derived in any way from the
VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16. Your undertaking in this paragraph shall survive the termination
of this Agreement.
This Agreement is effective upon your opening of the VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16 package
and shall continue until terminated. RAD may terminate this Agreement upon the breach by you
of any term hereof. Upon such termination by RAD, you agree to return to RAD the VC-4, VC-4A,
VC-8, VC-8A, VC-16 and all copies and portions thereof.
For further information contact RAD at the address below or contact your local distributor.

International Headquarters North America Headquarters

RAD Data Communications Ltd. RAD Data Communications Inc.

24 Raoul Wallenberg Street 900 Corporate Drive

Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
Tel: 972-3-6458181 Tel: (201) 5291100, Toll free: 1-800-4447234
Fax: 972-3-6498250, 6474436 Fax: (201) 5295777
E-mail: market@[Link] E-mail: market@[Link]

© 1988–2007 RAD Data Communications Ltd. Publication No. 764-238-10/07

 Quick Start Guide

If you are familiar with the VC modules, use this guide to prepare the module for
operation.

1. Preparation for Operation

Insert the module in the assigned I/O slot.
Connect the prescribed cable to the appropriate module connector, in accordance
with the site installation plan.
Make sure the Megaplex unit can provide the required feed or signaling voltage
(i.e., it has a DC power supply or a Ringer-2100R module, or is connected to a
Ringer-2000 or Ringer-2200N).

2. Configuration Procedure
• To configure the general module parameters and parameters of all the
module channels in the MP-2100/MP-2104 chassis, type the command:
DEF CH SS * or DEF CH SS CC
where SS is the slot number, and CC is the channel number (1 to 4 for VC-4
and VC-4A, 1 to 8 for VC-8 and VC-8A, 1 to 16 for VC-16).
• To configure the module and channel parameters in the MP-4100 chassis, use
the Configuration>Physical Ports>I/O>[slot number] screen.
Configuration parameters and the range of values are listed in the following tables.

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Configuration Procedure 1

Quick Start Guide Installation and Operation Manual

3. General Parameters

Parameter Range of Values

Coding a LAW
u LAW

Signaling NO
RBMF (T1 only)
RBF
CAS (E1 only)

Encoding PCM
ADPCM

Compress Method (does not appear G.726

for PCM encoding) G.727
N/A
Metering
16K
12K
NORMAL
Signaling Services (MP-2100/2104
ADVANCED
only)

4. Channel Parameters

Parameter Range of Values

NO
YES
Connect (MP-2100/2104 only)
V5.1 (FXS, PCM encoding only)
V5.2 (FXS, PCM encoding only)

UP
Admin Status (MP-4100 only)
DOWN

Transmit Level According to the table below

Receive Level According to the table below

Wires Num 4 WIRES (E&M only)

2 WIRES

Interface (FXS/FXO only) LOOP START

WINK START (PCM encoding only)

Sig Feed (FXO only) N/A

NO
YES

2 Channel Parameters VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

Installation and Operation Manual Quick Start Guide

Parameter Range of Values

Type (E&M only) TYPE 1

TYPE 2
TYPE 3
SSDC5
N/A

Operation Mode* BI-DIR

UNI-BRD TX
UNI-BRD RX

Echo Canceler YES

NO

IO-1 up to the maximum

ML Slot* (MP-2100/2104 only)
supported by the chassis

ML Channel* (MP-2100/2104 only) EX1 up to the maximum supported

by the selected main link module

Destination Slot (MP-4100 only) CL, IO-1 to IO-10

Destination Port (MP-4100 only) 1 to 8 for external ports

1 to 63 (1 to 84) for internal
(virtual) PDH ports

Map Type* N/A

USER
SEQUENCE

Start TS* N/A

1 to 31 for E1 links
1 to 24 for T1 links

Port ID (MP-2100/2104, V5.1 only) 0 to 16, 777 ,215

*Not displayed for FXS channel connected to V5.1 or V5.2 interface.

Transmit and Receive Levels for Various Interfaces

Module Interface Transmit Receive

[dbm] [dbm]
min max min max

E&M regular -10 +5 -17 +2

E&M 4W enhanced -17 +5 -17 +9

(VC-16 in MP-2100/2104 only)

FXS -5 +5 -17 +1

FXO -3.5 +5 -17 +1

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Channel Parameters 3

Quick Start Guide Installation and Operation Manual

5. Assigning Timeslots
Assign the uplink bandwidth to each connected channel as follows:

• When using the BI-DIR or UNI-BRD TX mode in the module installed in the
MP-2100/2104 chassis, use the DEF TS command or DEF SPLIT TS [Link]
command to assign a fraction of a timeslot (ADPCM mode only), as explained in
the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual. For the module
installed in the MP-4100 chassis, use the Configuration>System>TS
Assignment screen.
• When using the UNI-BRD RX or BID-BRD RX mode in the module installed in
the MP-2100/2104 chassis, timeslot assignment for the receive direction is
made using the dedicated routing fields of the DEF CH command.
• When using the UNI-BRD RX mode in the module installed in the MP-4100
chassis, use the Configuration>Physical ports>IO screen.

4 Assigning Timeslots VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

 Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Overview....................................................................................................................1-1
Module Versions .....................................................................................................1-2
E&M Module Characteristics and Applications ..........................................................1-2
E&M Module Characteristics ...............................................................................1-2
VC-16/E&M Applications .....................................................................................1-4
FXS and FXO Modules Characteristics and Applications ............................................1-4
FXS Module Characteristics .................................................................................1-5
FXO Module Characteristics ................................................................................1-5
Off-Premises Extension (OPX) Applications .........................................................1-6
Automatic Ringdown (PLAR) Applications............................................................1-6
PSTN Access Applications ...................................................................................1-6
Direct Inward Dialing (DID) Applications..............................................................1-7
Payphone Applications .......................................................................................1-8
1.2 Physical Description ...................................................................................................1-8
VC-16 Front Panels .................................................................................................1-8
VC-8 and VC-8A Front Panels ................................................................................1-10
VC-4 and VC-4A Front Panels ................................................................................1-11
1.3 Functional Description..............................................................................................1-12
Audio Channel Characteristics ...............................................................................1-12
Timeslot Assignment.............................................................................................1-13
VC-4, VC-8, VC-16 Modules...............................................................................1-13
VC-4A, VC-8A Modules......................................................................................1-13
System Capacity ...................................................................................................1-13
Broadcast Applications..........................................................................................1-14
Handling of Signaling Information – Legacy Main Link Mode ..................................1-14
Signaling Methods............................................................................................1-15
Signaling for ADPCM Mode ...............................................................................1-16
Signaling Information .......................................................................................1-17
Signaling Profiles..............................................................................................1-19
Signal Profile Translation for T1 Links in ADPCM Mode ......................................1-19
Signaling Feedback...........................................................................................1-19
OOS Signaling ..................................................................................................1-20
Handling of Signaling Information – V5.1 and V5.2 Modes .....................................1-20
Configuration and Management ............................................................................1-20
Test and Diagnostic Capabilities ............................................................................1-20
1.4 Technical Specifications............................................................................................1-21

Chapter 2. Installation and Operation

2.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................2-1
2.2 Installing the Modules ................................................................................................2-1
2.3 Connecting the Cables................................................................................................2-2
Connector Data ......................................................................................................2-2
E&M Module Connectors ....................................................................................2-2
FXS and FXO Module Connectors ........................................................................2-2
Connecting the Cables to Module Connector ...........................................................2-2
Connecting the Signaling and Feed Voltage Source ..................................................2-3

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 i

Table of Contents Installation and Operation Manual

Chapter 3. Configuration
3.1 Overview....................................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Configuration Sequence for the MP-2100/2104 Chassis..............................................3-1
3.3 Configuration Sequence for the MP-4100 Chassis.......................................................3-2
3.4 Configuration Parameters...........................................................................................3-3
General Module Parameters ....................................................................................3-3
Channel Parameters................................................................................................3-4
3.5 Assigning Timeslots....................................................................................................3-8
3.6 Displaying Status and Configuration Information ........................................................3-8

Chapter 4. Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

4.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Test and Diagnostic Functions....................................................................................4-1
Local Digital Loopback (Local Loop).........................................................................4-2
Remote Digital Loopback (Remote Loop).................................................................4-2
Forward Tone Injection ...........................................................................................4-3
Backward Tone Injection .........................................................................................4-4
4.3 Troubleshooting.........................................................................................................4-5
4.4 Frequently Asked Questions .......................................................................................4-6
4.5 Technical Support ......................................................................................................4-7

Appendix A. Pinouts

ii VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

 Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
This manual describes the technical characteristics, applications, installation and
operation of the VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A and VC-16 voice interface modules for
the Megaplex-2100, Megaplex-2104, and Megaplex-4100 integrated access
multiplexers.
The VC-16 module provides 16 voice channels using toll-quality 64 kbps PCM
voice encoding complying with ITU-T Rec. G.711 and AT&T Pub. 43801. The VC-8
and VC-4 modules are similar, except that they provide 8 or 4 channels,
respectively.
The VC-8A and VC-4a modules provide 8, respectively 4, voice channels using one
of two user-selectable voice encoding modes:
• Toll-quality 64 kbps PCM voice encoding in compliance with ITU-T Rec. G.711
and AT&T Pub. 43801
• Toll-quality 32 kbps ADPCM voice compression encoding in compliance with
ITU-T Rec. G.726 and G.727.
Note
The VC-4A/8A module family, as opposed to the VC-4/8/16 family, has been
designed to provide mainly ADPCM services. If you need PCM services only, the
VC-4/8/16 family will fully satisfy your needs. However, in addition to their main
destination, the VC-4A/8A/16A modules also support the PCM voice encoding.

The modules offer flexible configuration of all their operational parameters,

including automatic selection of the signaling information format in accordance
with the operation mode.
Each voice channel of the VC modules supports Caller ID by transparently
transferring the FSK modem tones between the incoming rings. With this feature,
a customer subscribed to a Caller ID service can see the Caller ID of an incoming
or waiting call with any Caller ID display equipment.
The voice channels of the VC-4, VC-8 and VC-16 modules support SMS message
transfer between the telephones using DECT protocol.
In ADPCM encoding mode, each channel requires only half a timeslot. Therefore, a
single E1 link can carry up to 31 x 2=61 voice channels and a single T1 link can
carry up to 24 x 2=48 voice channels.

