LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

CLIENT : PT PERTAMINA EP
PROJECT : DED PENAMBAHAN KAPASITAS FASILITAS PRODUKSI BLOCK STATION II, V DAN VI DI FIELD TANJUNG
LOCATION : TANJUNG
DOC. NO. : DED-TJG-RE-PC-CA-011

P&ID No. Job No. Item No. Service REV

DED-TJG-RE-PC-DW-011 Venting Requirement (Normal Case) D1

GENERAL
This spread sheet represents calculation of venting requirement (pressure and vacuum)
of non refrigerated above ground low pressure storage tank
BASIC DESIGN
The basic design and general information for calculation are as follow
- Tank Tag Number 02-T-105
- Tank Service Crude Oil Tank
- Tank Inside Diameter mm 8230 (27.00 ft)
- Tank Height mm 5486 (18.00 ft)
- Stored Material Oil + Water
- Storage Temperature (max) °C 71 (160 degF)
- Vapor Pressure kPa a 45.51 (-8.1 psig / (Non Volatile Liquid)) -8.099
- Design Pressure kPa a 155.13 (Full of water)
- Operating pressure kPa a 101.35 ( 0.00 psig)
- Insulation NO

CALCULATION
Out-breathing Capacity
Normal out-breathing capacity is calculated based on vapor displacement due to liquid filling and temperature change.
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling
The vapor pressure higher than 5 kPa. There is vapor generated during filling (flashing),
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpf m3/h 13.2 2000.0 (BPD)
Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling (V op) is equal to maximum total volumetric filling rate (Vpf).
Out-breathing capacity, Vop m3/h 26.5 (as air flow rate)
Nm3/h 42.67 (as air flow rate)
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling (Excess Gas)
Excess Gas, MMSCFD 0.5400 (with MW 36.84) 36.837714
Nm3/h 680 (of air flow)
Total Outbreathing capacity due to liquid filling is 722.39 Nm3/h
- Thermal out-breathing
Calculation of thermal out-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is expressed by following equation :
Vot = Y * Vtk0.9 * Ri
Where
Y is a factor for latitute (Table 1 API Standard 2000 seventh edition)
Vtk is the tank volume, m3
Ri is the reduction factor for insulation (Ri = 1 if there is no insulation, Ri = Rin for fully insulated tanks)
Rin = 1
1 - (h * Lin / kin)
Where
h is inside heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K)
lin is insulation thickness (m)
kin is thermal conductivity of the insulation (W/m.K)

Tank volume, Vtk m3 292

Factor for latitude, Y 0.32
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h W/m2.K
Insulation thickness, lin m
Thermal conductivity of insulation, kin W/m.K
Reduction factor, Ri 1.00
Themal out-breathing capacity, Vot Nm3/h 52.94 (as air flow rate)

Total normal out-breathing is sum of liquid filling and thermal out-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 775.33 = 28941 SCFH
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

In-breathing Capacity
Normal in-breathing capacity is calculated based on vapor displacement due to liquid discharge and themperature change.
- In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge

Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpe m3/h 121.9 18400.0 (BPD)
In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge (Vip) is equal to maximum total volumetric discharge rate (V pe).
In-breathing capacity, Vip m3/h 121.9 (as air flow rate)
Nm3/h 98.13 (as air flow rate)

- Thermal in-breathing
Calculation of thermal in-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is expressed by following equation :
Vit = C * Vtk0.7 * Ri
Where
C is a factor that depends on vapor pressure, storage temperature and latitude (Table 2 API Standard 2000 seventh edition)
Vtk is the tank volume, m3
Ri is the reduction factor for insulation (Ri = 1 if there is no insulation, Ri = Rin for fully insulated tanks)
Rin = 1
1 - (h * Lin / kin)

Where
h is inside heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K)
lin is insulation thickness (m)
kin is thermal conductivity of the insulation (W/m.K)

Tank volume, Vtk m3 292

C factor 6.50
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h W/m2.K
Insulation thickness, lin m
Thermal conductivity of insulation, k in W/m.K
Reduction factor, Ri 1.00
Themal in-breathing capacity, Vot Nm3/h 345.55 (as air flow rate)

