Conditional conjunctions are found in sentences with two clauses where one

clause describes something that did or will happen, if the condition of the other
clause was or is satisfied. Conditional conjunctions can be a single word like "if"
or several words like "so long as" placed at the beginning of the clause to describe
the condition that needs to be met.

Conditional Conjunctions in Sentences

Here are examples of conditional conjunctions and sentences that contain them:

 After - After he gets the promotion, he will get a new office.

 As a consequence of - As a consequence of studying hard, you will pass the exam.
 As a result of - As a result of seismic testing, oil was discovered on Henry’s land.
 As long as - As long as I am capable, I will ride my bike to work.
 As soon as - The parade will start as soon as the mayor arrives.
 Assuming that - You can get a red dress assuming that one is on sale.
 Because - Because it is raining, we will take our umbrellas.
 Before - She will finish the report before the meeting.
 But for - We would have been lost but for the map.
 Despite this - Despite this setback, we will achieve our goals.
 Even if - Even if she loses her job, she will still have a job in education.
 If - If you brush and floss every day, you probably won’t get cavities or gum
disease.
 If only - If only I had practiced longer, I would have made the shot.
 In case - In case of fire, please use the stairs.
 In order - In order to get the best price, Mary shopped at three stores.
 In the event - In the event of the president’s death, the vice president will take his
place.
 No matter how - No matter how many excuses you have, you are grounded.
 Now that - Now that all the supervisors are here, the meeting can begin.
 Once - Once the chores are done, we will go to the park.
 Only if - We will perform a few songs only if the profits go to charity.
 On the condition that - You will get the job on the condition that you will work
every other Saturday.
 Provided - I will go to the prom with you provided you apologize.
 Providing that - We will give you the money providing that you can pay it back
within six months.
 Since - Since it is autumn, there are many leaves on the ground.
 So long as - So long as you eat healthy, you won’t get sick.
 Supposing that - Supposing that you got the job, would you accept the position?
 Therefore - The mortgage was not paid, therefore the bank foreclosed.
 Unless - Unless you have purchased tickets already, you won’t be able to attend
the show.
 Until - No, they don't talk to me until I talk to them.
 When - When I get hungry, I will go to a restaurant.
 Whenever - Whenever I eat spicy food, I get hives.
 Wherever - Wherever there are flowers, bees will come to pollinate.
 Whether or not - He spent all his paycheck on clothes, whether that was smart or
not.
 Yet - The picnic was interrupted by rain, yet we all had a fabulous time.

Conditionals: other expressions (unless, should, as long as)

Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to
‘if … not’ or ‘except if’.

The verb forms in the examples are similar to sentences with if: we use the
present simple in the unless-clause and shall, should, will, would, can,
could, may or might in the main clause:

Unless I phone you, you can assume the train’s on time. (If I do not phone you
/except if I phone you, you can assume the train is on time.)
We’ll have to cancel the show unless we sell more tickets at the last
minute. (We’ll have to cancel the show if we do not sell more
tickets/except if we sell more tickets at the last minute.)

Warning:

We don’t use unless for impossible conditions:

If the government had not raised food prices, there would not have been so
many protests.

Not: Unless the government had raised food prices …

Warning:

We don’t use unless and if together:

We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless it rains.

Not: We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless if it rains.

See also:
 Unless
 If so, if not

Should you (Should with inversion)

In formal situations, we can use should + subject (s) + verb (v) instead of if:

Should you wish to cancel your order, please contact our customer service
department on 02317 6658932. (or If you should wish to cancel your
order …)

Should your child become anxious or nervous about any activity, it is a good
idea to inform the team-leader. (or If your child should become …)
Had you (Had with inversion)

In formal situations, we can use had + subject + verb instead of if in third

conditional sentences:

Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in. (If
I had known you were waiting outside …)

Had Margaret realised she would be travelling alone, she would never have
agreed to go.

If + were to

In formal situations, we can use if + were to when we talk about things that
might happen but which we think are unlikely:

If the Prime Minister were to resign, there would have to be a general election
within 30 days.

In even more formal styles, we use were + subject-verb inversion + to-

infinitive:

[V]Were [S]we [to -INF]to give up the fight now, it would mean the end of
democracy in our country.(If we gave up the fight now …)

[V]Were [S]the economy [to -INF]to slow down too quickly, there would be
major problems. (If the economy slowed down too quickly …)

As long as, so long as, providing, etc.

Sometimes we need to impose specific conditions or set limits on a situation. In
these cases, conditional clauses can begin with phrases such as as long as,
so long as, only if, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that).

As long as is more common in speaking; so long as and on condition that are

more formal and more common in writing:

[to a group of children]

You can play in the living room as long as you don’t make a mess.

So long as a tiger stands still, it is invisible in the jungle.

The bank lent the company 100,000 pounds on condition that they repaid the
money within six months.

Providing (that) is more common in speaking; provided (that) is more formal

and more common in written language:

[talking about rail travel in the UK]

You can get a senior citizen’s reduction providing you’ve got a railcard.

They may do whatever they like provided that it is within the law.

See also:
 As long as and so long as

Or and otherwise

We often use or and otherwise with conditional meanings:

You’ve got to start studying, or you’ll fail all those exams. (If you don’t start
studying, you will fail the exams.)

[talking about sending a package by mail]

We’d better send it express, otherwise it’ll take days. (If we do not send it
express, it will take days.)

Supposing

Supposing may be used with a conditional meaning. It can be used in first,

second or third conditional sentences. The speaker invites the listener to
imagine a situation:

Supposing I don’t arrive till after midnight, will the guest-house still be
open?(Imagine if I don’t arrive till after midnight …)

Supposing you lost your passport, you’d have to go to the embassy, wouldn’t
you?

Supposing he hadn’t recognised us – he might never have spoken to us.

See also:
 In case (of)
 Wish
 If only
 Suppose, supposing and what if

IF, EVEN IF, ONLY IF, AS LONG AS, PROVIDED, SUPPOSING, UNLESS,
BUT FOR, IF NECESSARY, IF SO, IN CASE etc.
Tags:

 clauses

 conditionals
 emphasis

 inversion

 IF

IF and WHEN

When can replace if in zero conditionals:

If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

When you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

In the other types of conditionals, we cannot use when instead of if.

EVEN IF

Even if emphasises that something will happen, would happen or would have
happened whatever the condition:

Even if we leave right now, we still won't catch the train.

I wouldn't go into the water even if I could swim.
Even if we had booked our flight earlier, it wouldn't have been cheaper.

ONLY IF

Only if makes the condition more restrictive:

Acetaminophen is dangerous to children only if dosage is too high.

If the if-clause is first, the subject and the auxiliary in the main clause are
inverted:

Only if you like classical music is it worth coming tonight.

SO/AS LONG AS, PROVIDING/PROVIDED (THAT)

So/As long as and providing/provided (that) can be used instead of if to express a

condition. Note that providing/provided (that) is a bit formal:

You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.

Provided/Providing (that) the bills are paid, tenants will not be evicted.

SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING, WHAT IF

Suppose/supposing and what if can replace if, mainly in everyday conversation,

and are often used without a main clause:

Suppose/supposing you won the lottery, what would you do?

Suppose/supposing you can't find a job?
What if you are not accepted to university? What will you do then?

UNLESS

Unless is followed by an affirmative verb to express "if ... not":

My leg's broken. I can't stand up unless you help me. (I can't stand up if you
don't help me.)

IF IT WEREN'T FOR / IF IT HADN'T BEEN FOR, BUT FOR

These expressions mean "without". They are used in second and third conditionals
and are usually followed by a noun phrase:
If it weren't for Miguel, we wouldn't know what to do now. (Without Miguel...)
If it hadn't been for your foolishness, we wouldn't have got lost. (If you
hadn't been such a fool...)
But for your help, I would have been in big trouble. (Without your help... / If
you hadn't helped me...)

IF IN DOUBT, IF POSSIBLE, IF NECESSARY etc.

We can make the if-clause shorter by omitting the subject and the verb be:

If (you are) in doubt, consult a dictionary.

In certain idiomatic expressions, the subject and be are normally omitted:

If necessary, you can call Jake at home.

I'd like a seat by the window if possible.

IF SO, IF NOT

If so and if not can stand for an if-clause which is understood from the context:

"According to the weather forecast, it might rain tomorrow." "If so, we'll go
hiking another day."
I hope Peter gets here soon. If not, we'll have to start without him.

IN CASE and IF

An in case-clause gives a reason while an if-clause describes a condition:

I'll buy a sandwich in case I get hungry. (I'll buy a sandwich because I may get
hungry later.)
I'll buy a sandwich if I get hungry. (I'll buy a sandwich when I get hungry.)

We can use should after in case:

Take an umbrella in case it should rain.

English Lessons and Exercises

Conditionals - Providing that / Provided that

How to use Providing that / Provided that

The conjunctions Provided that and providing that can interchangeably be used
to mean "if - on condition that"

This is another way to express condition and result situations.

Provided that and providing that have the same meanings.

We can use both for meaning of "if."

Example Sentences.

 She will help me provided that I promise to do her homework.

She will help me if I promise to do her homework.

 Providing that you went to the party, I would go, too.

If you went to the party, I would go, too.

We can omit that if we wish:

 Provided you study hard, you can be successful.

 Providing no one has any more questions, we can finish the lesson.

 I can afford to have a holiday providing that I earn fifty pounds a day.

 You can borrow the car provided that you promise to drive carefully.

 We'll be there at about 7.30 provided that there's a suitable train.

CONJUNCTIONS and NOUN CLAUSES

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions are words used as joiners. Different kinds of conjunctions join

different kinds of grammatical structures. The following are the kinds of
conjunctions:

Coordinating Conjunctions
The simple, little conjunctions are called coordinating conjunctions (you can
click on the words to see specific descriptions of each one):

Coordinating Conjunctions

and but or yet for nor so

(It may help you remember these conjunctions by recalling that they all have
fewer than four letters. Also, remember the acronym FANBOYS: For-And-
Nor-But-Or-Yet-So. Be careful of the words then and now; neither is a
 coordinating conjunction, so what we say about coordinating conjunctions'
roles in a sentence and punctuation does not apply to those two words.)

When a coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses, it is often

(but not always) accompanied by a comma:

 Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the
academic requirements.
When the two independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction are
nicely balanced or brief, many writers will omit the comma:

 Ulysses has a great jump shot but he isn't quick on his feet.
The comma is always correct when used to separate two independent clauses
connected by a coordinating conjunction. See Punctuation Between Two
Independent Clauses for further help.

A comma is also correct when and is used to attach the last item of a serial list,
although many writers (especially in newspapers) will omit that final comma:

 Ulysses spent his summer studying basic math, writing, and reading
comprehension.
When a coordinating conjunction is used to connect all the elements in a series, a
comma is not used:

 Presbyterians and Methodists and Baptists are the prevalent Protestant

congregations in Oklahoma.
A comma is also used with but when expressing a contrast:

 This is a useful rule, but difficult to remember.

In most of their other roles as joiners (other than joining independent clauses, that
is), coordinating conjunctions can join two sentence elements without the
help of a comma.

 Hemingway and Fitzgerald are among the American expatriates of the

between-the-wars era.
 Hemingway was renowned for his clear style and his insights into American
notions of male identity.
 It is hard to say whether Hemingway or Fitzgerald is the more interesting
cultural icon of his day.
 Although Hemingway is sometimes disparaged for his unpleasant portrayal of
women and for his glorification of machismo, we nonetheless find some
sympathetic, even heroic, female figures in his novels and short stories.
Among the coordinating conjunctions, the most common, of course, are and, but,
and or. It might be helpful to explore the uses of these three little words. The
examples below by no means exhaust the possible meanings of these
conjunctions.

AND

a. To suggest that one idea is chronologically sequential to another: "Tashonda

sent in her applications and waited by the phone for a response."
b. To suggest that one idea is the result of another: "Willie heard the weather
report andpromptly boarded up his house."
c. To suggest that one idea is in contrast to another (frequently replaced
by but in this usage): "Juanita is brilliant and Shalimar has a pleasant
personality.
d. To suggest an element of surprise (sometimes replaced by yet in this usage):
"Hartford is a rich city and suffers from many symptoms of urban blight."
e. To suggest that one clause is dependent upon another, conditionally (usually
the first clause is an imperative): "Use your credit cards frequently and you'll
soon find yourself deep in debt."
f. To suggest a kind of "comment" on the first clause: "Charlie became addicted
to gambling and that surprised no one who knew him."

BUT
a. To suggest a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause: "Joey lost
a fortune in the stock market, but he still seems able to live quite
comfortably."
b. To suggest in an affirmative sense what the first part of the sentence implied
in a negative way (sometimes replaced by on the contrary): "The club never
invested foolishly, but used the services of a sage investment counselor."
c. To connect two ideas with the meaning of "with the exception of" (and then
the second word takes over as subject): "Everybody but Goldenbreath is
trying out for the team."
OR

a. To suggest that only one possibility can be realized, excluding one or the
other: "You can study hard for this exam or you can fail."
b. To suggest the inclusive combination of alternatives: "We can broil chicken
on the grill tonight, or we can just eat leftovers.
c. To suggest a refinement of the first clause: "Smith College is the premier all-
women's college in the country, or so it seems to most Smith College
alumnae."
d. To suggest a restatement or "correction" of the first part of the sentence:
"There are no rattlesnakes in this canyon, or so our guide tells us."
e. To suggest a negative condition: "The New Hampshire state motto is the
rather grim "Live free or die."
f. To suggest a negative alternative without the use of an imperative (see use
of andabove): "They must approve his political style or they wouldn't keep
electing him mayor."
Authority used for this section on the uses of and, but, and or: A University
Grammar of English by Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum. Longman
Group: Essex, England. 1993. Used with permission. Examples our own.

