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Dead & Blind Zone

Zoning is an important philosophy in power system protection to ensure no part of the system remains unprotected. Zones of protection should ideally overlap so there are no blind zones, but practical and economic reasons mean complete overlap is not always possible. This can create a blind zone between current transformers and circuit breakers. Special protection is needed for blind zones, like using overcurrent protection with logic to trip the correct circuit breaker depending on the system configuration and what creates the blind zone.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
106 views4 pages

Dead & Blind Zone

Zoning is an important philosophy in power system protection to ensure no part of the system remains unprotected. Zones of protection should ideally overlap so there are no blind zones, but practical and economic reasons mean complete overlap is not always possible. This can create a blind zone between current transformers and circuit breakers. Special protection is needed for blind zones, like using overcurrent protection with logic to trip the correct circuit breaker depending on the system configuration and what creates the blind zone.

Uploaded by

Sureshraja9977
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2/21/2017 Zones of Protection and Dead or Blind Zone in Power System | Electrical Concepts

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Principle and Types Zoning  in  Power  system  Protection  is  an  important  philosophy
and  must  be  done  carefully  so  that  no  part  of  the  system
Resistance Switching in remains  unprotected  in  any  condition.  To  limit  the  extent  of  the
Circuit Breaker
power  system  that  is  disconnected  when  a  fault  occurs,
Current Chopping in Circuit protection is arranged in zones. The principle is shown in figure
Breaker below.
 

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Ideally, the zones of protection should overlap, so that no part of
the  power  system  is  left  unprotected.  This  is  shown  in  figure
below.  As  can  be  seen  from  the  figure  below,  each  Breaker  is
included  in  two  different  zones  of  protection  to  increase  the
reliability of protection scheme.
 

 
For practical physical and economic reasons, this ideal zoning in
protection  is  not  always  possible  to  achieve  because
accommodation  for  current  transformers  being  in  some  cases
available  only  on  one  side  of  the  circuit  breakers,  as  shown  in
figure below.
 


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2/21/2017 Zones of Protection and Dead or Blind Zone in Power System | Electrical Concepts

 
 
This  leaves  a  section  between  the  Current  Transformers  and
Circuit  Breaker  CB­A  that  is  not  completely  protected  against
faults.  As  shown  in  figure  above,  a  fault  at  F  would  cause  the
busbar protection to operate and open the circuit breaker but the
fault  may  continue  to  be  fed  through  the  feeder.  The  feeder
protection, if of the unit type, would not operate, since the fault is
outside  its  zone.  This  problem  is  dealt  with  by  intertripping  or
some form of zone extension, to ensure that the remote end of
the feeder is tripped also.
 
The  section  of  Power  System  which  is  not  covered  under  any
zone  of  protection  is  called  Dead  Zone  or  Blind  Zone  and
special kind of protection shall be provided to take care of fault
in  Dead  Zone.  Normally  overcurrent  element  is  used  for  the
protection of Dead Zone with some suitable logic interlock. The
logic  interlock  depends  on  the  configuration  of  power  system
and the condition in which Dead Zone is created. Let us take an
example  to  have  more  insight.  Carefully  observe  the  figure
below.


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2/21/2017 Zones of Protection and Dead or Blind Zone in Power System | Electrical Concepts

 
 
Transformer is fed by the Bus when the Breaker CB­A is close.
Now suppose we want to take Transformer under maintenance,
so for isolating the Transformer we will open CB­A and DS. After
opening DS, it may be required to close the CB­A to feed some
other connected feeder. As the Breaker is closed, a portion up to
DS is charged. Now suppose a fault take place in between DS
and  CT­3.  Assuming  that  CT­1,  CT­2  and  CT­3  are  meant  for
protection  of  Zone  in  between  the  CTs  using  Differential
protection, so a fault outside this zone will not be protected and
hence zone in between CT­3 and DS is unprotected and called
Dead Zone.
 
Read:  
Difference between Isolator and Breaker.

Over Current Relay and Its Characteristics

What  will  be  the  logic  for  implementing  protection  of  this
Dead Zone?
 
One may say, if the DS is open and CT­3 senses an overcurrent
then Relay shall issue a tripping command to CB­A. That is all,
Dead Zone is no more Dead rather it is protected. Notice that in
this  case  Dead  Zone  or  Blind  Zone  is  created  in  a  particular
condition where the DS is open and CB­A is close.
 

Any doubt? Please ask.  

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