Total normal in-breathing is sum of liquid discharge and thermal in-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 443.67 = 16561 SCFH

Open Vent Size Estimation

Maximum Required Capacity Nm3/h 775.33 (from breathing out capacity)
Inlet gas pressure, pi kPa a 102.0 (assumed at 0.1 psig)
Destination pressure, po kPa a 101.4 (ATM)
Vapor space temperature, T i K 305.2 (AMB)
Compressibility factor, Zi 1.0 (of air flow)
Molecular weight, M 28.9 (of air flow)
Heat capacity ratio, k 1.4 (of air flow)
The area requirement, A (in cm2), for venting is expressed by following equation :
q = 125.15 * pi * Aeff * Ci with Ci = ( { M * Zi * Ti }-1 * { k / (k-1) } * [ (po / pi )2/k - (po / pi )(k+1)/k ] )0.5
Ci = 0.00088
Required effective area, Aeff cm2 69
Selected nozzle diameter, D mm 102 (4 inch)
Selected nozzle effective area, Aeff cm2 81
Rated capacity of selected nozzle diameter Nm3/h 908 (of air flow)
SCFH 33875 (of air flow)
MMSCFD 0.72 (of Gas with MW 36.84)
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

CLIENT : PT PERTAMINA EP
PROJECT : DED PENAMBAHAN KAPASITAS FASILITAS PRODUKSI BLOCK STATION II, V DAN VI DI FIELD TANJUNG
LOCATION : TANJUNG
DOC. NO. : DED-TJG-RE-PC-CA-011

P&ID No. Job No. Item No. Service REV

DED-TJG-RE-PC-DW-011 Venting Requirement (Maximum Case) D1

GENERAL
This spread sheet represents calculation of venting requirement (pressure and vacuum)
of non refrigerated above ground low pressure storage tank
BASIC DESIGN
The basic design and general information for calculation are as follow
- Tank Tag Number 02-T-105
- Tank Service Crude Oil Tank
- Tank Inside Diameter mm 8230 (27.00 ft)
- Tank Height mm 5486 (18.00 ft)
- Stored Material Oil + Water
- Storage Temperature (max) °C 71 (160 degF)
- Vapor Pressure kPa a 45.51 (-8.1 psig / (Non Volatile Liquid)) -8.099
- Design Pressure kPa a 155.13 (Full of water)
- Operating pressure kPa a 101.35 ( 0.00 psig)
- Insulation NO

CALCULATION
Out-breathing Capacity
Normal out-breathing capacity is calculated based on vapor displacement due to liquid filling and temperature change.
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling
The vapor pressure higher than 5 kPa. There is vapor generated during filling (flashing),
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpf m3/h 19.9 3000.0 (BPD)
Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling (V op) is equal to maximum total volumetric filling rate (Vpf).
Out-breathing capacity, Vop m3/h 39.7 (as air flow rate)
Nm3/h 64.01 (as air flow rate)
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling (Excess Gas)
Excess Gas, MMSCFD 0.7500 (with MW 36.84) 36.837714
Nm3/h 944 (of air flow)
Total Outbreathing capacity due to liquid filling is 1008.07 Nm3/h
- Thermal out-breathing
Calculation of thermal out-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is expressed by following equation :
Vot = Y * Vtk0.9 * Ri
Where
Y is a factor for latitute (Table 1 API Standard 2000 seventh edition)
Vtk is the tank volume, m3
Ri is the reduction factor for insulation (Ri = 1 if there is no insulation, Ri = Rin for fully insulated tanks)
Rin = 1
1 - (h * Lin / kin)
Where
h is inside heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K)
lin is insulation thickness (m)
kin is thermal conductivity of the insulation (W/m.K)

Tank volume, Vtk m3 292

Factor for latitude, Y 0.32
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h W/m2.K
Insulation thickness, lin m
Thermal conductivity of insulation, kin W/m.K
Reduction factor, Ri 1.00
Themal out-breathing capacity, Vot Nm3/h 52.94 (as air flow rate)