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Overview 1-1

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

Module Versions
The VC modules are available in the following versions:
• E&M – supports EIA RS-464 Types I, II, III and V (BT SSDC5) signaling. A special
E&M/POS version of VC-8 and VC-16 with positive signaling is available for
use in those applications (for example, radio transmitters) where positive
signaling voltage is required, enabling the module signaling operation at +5V
or +12V. A special E&M/EXT version can be ordered for working with the
standard E&M (–48 VDC) voltage.
• FXS – supports both loop-start and wink-start signaling, with battery polarity
reversal and pulse metering.
This module version also supports connection to V5.1 and V5.2 interfaces. A
Megaplex-2100/2104 using E1 links operating in the V5.2 end point mode can
connect up to 120 voice channels over one E1 trunk. For this purpose, it is
necessary to install the required number of VC-16/FXS modules in the chassis
(up to a maximum of 8 VC-16/FXS), together with a single E1 main link
module (either a single- or dual-port module). The resulting concentration
ratio is maximum 120:30 (4:1), which ensures a high grade of service (GoS)
even for heavy traffic loads.
• FXO – supports both loop-start and wink-start signaling, with battery polarity
reversal and pulse metering.

Note
In this manual, the generic term VC is used when the information is applicable to
all the VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8, VC-8A and VC-16 module versions, and the term
Megaplex is used when the information is applicable to all Megaplex chassis types
(Megaplex-2100, Megaplex-2104 and Megaplex-4100). The complete designation
is used only for information applicable to a specific version.

E&M Module Characteristics and Applications

E&M Module Characteristics

The E&M modules have user-selectable 2-wire or 4-wire analog interfaces using
E&M signaling. The interface type (2-wire or 4-wire) can be independently
selected for each pair of channels (1, 2; 3, 4; etc.). A special 4-wire version with
enhanced gain control is available for the VC-16/E&M module operating in a
Megaplex-2100/2104 chassis.
The E&M modules support four types of E&M signaling: EIA RS-464 types I, II, III
and V (similar to British Telecom SSDC5). Figure 1-1 shows the equivalent
signaling circuits for the different signaling modes.
The signaling type can be independently selected for each group of four channels
(1, 2, 3, 4; 5, 6, 7, 8; etc.).
• EIA RS-464 Type I signaling standard is supported without any external power
supply.
• EIA RS-464 Type II, III and V (BT SSDC5) signaling standards are supported by
means of the internal -12 VDC power supply of the chassis. The -12 VDC
voltage is suitable for most PBX systems. However, for full support of the EIA

1-2 Overview VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

RS-464 Type II, III and V (BT SSDC5) signaling standards, a -48 VDC signaling
voltage is required. For this purpose, a special E&M/EXT version can be
ordered from RAD.
E&M
PBX Interface
Condition M E
-48VDC M Lead
On-Hook GND Open
Off-Hook - 48VDC GND

E Lead
- 48VDC

A. RS-464 Type I
E&M
PBX Interface
Condition M/SB E/SG
M Lead
On-Hook Open Open
Off-Hook - 48VDC GND
SB Lead
- 48VDC
E Lead
- 48VDC
SG Lead

B. RS-464 Type II
E&M
PBX Interface
Condition M/SB E/SG
M Lead
On-Hook Open Open
Off-Hook - 48VDC GND
SB Lead
- 48VDC
E Lead
- 48VDC
SG Lead

C. RS-464 Type III

E& M
PBX Interface
Condition M E
1.2 kΩ M Lead
- 48VDC O n- Ho ok O pen O p en
O f f- Hook G ND G ND

E Lead 1.2 kΩ
- 48VDC

D. RS-464 Type V, SSDC5

E& M
PBX Interface
Condit ion M SG
M Lea d
+12 VDC O n - Hoo k O pe n O pen
Of f- Hook G ND G ND

+5 VDC SG Lea d
+12 VDC

LEGEND

E. E&M/POS Version (Type II only)

= Signaling Detector Circuit

Figure 1-1. E&M Equivalent Signaling Circuits

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Overview 1-3

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

The required -48 VDC voltage is always available when the Megaplex chassis is
powered from a -48 VDC source. An AC-powered Megaplex-2100 or
Megaplex-4100 chassis can be either equipped with a Ringer-2100R module,
or can be connected to an external ringer unit, for example, the Ringer-2000
or Ringer-2200N units offered by RAD (see the appropriate Ringer Installation
and Operation Manual for details).
In addition, the AC-powered Megaplex-2104 chassis can be ordered with an
internal ringer (/RI option).

Note
See Connecting the Signaling and Feed Voltage Source in Chapter 2 for details on
DC power sources and connection methods.

A special E&M/POS version of VC-8 and VC-16 with positive signaling enables
the module signaling operation at +5V or +12V (see Figure 1-1E). In this
mode, the VC module sends signaling to the PBX by connecting GND to the
SG pin. The E pin is permanently connected to GND and is not used.

VC-16/E&M Applications
Figure 1-2 shows a basic E&M tie line application using VC-16/E&M modules.
In this application, one VC-16/E&M module is used to provide 16 E&M tie lines
between two analog PBXs through the E1 or T1 link interconnecting the Megaplex
systems.

Figure 1-2. Basic Application for VC-16/E&M Modules

FXS and FXO Modules Characteristics and Applications

The FXS and FXO modules are used to connect regular telephone sets (and other
equipment with similar interface characteristics) to central office (PSTN) and PBX
extension lines.
FXS and FXO modules are intended for operation in a link, with the FXS module at
the subscriber side and the FXO module at the central office or PBX side.
However, FXS modules can also operate in a link with E&M modules.
When used in the V5.1 or V5.2 connect mode, the FXS module at the subscriber
side connects directly, through the V5 interface of the Megaplex unit, to the
exchange. In this mode, no FXO modules are needed at the exchange side.
Figure 1-3 shows a typical V5.2 application for VC-16/FXS modules.

Note V5 applications are not available in the Megaplex-4100 chassis.

1-4 Overview VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

Figure 1-3. Basic V5.2 Application for VC-16/FXS Modules

FXS Module Characteristics

The FXS modules have 2-wire analog interfaces and support FXS loop-start
signaling, for direct connection to subscriber telephone sets.
The FXS modules also support wink-start signaling. For VC-4 and VC-8 modules,
the selection is made for the entire group of the module channels. For VC-16/FXS
modules, the signaling mode (loop-start or wink-start) can be independently
selected for each group of eight channels (1 to 8 and 9 to 16).
To enable wink-start signaling, the FXS modules support feed voltage (battery)
polarity reversal.
For direct connection to payphones, the FXS modules also support metering pulse
generation. The user can select the metering pulses frequency (12 kHz or
16 kHz).
The FXS modules require -48 VDC to supply the subscriber feed and ring voltages.
The ring voltage is generated on the module itself, by an internal ringer.
The required voltage can be supplied via the internal supply voltage connector of
the module, from the chassis voltage distribution bus (see Connecting the
Signaling and Feed Voltage Source in Chapter 2 for details).
In addition to -48 VDC, the VC-4/FXS and VC-8/FXS/RJ modules can also operate
with -24 VDC. The VC-8/FXS and VC-16/FXS modules have a special ordering
option for -24 VDC operation.

Note
FXS modules can supply the subscriber feed voltage from any DC input voltage in
the range of -20 to -56 VDC. However, feed voltages lower than the nominal
-48 VDC will reduce the loop span. For example, for -24 VDC feed voltage, the
maximum loop span over typical local plant pairs is 1 km.

FXO Module Characteristics

The FXO modules have 2-wire analog interfaces and support FXO loop-start
signaling for direct connection to central office and PBX extension lines.
The FXO modules also support wink-start signaling. For VC-16/FXO modules, the
signaling mode (loop-start or wink-start) can be independently selected for each
group of eight channels (1 to 8 and 9 to 16).
To enable wink-start signaling, the FXO module supports the detection of feed
voltage (battery) polarity reversal.

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Overview 1-5

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

To permit connection to payphones, the FXO modules also support metering

pulse detection. The user can select the metering pulse detection frequency
(12 kHz or 16 kHz).
The FXO modules do not require any external supply voltage.

Off-Premises Extension (OPX) Applications

In a typical OPX application (see Figure 1-4), one FXO module located at the PBX
side is used in a link with an FXS module to provide up to 16 off-premises
extensions for an analog PBX connected to the FXO module channels.

Figure 1-4. OPX Application for FXO and FXS Modules

The system configuration shown in Figure 1-4 permits using telephones

connected to the channels of an FXS module installed in the Megaplex unit
located at the other end of the link as extensions of an analog PBX. Each remote
telephone then becomes a regular local PBX subscriber, which can be dialed by
other subscribers using standard procedures, and can also dial any other PBX
subscriber and use all the services available to local PBX subscribers.

Automatic Ringdown (PLAR) Applications

Another application, which requires only FXS modules, is the private line with
automatic ringdown (PLAR), also called “hot line”.
In a PLAR or “hot line” application, telephone sets are connected to the channels
of FXS modules installed in two different Megaplex units that are connected by
an E1 or T1 link, as shown in Figure 1-5. For AC-powered Megaplex units, the
subscriber feed voltage can be provided by Ringer-2100R modules installed in
each Megaplex.

Figure 1-5. PLAR Application for FXS Modules

Each pair of telephones (local and remote) can then communicate directly
without dialing: when one telephone goes off-hook, the other telephone rings.

PSTN Access Applications

Due to the flexible signaling configuration capabilities, the FXO modules can also
be used on links ending in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A
typical PSTN access application is shown in Figure 1-6.

1-6 Overview VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

Figure 1-6. PSTN Application for FXO Modules

In the application shown in Figure 1-6, the extension lines of an analog PBX are
connected to the channels of an FXO module, installed in a Megaplex unit
connected to the PSTN through an E1 or T1 trunk line. This enables the PBX
subscribers to dial PSTN subscribers through the Megaplex link, and PSTN
subscribers can dial to PBX subscribers.

Direct Inward Dialing (DID) Applications

FXS and FXO modules support battery voltage polarity reversal for wink-start
signaling, which is used in direct inward dialing (DID) applications.
With DID, a PSTN subscriber first dials the number of one of the PBX external
(trunk) lines, and after getting the PBX dial tone, can continue dialing the number
of the desired PBX extension, without requiring the assistance of the PBX
operator.
Figure 1-7 shows a typical DID application.

Figure 1-7. Wink-Start Trunk Extension for DID Application using FXO and FXS Modules

As shown in Figure 1-7, the analog PBX trunk lines are connected to the PSTN
through a Megaplex link. The FXO module channels connect to the PBX
extensions, and the central office (PSTN switch) lines that use wink-start
signaling are connected to the corresponding FXS module channels.