The Others . . .
The conjunction NOR is not extinct, but it is not used nearly as often as the other
conjunctions, so it might feel a bit odd when nor does come up in
conversation or writing. Its most common use is as the little brother in the
correlative pair, neither-nor (see below):

 He is neither sane nor brilliant.

 That is neither what I said nor what I meant.
>It can be used with other negative expressions:

 That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an
admission of guilt.
It is possible to use nor without a preceding negative element, but it is unusual
and, to an extent, rather stuffy:

 George's handshake is as good as any written contract, nor has he ever proven
untrustworthy.
The word YET functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in
addition ("yet another cause of trouble" or "a simple yet noble woman"), even
("yet more expensive"), still ("he is yet a novice"), eventually ("they may yet
win"), and so soon as now ("he's not here yet"). It also functions as a
coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but."
The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom
register.

 John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.

 The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf
every day.
In sentences such as the second one, above, the pronoun subject of the second
clause ("they," in this case) is often left out. When that happens, the comma
preceding the conjunction might also disappear: "The visitors complained
loudly yet continued to play golf every day."
Yet is sometimes combined with other conjunctions, but or and. It would not be
unusual to see and yet in sentences like the ones above. This usage is
acceptable.

The word FOR is most often used as a preposition, of course, but it does serve, on
rare occasions, as a coordinating conjunction. Some people regard the
conjunction for as rather highfalutin and literary, and it does tend to add a bit
of weightiness to the text. Beginning a sentence with the conjunction "for" is
probably not a good idea, except when you're singing "For he's a jolly good
fellow. "For" has serious sequential implications and in its use the order of
thoughts is more important than it is, say, with because or since. Its function
is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause:

 John thought he had a good chance to get the job, for his father was on the
company's board of trustees.
 Most of the visitors were happy just sitting around in the shade, for it had
been a long, dusty journey on the train.
Be careful of the conjunction SO. Sometimes it can connect two independent
clauses along with a comma, but sometimes it can't. For instance, in this
sentence,

 Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister,
and his Uncle Chet.
where the word so means "as well" or "in addition," most careful writers would
use a semicolon between the two independent clauses. In the following
sentence, where so is acting like a minor-league "therefore," the conjunction
and the comma are adequate to the task:

 Soto has always been nervous in large gatherings, so it is no surprise that he

avoids crowds of his adoring fans.
Sometimes, at the beginning of a sentence, so will act as a kind of summing up
device or transition, and when it does, it is often set off from the rest of the
sentence with a comma:
 So, the sheriff peremptorily removed the child from the custody of his
parents.
Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another:

words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses.

Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other

conjunctions do.

Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or

end.

Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions:

When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or subordinate

clauses, no comma should be placed before the conjunction.

A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or subordinate

clauses creates a series and requires commas between the elements.

A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound

sentence and requires a comma before the coordinating conjunction

Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or
subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent)
Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the
rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on
the rest of the sentence for its meaning.
 He took to the stage as though he had been preparing for this moment all his
life.
 Because he loved acting, he refused to give up his dream of being in the
movies.
 Unless we act now, all is lost.
Notice that some of the subordinating conjunctions in the table below — after,
before, since — are also prepositions, but as subordinators they are being
used to introduce a clause and to subordinate the following clause to the
independent element in the sentence.

Common Subordinating Conjunctions

after if though
although if only till
as in order that unless
as if now that until
as long as once when
as though rather than whenever
because since where
before so that whereas
even if than wherever
even though that while

Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they
make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.

A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two

clauses in a sentence.

A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses

than a coordinating conjunctions does.
Loose: It is raining, so we have an umbrella.

Tight: Because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

Punctuation Note:

When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between the two clauses.
clause is placed first and the dependent clause second, do not separate the two clauses with a com

Correlative Conjunctions
Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative
conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements
that should be treated as grammatically equal.

 She led the team not only in statistics but also by virtue of her enthusiasm.
 Polonius said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
 Whether you win this race or lose it doesn't matter as long as you do your
best.
Correlative conjunctions sometimes create problems in parallel form.
Click HERE for help with those problems. Here is a brief list of common
correlative conjunctions.

both . . . and neither . . . nor

not only . . . but whether . . . or
also as . . . as
not . . . but
 either . . . or

These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one.

Conjunctive Adverbs
The conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless, consequently,
as a result are used to create complex relationships between ideas. Refer to
the section on Coherence: Transitions Between Ideas for an extensive list of
conjunctive adverbs categorized according to their various uses and for some
advice on their application within sentences (including punctuation issues).

after all in addition next

also incidentally nonetheless

as a result indeed on the contrary

besides in fact on the other hand

consequently in other words otherwise

finally instead still

for example likewise then

furthermore meanwhile therefore

hence moreover thus

however nevertheless

Punctuation: Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma

after the conjunctive adverb.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions

After in order (that) unless

Although insofar as Until

As in that When

as far as Lest whenever

as soon as no matter how where

as if now that wherever

as though Once whether

Because provided (that) While

Before Since Why

even if so that

even though supposing (that)

How Than

If That

inasmuch as Though

in case (that) Till

Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they
make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.
A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two
clauses in a sentence.

A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses

than a coordinating conjunctions does.

Loose: It is raining, so we have an umbrella.

Tight: Because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

Punctuation Note:

When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between the two clauses.
clause is placed first and the dependent clause second, do not separate the two clauses with a com

NOUN CLAUSES

as the name suggests, noun clause, the meaning of this clause serves as an object
and its structure is also similar to the preceding clauses may consist of subject
and predicate (minor) and can consist of a subject, predicate and object
(mayor).

Noun clause Introductory Function of clause Examples

derived from conjunction

1. Statement That Subject That coffee grows

in Brazil is
well know to
all.
Coffee grows in Subject after it It is well
Brazil know that
coffee grows
Subjective in Brazil.

Complement My understanding
isthat coffee
grows in
Brazil.

Object of verb I know that coffee

grows in
Brazil.
Appositive
His belief that
coffee grows
in Brazil is
correct.

2. Question Whether (or not) Subject Whether (or not)

he gets the
a. Expecting yes or also if
moneydoesn’t
no
concern me.
Answer
Subjective The question
Will he get the complement iswhether he
money? will get the
money.
Object of verb
Do you
knowwhether
(or if) he will
get the
Object of
 preposition money?

We were
concerned
b.Interrogative
about whether
word
Who Subject he would get
Question the money.

How will he get the How he gets the

money? money is his
What Subjective own affair.
complement
Which The question
object of verb is how he will
When
get the money
Where
I don’t know how
object of
Why he will get the
preposition
money.
How
We were
concerned
about how he
would get the
money.

3. Request That Object of verb He suggested that

Iwrite the
Write the later soon
latter soon.

4. An What Object of verb I hadn’t

exclamation realizedwhat a
pretty girl she
What a pretty girl
How Object of was.
 she is! preposition We talked
aboutwhat a
pretty girl she
was

Contoh soal

1. Do you know _____________________?

A. where we will be taking the TOEFL test

B. where will we be taking the TOEFL test

C. where we will taking the TOEFL test

D. which we will be taking the TOEFL test

Answer : A

2. _________________changed his life forever.