Total normal out-breathing is sum of liquid filling and thermal out-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 1061.00 = 39604 SCFH
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

In-breathing Capacity
Normal in-breathing capacity is calculated based on vapor displacement due to liquid discharge and themperature change.
- In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge

Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpe m3/h 121.9 18400.0 (BPD)
In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge (Vip) is equal to maximum total volumetric discharge rate (V pe).
In-breathing capacity, Vip m3/h 121.9 (as air flow rate)
Nm3/h 98.13 (as air flow rate)

- Thermal in-breathing
Calculation of thermal in-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is expressed by following equation :
Vit = C * Vtk0.7 * Ri
Where
C is a factor that depends on vapor pressure, storage temperature and latitude (Table 2 API Standard 2000 seventh edition)
Vtk is the tank volume, m3
Ri is the reduction factor for insulation (Ri = 1 if there is no insulation, Ri = Rin for fully insulated tanks)
Rin = 1
1 - (h * Lin / kin)

Where
h is inside heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K)
lin is insulation thickness (m)
kin is thermal conductivity of the insulation (W/m.K)

Tank volume, Vtk m3 292

C factor 6.50
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h W/m2.K
Insulation thickness, lin m
Thermal conductivity of insulation, k in W/m.K
Reduction factor, Ri 1.00
Themal in-breathing capacity, Vot Nm3/h 345.55 (as air flow rate)

Total normal in-breathing is sum of liquid discharge and thermal in-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 443.67 = 16561 SCFH

Open Vent Size Estimation

Maximum Required Capacity Nm3/h 1061.00 (from breathing out capacity)
Inlet gas pressure, pi kPa a 102.0 (assumed at 0.1 psig)
Destination pressure, po kPa a 101.4 (ATM)
Vapor space temperature, T i K 305.2 (AMB)
Compressibility factor, Zi 1.0 (of air flow)
Molecular weight, M 28.9 (of air flow)
Heat capacity ratio, k 1.4 (of air flow)
The area requirement, A (in cm2), for venting is expressed by following equation :
q = 125.15 * pi * Aeff * Ci with Ci = ( { M * Zi * Ti }-1 * { k / (k-1) } * [ (po / pi )2/k - (po / pi )(k+1)/k ] )0.5
Ci = 0.00088
Required effective area, Aeff cm2 95
Selected nozzle diameter, D mm 152 (6 inch)
Selected nozzle effective area, Aeff cm2 182
Rated capacity of selected nozzle diameter Nm3/h 2042 (of air flow)
SCFH 76219 (of air flow)
MMSCFD 1.62 (of Gas with MW 36.84)
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

CLIENT : PT PERTAMINA EP
PROJECT : DED PENAMBAHAN KAPASITAS FASILITAS PRODUKSI BLOCK STATION II, V DAN VI DI FIELD TANJUNG
LOCATION : TANJUNG
DOC. NO. : DED-TJG-RE-PC-CA-011

P&ID No. Job No. Item No. Service REV

DED-TJG-RE-PC-DW-011 Venting Requirement (Maximum Liquid Case) D1

GENERAL
This spread sheet represents calculation of venting requirement (pressure and vacuum)
of non refrigerated above ground low pressure storage tank
BASIC DESIGN
The basic design and general information for calculation are as follow
- Tank Tag Number 02-T-105
- Tank Service Crude Oil Tank
- Tank Inside Diameter mm 8230 (27.00 ft)
- Tank Height mm 5486 (18.00 ft)
- Stored Material Oil + Water
- Storage Temperature (max) °C 71 (160 degF)
- Vapor Pressure kPa a 45.51 (-8.1 psig / (Non Volatile Liquid)) -8.099
- Design Pressure kPa a 155.13 (Full of water)
- Operating pressure kPa a 101.35 ( 0.00 psig)
- Insulation NO