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Overview 1-7

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

Payphone Applications
Payphone applications use 12 kHz or 16 kHz pulses for metering line utilization.
The FXO module supports the detection of 12 or 16 kHz metering pulses at the
central office or PBX side, and the FXS module supports the generation of 12 or
16 kHz metering pulses, for direct connection to public payphones.
Therefore, a Megaplex link can be used to connect payphones to a central office
or PBX, as shown in Figure 1-8.

Figure 1-8. Payphone Application using FXO and FXS Modules

In the typical payphone application shown in Figure 1-8, an FXO module is

installed at the PBX or central office side, and the public payphones are
connected to an FXS module installed in the off-premises Megaplex.
The remote payphone then becomes a regular local PBX subscriber, which can be
dialed by other subscribers using standard procedures, and can also dial any
other PBX subscriber, while transferring the metering signaling for billing
purposes.

1.2 Physical Description

The VC modules occupy one module slot in the Megaplex chassis. All their
characteristics are controlled by software.
The module panels are described below.

VC-16 Front Panels

Figure 1-9 shows typical panels of VC-16 modules.

1-8 Physical Description VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2
Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

VC-16 VC-16 VC-16

E&M FXS FXO

Voice Channels CH
9 to 16 9-16
Connector

Voice Channel Voice Channel

Connector Connector
(for all channels) (for all channels)

CH
1-8

Voice Channels
1 to 8
Connector

VC-16/E&M VC-16/FXS VC-16/FXO

Figure 1-9. VC-16 Module Panels

There are no indicators on the VC-16 module panels, but only voice channel
connectors.
The VC-16/E&M modules have two 68-pin female SCSI connectors, one for voice
channels 1 to 8 and the other for voice channels 9 to 16.
VC-16/FXS and VC-16/FXO modules have one 50-pin female Telco connector, for
connection of all the voice channels.

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Physical Description 1-9
Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

VC-8 and VC-8A Front Panels

Figure 1-10 shows typical panels of VC-8 modules.

VC-8 VC-8 VC-8 VC-8/RJ VC-8/RJ

E&M FXS FXO FXS FXO

LOC
RING
CH-1
CH-1
REM
REM
LOC
RING
CH-2
CH-2
REM
REM
LOC
RING
CH-3
CH-3
REM
REM
LOC
RING
CH-4
CH-4
REM
REM

LOC RING
Voice CH-5 CH-5
REM
Channel LOC
REM
RING
Voice Connector CH-6 CH-6
REM REM
Channel (for all LOC RING
Connector channels) REM
CH-7 CH-7
CH REM
1-8 (for all LOC RING

channels) REM
CH-8
REM
CH-8

VC-8/E&M VC-8/FXS VC-8/FXO VC-8/RJ/FXS VC-8/RJ/FXO

Figure 1-10. VC-8 Module Panels

Figure 1-10 shows typical panels of VC-8A modules.

VC-8A VC-8A VC-8A

E&M FXS FXO

LOC
RING
CH-1
CH-1
REM
REM
LOC
RING
CH-2
CH-2
REM
REM
LOC
RING
CH-3
CH-3
REM
REM
LOC
RING
CH-4
CH-4
REM
REM

LOC RING
CH-5 CH-5
REM REM
LOC RING
Voice CH-6 CH-6
REM REM
Channel LOC RING
Connector REM
CH-7 CH-7
CH REM
1-8 (for all LOC RING

channels) REM
CH-8
REM
CH-8

VC-8A/E&M VC-8A/FXS VC-8A/FXO

Figure 1-11. VC-8A Module Panels

The VC-8/E&M and VC-8A/E&M module interfaces have one 68-pin female SCSI
connector.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

The VC-8 FXS and FXO modules have two modifications with different type of
connectors: VC-8 and VC-8/RJ.
In VC-8 modules, all the module channels are terminated in a 50-pin female Telco
connector. The VC-8/RJ module interface and the VC-8A module interfaces are
terminated in eight RJ-12 connectors – one per channel.

VC-4 and VC-4A Front Panels

Figure 1-12 and Figure 1-13 show typical panels of VC-4 and VC-4A modules,
respectively.
The 4-channel E&M module interface is terminated in four RJ-45 connectors –
one per channel.
The 4-channel FXS and FXO module interfaces are terminated in four RJ-12
connectors – one per channel.

VC-4 VC-4 VC-4

E&M FXS FXO

E LOC RING
CH1 CH1 CH1
M REM REM
E LOC
RING
CH2 CH2 CH2
M REM REM
E LOC RING
CH3 CH3 CH3
M REM REM
LOC RING
E
CH4 CH4 CH4
REM REM
M

VC-4/E&M VC-4/FXS VC-4/FXO

Figure 1-12. VC-4 Module Panels

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VC-4A VC-4A VC-4A

E&M FXS FXO

E LOC RING
CH1 CH1 CH1
M REM REM
E LOC
RING
CH2 CH2 CH2
M REM REM
E LOC RING
CH3 CH3 CH3
M REM REM
LOC RING
E
CH4 CH4 CH4
REM REM
M

VC-4A/E&M VC-4A/FXS VC-4A/FXO

Figure 1-13. VC-4A Module Panels

1.3 Functional Description

Audio Channel Characteristics

All the VC modules provide high-quality voice channels (the functional difference
between the various modules being in the signaling interface and mode). The
analog interface for the E&M modules is user-selectable for 2-wire or 4-wire; for
the other versions, a 2-wire interface is always used.
Voice encoding method for all VC-4A and VC-8A module versions is
user-selectable for either toll-quality 64 kbps PCM or 32/24 kbps ADPCM. The
VC-4, VC-8 and VC-16 modules feature only PCM encoding.
The user can select the companding law, μ-law or A-law, in accordance with
system requirements. In accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.711, the A-law should be
used on E1 trunks and the μ-law should be used on T1 trunks. However, the user
can select the desired companding law, μ-law or A-law, in accordance with the
specific system requirements.
To increase application flexibility, the nominal audio transmit and receive levels of
all the module versions can be adjusted over a wide range.
Due to the high quality audio reproduction, DTMF signaling is transparently
transferred, inband. Therefore, the user can use DTMF signaling as usual, e.g.,
can operate the telephone set keypad to access voice mail systems, interactive
systems, etc.
The VC-4A and VC-8A modules use G.168 standard for echo cancellation (up to
4 ms per channel).

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

Timeslot Assignment

VC-4, VC-8, VC-16 Modules

The VC-4/8/16 modules use 64 kbps PCM encoding, and therefore require one
uplink timeslot per voice channel. The allocation method depends on the
operating mode of the uplinks:
• When working with MP-4100 or MP-2100/2104 legacy main links, the user
can freely route each voice channel to any uplink port. The voice channel data
is provided in DS-0 (8 bits) compatible format, permitting voice channel
routing by DACS cross-connect systems.
• When using the V5.1 connect mode, the timeslot assignment is controlled by
the active variant configured by the user on the main link connected to the
V5.1 local exchange. One timeslot is assigned to each channel in the V5.1
main link port, whether it is active (off-hook) or not.
• When using the V5.2 connect mode, the assignment of timeslots on the main
links participating in the V5.2 interface is dynamically controlled by the V5.2
local exchange. Therefore, only an active (off-hook) channel occupies a
timeslot on the link to the local exchange: no timeslots need be wasted on
inactive (on-hook) channels. As a result, the total number of channels that
can access timeslots in the V5.2 interface is up to the maximum supported by
the Megaplex TDM buses, that is, 120 channels.
The channels that can access the V5.2 interface are configured by means of
the active V5.2 variant.
The V5.1 and V5.2 connect modes are supported only by FXS modules installed in
a MP-2100/2104 chassis.

VC-4A, VC-8A Modules

The VC-4A/8A modules require one aggregate timeslot per voice channel in PCM
mode, or one timeslot per pair of voice channels in ADPCM mode.
The main link bandwidth required by a module depends on the encoding method,
PCM or ADPCM:
• With PCM encoding, the modules require one main link timeslot, per voice
channel, and provide the data in a DS-0 (8-bits) compatible format,
permitting voice channel switching in a DACs-based cross-connect system.
• With ADPCM encoding, the module requires only one main link timeslot for
each pair of voice channels. Note that consecutive channels (e.g. CH 1–2,
3–4, … 15-16) must be assigned to share the same timeslot).

System Capacity
The maximum capacity of transmitting VC channels in a chassis depends on the
following parameters:
• Chassis type (MP-2100, MP-2104, MP-4100) and its timeslot capacity
• The number and type of main links installed

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• The number of free I/O slots for VC modules to be installed and the type
of VC modules
• Operating mode (PCM or ADPCM).
Table 1-1 displays the maximum number of channels supported by
Megaplex-2100 and Megaplex-2104 in some optimal configurations.
For a detailed description of the MP-2100/2104 main link module capabilities,
refer to the ML-1E1/ML-2E1 and ML-1T1/ML-2T1 Installation and Operation
Manuals.

Table 1-1. Maximum Channels Supported by Megaplex-2100 and Megaplex-2104 Configurations

Megaplex No. and type of No. and Type of No. and Type of VC Max. no. of
Chassis links ML Installed Installed channels supported
and Mode

MP-2100 4 x E1 2 x ML-2E1 7 x VC-16 + 1 x VC-8 120

PCM 4 x T1 2 x ML-2T1 6 x VC-16 96

1 x E1 1 x ML-1E1/V52 7 x VC-16 + 1 x VC-8 120

MP-2100 2 x E1 1 x ML-2E1 11 x VC-8A 88

ADPCM 2 x T1 1 x ML-2T1 11 x VC-8A 88

MP-2104 2 x E1 1 x ML-2E1 4 x VC-16 60

PCM 2 x T1 1 x ML-2T1 3 x VC-16 48

1 x E1 1 x ML-1E1/V52 4 x VC-16 64

MP-2104 1 x E1 1 x ML-1E1 4 x VC-8A 32

ADPCM 1 x T1 1 x ML-1T1 4 x VC-8A 32

The maximum MP-4100 chassis capacity is equivalent to 63 E1 or 84 T1 trunks.

Broadcast Applications
In addition to the normal (bidirectional) mode of operation, the VC modules
support the unidirectional broadcast mode. For a description of these modes,
refer to the corresponding Megaplex Installation and Operation Manual.