A. That Tomo did

B. What did Tomo do

C. What Tomo did

D. Who Tomo did

Answer : C

3. I will talk _________________.

A. about whatever is on your mind

B. whatever is on your mind

C. about whenever is on your mind

D. about whichever is on your mind

Answer : A

4. I don't know ____________________.

A. when will we go to the football game

B. whom we will go to the football game

C. whenever we will go to the football game

D. when we will go to the football game

Answer : D

5. ______________________ when the others will arrive?

A. Do Steve know

B. Do Steve knows

C. Does Steve know

D. Is Steve know

Answer : C

6. Did the student hear ______________________?

A. who Jim Drake said about open university advising

B. what Jim Drake said about open university advising

C. what did Jim Drake say about open university advising

Answer : B

7. After four hours of interrogation, the police officers finally figured out ____________.

A. who he was behind the Bank of America bank robbery

B. who was behind Bank of America bank robbery

C. who was behind the Bank of America bank robbery

D. whose was behind the Bank of America bank robbery

Answer : C

8. ________________ is hire a tutor who can help them with their math skills.

A. What they do

B. What should they do

C. Whatever they should do

D. What they should do

Answer : D

9. Do you know ________________?

A. who's house that is

B. whose house is that

C. whose house that is

D. whose house is

Answer : C

10. ______________is unimportant to her peers.

A. If she passes

B. Whether does she pass or not

C. Whether she pass or not

D. Whether she passes or not

Answer : D

11. Sue Ellen does not know ____________________.

A. who the rest of the students are going to come to the movies

B. what the rest of the students are going to come to the movies

C. if the rest of the students are going to come to the movies

D. which the rest of the students are going to come to the movies

Answer : C

12. I wonder _________________.

A. whether or not will she finish her graduate studies before December

B. whether or not she will finish her graduate studies before December

C. if she finish her graduate studies before December

D. whether or not she finish her graduate studies before December

Answer : B

13. _________________was the question asked by the campus authorities.

A. Whose bike this belonged to

B. Whose bike does this belong to

C. Who's bike this belonged to

D. Which's bike does this belong

Answer : A

14. Atthawut doesn't know ___________________.

A. what he do after he graduates from college

B. what should he do after he graduates from college

C. what to do after he graduates from college

D. what to do after he graduate from college

Answer : C

15. Saleh can't decide ________________.

A. whether go fishing or go swimming

B. whether to go fishing or to go swimming

C. whether to go fish or to go swimming

D. whether should he go fishing or should he go swimming

Answer : B
16. ___________________ how to get to the bus station from this university?

A. Could you please tell me

B. You could please tell me

C. Could please you tell me

D. Could you please say me

Answer : A

17. Dorothy Punch taught us __________________.

A. how improve our listening and pronunciation skills

B. how should we improve our listening and pronunciation skills

C. how to improve our listening and pronunciation skill

D. how to improve our listening and pronunciation skills

Answer : D

18. _________________ is obvious at this point.

A. That she did not pass the TOEFL

B. What she did not pass the TOEFL

C. That did she not pass the TOEFL

D. That she not did pass the TOEFL

Answer : A

19. It is a fact ____________________.

 A. are earthquakes quite prevalent in San Bernardino

B. that earthquakes quite are prevalent in San Bernardino

C. that earthquakes are quite prevalent in San Bernardino

D. that earthquake are quite prevalent in San Bernardino

Answer : C

20. _____________________ was a suggestion by his friend who had successfully passed
the beastly exam.

A. What he should go to the next TOEFL seminar

B. That he should go to the next TOEFL seminar

C. That should he go to the next TOEFL seminar

D. Why he should go to the next TOEFL semin

ARTINYA :

Konjungsi bersyarat ditemukan dalam kalimat dengan dua klausa di mana satu
klausa menggambarkan sesuatu yang akan atau akan terjadi, jika kondisi dari
klausa lain dipuaskan atau tidak. Konjungsi bersyarat bisa berupa satu kata
seperti "jika" atau beberapa kata seperti "asalkan" diletakkan di awal klausa
untuk menggambarkan kondisi yang perlu dipenuhi.

Konjungsi Bersyarat dalam Kalimat

Berikut adalah contoh konjungsi bersyarat dan kalimat yang mengandungnya:

• Setelah - Setelah mendapat promosi, dia akan mendapatkan kantor baru.

• Sebagai konsekuensi dari - Sebagai konsekuensi belajar dengan giat, Anda akan
lulus ujian.

• Akibat - Sebagai hasil pengujian seismik, minyak ditemukan di tanah Henry.

• Selama - Selama saya mampu, saya akan mengendarai sepedaku untuk bekerja.

• Segera setelah - Parade akan dimulai segera setelah walikota tiba.

• Dengan asumsi - Anda bisa mendapatkan gaun merah dengan asumsi bahwa
barang itu sedang dijual.

• Karena - Karena hujan, kita akan mengambil payung kita.

• Sebelum - Dia akan menyelesaikan laporan sebelum rapat.

• Tapi untuk - Kami akan kehilangan tapi untuk peta.

• Meskipun demikian - Meskipun mengalami kemunduran ini, kita akan mencapai

tujuan kita.

• Bahkan jika - Bahkan jika dia kehilangan pekerjaannya, dia masih memiliki
pekerjaan di bidang pendidikan.

• Jika - Jika Anda menyikat dan membersihkan benang setiap hari, mungkin Anda
tidak akan mengalami rongga atau penyakit gusi.

Kalau saja - Kalau saja saya sudah berlatih lebih lama, saya pasti sudah
melakukan tembakan.

• Dalam kasus - Jika terjadi kebakaran, mohon gunakan tangga.

• Agar - Untuk mendapatkan harga terbaik, Mary berbelanja di tiga toko.

• Dalam acara - Jika terjadi kematian presiden, wakil presiden akan

menggantikannya.

• Tidak peduli bagaimana - Tidak peduli berapa banyak alasan yang Anda miliki,
Anda beralasan.
• Sekarang - Sekarang semua pengawas ada di sini, pertemuan bisa dimulai.

• Sekali - Setelah tugas selesai, kita akan pergi ke taman.

• Hanya jika - Kami akan melakukan beberapa lagu hanya jika keuntungannya
masuk ke acara amal.

Dengan syarat bahwa - Anda akan mendapatkan pekerjaan dengan syarat bahwa
Anda akan bekerja setiap hari Sabtu lainnya.

• Disediakan - saya akan pergi ke prom bersama Anda asalkan Anda minta maaf.

• Memberikan itu - Kami akan memberi Anda uang yang bisa Anda bayar kembali
dalam waktu enam bulan.

• Sejak - Sejak musim gugur, ada banyak daun di tanah.

• Selama - Selama Anda makan sehat, Anda tidak akan sakit.

• Anggaplah - Seandainya Anda mendapat pekerjaan itu, maukah Anda menerima

jabatan itu?

