Formwork Design & Scheme Preparation
L&T- FORMWORK SYSTEM
ssp
BASIC OBJECTIVE
SAFETY against load
ECONOMY by optimum use of formwork components
Special Construction Technique
Page 2
DESIGN LOADS
Formwork should generally be designed for
Vertical Loads
Lateral Pressure
Lateral Load
Loads due to vibration
Page 3
DESIGN LOADS CONTD.
Vertical Loads
Weight of fresh concrete (26 kN/m3)
Self weight of forms (0.50 kN/m2)
Construction live loads (1.5 – 3.0 kN/m2)
Minimum design load to range from 5.0–6.25 KN per sqm
Lateral Loads
2.5% of total Dead load
Wind load
Special equipments
Page 4
DESIGN LOADS CONTD.
Lateral pressure of concrete depends on
• Vertical form height
• Average rate of rise of concrete
• Temperature of concrete
• Plan dimension of pour
• Constituents of concrete
• Density of concrete
• Vibration
Page 5
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS....
ACI 347r-94 - guide to formwork for concrete.
ACI SP-4 - formwork for concrete.
OSHA - Occupational Health and Safety Act standards
American Society of Civil Engineers Standards Development.
Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) reports on concrete
pressure on formwork, striking times, recommendations etc.,
BS 5975 - British Standards for formwork
CAN/CSA - S269.3 - Canadian standard on formwork
SAA 1509 - 1974 - Australian standards for formwork.
DIN 4420 - German standards for formwork.
• The above standards covers all topics in detail, including lateral pressure of concrete,
superimposed loads like P&M loads, Impact loads and environmental loads like wind
loads etc.
Page 6
INDIAN STANDARDS .….
IS - 14687 - 1999 , Indian Standard - False work for Concrete Structures - Guidelines
is available.
The other code available for reference “IRC 87 - 1984 - Guidelines on design and
erection of formwork for road bridges” is derived from the British and American codes.
The above codes doesn’t deal in detail about the design factors and special
applications.
Page 7
Construction related considerations
• Speed of work
• No. of possible reuses
• Construction planning and arrangement
• Area or Volume of cast per pour
• Involvement of other construction technique
• Depending activity
• Provision for construction joint
• Feasibility of introducing alternative design
Page 8
DESIGN CRITERIA
The following criteria govern the design of formwork
Bending Moment
Shear
Deflection
Lateral stability of bending members
Bearing ( in case of timber members)
Page 9
BASIC SIMPLIFICATIONS
All loads are assumed as uniformly distributed
Beams spanning over three or more supports are assumed
continuous
For beams continuous over two spans, design values for simple
spans may be assumed when deflection or bending moment
govern. In case shear governs, the analysis should be as per
actuals.
Page 10
Deflection & Tolerance
For sheathing – 1.50 mm
For members spanning up to 1.50 m – 3.00 mm or span / 360 whichever is less
For Members spanning more than 1.5 m
- 6.0 mm or span / 360 whichever is less
Tolerance as per Structural Engineer’s requirement
Page 11
FORMWORK COMPONENTS
Sheathing – Plywood
Secondary supporting members – H Beam / Aluminum Beam
Primary supporting members – Steel waler / H – Beam /
Aluminum Beam
CT Props / Short Props / HDT Frames
Ties
Fasteners (Bolts, nails, etc.)
Hangers or brackets
Spacers
Page 12
LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF
COMPONENTS
LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF
COMPONENTS CONTD.
SALIENT FEATURES • The top plate, base plate & threaded pipe are welded to the
telescopic pipe/ base pipe by automatic welding machine yielding
superior finish & consistent quality.
• The threads are formed on thread rolling machines ensuring
kN
4.10 11.0 trouble free operation.
4.00 12.5
3.90 13.5
3.80 15.0 • Prop pins specially designed with high grade materials EN9 and
3.70 16.0
3.60 17.5 shaped to prevent the pin from getting lost during repeated usage.
3.50 18.5 kN
3.40 20.0 13.0 • The props undergo a seven tank pretreatment process and painted
3.30 21.5 15.0
3.20 22.5 17.0 by dipping and subsequent baking using PVC paint.
3.10 24.0 19.0
3.00 25.0 21.0 kN
18.0
2.90 26.5 23.0 20.0 • Sturdy prop nut made of malleable cast iron ensuring long life
2.80 28.0 25.0 22.0
2.70 29.0 27.0 24.0 of components.