Handling of Signaling Information – Legacy Main Link Mode

The VC modules automatically adapt the generation and interpretation of the
signaling information to their analog interface type (E&M, FXS or FXO) and to the
signaling mode selected by the user (loop-start or wink-start).
The VC modules also permit flexible configuration of the signaling mode. The
signaling format, down to the level of the individual bits in the channel signaling
information word, can be modified by defining signaling profiles and then
selecting the desired profile per link or per timeslot on the main link port serving
the VC module.

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The following sections describe the handling of the signaling information in

MP-4100 and when using the legacy main link service mode in MP-2100/2104.

Signaling Methods
You can select the format of the signaling information generated by VC modules
in accordance with the application requirements.
The signaling information of each channel is carried by means of up to four bits
(signaling bits), designated by the applicable standards as bits A, B, C, and D. The
number of bits actually available for carrying signaling information, and the data
rate at which signaling information can be transferred depend on the main link
type (E1 or T1), the framing mode and the encoding type (PCM or ADPCM) being
used:
• For E1 trunks with G.732N framing, no signaling information is transmitted.
• For E1 trunks with G.732S framing, which use a 16-frame multiframe
structure, the standard signaling method is Channel Associated Signaling
(CAS). In the PCM mode, timeslot 16 carries four signaling bits for each
payload timeslot. In ADPCM mode two signaling bits are available for each
channel.
• For T1 trunks with ESF framing, which use a 24-frame multiframe structure,
the standard signaling method is inband Robbed Bit Multiframe (RBMF)
signaling. The ESF multiframe structure includes four signaling bits for each
payload timeslot. When this method is used, the least significant bit of each
channel is periodically overwritten with signaling information. In ADPCM mode
two signaling bits are available for each channel.
• T1 trunks with SF (D4) framing, which use a 12-frame multiframe structure,
also use the RBMF signaling method. Because of the shorter multiframe
structure, in this case only two signaling bits (A and B) are available for each
payload timeslot. In ADPCM mode only one signaling bit is available for each
channel.
• RAD Proprietary “Robbed Bit Frame” (RBF) signaling, applicable for both E1
and T1 trunks, avoids the need for multiframe synchronization. This method
allocates the least significant bit of each channel to its own signaling
information. Therefore, signaling is transparently transferred within the
timeslot carrying the encoded audio signal, but because PCM encoding is
effectively done with 7-bit resolution, there is a slight decrease in
transmission quality. This proprietary method allows the transmission of 31
voice channels by a Megaplex system with E1 links, when using G.732N
framing.
For applications which do not require end-to-end signaling, or can use only
inband signaling, e.g., DTMF, the user can disable the transfer of signaling
information.
For your convenience, Table 1-2 lists the number of signaling bits as a function of
voice encoding and framing method.

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Table 1-2. Number of Available Signaling Bits

Voice Signaling Type E1 Main Link T1 Main Link

Encoding G.732S G.732N ESF SF (D4)

PCM CAS 4 Not supported Not supported Not supported

Robbed Bit Multiframe Not supported Not supported 4 2

(RBMF)

Robbed Bit Frame (RBF) 1 1 1 1

ADPCM CAS 2 Not supported Not supported Not supported

Robbed Bit Multiframe Not supported Not supported 2 1

(RBMF)

Robbed Bit Frame (RBF) 1 1 1 1

Signaling for ADPCM Mode

The signaling is slightly different when using ADPCM voice encoding:
• E1 used as main link – timeslot 16 consists of four bits A, B, C, D (as in PCM)
for a specific timeslot. However, since in ADPCM mode each channel requires
only half a timeslot, the first two bits serve the first channel and the last two
bits serve the second channel.

A B A B A B A B

CH1 CH2 CH(N) CH(N+1)

TS1 TS17

• T1 used as main link - The A, B, C and D bits of each channel are transmitted
through the following frames:
ESF Framing: 6,12,18 and 24. Each channel has two signaling bits.
SF Framing: 6 and 12 only. Each channel has a single signaling bit.

A B A B

CH1 CH1 CH2 CH2

Frame Frame Frame Frame
6 12 18 24

In ESF Mode Only

Note
When VC modules operate in ADPCM mode and RBMF signaling with T1 links in
the SF framing mode, the Tx/Rx Translation of the main link module must be
configured in accordance with Table 1-7.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

Signaling Information
The signaling information exchanged by the channels of VC modules is used for
the following purposes:
• Determine the state of the E and M leads
• Report the detection of on-hook/off-hook conditions, and control DC closure
across the line
• Report the detection of ringing and control the sending of ringing
• Control the generation and detection of feed voltage polarity reversal (PCM
mode only)
• Control the generation and detection of metering pulses (PCM mode only)
Each type of VC module generates and interprets signaling information in
accordance with the analog interface type (E&M, FXS or FXO) and the signaling
mode selected by the user (loop-start or wink-start).
The format of the signaling information generated by a VC module operating in
the PCM mode, which depends on the analog interface type (E&M, FXS or FXO)
and the signaling mode (loop-start or wink-start), is given in Table 1-3, Table 1-4
and Table 1-5. The identification of the signaling bit states is consistent with the
Megaplex default profile designations.

Table 1-3. Default Signaling Bit States for E&M Modules (PCM mode)

Analog Interface Signaling Bits

Direction
State A B C D

On-Hook 0 1 0 1
Tx
Off-Hook 1 1 0 1

Ring 1 X X X
Rx
No Ring 0 X X X

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Table 1-4. Default Signaling Bit States for FXS Modules (PCM mode)

Signaling Direction Analog Interface State Signaling Bits

Mode
A B C D

On-Hook 0 1 0 1
Tx
Off-Hook 1 1 0 1
Loop Start
Ring 1 X X X
Rx
No Ring 0 X X X

On-Hook 0 1 0 1
Tx
Off-Hook 1 1 0 1

Ring 1 X

No Ring 0 X
Wink Start
Reversed Polarity 0 0 X
Rx
Not Reversed Polarity 1 0 X

Metering Pulse 1 1 X

No Metering Pulse 1 0 X

Table 1-5. Default Signaling Bit States for FXO Modules (PCM mode)

Signaling Direction Analog Interface State Signaling Bits

Mode
A B C D

No Ring 0 1 0 1
Tx
Ring Detected 1 1 0 1
Loop Start
Remote On-Hook 0 X X X
Rx
Remote Off-Hook 1 X X X

No Ring 0 1

Ring Detected 1 1

Reversed Polarity 0 0 1
Tx
Not Reversed Polarity 1 0 1
Wink Start
Metering Pulse 1 1 1

No Metering Pulse 1 0 1

Remote On-Hook 0 X X X
Rx
Remote Off-Hook 1 X X X

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

Note In the tables above, X indicates that the corresponding bit is not relevant.

Note In most applications, the user need not be concerned with the issue of signaling
information.

Signaling Profiles
The additional flexibility needed to meet the requirements of special applications
is provided by means of signaling profiles, which control the processing of
signaling information received and transmitted by each uplink:
• A signaling profile enables the user to select the translation of each individual
signaling bit. The available selections are A, B, C, D (value copied from the
corresponding incoming bit), ~A, ~B, ~C, ~D (inverted value of corresponding
incoming bit), 0 (always 0), and 1 (always 1).
• In addition to the translation of individual bits, the receive path conversion
section can also be used to define the signaling bit patterns that indicate the
busy and idle states.

Table 1-6. Signaling Bits for VC Modules in ADPCM Mode

Direction Analog Interface Digital Signaling Bits

A1 B1 A2 B2

Tx On-Hook 0 1 0 1

Off-Hook 1 1 1 1

Rx Ring 1 x 1 x

No-Ring 0 x 0 x

Signal Profile Translation for T1 Links in ADPCM Mode

When VC-4A and VC-8A modules operate in ADPCM mode with T1 links in the SF
framing mode with RBMF signaling, the Tx/Rx Translation of the main link module
must be configured in accordance with Table 1-7.

Table 1-7. T1/SF Link Signaling Profile for Working with ADPCM Modules

Rx Translation Tx Translation

A B C D A B C D

A B B D A C C D

Signaling Feedback
Certain types of PBX and central office switches require confirmation that the
signaling information has been received, a function referred to as signaling
feedback.
Signaling feedback can be enabled only for FXO modules. For VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8
and VC-8A modules, the selection is made for the entire group of all the module
channels. For VC-16/FXO modules, the function can be separately enabled on
each group of eight channels (1 to 8 and 9 to 16).

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OOS Signaling
In case the communication between modules located in different Megaplex units
fails, e.g., because loss of main link synchronization, etc., it is necessary to
control the state of the signaling information at the two ends of the link. This
activity, called out-of-service (OOS) signaling, is performed by the main link
modules and can be selected in accordance with the specific application
requirements, on a per-link basis.
The OOS signaling options supported by the main link modules are as follows:
• Signaling forced to the idle state for the duration of the out-of-service
condition (forced idle). This option is suitable for use with all the VC module
types.
• Signaling forced to the busy state for the duration of the out-of-service
condition (forced busy). This option is suitable for use with E&M and FXO
modules, but not with FXS modules.
• Signaling forced to the idle state for 2.5 seconds, and then changed to the
busy state for the remaining duration of the out-of-service condition
(idle-busy). This option is suitable for use with E&M and FXO modules, but
not with FXS modules.
• Signaling forced to the busy state for 2.5 seconds, and then changed to the
idle state for the remaining duration of the out-of-service condition
(busy-idle). This option is suitable for use with all the VC module types.

Handling of Signaling Information – V5.1 and V5.2 Modes

In addition to the normal method of handling signaling information, described
above for use over legacy main links, the VC-4, VC-8 and VC-16 FXS modules
installed in MP-2100/MP-2104 chassis also support an advanced signaling service
mode, which is intended for use with V5 protocols. The advanced signaling
service must be selected when the FXS ports are routed to a main link configured
to use the V5.1 protocol, or when a FXS module is installed in a Megaplex unit
configured to operate in the V5.2 end point mode.
In addition, the signaling mode must always be CAS.

Configuration and Management

All the module operational parameters (including the E&M signaling type) are
controlled by means of the Megaplex system management.

Test and Diagnostic Capabilities

For diagnostics purposes, the modules support a wide range of tests and
loopbacks. The supported diagnostic features include:
• Local digital loopback per channel towards local analog side.
• Remote analog loopback per channel towards remote side.
• Tone injection. This function sends a 1 kHz tone at the nominal channel
transmit level (0 dBm0) towards the remote side.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

This function enables the user to check rapidly and efficiently the link to the
remote equipment and its connection to the remote module channel.
• Backward tone injection. This function sends a 1 kHz tone at the nominal
channel transmit level (0 dBm0) towards the local user’s equipment
connected to the channel.
This function enables the user to check rapidly and efficiently the local
equipment and its connection to the module channel.
The user can request that a loopback or test tone injection be automatically
deactivated after a user-selected interval, thereby reducing the management
workload during system troubleshooting. To facilitate troubleshooting in
MP-2100/2104, the signaling information of any module channel can be displayed
by means of a dedicated command, DSP SIG TS. This command displays the state
of the received and transmitted signaling bits.