CALCULATION
Out-breathing Capacity
Normal out-breathing capacity is calculated based on vapor displacement due to liquid filling and temperature change.
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling
The vapor pressure higher than 5 kPa. There is vapor generated during filling (flashing),
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpf m3/h 29.8 4500.0 (BPD)
Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling (V op) is equal to maximum total volumetric filling rate (Vpf).
Out-breathing capacity, Vop m3/h 59.6 (as air flow rate)
Nm3/h 96.01 (as air flow rate)
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling (Excess Gas)
Excess Gas, MMSCFD 0.1800 (with MW 36.84) 36.837714
Nm3/h 227 (of air flow)
Total Outbreathing capacity due to liquid filling is 322.58 Nm3/h
- Thermal out-breathing
Calculation of thermal out-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is expressed by following equation :
Vot = Y * Vtk0.9 * Ri
Where
Y is a factor for latitute (Table 1 API Standard 2000 seventh edition)
Vtk is the tank volume, m3
Ri is the reduction factor for insulation (Ri = 1 if there is no insulation, Ri = Rin for fully insulated tanks)
Rin = 1
1 - (h * Lin / kin)
Where
h is inside heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K)
lin is insulation thickness (m)
kin is thermal conductivity of the insulation (W/m.K)

Tank volume, Vtk m3 292

Factor for latitude, Y 0.32
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h W/m2.K
Insulation thickness, lin m
Thermal conductivity of insulation, kin W/m.K
Reduction factor, Ri 1.00
Themal out-breathing capacity, Vot Nm3/h 52.94 (as air flow rate)

Total normal out-breathing is sum of liquid filling and thermal out-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 375.52 = 14017 SCFH
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

In-breathing Capacity
Normal in-breathing capacity is calculated based on vapor displacement due to liquid discharge and themperature change.
- In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge

Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpe m3/h 121.9 18400.0 (BPD)
In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge (Vip) is equal to maximum total volumetric discharge rate (V pe).
In-breathing capacity, Vip m3/h 121.9 (as air flow rate)
Nm3/h 98.13 (as air flow rate)

- Thermal in-breathing
Calculation of thermal in-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is expressed by following equation :
Vit = C * Vtk0.7 * Ri
Where
C is a factor that depends on vapor pressure, storage temperature and latitude (Table 2 API Standard 2000 seventh edition)
Vtk is the tank volume, m3
Ri is the reduction factor for insulation (Ri = 1 if there is no insulation, Ri = Rin for fully insulated tanks)
Rin = 1
1 - (h * Lin / kin)

Where
h is inside heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K)
lin is insulation thickness (m)
kin is thermal conductivity of the insulation (W/m.K)

Tank volume, Vtk m3 292

C factor 6.50
Inside heat transfer coefficient, h W/m2.K
Insulation thickness, lin m
Thermal conductivity of insulation, k in W/m.K
Reduction factor, Ri 1.00
Themal in-breathing capacity, Vot Nm3/h 345.55 (as air flow rate)

Total normal in-breathing is sum of liquid discharge and thermal in-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 443.67 = 16561 SCFH

Open Vent Size Estimation

Maximum Required Capacity Nm3/h 217.10 (from breathing in capacity)
Inlet gas pressure, pi kPa a 101.8 (assumed at 0.07 psig)
Destination pressure, po kPa a 101.4 (ATM)
Vapor space temperature, T i K 305.2 (AMB)
Compressibility factor, Zi 1.0 (of air flow)
Molecular weight, M 28.9 (of air flow)
Heat capacity ratio, k 1.4 (of air flow)
The area requirement, A (in cm2), for venting is expressed by following equation :
q = 125.15 * pi * Aeff * Ci with Ci = ( { M * Zi * Ti }-1 * { k / (k-1) } * [ (po / pi )2/k - (po / pi )(k+1)/k ] )0.5
Ci = 0.00073
Required effective area, Aeff cm2 23
Selected nozzle diameter, D mm 76 (3 inch)
Selected nozzle effective area, Aeff cm2 46
Rated capacity of selected nozzle diameter Nm3/h 427 (of air flow)
SCFH 15943 (of air flow)
MMSCFD 0.34 (of Gas with MW 36.84)
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

CLIENT : CABOT
PROJECT : COAL TAR TANK
LOCATION : CILEGON
DOC. NO. :

P&ID No. Job No. Item No. Service REV

Venting Requirement A

GENERAL
This spread sheet represents calculation of venting requirement (pressure and vacuum) for above ground low pressure storage tank.