• Oleh karena itu - KPR tersebut tidak dibayar, oleh karena itu bank tersebut
diambil alih.

• Kecuali - Kecuali Anda telah membeli tiket, Anda tidak akan dapat menghadiri
pertunjukan.

• Sampai - Tidak, mereka tidak berbicara dengan saya sampai saya berbicara
dengan mereka.

• Kapan - Saat saya lapar, saya akan pergi ke restoran.

• Kapan pun - Kapan pun saya makan makanan pedas, saya mendapatkan sarang.

• Dimanapun - Di mana ada bunga, lebah akan datang untuk menyerbuki.

• Apakah atau tidak - Dia menghabiskan seluruh gajinya untuk pakaian, apakah
itu cerdas atau tidak.
• Namun - piknik terganggu oleh hujan, namun kita semua bersenang-senang.

Kondom: ungkapan lain (kecuali, harus, selama)

Klausa bersyarat dapat dimulai dengan kecuali. Kecuali berarti sesuatu yang mirip
dengan 'jika ... tidak' atau 'kecuali jika'.

Bentuk kata kerja dalam contoh serupa dengan kalimat dengan jika: kita
menggunakan kalimat sederhana ini di klausul kecuali dan, boleh, boleh, bisa,
atau mungkin mungkin dalam klausa utama:

Kecuali saya menelepon Anda, Anda dapat mengasumsikan kereta tepat pada
waktunya. (Jika saya tidak menelepon Anda / kecuali jika saya menghubungi
Anda, Anda bisa menganggap kereta itu tepat waktu.)

Kami harus membatalkan acara tersebut kecuali jika kami menjual lebih banyak
tiket pada menit terakhir. (Kami harus membatalkan acara jika kami tidak
menjual lebih banyak tiket / kecuali jika kami menjual lebih banyak tiket
pada menit terakhir.)

PERINGATAN:

Kami tidak menggunakan kecuali untuk kondisi yang tidak mungkin:

Jika pemerintah tidak menaikkan harga pangan, tidak akan ada begitu banyak
protes.

Tidak: Kecuali pemerintah menaikkan harga pangan ...

PERINGATAN:

Kami tidak menggunakan kecuali dan jika bersama-sama:

Kita akan pergi ke pantai besok kecuali hujan.

Bukan: Kita akan pergi ke pantai besok kecuali jika hujan.

Lihat juga:

• Kecuali kalau

• Jika ya, jika tidak

Jika Anda (Haruskah dengan inversi)

Dalam situasi formal, kita bisa menggunakan + subjek + verb (v) daripada jika:

Jika Anda ingin membatalkan pesanan Anda, silakan hubungi bagian layanan
pelanggan kami di 02317 6658932. (Jika Anda ingin membatalkan pesanan
Anda ...)

Jika anak Anda menjadi cemas atau gugup terhadap aktivitas apa pun, ada baiknya
menginformasikan pemimpin tim. (Atau jika anak Anda seharusnya menjadi
...)

Apakah Anda (dengan inversi)

Dalam situasi formal, kita bisa menggunakan + kata kunci + subjek daripada jika
dalam kalimat bersyarat ketiga:

Seandainya saya tahu Anda sedang menunggu di luar, saya akan mengundang
Anda untuk masuk. (Jika saya tahu Anda sedang menunggu di luar ...)

Seandainya Margaret menyadari bahwa dia akan bepergian sendiri, dia tidak akan
pernah setuju untuk pergi.

Jika + untuk

Dalam situasi formal, kita bisa menggunakan jika + saat kita membicarakan hal-
hal yang mungkin terjadi tapi yang menurut kita tidak mungkin:
Jika Perdana Menteri mengundurkan diri, harus ada pemilihan umum dalam 30
hari.

Dalam gaya yang lebih formal, yang kita gunakan adalah + inversi subjek-kata
kunci + hingga-infinitif:

[V] Apakah [S] kita [to -INF] menyerah dalam pertarungan sekarang, ini berarti
akhir demokrasi di negara kita. (Jika kita melepaskan perjuangan sekarang ...)

[V] Apakah [S] ekonomi [ke -INF] melambat terlalu cepat, akan ada masalah
besar. (Jika ekonomi melambat terlalu cepat ...)

Selama, asalkan, menyediakan, dll.

Terkadang kita perlu menerapkan kondisi tertentu atau menetapkan batasan pada
situasi. Dalam kasus ini, klausa bersyarat dapat dimulai dengan frase seperti
selama, asalkan, hanya jika, dengan syarat bahwa, menyediakan (itu), yang
diberikan (itu).

Selama lebih umum dalam berbicara; Asalkan dan pada kondisi yang lebih formal
dan lebih umum secara tertulis:

[Untuk sekelompok anak]

Anda bisa bermain di ruang tamu selama Anda tidak membuat berantakan.

Selama harimau masih berdiri, tak terlihat di hutan.

Bank tersebut meminjamkan 100.000 poundsterling dengan syarat mereka

melunasi uang tersebut dalam waktu enam bulan.

Menyediakan (itu) lebih umum dalam berbicara; Asalkan itu lebih formal dan
lebih umum dalam bahasa tulisan:

[Berbicara tentang perjalanan kereta api di Inggris]

Anda bisa mendapatkan pengurangan warga senior yang memberi Anda kartu rel.

Mereka mungkin melakukan apapun yang mereka suka asalkan ada dalam hukum.

Lihat juga:

• Selama dan selama

Atau dan sebaliknya

Kita sering menggunakan atau atau sebaliknya dengan makna kondisional:

Anda harus mulai belajar, atau Anda akan gagal dalam semua ujian itu. (Jika
Anda tidak mulai belajar, Anda akan gagal dalam ujian.)

[Berbicara tentang mengirim paket melalui surat]

Sebaiknya kita kirimkan saja, kalau tidak butuh waktu berhari-hari. (Jika kita
tidak mengirimkannya, itu akan memakan waktu berhari-hari.)

Seandainya

Misalkan bisa digunakan dengan makna bersyarat. Hal ini dapat digunakan dalam
kalimat kondisional pertama, kedua atau ketiga. Pembicara mengundang
pendengar untuk membayangkan sebuah situasi:

Seandainya aku tidak datang sampai setelah tengah malam, apakah rumah tamu
masih terbuka? (Bayangkan jika aku tidak datang sampai setelah tengah
malam ...)

Seandainya Anda kehilangan paspor Anda, Anda harus pergi ke kedutaan, bukan?

Seandainya dia tidak mengenal kami - mungkin dia tidak pernah berbicara dengan
kami.
Lihat juga:

• Dalam hal (dari)

• Ingin

• Jika hanya

• Misalkan, seandainya dan bagaimana jika

JIKA, MESKIPUN JIKA, HANYA JIKA, SEBAGAI PANJANG,

DISEDIAKAN, MEMASARKAN, KECUALI, TAPI UNTUK, JIKA
PERLU, JIKA SEGALA, DALAM KASUS dll.