1.4 Technical Specifications

Number of VC-4, VC-4A 4

Channels
VC-8, VC-8A 8

VC-16 16

Voice Processing Modulation Technique PCM: per ITU-T Rec. G.711 and AT&T Pub. 43801
ADPCM: per ITU-T G.726 and G.727

Echo Cancellation 4 ms per channel as per G.168

Companding μ-law or A-law (user-selectable)

Bandwidth PCM 64 kbps per enabled channel (one timeslot)

Requirements
ADPCM 32 kbps per enabled channel (one timeslot per
pair of channels) as per G.726
24 kbps per enabled channel (one timeslot per
pair of channels) as per G.727

Signaling Services Normal For all the module versions, for use when
(MP-2100/2104 only) module is connected to a legacy main link

Advanced This selection is available only for the FXS

modules operating in PCM mode, for connection
to E1 main links using V5.1 or V5.2 interfaces

Analog Interface Interface Type

E&M 4-wire or 2-wire (user-selectable)

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Note: A special 4-wire version with enhanced gain control (see Table 1-8)
is available for the VC-16/E&M module operating in a MP-2100/2104
chassis.

FXS, FXO 2-wire

Compliance ITU-T Rec. G.712

Analog Parameters Nominal Level 0 dBm

Nominal Impedance 600Ω

Return Loss (ERL) at Better than 20 dB

300 to 3400 Hz

Frequency Response 0 dB ±0.5 dB, at 300 to 3000 Hz

(Ref: 1020 Hz) 0 dB ±1.1 dB, at 250 to 3400 Hz

Transmit and Receive User-selectable in 0.5 dB ±0.15 dB steps, see

Levels Table 1-8.

Signal to Total -30 to 0 dBm0: better than 33 dB

Distortion Using ITU-T
-45 to +3 dBm0: better than 22 dB
Rec. G.712 (8-bit PCM
encoding)

Idle Channel Noise Better than -65 dBm0 (+20 dBrnc)

Transformer Isolation 1500 VRMS

Table 1-8. Transmit and Receive Levels for Various Interfaces

Module Interface Transmit Receive

[dbm] [dbm]
min max min max

E&M regular -10 +5 -17 +2

E&M 4W enhanced -17 +5 -17 +9

(VC-16 in MP-2100/2104 only)

FXS -5 +5 -17 +1

FXO -3.5 +5 -17 +1

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E&M Interface Signaling Method • EIA RS-464 Type I

Characteristics (User-Selectable)
• EIA RS-464 Type II, III and V (British Telecom
SSDC5) using internal -12 VDC in place of -48
VDC
Note: For full support of Types II, III, and V (SSDC5)
signaling standards, a -48 VDC supply is required. See
Chapter 2 for details.

Dial Pulse Distortion ±2 msec max

FXS Interface Signaling Modes EIA RS-464 loop-start and wink-start,

Characteristics user-selectable

On-Hook/Off-Hook • Off-hook state: 3V to 80% Vin between tip and

Threshold ring
(VIN = -20 to -54 VDC)
• On-hook state: more than 83% Vin between
tip and ring

Feed Current 24 mA (±10%)

Ringer Characteristics • 54 VRMS with up to 1 REN load

• 45 VRMS with up to 5 REN load
• Protected against overload

22 Hz (±10%)

1 second ON, 3 seconds OFF

Metering Pulse 12 kHz or 16 kHz (±2 Hz), user-selectable

Generation (PCM only)
1.7 VRMS

Reversal Polarity Pulse 6 msec max

Distortion

FXO Interface Signaling Modes EIA RS-464 loop-start and wink-start,

Characteristics user-selectable

DC Resistance • Off-hook: 100 Ω at 100 mA feed, 230 Ω at

25 mA feed.
• On-hook: more than 1 MΩ

Ring Detector 20 kΩ for 70 VRMS, 20 Hz ring signal

Detection Thresholds • Detection: > 20 VRMS, 17 to 25Hz

• No detection: < 5 VRMS

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Metering Pulse 12 kHz or 16 kHz (±200 Hz), user-selectable

Detection Frequency
(PCM only)

Reversal Polarity Pulse 6 msec max

Distortion

End-to-End T1 Uplinks User-selectable sampling rate:

Signaling • 667 samples per second with SF (D4) framing
• 333 samples per second with ESF framing

E1 Uplinks User-selectable as per ITU-T Rec. G.704, para.

3.3.32
• Local digital loopback for any channel towards the local user equipment
Diagnostics
Note: When working in the ADPCM mode, the local digital loopback towards the local
user equipment is performed for each pair of consecutive channels (1-2, 3-4, etc.)

• Remote analog loopback for any channel towards the remote user
equipment
• Forward test tone injection (1 kHz, 0 dBm0) on any channel towards the
remote user’s equipment
• Backward test tone injection (1 kHz, 0 dBm0) on any channel towards
the local user’s equipment

Configuration Programmable via Megaplex system management

Connectors E&M Modules • VC-4, VC-4A: RJ-45 connector for each channel
• VC-8, VC-8A: 68-pin female SCSI connector for
all channels
• VC-16: two 68-pin female SCSI connectors, one
for channels 1 to 8 and the other for channels
9 to 16

FXO, LOOP/FXO and FXS • VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8A, VC-8/RJ: RJ-12 connector
Modules for each channel
• VC-8, VC-16: One 50-pin female Telco
connector for all channels

Power Consumption See Table 1-9.

Configuration Programmable via Megaplex system management

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Table 1-9. Power Consumption (in Watt) from Megaplex Power Supply
(without -48 VDC)

Module vs Interface FXS FXO E&M

Type

VC-4 2.5 1.9 2.8

VC-4A 3.3 2.7 3.6

VC-8 2.8 2.0 3.4

VC-8A 3.7 2.8 4.2

VC-16 4.7 2.5 5.2

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Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

1-26 Technical Specifications VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2
 Chapter 2
Installation and Operation

2.1 Introduction
This chapter provides installation and operation instructions for the various types
of VC modules.
The information presented in this chapter supplements the general Megaplex
installation, configuration and operation instructions contained in the
corresponding Megaplex Installation and Operation Manual.

Before performing any internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, or repairs,

first disconnect all the cables from the module, and then remove the module
from the Megaplex chassis.
Warning No internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, and repairs may be performed by
either the operator or the user; such activities may be performed only by a skilled
technician who is aware of the hazards involved.
Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and
maintenance of this product.

Note The VC modules contain components sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To

prevent ESD damage, always hold the module by its sides, and do not touch the
module components or connectors.

2.2 Installing the Modules

The VC modules do not include any internal user settings, and all their functions
are programmable. Therefore, no preparations are required before installation.
Refer to the system installation plan, and insert the module in the assigned I/O
slot of the Megaplex chassis. The module starts operating as soon as it is plugged
into an operating chassis.

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Chapter 2 Installation and Operation Installation and Operation Manual

2.3 Connecting the Cables

Connector Data

E&M Module Connectors

The VC-4/E&M and VC-4A/E&M module interfaces have four RJ-45 connectors.
The VC-8/E&M, VC-8A/E&M and VC-16/E&M module interfaces have one or two
SCSI connectors, respectively. Each group of VC-8/VC-8A/VC-16 eight channels is
terminated in a 68-pin female SCSI connector located on the module panel. RAD
offers a 2m long adapter cable, CBL-KVF8/E&M, terminated in eight RJ-45 male
connectors, for direct connection of the individual channels to the user’s
equipment. For connector and cable wiring, refer to Appendix A.

FXS and FXO Module Connectors

The FXS and FXO versions of VC-8 have two modifications with different type of
connectors: VC-8 and VC-8/RJ.
The VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8A and VC-8/RJ module interface is terminated in four or
eight RJ-12 connectors – one per channel.
In the VC-16 and VC-8 modules, all the module channels are terminated in a
50-pin female TELCO connector.
RAD offers two adapter cables terminated in RJ-12 male connectors, for direct
connection of the individual channels to the user’s equipment:
• CBL-VC16/FXSO, intended for use with VC-16/FXS and VC-16/FXO modules,
which is terminated in 16 RJ-12 male connectors
• CBL-VC8/FXSO, intended for use with VC-8/FXS and VC-8/FXO modules, which
is terminated in 8 RJ-12 male connectors.
For connector and cable wiring, refer to Appendix A.

Connecting the Cables to Module Connector

Identify the cables intended for connection to each module connector, and
connect them into the appropriate connectors.
Caution
When using a CBL-KVF8/E&M, CBL-VC16/FXSO or CBL-VC8/FXSO cable, pay
attention not to touch the exposed contacts of RJ-45 or RJ-12 connectors.

When using any of the adapter cables listed above, plug each channel connector
at the other end of the cable into the prescribed user’s equipment connector, in
accordance with the site installation plan.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation and Operation

Connecting the Signaling and Feed Voltage Source

Note
Review Section 1.1 for a description of subscriber feed considerations.

The subscriber feed voltage used by FXS modules, or the -48 VDC signaling
battery voltage used by E&M/EXT modules for full compliance with the EIA RS-464
Type II, III and V (BT SSDC5) signaling standards is supplied to the VC-16 module
from the chassis DC power distribution bus.
The required -48 VDC voltage is always available when the Megaplex chassis is
powered from a -48 VDC source. An AC-powered Megaplex-2100 or
Megaplex-4100 chassis can be either equipped with a Ringer-2100R module, or
can be connected to an external ringer unit, for example, the Ringer-2000 or
Ringer-2200N units offered by RAD (see the appropriate Ringer Installation and
Operation Manual for details). In addition, the AC-powered Megaplex-2104
chassis can be ordered with an internal ringer (/RI option).
The Ringer-2100R module supports up to 40 concurrently active VC channels.
Ringer-2200N can support up to 200 active channels; when the maximum number
of active channels does not exceed 100, the Ringer-2000 can also be used.

Caution
Since an external voltage source can supply voltage even when the Megaplex is
not operating, observe the following precautions:
1. Always turn off the external source (for example, Ringer-2000), before the
Megaplex chassis is turned off.
2. Never connect external DC voltages to modules installed in a Megaplex chassis
if it is not operating.
3. Do not connect/disconnect the ringer while it is operating.