2.60 30.5 29.0 26.0
2.50 32.0 30.0 28.0 24.0
kN
PROP HEIGHT ( in M)
2.40 33.0 31.5 30.0 26.0
2.30 34.0 32.5 32.0 28.0
2.20 34.0 34.0 30.0
2.10 34.0 34.0 32.0
2.00 34.0 34.0 34.0
1.90 34.0 34.0 34.0
1.80 34.0 34.0
1.70 34.0 34.0
1.60 34.0
1.50 34.0
1.40
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60 CT- 410 CT - 340 CT - 300 CT - 250
50
40 Floor Prop range Floor Prop range Floor Prop range Floor Prop range
30 From 2.30m From 1.90m From 1.70m From 1.50m
20 to 4.10m to 3.40m to 3.00m to 2.50m
10
CAPACITY - FLOOR PROP
Page 16
Flex system
Plywood H-16 BEAMS (SECONDARY)
H-16 BEAMS
FOURWAY (PRIMARY)
HEAD
BEAM
FORMING CT PROPS
HEAD
TRIPOD
Page 17
HDT system
H-16 BEAMS
BEAM BOTTOM
AND SIDES USING
CONVENTIONAL
SYSTEM
STEEL WALER U-HEAD
SHORT PROPS
H.D.TOWER
SYSTEM
FOOT PLATE
TOWER SPINDLE
Page 18
Sample Design – Slab Formwork
Page 19
Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Page 23
Page 24
L&T Flex System
Page 25
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
STRIKING/ STRIPING
To be carried out when concrete has gained adequate
strength to support its own weight & super imposed load
with a factor of safety 1.5
Sequence of striking with respect to the design of structure
Special care to be taken while striking of complex
structures such as domes, shells etc,.
Remove of staging in a planned sequence to avoid load
accumulation.
Page 30
De-shuttering must start from the point of minimum shear
Page 31
Bangalore
15 storied
building
collapsed
while
constructing
Top slab
collapsed
first & then
the rest
crumbled
RE PROPPING
Minimum days need
to achieve strength
for taking self weight
of the slab casted
Punching shear at
Prop location
Understanding Back-propping
Page 34
Understanding Back-propping
Page 35
Understanding Back-propping
Page 36
Understanding Back-propping
Page 37
Understanding Back-propping
Page 38
Page 39
Page 40
SP 24- Reference ->
Page 41
Page 42
Page 43
DESIGN CRITERIA
The factors for calculating lateral pressure of concrete on formwork
Unit weight of concrete (kN/m2)- i.e. 25kN/m 3
Workability of concrete (Slump in mm)
Rate of Placing of concrete in forms– R in m/h
Concrete mix design
Temperature of concrete in 0 C
Method of discharge
Height of concrete Pour (H)
Minimum dimension of the section cast
Method of consolidation of concrete Page 44
Page 45
Sample Design – Vertical Formwork
Page 46
Page 47
COLUMN FW – ALUFO SYSTEM
Case – A Case - B
• Instead of using Case – A Swastika shape column is not possible in Alufo system. Case – B is advisable
with Tie rod @ corner
Page 48
COLUMN FW – ALUFO SYSTEM
• The above case is advisable for column with huge size by providing Alufo Universal waler to connect
the Alufo panel & Tie rod in panel & also @ corner
• Alufo column formwork is not suitable for inclined columns or walls. Because hole matching is not
possible.
• Use only 15/10 dywidag tie rod Page 49
ALUFO SYSTEM – TYPICAL WALL SYSTEM
Page 50
Page 51
Aluminum Formwork
Strength to Weight Ratio, Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum
Aluminum formwork entirely made by Aluminum Alloy material.
Alloy- A6061-T6.
Rate of Raw material as per London Metal Exchange (LME)
The Aluminum Formwork System probably the most versatile modern construction system
It is suitable for typical high rise housing & low rise group housing.
Designed to allow the rapid construction of multiple unit projects at optimum productivity,
Designed to withstand liquid pressure up to 50 kN/Sqm.
Unit wt. is 23 Kg/Sqm and designed for 100 repetitions with proper maintenance and
handling
Page 52
Page 53
Various layouts –Aluminum FW
• Wall layout
• Beam side layout
• Deck layout
• Soffit layout
• Kicker layout
• Miscellaneous layout
• Elevations
• Special panel layout
• Brackets and spacer layout or Working Platform Layout
Page 54
Wall layout
Page 55
Beam layout
Page 56
Deck layout
Page 57
Soffit layout
Page 58
Elevations
Page 59
Bracket layout
Page 60
Working Platform Layout
Page 61
ANY QUERIES