Tags:

• klausa

• ko• penekanan

• inversi

• JIKA

JIKA dan KETIKA

Bila bisa diganti jika dalam kondisi nol:

Jika Anda memanaskan air sampai 100 derajat celcius, bisul itu.

Bila Anda memanaskan air sampai 100 derajat celcius, bisul itu.

Pada tipe kondisional lainnya, kita tidak bisa menggunakan bila bukan jika.
BAHKAN JIKA

Sekalipun menekankan bahwa sesuatu akan terjadi, akan terjadi atau akan terjadi
apapun kondisinya:

Bahkan jika kita pergi sekarang, kita masih tidak akan naik kereta api.

Saya tidak akan masuk ke air bahkan jika saya bisa berenang.

Bahkan jika kami telah memesan penerbangan kami sebelumnya, itu tidak akan
lebih murah.

HANYA JIKA

Hanya jika membuat kondisinya lebih ketat:

Acetaminophen berbahaya bagi anak-anak hanya jika dosisnya terlalu tinggi.

Jika klausa if pertama, subjek dan auxiliary pada klausa utama dibalikkan:

Hanya jika Anda suka musik klasik apakah layak datang malam ini.

SO / AS PANJANG, MENYEDIAKAN / DISEDIAKAN (BAHWA)

Jadi / asalkan dan menyediakan / menyediakan (itu) bisa digunakan bukan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu kondisi. Perhatikan bahwa menyediakan /
menyediakan (itu) sedikit formal:

Anda bisa tinggal di sini selama Anda diam.

Asalkan / Menyediakan (itu) tagihan dibayar, penyewa tidak akan diusir.

MEMASUKAN / MEMASUKI, APA JIKA

Misalkan / seandainya dan bagaimana jika bisa mengganti jika, terutama dalam
percakapan sehari-hari, dan sering digunakan tanpa klausa utama:

Misalkan / seandainya Anda memenangkan undian, apa yang akan Anda lakukan?

Misalkan / seandainya Anda tidak dapat menemukan pekerjaan?

Bagaimana jika Anda tidak diterima di universitas? Apa yang akan kamu
lakukan?

KECUALI KALAU

Kecuali jika diikuti oleh kata kerja afirmatif untuk menyatakan "jika ... tidak":

Kakiku patah. Saya tidak bisa berdiri kecuali jika Anda membantu saya. (Saya
tidak tahan jika Anda tidak membantu saya.)

JIKA ITU TIDAK UNTUK / JIKA ITU TIDAK DIPERHATIKAN, NAMUN

UNTUK

Ungkapan ini berarti "tanpa". Mereka digunakan dalam kondisional kedua dan
ketiga dan biasanya diikuti oleh frasa kata benda:

Kalau bukan karena Miguel, kita tidak tahu harus berbuat apa sekarang. (Tanpa
Miguel ...)

Jika bukan karena kebodohanmu, kita tidak akan tersesat. (Jika Anda tidak begitu
bodoh ...)

Tapi untuk bantuan Anda, saya akan berada dalam masalah besar. (Tanpa bantuan
Anda ... / Jika Anda tidak membantu saya ...)

JIKA IN DOUBT, JIKA MUNGKIN, JIKA PERAWATAN dll.

Kita bisa membuat klausa jika lebih pendek dengan menghilangkan subjek dan
kata kerja menjadi:

Jika (Anda) ragu, berkonsultasilah dengan kamus.

Dalam ungkapan idiomatik tertentu, subjek dan biasanya diabaikan:

Jika perlu, Anda bisa menelepon Jake di rumah.

Saya ingin duduk di dekat jendela jika memungkinkan.

JIKA SANGAT, JIKA TIDAK

Jika demikian dan jika tidak dapat bertahan jika klausul yang dipahami dari
konteks:

"Menurut ramalan cuaca, mungkin hujan besok." "Kalau begitu, kita akan pergi
hiking hari lain."

Kuharap Peter sampai di sini segera. Jika tidak, kita harus memulai tanpa dia.

DALAM KASUS dan JIKA

Klausul dalam kasus memberi alasan sementara klausa if menjelaskan suatu

kondisi:

Aku akan membeli sandwich kalau-kalau aku lapar. (Saya akan membeli
sandwich karena saya mungkin akan kelaparan nanti.)

Saya akan membeli sandwich jika saya lapar. (Saya akan membeli sandwich saat
saya lapar.)

Kita bisa menggunakan seharusnya setelah dalam kasus:

Ambil payung kalau-kalau seharusnya hujan.

Pelajaran dan Latihan Bahasa Inggris

Kondisioner - Menyediakan itu / Disediakan itu

Cara menggunakan Menyediakan itu / Asalkan itu

Konjungsi Asalkan dan menyediakannya dapat digunakan secara bergantian untuk

berarti "jika - dengan syarat bahwa"

Ini adalah cara lain untuk mengungkapkan situasi kondisi dan hasil.

Asalkan itu dan berikan itu memiliki arti yang sama.

Kita bisa menggunakan keduanya untuk makna "if."

Contoh Kalimat.

• Dia akan membantu saya asalkan saya berjanji untuk mengerjakan pekerjaan
rumahnya.

Dia akan membantu saya jika saya berjanji untuk mengerjakan

pekerjaan rumahnya.

• Memberikan bahwa Anda pergi ke pesta itu, saya juga akan pergi.

Jika Anda pergi ke pesta itu, saya juga akan pergi.

Kita bisa menghilangkan itu jika kita menginginkan:

• Asalkan Anda belajar dengan giat, Anda bisa sukses.

• Tidak ada yang memiliki pertanyaan, kita bisa menyelesaikan pelajaran.

• Saya dapat memiliki liburan yang memberi saya lima puluh pound sehari.
• Anda bisa meminjam mobil asalkan Anda berjanji untuk mengemudi dengan
hati-hati.

• Kami akan berada di sana sekitar pukul 7.30 karena ada kereta yang sesuai.

KONJUNCTIONS dan NOUN CLAUSES

KONJUNCTIONS

Konjungsi adalah kata yang digunakan sebagai joiner. Berbagai jenis konjungsi
bergabung dengan berbagai jenis struktur gramatikal. Berikut ini adalah jenis
konjungsi:

Koordinasi Konjungsi

Konjungsi kecil yang sederhana disebut konjungsi koordinat (Anda dapat

mengklik kata-kata untuk melihat deskripsi spesifik masing-masing):

Koordinasi Konjungsi

dan

tapi

atau

namun

untuk

maupun

begitu
(Ini mungkin membantu Anda mengingat konjungsi ini dengan mengingat bahwa
mereka semua memiliki kurang dari empat huruf. Juga ingat akronim
FANBOYS: Untuk-Dan-Tidak-Tapi-Atau-Namun-Jadi, berhati-hatilah
dengan kata-kata itu dan sekarang; Adalah koordinat koordinasi, jadi apa
yang kita katakan tentang mengkoordinasikan peran konjungsi dalam sebuah
kalimat dan tanda baca tidak berlaku untuk kedua kata itu.)