For connection instructions, refer to the Installation and Operation Manual of the
appropriate Ringer.

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 Chapter 3
Configuration

3.1 Overview
This chapter provides configuration information for VC modules installed in the
Megaplex-2100/2104 or Megaplex-4100 chassis. For general instructions and
additional configuration procedures, refer to Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation
and Operation Manual and Megaplex-4100 Installation and Operation Manual,
respectively.
The configuration is performed by means of the management system used to
control the Megaplex unit:
• Supervision terminal or Telnet – refer to the Megaplex-2100/2104 or
Megaplex-4100 Installation and Operation Manual for instructions.
• Web browser – refer to the Megaplex-4100 Installation and Operation Manual
for instructions.
Network management system, e.g., the RADview network management system –
refer to the RADview User's Manual for instructions.

3.2 Configuration Sequence for the MP-2100/2104

Chassis
To configure a VC module and put it into service:
1. Add a VC module not yet installed in the Megaplex-2100/2104 chassis to the
database. This allows preconfiguring the module parameters, so that the
module will immediately start operating in the desired mode as soon as it is
installed in the enclosure. For the supervision terminal, use the DEF SYS
command.
2. Configure the VC parameters:
To define the general module parameters on the supervision terminal,
type the command:
DEF CH SS
To define the parameters of a desired channel on the supervision
terminal, type the command:
DEF CH SS CC

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Chapter 3 Configuration Installation and Operation Manual

To define the general module parameters and parameters of all the

module channels on the supervision terminal, type the command:
DEF CH SS *
where SS is the slot number, and CC is the channel number (1 to 4 for VC-4
and VC-4A, 1 to 8 for VC-8 and VC-8A, 1 to 16 for VC-16). See Table 3-1 for
the general module parameters and Table 3-2 for the channel parameters.
3. Configure the timeslot assignment of each module port as described in
Section 3.5.
Note
Make sure to plan ahead the configuration sequence, because Megaplex
databases can be updated only after correctly completing the configuration
activities: any sanity error will prevent saving the changes to the database being
modified.

3.3 Configuration Sequence for the MP-4100

Chassis
To configure a VC module and put it into service:
1. Add a VC module not yet installed in the Megaplex-4100 chassis to the
database. This allows preconfiguring the module parameters, so that the
module will immediately start operating in the desired mode as soon as it is
installed in the enclosure.
For the supervision terminal, use the Configuration>System>Card Type
screen.
2. Configure the CL or M8E1/M8T1 module port parameters (depending on the
VC module application). For the configuration procedure, refer to the
appropriate Installation and Operation Manual.
3. Configure the general module parameters. For the supervision terminal, use
the Configuration>Physical Ports>I/O>[slot number]>Card Configuration
screen.
4. Configure the port parameters. For the supervision terminal, use the
Configuration>Physical Ports>I/O>[slot number]>Port # screen.
5. Configure the timeslot assignment of each module port, using the
Configuration>System>TS Assignment screen.
Note
Make sure to plan ahead the configuration sequence, because Megaplex-4100
databases can be updated only after correctly completing the configuration
activities: any sanity error will prevent saving the changes to the database being
modified.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Configuration

3.4 Configuration Parameters

Each VC channel can be independently configured in accordance with the system
requirements. In addition, there are configurable parameters that pertain to the
entire VC module.

General Module Parameters

Table 3-1 explains the general programmable VC module parameters, and their
range of values.

Table 3-1. General Module Parameters

Parameter Description

Coding Specifies the companding law to be used by the voice channels:

a LAW A-law coding, intended for use on E1 links
u LAW μ-law coding, intended for use on T1 links
Default: a LAW

Signaling This field specifies the end-to-end signaling transfer method. The signaling transfer
options depend on the type of main link module installed in the Megaplex chassis:
With T1 link modules (e.g., ML-2T1):
NO Channel signaling is not transferred.
RBMF Robbed bit signaling in accordance with AT&T Pub 43801.
RBF Proprietary “robbed bit” signaling method that does not require
multiframe synchronization:
• 7-bit PCM with channel signaling carried by the 8th bit of each
channel
• 3-bit ADPCM with channel signaling carried by the 4th bit of each
channel when using G.727

With E1 link modules (e.g., ML-2E1):

CAS Channel-associated signaling in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.704.
Always select this option when a VC module is connected to a V5.1 or V5.2 interface.
NO Channel signaling is not transferred.
RBF Proprietary “robbed bit” signaling method that does not require
multiframe synchronization:
• 7-bit PCM with channel signaling carried by the 8th bit of each
channel
• 3-bit ADPCM with channel signaling carried by the 4th bit of each
channel when using G.727
Default: NO

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Chapter 3 Configuration Installation and Operation Manual

Parameter Description

Encoding Specifies the voice encoding employed on all channels:

PCM 64 kbps rate per channel (1 timeslot)
ADPCM 32 kbps or 24 kbps rate per channel (½ timeslot). This option is
supported only in VC-4A and VC-8A modules.
Default: PCM

Metering Specifies the pulse metering frequency (supported only on FXS and FXO modules in PCM
mode):
N/A No support for metering pulses
16K Support for 16 kHz metering pulses
12K Support for 12 kHz metering pulses
Default: N/A

Compress Method Specifies the compression method used in the ADPCM encoding. This option does not
appear if PCM encoding is used.
G.726 Compression as per ITU-T G.726.
G.727 Compression as per ITU-T G.727. Always use this option when
working with RBF or RBMF signaling.
Default: G.726

Signaling Services Specifies the signaling services used by the module:

(MP-2100/2104 NORMAL Normal signaling, used when module ports are connected to a main
only) link port using legacy or R2 CAS signaling.
ADVANCED Support for connection to main links using V5.1 or V5.2 interfaces.
This option is relevant only for connection through E1 main link ports.
This option is available only for the FXS version and PCM mode.
Default: NORMAL

Channel Parameters
Table 3-2 explains the programmable channel parameters, and their range of
values. Each module channel can be independently configured, except for several
parameters that can only be selected for groups of channels. These parameters
are explicitly indicated in Table 3-2.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Configuration

Table 3-2. Channel Parameters

Parameter Description

Connect Determines whether the channel is connected to the main link:

(MP-2100/2104 NO Channel is disconnected. You can still program the desired parameters, so the
only) channel will be ready for operation when needed.
YES Channel is connected. For the FXS version, this option is allowed only when
the Megaplex is not configured to use the V5.1 or V5.2 end point mode.
V5.1 Channel is connected to a V5.1 interface. This option is available only for the
FXS modules operated in PCM mode.
V5.2 Channel is connected to a V5.2 interface. This option is available only for the
FXS version, when the Megaplex is configured to use the V5.2 end point
mode and PCM mode.
Default: NO

Admin Status Used to enable/disable the flow of traffic through the selected port
(MP-4100 only) UP The flow of traffic is enabled.
DOWN The flow of traffic is disabled. This state should be selected as long as the port
configuration has not yet been completed, or when it is necessary to stop
traffic flow through the port.
Default: DOWN

Transmit Level Selects the nominal input level of the transmit path. The input level can be set in 0.5 dB
steps in the range defined by Table 1-8 in Chapter 1.
Select the transmit level to match the transmission level point (TLP-transmit) of the
equipment connected to the channel. Figure 3-1 explains how to determine the required
level setting.
Note that the application of an input signal at the nominal transmit level results in a
0 dBm digital level, and a far-end output signal equal to the far-end nominal receive level
Default: 0 dBm

Receive Level Selects the nominal output level of the receive path. The output level can be set in 0.5 dB
steps in the range defined by Table 1-8 in Chapter 1.
Select the receive level to match the TLP-receive of the equipment connected to the
channel (see Figure 3-1).

VC Channel

T Nominal Level
Transmit TLP: Transmit = 0 dBm
-8dB R
Input Circuit

Adjust level (Tx Gain) to -8dBm Signal

Processor
T1
Receive TLP: Receive
-2dB R1 Output Circuit

Adjust level (Rx Gain) to -2dBm

Figure 3-1. Selection of Transmit and Receive Levels

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Chapter 3 Configuration Installation and Operation Manual

Parameter Description

Wires Num Specifies the interface to be used by the voice channels:

4 WIRES 4-wire interface, available only for the E&M modules. Can be
independently selected for each pair of channels (1, 2; 3, 4; etc.).
2 WIRES 2-wire interface.
Default: 2 WIRES

Interface Specifies the signaling method used for all channels:

LOOP START Loop start signaling
WINK START Wink start signaling. Can be selected only for FXO and FXS modules
operated in PCM mode.
For VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8 and VC-8A modules, the selection is made for the entire group of
all the module channels. For VC-16 modules, the selection can be separately made for
each group of eight channels: 1 to 8 and 9 to 16.
Default: LOOP START

Sig Feed Controls the use of signaling feedback, an option available only for FXO modules. For
VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8 and VC-8A, the selection is made for the entire group of all the module
channels. For VC-16 modules, the selection can be separately made for each group of
eight channels: 1 to 8 and 9 to 16.
N/A Not available (the only option for E&M and FXS modules).
NO Signaling feedback disabled.
YES Signaling feedback enabled.
Default: N/A

Type Specifies the E&M signaling standard, an option available only for E&M modules. The
E&M signaling type can be independently selected for each group of four channels 1, 2,
3, 4; 5, 6, 7, 8; etc.).
TYPE 1 EIA RS-464 Type I signaling
TYPE 2 EIA RS-464 Type II signaling
TYPE 3 EIA RS-464 Type III signaling
SSDC5 BT SSDC5 signaling (similar to EIA RS-464 Type V signaling)
N/A Not applicable (displayed for FXS and FXO module channels)
Default: SSDC5
Note: For the E&M/POS module, select TYPE 2 only.