BASIC DESIGN
The basic design and general information for calculation are as follow
- Tank Inside Diameter mm 21000
- Tank Height mm 14800
- Stored Material CBO
- Molecular Weight kg/kmol 40
- Storage Temprature (max) °C 80
- Flash Point °C 80 (Combustible Liquid)
- Normal boiling point °C 150

CALCULATION
Normal Out-breathing Capacity
Normal out-breathing capacity is calculated based on the maximum expected venting that can occur during normal operation due to vapor displacement
as result of liquid filling and themperature change.
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling
Total liquid filling rate (max), mpf MT/hr 40
Liquid density, ρL kg/m3 1220
Liquid flashing, xi % (w/w) 0
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpf m3/h 32.8
Vapor generated due to flashing kg/h 0.0
Nm3/h 0.0 (as air flow rate)
Calculation of out-breathing due to liquid filling (in Nm 3/h of air) is followed by these criteria :
> Liquid having flash point of 37.8oC or above or normal boiling point of 148.9 oC or above, the requirement venting is equivalent to 1.01 Nm 3/h of air
per m3/h of maximum filling rate.
> Liquid having flash point less than 37.8 oC or normal boiling point less than 148.9 oC, the requirement venting is equivalent to 2.02 Nm 3/h of air per m3/h
of maximum filling rate.
Out-breathing capacity, Vop Nm3/h 33.1 (as air flow rate)

- Thermal out-breathing
Calculation of thermal out-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is followed by these criteria :
> Liquid having a flash point of 37.8oC or above, or normal boiling point of 148.9 oC or above, thermal outbreathing capacity is equivalent to 60% of the
inbreathing requirement for thermal effect.
> Liquid having flash point below 37.8oC or a normal boiling point below 148.9 oC, thermal outbreathing capacity is equivalent to inbreathing requirement
for thermal effect.
Thermal outbreathing capacity, VOT Nm3/h 473.1 (as air flow rate)

Total normal out-breathing is sum of liquid filling and thermal out-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 506.2

Normal In-breathing Capacity

Normal in-breathing capacity is calculated based on the maximum expected venting that can occur during normal operation due to vapor displacement
as result of liquid pumped out and themperature change.
- In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge
Total liquid discharge rate (max), m pe MT/hr 72
Liquid density, ρL kg/m3 1220
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpe m3/h 59.0
In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge (Vip) is equal to 0.94 Nm3/h of air per m 3/h of maximum total volumetric discharge rate (Vpe).
In-breathing capacity, Vip Nm3/h 55.5 (as air flow rate)
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

- Thermal in-breathing
Calculation of thermal in-breathing (in Nm3/h of air) is followed by these criteria :
> Tank having a volume less than 3180 m3, the in-breathing for thermal effect is equivalent to 0.169 Nm 3/h per m3 of empty tank volume.
> Tank having a volume greather than 3180 m3, the in-breathing for thermal effect is equivalent to 0.577 Nm 3/h per m2 of expossed area.
Volume of empty tank, VTK m3 5126.1367
Shell exposed area, Asexp m2 976.41
Roof area, AR m2 390
Total exposed area, Aexp m2 1366.41
Thermal inbreathing capacity, VIT Nm3/h 788.42 (as air flow rate)

Total normal in-breathing is sum of liquid discharge and thermal in-breathing, Nm 3/h of air 843.9