Ketika sebuah konjungsi koordinasi menghubungkan dua klausa independen,

seringkali (tapi tidak selalu) disertai koma:

• Ulysses ingin bermain untukndisional

Ulysses ingin bermain untuk UConn, tapi dia mengalami kesulitan untuk
memenuhi persyaratan akademis.

Ketika dua klausa independen yang dihubungkan oleh koordinat koordinasi

seimbang atau singkat, banyak penulis akan menghilangkan koma tersebut:

• Ulysses memiliki tembakan lompat besar tapi dia tidak cepat berdiri.

Koma selalu benar bila digunakan untuk memisahkan dua klausa independen yang
dihubungkan oleh koordinat koordinat. Lihat Tanda Baca Antara Dua Klausul
Independen untuk bantuan lebih lanjut.

Koma juga benar saat dan digunakan untuk melampirkan item terakhir dari daftar
serial, walaupun banyak penulis (terutama di surat kabar) akan
menghilangkan koma terakhir itu:

• Ulysses menghabiskan musim panasnya untuk mempelajari matematika dasar,

menulis, dan membaca.

Bila koordinat koordinat digunakan untuk menghubungkan semua elemen dalam

rangkaian, koma tidak digunakan:

• Presbiterian dan Metodis dan Baptis adalah jemaat Protestan yang lazim di
Oklahoma.
Koma juga digunakan dengan tapi saat mengekspresikan kontras:

• Ini adalah aturan yang berguna, namun sulit untuk diingat.

Dalam sebagian besar peran mereka yang lain sebagai joiner (selain bergabung
dengan klausa independen, yaitu), mengkoordinasikan konjungsi dapat
menggabungkan dua elemen kalimat tanpa bantuan koma.

• Hemingway dan Fitzgerald termasuk di antara ekspatriat Amerika era antara-

perang.

• Hemingway terkenal dengan gayanya yang jernih dan wawasannya tentang

pengertian identitas pria Amerika.

• Sulit untuk mengatakan apakah Hemingway atau Fitzgerald adalah ikon budaya
yang lebih menarik di zamannya.

• Meskipun Hemingway kadang-kadang meremehkan penggambaran wanita yang

tidak menyenangkan dan karena pemuliaan machismo-nya, kami tetap
menemukan tokoh wanita simpatik, bahkan heroik, dalam novel dan
cerpennya.

Di antara konjungsi koordinasi, yang paling umum, tentu saja adalah dan, tapi,
dan atau. Mungkin bisa membantu untuk mengeksplorasi penggunaan tiga
kata kecil ini. Contoh di bawah ini sama sekali tidak menguras kemungkinan
makna konjungsi ini.

DAN

Sebuah. Untuk menunjukkan bahwa satu gagasan secara kronologis berurutan

dengan yang lain: "Tashonda mengirim aplikasinya dan menunggu telepon
untuk mendapat tanggapan."

B. Menganggap bahwa satu gagasan adalah hasil yang lain: "Willie mendengar
laporan cuaca dan langsung naik ke rumahnya."
C. Untuk menunjukkan bahwa satu gagasan berbeda dengan yang lain (sering
digantikan oleh namun dalam penggunaan ini): "Juanita brilian dan Shalimar
memiliki kepribadian yang menyenangkan.

D. Mengutip unsur kejutan (terkadang diganti dengan penggunaan ini): "Hartford

adalah kota yang kaya dan menderita banyak gejala penyakit busuk
perkotaan."

E. Untuk menunjukkan bahwa satu klausa bergantung pada yang lain, secara
kondisional (biasanya klausa pertama adalah sebuah keharusan): "Sering-
sering menggunakan kartu kredit Anda dan Anda akan segera merasa berada
dalam hutang."

F. Mengutip semacam "komentar" pada klausa pertama: "Charlie menjadi

kecanduan perjudian dan tidak mengejutkan siapa pun yang mengenalnya."

TAPI

Sebuah. Untuk menunjukkan kontras yang tak terduga dalam terang klausa
pertama: "Joey kehilangan banyak uang di pasar saham, tapi sepertinya dia
masih bisa hidup dengan nyaman."

B. Mengacu pada pengertian afirmatif apa bagian pertama dari kalimat yang
tersirat dengan cara yang negatif (kadang-kadang diganti dengan yang
sebaliknya): "Klub tidak pernah berinvestasi dengan bodoh, tapi
menggunakan jasa penasihat investasi bijak."

C. Untuk menghubungkan dua gagasan dengan makna "kecuali" (dan kemudian

kata kedua mengambil alih sebagai subjek): "Semua orang kecuali
Goldenbreath sedang mencoba tim."

ATAU
Sebuah. Untuk menunjukkan bahwa hanya satu kemungkinan yang bisa
direalisasikan, tidak termasuk satu atau yang lain: "Anda dapat belajar dengan
giat untuk ujian ini atau Anda bisa gagal."

B. Untuk menyarankan kombinasi inklusif alternatif: "Kita bisa memanggang

ayam di atas panggangan malam ini, atau kita hanya bisa makan sisa
makanan.

C. Untuk menyarankan penyempurnaan klausa pertama: "Smith College adalah

perguruan tinggi wanita terkemuka di negara ini, atau begitulah yang
tampaknya sebagian besar alumni Smith College."

D. Untuk menyarankan penyajian kembali atau "koreksi" bagian pertama dari

kalimat tersebut: "Tidak ada ular derik di ngarai ini, atau begitulah yang
dikatakan pemandu kami kepada kami."

E. Untuk menyarankan kondisi negatif: "Motto negara bagian New Hampshire

adalah" Live free or die "yang agak suram.

F. Untuk menyarankan alternatif negatif tanpa menggunakan perintah (lihat

penggunaan andabove): "Mereka harus menyetujui gaya politiknya atau
mereka tidak akan memilih untuk memilih walikotanya."

Otoritas yang digunakan untuk bagian ini tentang penggunaan dan, tapi, dan atau:
Tata Bahasa Universitas Bahasa Inggris oleh Randolph Quirk dan Sidney
Greenbaum. Longman Group: Essex, Inggris. 1993. Digunakan dengan izin.
Contohnya kita sendiri.

Yang lain . . .

Konjungsi NOR tidak punah, tapi tidak digunakan sesering konjungsi lainnya, jadi
mungkin terasa agak aneh bila tidak muncul dalam percakapan atau tulisan.
Penggunaannya yang paling umum adalah sebagai adik laki-laki dalam
pasangan korelatif, tidak-atau (lihat di bawah):
• Dia tidak waras atau cemerlang.

• Bukan itu yang saya katakan atau yang saya maksud.

> Ini bisa digunakan dengan ungkapan negatif lainnya:

• Bukan itu yang ingin saya katakan, atau shou

My Autobiography
Rochima Rahmawati is my name. I was born on December 25th, 1992 in
Lampung. I am third daughter of Yunus Anis, S.Pd. as a teacher and Maftukha as
a house wife. I has two old sisters. They are Baiti Sofa and Asmaul Husna. I am a
moslem. My permanent address is Way Jepara, Labuhan Ratu 1, East Lampung.