Echo Canceller Enables/disables the built-in adaptive echo canceller, which supports up to a 4 msec
delay. This option is relevant only for VC-4A and VC-8A.
YES Echo canceller is enabled.
NO Echo canceller is disabled.
Default: NO

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Configuration

Parameter Description

Operation Mode Selects the operating mode of the channel (this field is not displayed when an FXS
channel is connected to a V5.1 or V5.2 interface):
BI-DIR Bidirectional (normal) mode.
UNI-BRD TX Unidirectional broadcast transmit mode. This mode is not available
for FXO modules.
UNI-BRD RX Unidirectional broadcast receive mode. This mode is not available
for FXO modules.
Default: BI-DIR

ML Slot Selects the main link module to which the corresponding channel will be connected (this
(MP-2100/2104 field is not displayed when an FXS channel is connected to a V5.1 or V5.2 interface).
only) The main link module is specified by indicating the number of the I/O slot in which the
desired main link module is installed: IO-1 to IO-12.
Default: IO-1

ML Channel Selects the external port of the main link module, to which the corresponding channel
(MP-2100/2104 will be connected.
only) Default: EX1

Destination Slot Specifies the module (I/O slot) to which the data stream handled by the port is routed.
(MP-4100 only) The available selections are the CL modules installed in the chassis, and I/O modules
IO-1 to IO-10.

Destination Port Specifies the port to which the data stream handled by the port is routed.
(MP-4100 only) The available selections are 1 to 8 for external ports, or 1 to 63 (1 to 84) for internal
(virtual) ports (actual range depends on the destination module).

Map Type Selects the timeslot mapping method when the destination is a TDM main link or CL port
(this field is not displayed when an FXS channel is connected to a V5.1 or V5.2 interface).
For a module installed in a MP-4100 chassis, this field appears only for the UNI-BRD RX
mode.
• When using the BI-DIR and UNI-BRD TX modes, for a module installed in a MP-2100
chassis, this field automatically changes to N/A, to remind you that the destination
must be selected using the DEF TS command
• When using the UNI-BRD RX or BID-BRD RX mode, you can select the desired mode:
USER You can select the desired uplink timeslots on a timeslot map.
SEQUENCE The channel is assigned consecutive timeslots, starting with the
timeslot specified by means of the Start TS parameter.
Default: N/A

Start TS • When using the SEQUENCE mapping mode, this field can be used to select the starting
timeslot in the frame of the destination uplink port. The allowed range is 1 to 31 for
E1 ports, and 1 to 24 for T1 ports. The field is not displayed for an FXS channel
connected to a V5.1 or V5.2 interface.
• When using any other mode, this field automatically changes to N/A.
Default: N/A

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Chapter 3 Configuration Installation and Operation Manual

Parameter Description

Port ID Selects the V5.1 port Id for the corresponding channel (this field is displayed only when
(MP-2100/2104 an FXS channel is connected to a V5.1 interface): 0 to 16, 777 ,215.
only) Default: 0

3.5 Assigning Timeslots

After performing the configuration of the individual module channels, it is
necessary to assign the uplink bandwidth to each connected channel.
• When using the BI-DIR or UNI-BRD TX mode in the module installed in the
MP-2100/2104 chassis, use the DEF TS command to assign a timeslot or DEF
SPLIT TS [Link] command to assign a fraction of a timeslot (ADPCM mode only),
as explained in the Megaplex-2100 Installation and Operation Manual. For the
module installed in the MP-4100 chassis, use the Configuration>System>TS
Assignment screen.
• When using the UNI-BRD RX or BID-BRD RX mode in the module installed in
the MP-2100/2104 chassis, timeslot assignment for the receive direction is
made using the dedicated routing fields of the DEF CH command.
• When using the UNI-BRD RX mode in the module installed in the MP-4100
chassis, use the Configuration>Physical ports>IO screen.
For FXS modules connected to a V5.1 or V5.2 interface, no timeslot assignment is
needed (the only required assignment is performed during the definition of the
corresponding variant).

3.6 Displaying Status and Configuration

Information
The Megaplex-2100/2104 user can read the VC status and configuration
information using the DSP ST CH command. For a general description of this
command, refer to Appendix F of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and
Operation Manual.

To display the general module parameters:

• Type the command
DSP ST CH SS
The system displays a data form similar to that displayed by the DEF CH SS
command, showing the current general parameters. For a description of the
displayed parameters, see Table 3-1.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Configuration

To display the parameters of a desired channel:

• Type the command
DSP ST CH SS CC
where SS is the slot number, and CC is the channel number (1 to 4 for VC-4 and
VC-4A, 1 to 8 for VC-8 and VC-8A, 1 to 16 for VC-16). The command includes two
sections:
• Hardware Config/Status: for E&M modules, displays the interface type (2&4
wires or 4 wire only); for FXS or FXO modules, displays support for reverse
polarity and pulse metering.
• Software Configuration: displays a data form similar to that displayed by the
DEF CH SS CC command, showing the current channel parameters. For a
description of the displayed parameters, see Table 3-2.

To display both the general module parameters and parameters of all the module
channels:
• Type the command
DEF CH SS *
The Megaplex-4100 user can read the configuration on every port of the I/O
modules using the Configuration>Physical Ports>I/O menu. To display the VC
hardware status, use the Monitoring>Physical Ports>I/O screen. For a general
description of these menus, refer to Chapter 4 of the Megaplex-4100 Installation
and Operation Manual.

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 Chapter 4
Troubleshooting and
Diagnostics

4.1 Introduction
This chapter explains the module specific tests and diagnostic functions and
provides troubleshooting instructions.
For a description of the alarm and configuration (“sanity”) error messages
generated by VC modules, refer to Appendix B of the Megaplex-2100/2104
Installation and Operation Manual or Chapter 6 of the Megaplex-4100 Installation
and Operation Manual.
The diagnostic information presented in this chapter supplements the general
diagnostics and troubleshooting information instructions contained in the
corresponding Megaplex Installation and Operation Manual.

4.2 Test and Diagnostic Functions

The test and diagnostics functions available on each module channel are:
• Local digital loopback
• Remote digital loopback
• Forward tone injection
• Backward tone injection.
The following sections describe the available diagnostic activities.
When a test or loopback is activated, the user can also specify the time it remains
active: the range is 1 through 30 minutes, in 1-minute steps. After the specified
time, the test or loopback is automatically deactivated, thereby reducing the
management workload during system troubleshooting. The default selection is
continuous connection, that is, the test or loopback remain active until canceled
by a user's command.

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Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

Local Digital Loopback (Local Loop)

The local loopback is a digital loopback performed at the digital output of a
selected channel, by returning the transmit signal of the channel in the same
timeslot of the receive path. The transmit signal is still sent to the remote
Megaplex unit.
While the loopback is connected, the local voice channel should receive its own
signal, e.g., a strong sidetone should be heard in the earpiece if the channel is
connected to a telephone set.
The loopback signal path is shown in Figure 4-1.

Channel 1 ..
.. .. ..
... . ..
. .. .
User or ..
Test .
Equipment

User or
VC-16 VC-16 Test
Equipment

I/O Modules
I/O Modules

Local Remote
Unit Unit

System
Management

Figure 4-1. Local Loopback, Signal Path

Note When working in the ADPCM mode, the local digital loopback towards the local
user equipment is performed for each pair of consecutive channels (1-2, 3-4,
etc.)

Remote Digital Loopback (Remote Loop)

The remote loopback is a digital loopback performed at the digital input of the
channel, by returning the digital received signal of the channel to the input of the
transmit path. The receive signal remains connected to the local user, and can be
received by user.
While the loopback is connected, the remote voice channel should receive its own
signal, e.g., a strong sidetone should be heard in the earpiece if the channel is
connected to a telephone set.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

The loopback signal path is shown in Figure 4-2.

Channel 1 ..
.. ..
.. . ..
.. .. ..
User or . .. .
Test .
Equipment

User or
VC-16 VC-16 Test
Equipment

I/O Modules
I/O Modules
Local Remote
Unit Unit

System
Management

Figure 4-2. Remote Loopback, Signal Path

Forward Tone Injection

The test tone is a data sequence repeating at a rate of 1 kHz. This data sequence
is identical to the data sequence that would have been generated if a 1-kHz
signal having a nominal level of 1 mW (0 dBm0) were applied to the input of the
channel codec.
The tone is injected to the local transmit path multiplexer, instead of the transmit
signal of the channel. The signal received from the other end remains connected
to the local subscriber.
While the forward tone injection is activated, the remote user should hear the
tone in the earpiece if the channel is connected to a telephone set.
Figure 4-3 shows the signal path.

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Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

Channel 1 ..
.. ..
.. . ..
.. .. ..
User or . .. .
Test .
Equipment
Test
~ Tone

User or
VC-16 VC-16 Test
Equipment

I/O Modules
I/O Modules
Local Remote
Unit Unit

System
Management

Figure 4-3. Forward Test Tone Injection Path

Backward Tone Injection

When the backward test tone injection is enabled, the test tone (a data sequence
repeating at a rate of 1 kHz) is injected to the local receive input of the channel
decoder, instead of the received signal of the channel, and the resulting analog
signal is supplied to the local subscriber. The signal received from the other end is
disconnected from the local subscriber.
While the backward tone injection is activated, the local user should hear the
tone in the earpiece if the channel is connected to a telephone set.
Figure 4-4 shows the signal path.

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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

Channel 1 ..
.. ..
.. . ..
.. .. ..
User or . .. .
Test .
Equipment
Test
Tone

User or
VC-16 VC-16 Test
Equipment

I/O Modules
I/O Modules
Local Remote
Unit Unit

System
Management

Figure 4-4. Backward Test Tone Injection Path

4.3 Troubleshooting
The test tone injection functions and the loopbacks available on the VC module
provide a rapid and efficient way to identify the general location of a fault at
either of the two VC modules connected in a link, in the external equipment, or in
the connections to the channels.
If a complaint is received from one of the subscribers connected to the VC
channels, first activate the VC local test loop at the side where the complaint is
received from. The local subscriber must receive its own signal.
If the signal is not received, the problem is at the local end:
• Check the connections to the subscriber equipment.
• Replace the local VC module.
If the local subscriber receives its own signal when the local loop is activated,
activate test tone injection toward the complaining subscriber. If the subscriber
receives the test tone, the problem is probably in the connections at the remote
side (the side that sends the tone). You can check the computer path of the
remote module channel by activating the remote loopback and the tone injection
toward the remote subscriber, and checking that the local subscriber receives the
test tone.
If the problem is not corrected, the procedure must be repeated at the other side
of the link. Deactivate the local loop and activate the remote loop on the remote
Megaplex unit.