Emergency Venting due to Fire Exposure

The emergency venting capacity (expressed in Nm 3/h of air), q, is calculated using the following formula :
q = 906.6 * (Q * F / L) * (T / M) 0.5
Where
Q is heat input from fire exposure (watt) as given by table 3 API Standard 2000 sixth edition
F is the environment factor from table 9 API Standard 2000 sixth edition
L is latent heat of vaporization of stored liquid at relieving pressure and temperature (J/kg)
T is the absolute temperature of relieving vapor (K)
M is relative molecular mass of vapor

ATWS is wetted surface area (m 2)

Insulation thickness, t mm 50
Environmental factor (Insulation thickness = 50 mm), F 0.15
Latent heat of vaporization, L J/kg 334900
Relieving temperature, T K 423
Relative molecular mass of vapor, M kg/kmol 86
Area of wetted surface, ATWS m2 606 calculated from first course of shell to height 9.14 m
Heat input from fire exposure, Q watt 8261029 the fourht equation from table 3 API Standard 2000 sixth edition
Emergency venting duu to fire exposure Nm3/h 7433.5 (as air flow rate)

The emergency venting requirement is a lot greater than normal venting from liquid movement and thermal breathing. Tank need to be install ERV for
accomodation of emergency venting and open vent for normal venting with in-breathing capacity is used for sizing open vent.
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

CLIENT : CABOT
PROJECT : COAL TAR TANK
LOCATION : CILEGON
DOC. NO. :

P&ID No. Job No. Item No. Service REV

Venting Requirement A

GENERAL
This spread sheet represents calculation of venting requirement (pressure and vacuum) for above ground low pressure storage tank.

BASIC DESIGN
The basic design and general information for calculation are as follow
- Tank Inside Diameter mm 40144
- Tank Height mm 24312
- Stored Material Ammonia
- Molecular Weight kg/kmol 17
- Storage Temprature (max) °C -33
- Flash Point °C -33 (Flammable Liquid)
- Normal boiling point °C 150

CALCULATION
Normal Out-breathing Capacity
Out-breathing capacity is calculated based on the maximum expected venting that can occur during normal operation due to vapor displacement
as result of liquid filling and themperature change, and lost of refrigeration.
- Out-breathing capacity due to liquid filling
Calculation of out-breathing due to liquid filling (in Nm 3/h of air) is followed by these criteria :
> Liquid having flash point of 37.8oC or above or normal boiling point of 148.9 oC or above, the requirement venting is equivalent to 1.01 Nm 3/h of air
per m3/h of maximum filling rate.
> Liquid having flash point less than 37.8 oC or normal boiling point less than 148.9 oC, the requirement venting is equivalent to 2.02 Nm 3/h of air per m3/h
of maximum filling rate.
Liquid Filling from Ship to 32-TK-801
Total liquid filling rate (max), mpf MT/hr 350
Temperature °C -28 @ battery limit
Pressure kPa g 294.2 @ battery limit
Liquid density, ρL kg/m3 673 from hysis simulation
Liquid flashing, xi % (w/w) 1.5 from hysis simulation
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpf m3/h 512.3
Vapor generated due to flashing kg/h 5250.0
Nm3/hr 6922.0 (as ammonia flow rate)
Nm3/hr 5314.4 (as air flow rate)
Out-breathing capacity, Vop Nm3/hr 1034.8 (as air flow rate)
Liquid Filling from Existing Plant to 32-TK-801
Total liquid filling rate (max), mpf MT/hr 160
Temperature °C -26 @ battery limit
Pressure kPa g 294.2 @ battery limit
Liquid density, ρL kg/m3 673 from hysis simulation
Liquid flashing, xi % (w/w) 2.15 from hysis simulation
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpf m3/h 232.6
Vapor generated due to flashing kg/h 3440.0
Nm3/hr 4535.5 (as ammonia flow rate)
Nm3/hr 3482.2 (as air flow rate)
Out-breathing capacity, Vop Nm3/hr 469.9 (as air flow rate)

- Thermal out-breathing
Calculation of thermal out-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is followed by these criteria :
> Liquid having a flash point of 37.8oC or above, or normal boiling point of 148.9 oC or above, thermal outbreathing capacity is equivalent to 60% of the
inbreathing requirement for thermal effect.
> Liquid having flash point below 37.8oC or a normal boiling point below 148.9 oC, thermal outbreathing capacity is equivalent to inbreathing requirement
for thermal effect.
Thermal outbreathing capacity, VOT Nm3/hr 2577.0 (as air flow rate)
 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