I graduated from elementary school of SD AL-IRSYAD AL-ISLAMIYYAH

Banyuwangi, East Java in 2004. I continued her study in SMP AL-IRSYAD AL-
ISLAMIYYAH Banyuwangi, East Java in 2007. Then, I continued her study and
register in SMA N 1 Banyuwangi, East Java and graduated in 2010. On 2010, I
registered as a student in Muhammadiyah University of Metro. I took English
Education Study Program in Teacher Training and Education Faculty.

I also has been studying in Islamic Boarding School Aisyiah Imadul Bilad since
2011 until now. I studies many things in there, especially about the knowledge of
Islamic religion.

Artinya:
Autobiografiku
Rochima Rahmawati adalah nama saya. Saya lahir pada tanggal 25 Desember
1992 di Lampung. Saya putri ketiga dari Yunus Anis, S.Pd. sebagai guru dan
Maftukha sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Saya memiliki dua saudara perempuan.
Mereka Baiti Sofa dan Asmaul Husna. Saya seorang muslim. Alamat tetap saya
adalah Way Jepara, Labuhan Ratu 1, Lampung Timur.

Saya lulus dari sekolah dasar dari SD Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Banyuwangi, Jawa
Timur pada tahun 2004. Saya melanjutkan studinya di SMP Al-Irsyad Al-
Islamiyyah Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur pada tahun 2007. Kemudian, saya
melanjutkan sekolah dan mendaftar di SMA N 1 Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur dan
lulus pada tahun 2010. Pada 2010, saya terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa di
Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro. Saya mengambil Program Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris di Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan.

here is an autobiographical space is one, of many types of biographies that exist.

Autobiography itself, derived from the words, autos, bios, and graphien. These
three words, taken from the Greek language.

Bios and Graphien for example the journey of one's life. While the Autos itself.
So, if it meant autobiography means a biography, written by the character
itself.

Now, from the different definitions, there are biographical differences with
autobiography, from the start of his authorship, the content, and their
usefulness.

We will discuss, on biographical and autobiographical differences, at the bottom,

plus some examples from biographies and some examples from
autobiography, so we can better understand.

Note: Although the autobiography is self-written, but the autobiography, it should

be more complete than a resume (CV) that is usually made.

In essence, biography is a record of one's life's journey, written by someone else.

While autobiography is a biography, written by the character itself.

Differences Biography with Autobiography

Differences Biography with Autobiography. Via pixabay.com

BIOGRAPHY

1. Biography is a journey of one's life, written by someone else.

2. The subject of the biography are famous people, or famous personalities, who
have many services, works, or thoughts that are of great use to others.

3. Biographies are usually made by relying on literature, important documents, or

even sources, as follows in the event, and facts that occur, in the course of life
(biography).

4. Biography, usually contains information that contains wisdom, motivation and

important history that can be a role model for those who read it

AUTOBIOGRAPHY

1. Autobiography is a journey of one's life, written by the character himself, or

with the help of another author, made from the experience or memory of the
character himself.

2. Autobiography usually contains information about the life of the character

itself, from the difficult to achieve success.

3. Autobiography is just a positive information only. In fact, often, autobiography

is written in the framework, the image of a political figure.

4. Autobiography biasaya written, so that people more familiar and know about
what has been there during his life, so that can be taken wisdom, and valuable
lessons, that is in it.

Examples of Written Autobiography, In Book Form:

• The book of the cape head, "the cassava boy"

• Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's book, "there is always an option"

• Ahmad Syafii Maarif's book "The points of the range, in my journey"

ARTINYA:

ada dasarnya autobiografi adalah salah satu, dari banyak jenis biografi
yang ada.

Autobiografi sendiri, berasal dari kata, autos, bios, dan graphien. Ketiga kata ini,
diambil dari bahasa yunani.

Bios dan Graphien artinya perjalanan hidup seseorang. Sedangkan Autos artinya
sendiri. Jadi, jika digabungkan autobiografi berarti sebuah biografi, yang ditulis
oleh tokoh itu sendiri.
Nah, dari definisi yang berbeda itu, muncul perbedaan – perbedaan biografi
dengan autobiografi, dari mulai cara kepenulisannya, isi, dan kegunaannya.

kita akan bahas, mengenai perbedaan – perbedaan biografi dan autobiografi, di

bagian bawah, plus beberapa contoh dari biografi dan beberpa contoh dari
autobiografi, supaya kita bisa lebih paham.

Note : Meskipun autobiografi itu ditulis sendiri, tapi autobiografi itu,harus lebih
lengkap dari daftar riwayat hidup (CV) yang biasa dIbuat.

Intinya, biografi adalah catatan perjalanan hidup seseorang, yang ditulis oleh
orang lain.

Sedangkan autobiografi adalah sebuah biografi, yang ditulis oleh tokoh itu
sendiri.

Perbedaan Biografi dengan Autobiografi

Perbedaan Biografi dengan Autobiografi. Via pixabay.com

BIOGRAFI

1. Biografi adalah sebuah perjalanan hidup seseorang, yang ditulis oleh orang
lain.
2. Subject dari biografi adalah orang – orang terkenal, atau tokoh – tokoh
terkenal, yang mempunyai banyak jasa, karya, ataupun pemikiran yang
banyak bermanfaat untuk orang lain.
3. Biografi biasanya dIbuat dengan mengandalakan literatur – literatur,
dokumen penting, atau bahkan narasumber, sebagai saksi dalam
mengungkapkan peristiwa, dan fakta – fakta yang terjadi, di dalam
perjalanan hidup (biografi) tersebut.
 4. Biografi, biasanya berisikan informasi yang mengandung hikmah, motivasi
dan sejarah penting yang dapat dijadikan suri teladan bagi yang
membacanya

AUTOBIOGRAFI

1. Autobiografi adalah sebuah perjalanan hidup seseorang, yang ditulis oleh

tokoh itu sendiri, atau dengan bantuan penulis lain, yang dIbuat
berdasarkan pengalaman atau ingatan tokoh itu sendiri.
2. Autobiografi biasanya berisi informasi mengenai masa kehidupan tokoh itu
sendiri, dari yang sulit hingga mencapai keberhasilan.
3. Autobiografi seringkali hanya menampilkan informasi yang bersifat positif
saja. Bahkan sering kali, autobiografi ditulis dalam rangka, pencitraan
seorang tokoh politik.
4. Autobiografi biasaya ditulis, agar masyarakat lebih mengenal dan
mengetahui tentang apa yang sudah dilakukannya selama ia hidup,
sehingga bisa diambil hikmah, dan pelajaran yang berharga, yang ada di
dalamnya.

Contoh Autobiografi yang Ditulis, Dalam Bentuk Buku:

 Buku chairul tanjung, “si anak singkong”

 Buku Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, “selalu ada pilihan”
 Buku Ahmad Syafii Maarif “Titik – titik kisar, dalan perjalananku”