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Troubleshooting 4-5

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

4.4 Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the maximum external modem speed supported by the FXS
modules?
A: The FXS modules support the connection of an external modem up to
33.6 kbps when working in the PCM mode and up to 16.8 kbps when
working in the ADPCM mode.
Q: What is the current provided by the FXS voice channel during an incoming
call?
A: 22mA in off-hook, and 10mA to 15mA during the ringing.
Q: For how many VC-16/FXS modules can a built-in ringer of MP-2104/AC/RI
provide -48Vpower?
A: Recently we released a new built-in Ringer for the MP-2104/AC/RI (with a
new Configuration Status Letter "N"), which can support up to 60 x FXS
channels, i.e. 4 x VC16/FXS modules. However, customer that has a chassis
with Configuration Status Letter "M", than due to the -48V consumption,
only two VC-16/FXS modules could be supported. (A built-in ringer of
MP-2104/AC/RI can provide up to 1.2A, whereas a MP-2100M-VC-16/FXS
module consumes 500 mA).
Q: How many VC/FXS modules does the Ringer support?
Which Ringer is recommended?
A: The Ringer-2100R module supports up to 40 concurrently active VC
channels. Ringer-2200N can support up to 200 active channels; when the
maximum number of active channels does not exceed 100, the Ringer-2000
can also be used.
Q: Can the VF-24/30/48/60 modules work with the VC modules in the same
MP-2100 chassis?
A: Yes. Moreover, the new VFS-24/30/48/60 voice compression server
modules available from MP-2100/2104 ver. 12 allow direct VC module
connection, without the need of an additional E1/T1 main link module.
Q: Can VC modules transfer SMS messages?
A: VC-4, VC-8 and VC-16 succeed to transfer the SMS message from the DECT
phone toward the cellular and vice versa. Today some of the PSTN
companies support sending and receiving SMS messages. The SMS message
is sent and received when the telephone is in on-hook state. The
telephones that support this feature are cordless phones that support the
DECT protocol. VC-4A and VC-8A do not support transferring SMS
messages.
Q: Do VC modules support the 'Message Waiting' LED indicator?
A: No.

4-6 VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

Q: When installed in the MP-4100 chassis, do the VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 modules

operate exactly the same as when installed in the MP-2100/2104 chassis?
A: Yes, they do. Most of the differences between the two module locations are
purely chassis/common logic related (command line vs menu interface, main
link vs CL or I/O ports as timeslot destinations, etc.) The main module-level
difference is that the V5.1 and V5.2 modes for FXS modules are not available
in the MP-4100 chassis. Also, the bidirectional broadcast mode (BID-BRD RX)
is not available for the modules operating in the Megaplex-4100 chassis.

Q Is it possible to work with VC FXS modules in a MP-2100/2104 chassis

working with positive DC voltage?
A No. One important limitation of positive DC voltage operation, i.e. frame
chassis (FGND) in shortcut with the negative pole of the battery, is that
VC/FXS cards cannot be used. If FXS modules are needed, then the
DC-powered Megaplex must work either with negative DC voltage or in
floating ground.

To obtain fully floating ground for MP-2100:

• Set the GND=FGND jumper of the power supply “NO”.
• Set the BGND=FGND jumper of the power supplies to “NO”.
• Order all the modules with floating ground as well (the CL.2 and ML-xE1
modules are by default floating ground).

To obtain fully floating ground for MP-2104:

• Order the “/FLG” option.
• Order all the modules with floating ground as well (the CL.2 and ML-xE1
modules are by default floating ground).

4.5 Technical Support

Technical support for this product can be obtained from the local distributor from
whom it was purchased.
For further information, please contact the RAD distributor nearest you or one of
RAD's offices worldwide. This information can be found at [Link] (offices
– About RAD > Worldwide Offices; distributors – Where to Buy > End Users).

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 Technical Support 4-7
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

4-8 VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2

 Appendix A
Pinouts

A.1 E&M Module Connectors

The VC-4/E&M and VC-4A/E&M module interfaces have four RJ-45 connectors.
The VC-8/E&M, VC-8A/E&M and VC-16/E&M module interfaces have one or two
SCSI connectors, respectively.

RJ-45 Connectors
Table A-1 lists the wiring of the RJ-45 connectors used for the VC-4/E&M and
VC-4A/E&M modules.

Table A-1. RJ-45 Connector Wiring

Pin Designation Function

1 SB Signaling battery

2 M M lead input

3 R1-OUT Voice output (4W)

Voice input/output (2W)

4 R-IN Voice input (4W)

5 T-IN Voice input (4W)

6 T1-OUT Voice output (4W)

Voice input/output (2W)

7 SG Function depends on signaling mode:

• RS-464 Type I, III: Direct connection to signal ground
• RS-464 Type V, SSDC5: Connection to signal ground
through 1.2 kΩ resistor
• RS-464 Type II: SG lead

8 E E lead output

Adapter Cable
Each group of VC-8/VC-8A/VC-16 eight channels is terminated in a 68-pin female
SCSI connector located on the module panel. RAD offers a 2m long adapter cable,
CBL-KVF8/E&M, terminated in eight RJ-45 male connectors, for direct connection
of the individual channels to the user’s equipment. Figure A-1 shows a general

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 E&M Module Connectors A-1
Appendix A Pinouts Installation and Operation Manual

view of the CBL-KVF8/E&M cable, and Table A-2 lists the cable wiring, together
with functions of the individual connector pins.

Figure A-1. CBL-KVF8/E&M

Table A-2. CBL-KVF8/E&M Cable Wiring and Connector Pin Functions

Channel 68-Pin SCSI Designation Function RJ-45 Connector

37

38
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

2
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

Voice Output (4-wire)

1 3 R1-OUT 3

}
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)
Twisted Pair
Voice Output (4-wire)
4 T1-OUT 6
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

35

36
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

43

44
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

8
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

Voice Output (4-wire)

2 9 R1-OUT 3

}
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)
Twisted Pair
Voice Output (4-wire)
10 T1-OUT 6
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

41

42
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

A-2 E&M Module Connectors VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2
Installation and Operation Manual Appendix A Pinouts

Table A-2. CBL-KVF8/E&M Cable Wiring and Connector Pin Functions (Cont.)

Channel 68-Pin SCSI Designation Function RJ-45 Connector

49

50
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

13

14
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

3 Voice Output (4-wire)

15 R1-OUT 3
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

Voice Output (4-wire)

} Twisted Pair
16 T1-OUT 6
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

47

48
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

55

56
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

19

20
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

4 Voice Output (4-wire)

21 R1-OUT 3
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

22 T1-OUT
Voice Output (4-wire)
6
} Twisted Pair

Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

53

54
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

61

62
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

25

26
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

5 27 Voice Output (4-wire)

R1-OUT 3
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

28
T1-OUT
Voice Output (4-wire)
6
} Twisted Pair

Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

59

60
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 E&M Module Connectors A-3
Appendix A Pinouts Installation and Operation Manual

Table A-2. CBL-KVF8/E&M Cable Wiring and Connector Pin Functions (Cont.)

Channel 68-Pin SCSI Designation Function RJ-45 Connector

67

68
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

31

32
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

6 Voice Output (4-wire)

33 R1-OUT 3
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

Voice Output (4-wire)

} Twisted Pair
34 T1-OUT 6
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

65

66
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

45

46
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

6
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

7 Voice Output (4-wire)

11 R1-OUT 3
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

12 T1-OUT
Voice Output (4-wire)
6
} Twisted Pair

Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

39

40
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

57

58
SB

M
Signaling Battery

M Lead Input
1

2
} Twisted Pair

17

18
R-IN

T-IN
Voice Input (4-wire)

Voice Input (4-wire)

4

5
} Twisted Pair

8 Voice Output (4-wire)

23 R1-OUT 3
Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

24 T1-OUT
Voice Output (4-wire)
6
} Twisted Pair

Voice Input/Output (2-wire)

51

52
SG

E
Signaling Ground

E Lead Output
7

8
} Twisted Pair

A-4 E&M Module Connectors VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2
Installation and Operation Manual Appendix A Pinouts

A.2 FXS and FXO Module Connectors

The VC-8 FXS and FXO modules have two modifications with different type of
connectors: VC-8 and VC-8/RJ.
The VC-4, VC-4A, VC-8/RJ and VC-8A module interfaces are terminated in four or
eight RJ-12 connectors – one per channel.
In the VC-16 and VC-8 modules, all the module channels are terminated in a
single 50-pin female TELCO connector.

RJ-12 Connectors
Table A-3 lists the wiring of the RJ-12 connectors used for the FXO and FXS
modules.

Table A-3. RJ-12 Connector Wiring

Pin Function

1, 2 Not connected

3 Ring

4 Tip

5, 6 Not connected

Adapter Cables
RAD offers two adapter cables terminated in RJ-12 male connectors, for direct
connection of the individual channels to the user’s equipment:
• CBL-VC16/FXSO, intended for use with VC-16/FXS and VC-16/FXO modules,
which is terminated in 16 RJ-12 male connectors
• CBL-VC8/FXSO, intended for use with VC-8/FXS and VC-8/FXO modules, which
is terminated in 8 RJ-12 male connectors.
Figure A-2 shows a general view of CBL-VC16/FXSO. CBL-VC8/FXSO is similar,
except that it has only 8 RJ-12 connectors.
Table A-4 lists the wiring of the CBL-VC16/FXSO cable, together with the
functions of the VC-16 module connector. For VC-8 modules and CBL-VC8/FXSO
cables, only the pins assigned to channels 1 to 8 are connected.

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 FXS and FXO Module Connectors A-5
Appendix A Pinouts Installation and Operation Manual

Figure A-2. CBL-VC16/FXSO, General View

Table A-4. CBL-VC16/FXSO Cable Wiring and Connector Pin Functions

Channel 50-Pin TELCO Function RJ-12 Pin

}
12 Ring 3
Twisted Pair
1
13 Tip 4

}
9 Ring 3
Twisted Pair
2
10 Tip 4

}
6 Ring 3
Twisted Pair
3
7 Tip 4

}
49 Ring 3
Twisted Pair
4
50 Tip 4

5
46

47
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

6
24

25
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

7
3

4
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

8
26

27
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

9
29

30
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

10
21

22
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

11
18

19
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

A-6 FXS and FXO Module Connectors VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2
Installation and Operation Manual Appendix A Pinouts

Table A-4. CBL-VC16/FXSO Cable Wiring and Connector Pin Functions (Cont.)

Channel 50-Pin TELCO Function RJ-12 Pin

12
15

16
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

13
43

44
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

14
40

41
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

15
37

38
} Twisted Pair
Ring

Tip
3

16
34
35
} Twisted Pair
Ring
Tip
3
4

VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2 FXS and FXO Module Connectors A-7
Appendix A Pinouts Installation and Operation Manual

A-8 FXS and FXO Module Connectors VC-4/4A/8/8A/16 MP-2100/2104 Ver. 12, MP-4100 Ver. 1.2
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