Lost of Refrigeration
When refrigeration system fail, vapor from the tank that should flow to refrigeration system will accumulate in the tank and causes overpressure.
Vapor generated from tank kg/hr 11000 refer to doc number xxx.xxx.xxx
Nm3/hr 14503 (as ammonia flow rate)
Nm3/hr 11135 (as air flow rate)

Total normal out-breathing is sum of liquid filling and thermal out-breathing, Nm 3/hr of air 24013

Normal In-breathing Capacity

In-breathing capacity is calculated based on the maximum expected venting that can occur during normal operation due to vapor displacement
as result of liquid pumped out and themperature change and maximum refrigeration load.
- In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge
Total liquid discharge rate (max), mpe MT/hr 160
Liquid density, ρL kg/m3 673
Volumetric liquid filling rate (max), Vpe m3/hr 237.7
In-breathing capacity due to liquid discharge (Vip) is equal to 0.94 Nm3/h of air per m3/h of maximum total volumetric discharge rate (V pe).
In-breathing capacity, Vip Nm3/hr 223.5 (as air flow rate)

- Thermal in-breathing
Calculation of thermal in-breathing (in Nm 3/h of air) is followed by these criteria :
> Tank having a volume less than 3180 m3, the in-breathing for thermal effect is equivalent to 0.169 Nm 3/h per m3 of empty tank volume.
> Tank having a volume greather than 3180 m3, the in-breathing for thermal effect is equivalent to 0.577 Nm 3/h per m2 of expossed area.
Volume of empty tank, VTK m3 30772
Shell exposed area, Asexp m2 3066.13
Roof area, AR m2 1400
Total exposed area, Aexp m2 4466.13
Thermal inbreathing capacity, VIT Nm3/hr 2576.96 (as air flow rate)

Maximum Refrigeration Load

When refrigeration system run at maximum load and vapor from tank is not at maximum production, it will causes vacuum at tank. It is assumed that
refrigeration system run at maximum refrigeration capacity and the ammount of vapor Is neglected.
Refrigeration capacity kg/hr 11000 refer to doc number xxx.xxx.xxx
Nm3/hr 14503 (as ammonia flow rate)
Nm3/hr 11135 (as air flow rate)

Total normal in-breathing is sum of liquid discharge and thermal in-breathing, Nm 3/hr of air 13935.4

Emergency Venting due to Fire Exposure

The emergency venting capacity (expressed in Nm 3/h of air), q, is calculated using the following formula :
q = 906.6 * (Q * F / L) * (T / M) 0.5
Where
Q is heat input from fire exposure (watt) as given by table 3 API Standard 2000 sixth edition
F is the environment factor from table 9 API Standard 2000 sixth edition
L is latent heat of vaporization of stored liquid at relieving pressure and temperature (J/kg)
T is the absolute temperature of relieving vapor (K)
M is relative molecular mass of vapor

ATWS is wetted surface area (m 2)

 LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANK VENTING REQUIREMENT

Insulation thickness, t mm 100

Environmental factor (Insulation thickness = 50 mm), F 0.113
Latent heat of vaporization, L J/kg 1387090
Relieving temperature, T K 240
Relative molecular mass of vapor, M kg/kmol 17
Area of wetted surface, ATWS m2 1158 calculated from first course of shell to height 9.14 m
Heat input from fire exposure, Q watt 14055984 the fourht equation from table 3 API Standard 2000 sixth edition
Emergency venting due to fire exposure Nm3/hr 3901.8 (as ammonia flow rate)
Nm3/hr 2995.7 (as air flow rate)

The emergency venting requirement is a lot greater than normal venting from liquid movement and thermal breathing. Tank need to be install ERV for
accomodation of emergency venting and open vent for normal venting with in-breathing capacity is used for sizing open vent.